Tian Cai, Hastings Chiwasa, C. Steinfield, Susan Wyche
This paper explores how participatory video can improve the knowledge and adoption of nutrition and food preparation practices among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, this study found that the participatory video method improved the participants' knowledge as much as the traditional demonstration method. Short-term adoption tests were carried out 7--10 days after the training. The extent of short-term adoption of the technique varied by the training topic. For egg-coated nsima, the overall short-term adoption rate was a little over 60% across the groups, while the rate for egg-coated pumpkin flower was around 32%. This rate for the former practice was significantly lower in the video group (50.9%) than in the traditional demonstration group (75.6%) mainly because the participants were unable to taste and smell the food during the video training. The adoption rate for the latter practice was similar between the two groups.
{"title":"Participatory video for nutrition training for farmers in Malawi: an analysis of knowledge gain and adoption","authors":"Tian Cai, Hastings Chiwasa, C. Steinfield, Susan Wyche","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737878","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how participatory video can improve the knowledge and adoption of nutrition and food preparation practices among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, this study found that the participatory video method improved the participants' knowledge as much as the traditional demonstration method. Short-term adoption tests were carried out 7--10 days after the training. The extent of short-term adoption of the technique varied by the training topic. For egg-coated nsima, the overall short-term adoption rate was a little over 60% across the groups, while the rate for egg-coated pumpkin flower was around 32%. This rate for the former practice was significantly lower in the video group (50.9%) than in the traditional demonstration group (75.6%) mainly because the participants were unable to taste and smell the food during the video training. The adoption rate for the latter practice was similar between the two groups.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122104699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ghaznavi, Umar Muneer, Usman Shahid, Shan Randhawa, Kashif Ali, Tapan S. Parikh, U. Saif
Illiteracy is one of the biggest development challenges, especially in the developing regions. There are 785M adult illiterates in the world; one in every five people has little or no basic reading skills. Illiteracy poses the following challenges: It limits the ability to understand essential information, it increases unemployment, poverty and it has a negative impact on health. In this study, we present VillageApps -- a framework to educate underprivileged communities in their mother tongue. The paper details the platform, its functionality, and its initial evaluation on a group of 30 school-aged children. Our framework consists of a web and a mobile application; the web application provides an interface to upload content and record its page by page audio translation; the mobile application provides an interface to view each page and simultaneously listen to its audio translation.
{"title":"VillageApps: a platform to educate underprivileged communities in their mother tongue","authors":"I. Ghaznavi, Umar Muneer, Usman Shahid, Shan Randhawa, Kashif Ali, Tapan S. Parikh, U. Saif","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737904","url":null,"abstract":"Illiteracy is one of the biggest development challenges, especially in the developing regions. There are 785M adult illiterates in the world; one in every five people has little or no basic reading skills. Illiteracy poses the following challenges: It limits the ability to understand essential information, it increases unemployment, poverty and it has a negative impact on health. In this study, we present VillageApps -- a framework to educate underprivileged communities in their mother tongue. The paper details the platform, its functionality, and its initial evaluation on a group of 30 school-aged children. Our framework consists of a web and a mobile application; the web application provides an interface to upload content and record its page by page audio translation; the mobile application provides an interface to view each page and simultaneously listen to its audio translation.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130269236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study set out to investigate the effects of psychological mechanisms on using mobile phones for work-related communication, and subsequently to prove that people at the bottom of the pyramid in Asia who use their phones strategically reap positive livelihood-related outcomes. Grounded in the theory of reasoned action and technology acceptance model it looks at the relationship between perceived self-efficacy, usefulness, ease of use, social influence, monetary value and gender on usage for strategic communication, and resultant benefits. Based on the Teleuse4@BoP survey, the study focuses on mobile phone owners only (N=4926), and runs a series of binary logistical regressions and ordinary least-squares regressions to predict hypotheses. I found that the positive relationship between perceived usefulness and strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is stronger among people who have irregular incomes. Social influence is negatively related to strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication. Perceived monetary value is negatively related to strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication. The negative relationship between gender and strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is stronger among people who have jobs that require mobile phone use. And strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is positively related to livelihood-related positive outcomes, holding other things constant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Work-related use and positive livelihood outcomes among mobile phone users in Asia","authors":"Komathi Ale","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738030","url":null,"abstract":"This study set out to investigate the effects of psychological mechanisms on using mobile phones for work-related communication, and subsequently to prove that people at the bottom of the pyramid in Asia who use their phones strategically reap positive livelihood-related outcomes. Grounded in the theory of reasoned action and technology acceptance model it looks at the relationship between perceived self-efficacy, usefulness, ease of use, social influence, monetary value and gender on usage for strategic communication, and resultant benefits. Based on the Teleuse4@BoP survey, the study focuses on mobile phone owners only (N=4926), and runs a series of binary logistical regressions and ordinary least-squares regressions to predict hypotheses. I found that the positive relationship between perceived usefulness and strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is stronger among people who have irregular incomes. Social influence is negatively related to strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication. Perceived monetary value is negatively related to strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication. The negative relationship between gender and strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is stronger among people who have jobs that require mobile phone use. And strategic usage of mobile phones for work-related communication is positively related to livelihood-related positive outcomes, holding other things constant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neha Kumar, Trevor Perrier, Michelle Desmond, K. Israel-Ballard, Vikrant Kumar, Sudip Mahapatra, Anil Mishra, S. Agarwal, R. Gandhi, Pallavi Lal, Richard J. Anderson
We present a qualitative study of Projecting Health, a public health project we deployed in rural Uttar Pradesh (India) to address persistently high maternal and infant mortality rates. This project is based on our model of Community-led Video Education (CVE), which leverages community resources for the generation, dissemination, and assimilation of visual media. We use the lens of information flows to examine how our instantiation of CVE enables the translation of globally approved health care norms to local household practices. We also demonstrate how CVE allows for integration with current community practices, existing state-supported health care infrastructure, social and patriarchal structures, and power dynamics within our target populations to drive community participation.
{"title":"Projecting health: community-led video education for maternal health","authors":"Neha Kumar, Trevor Perrier, Michelle Desmond, K. Israel-Ballard, Vikrant Kumar, Sudip Mahapatra, Anil Mishra, S. Agarwal, R. Gandhi, Pallavi Lal, Richard J. Anderson","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738023","url":null,"abstract":"We present a qualitative study of Projecting Health, a public health project we deployed in rural Uttar Pradesh (India) to address persistently high maternal and infant mortality rates. This project is based on our model of Community-led Video Education (CVE), which leverages community resources for the generation, dissemination, and assimilation of visual media. We use the lens of information flows to examine how our instantiation of CVE enables the translation of globally approved health care norms to local household practices. We also demonstrate how CVE allows for integration with current community practices, existing state-supported health care infrastructure, social and patriarchal structures, and power dynamics within our target populations to drive community participation.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128241337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This ongoing research project unpacks the issues surrounding urban refugees' access and use of mobile information communication technology (ICT) in Malaysia. The study also explores how UNHCR Malaysia and other refugee assistance stakeholders could integrate mobile ICT innovation into their standard operating procedures for improved service delivery.
{"title":"Mobile technology for refugee resilience in urban and peri-urban Malaysia","authors":"Claire Cravero","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737876","url":null,"abstract":"This ongoing research project unpacks the issues surrounding urban refugees' access and use of mobile information communication technology (ICT) in Malaysia. The study also explores how UNHCR Malaysia and other refugee assistance stakeholders could integrate mobile ICT innovation into their standard operating procedures for improved service delivery.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122482816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media offers new ways for citizens to discuss and debate politics and engage in the democratic process. These online systems could be places for rich policy relevant debate, which is favored by scholars of deliberative democracy. Alternatively, social media might be a platform for an identity driven form of political discourse that is routinely scorned by scholars of democracy. To examine these two possibilities, we analyzed tweets sent during three national elections, the defining participatory process of democracy. Our dataset includes over 760,000 tweets gathered during national elections in Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya from 2011 to 2013. In order to analyze the degree to which Twitter was being used for policy relevant discussion we developed policy term sets through a text analysis of the major political party platforms. To examine the amount of discourse focused on identity issues we created identity term sets based upon national religious, tribal, and regional differences. In Nigeria, where divisive identity politics feed violence and electoral misconduct, discussion of tribe, region, and religion dominate mentions of platform policies. In contrast Ghanaians, who enjoy the most robust democracy of the three countries, were seven times more likely to discuss policy issues rather than identity. Kenyan democracy is still undergoing consolidation, and tweets again reflect this, with almost as many tweets devoted to tribal identity as campaign policy. These findings suggest that social media discussions may echo the state of democratic deepening found in a country during its national elections.
{"title":"Twitter democracy: policy versus identity politics in three emerging African democracies","authors":"M. Best, Amanda Meng","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738017","url":null,"abstract":"Social media offers new ways for citizens to discuss and debate politics and engage in the democratic process. These online systems could be places for rich policy relevant debate, which is favored by scholars of deliberative democracy. Alternatively, social media might be a platform for an identity driven form of political discourse that is routinely scorned by scholars of democracy. To examine these two possibilities, we analyzed tweets sent during three national elections, the defining participatory process of democracy. Our dataset includes over 760,000 tweets gathered during national elections in Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya from 2011 to 2013. In order to analyze the degree to which Twitter was being used for policy relevant discussion we developed policy term sets through a text analysis of the major political party platforms. To examine the amount of discourse focused on identity issues we created identity term sets based upon national religious, tribal, and regional differences. In Nigeria, where divisive identity politics feed violence and electoral misconduct, discussion of tribe, region, and religion dominate mentions of platform policies. In contrast Ghanaians, who enjoy the most robust democracy of the three countries, were seven times more likely to discuss policy issues rather than identity. Kenyan democracy is still undergoing consolidation, and tweets again reflect this, with almost as many tweets devoted to tribal identity as campaign policy. These findings suggest that social media discussions may echo the state of democratic deepening found in a country during its national elections.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120878161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current demographic and health trends mean it is becoming imperative to rethink healthcare provision worldwide. This paper introduces SPHERE, a large-scale Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration that aims to make a contribution to addressing this challenge. Specifically, SPHERE is developing a smart home system based on a common platform of non-medical/environmental sensors to address a variety of healthcare needs. In order to achieve its goal of widespread deployment, SPHERE technology must meet the requirements of its envisaged users. In this paper we present the rationale and methodology of an ethnographic study of people's experiences of health and technology. The aim of this study was to gather rich contextual data to inform the design of meaningful and inclusive healthcare technology.
{"title":"Investigating contexts of use for the development of domestic healthcare technology: an ethnographic study","authors":"A. Burrows, J. Noyes, R. Gooberman-Hill, D. Coyle","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737888","url":null,"abstract":"Current demographic and health trends mean it is becoming imperative to rethink healthcare provision worldwide. This paper introduces SPHERE, a large-scale Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration that aims to make a contribution to addressing this challenge. Specifically, SPHERE is developing a smart home system based on a common platform of non-medical/environmental sensors to address a variety of healthcare needs. In order to achieve its goal of widespread deployment, SPHERE technology must meet the requirements of its envisaged users. In this paper we present the rationale and methodology of an ethnographic study of people's experiences of health and technology. The aim of this study was to gather rich contextual data to inform the design of meaningful and inclusive healthcare technology.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132820383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pal, Maura Youngman, Terence O'Neill, Priyank Chandra, Cyprien Semushi
We examine the role of mobile devices in access to social, economic, and architectural spaces and resources by people with vision impairments in two urban agglomerations in Rwanda and Malawi using a survey and open-ended interviews. We discuss ways in which the intersection of gender and disability distinguishes the ways men and women experience access in their respective societies.
{"title":"Gender and accessibility in Rwanda and Malawi","authors":"J. Pal, Maura Youngman, Terence O'Neill, Priyank Chandra, Cyprien Semushi","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738020","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the role of mobile devices in access to social, economic, and architectural spaces and resources by people with vision impairments in two urban agglomerations in Rwanda and Malawi using a survey and open-ended interviews. We discuss ways in which the intersection of gender and disability distinguishes the ways men and women experience access in their respective societies.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132040530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper as a medium persists as the de facto standard for information collection, storage, and transfer in many low-resource developing contexts. Of these contexts, the microfinance industry continues to be fascinating in the ongoing ICTD conversation due, in part, to its elimination of paper by digitizing money transfers using mobile banking. This success invites scholars, designers, and industry practitioners to design technology solutions to eliminate the perceived inefficiencies of paper in microfinance and other industries. In this work, we take a step back to assess the role and value of paper in order to give designers pause when considering a blanket digitization of existing processes, norms, and transactions. Specifically, we study a microfinance ecosystem in the city of Tema in Ghana and find that paper passbooks are able to deliver valuable context-specific information to its owners that derive from the specific affordances of paper itself. Our findings encourage a more nuanced view of paper's place in microfinance, and consequently, in similar low-resource settings.
{"title":"The persistence of paper: a case study in microfinance from Ghana","authors":"Ishita Ghosh, Jay Chen, Joy Ming, A. Abouzeid","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738029","url":null,"abstract":"Paper as a medium persists as the de facto standard for information collection, storage, and transfer in many low-resource developing contexts. Of these contexts, the microfinance industry continues to be fascinating in the ongoing ICTD conversation due, in part, to its elimination of paper by digitizing money transfers using mobile banking. This success invites scholars, designers, and industry practitioners to design technology solutions to eliminate the perceived inefficiencies of paper in microfinance and other industries. In this work, we take a step back to assess the role and value of paper in order to give designers pause when considering a blanket digitization of existing processes, norms, and transactions. Specifically, we study a microfinance ecosystem in the city of Tema in Ghana and find that paper passbooks are able to deliver valuable context-specific information to its owners that derive from the specific affordances of paper itself. Our findings encourage a more nuanced view of paper's place in microfinance, and consequently, in similar low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122969359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present preliminary research leading to a prototype for Sada Vehra, an online resource for crowdsourcing Punjabi language content. We argue that languages less represented online benefit from crowdsourced volunteer-contributed translation, and present some challenges around effective crowdsourced non-expert translations. These include interface challenges around handoffs and ownership, language-specific challenges such as nuance and standardization, and infrastructure-specific challenges such as bandwidth and media quality.
{"title":"Sada Vehra: a framework for crowdsourcing Punjabi language content","authors":"Jasmine Hentschel, J. Pal","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737901","url":null,"abstract":"We present preliminary research leading to a prototype for Sada Vehra, an online resource for crowdsourcing Punjabi language content. We argue that languages less represented online benefit from crowdsourced volunteer-contributed translation, and present some challenges around effective crowdsourced non-expert translations. These include interface challenges around handoffs and ownership, language-specific challenges such as nuance and standardization, and infrastructure-specific challenges such as bandwidth and media quality.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128007453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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