Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03510-3
Jing Ba, Zhijiang Ai, José M. Carcione, Mengqiang Pang, Xinfei Yan, Xiao Chen
The complex seismic responses of heterogeneous reservoirs can be related to the fabric structure, pore/microcrack shape, mineral composition and fluid distribution of the rock in situ. The pore structure refers to the geometric shape, size, spatial distribution and interconnectedness of pores, microcracks and throats. It is closely related to the storage space of reservoirs and the spatial distribution of oil/gas. Understanding the pore structure is crucial for the development of processes to increase oil/gas production capacity. Six dolomite samples from the Gaoshiti-Moxi Longwangmiao Formation are sorted out for measurements, and the ultrasonic and seismic attenuation are determined by using the spectral ratio method and the enhanced frequency shift method, respectively. When predicting the pore structure, we assume that the aspect ratio and volume fraction of pores and microcracks correspond to a normal distribution. On this basis, a model with the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average (VRH), differential effective medium (DEM) theory and infinituple-porosity media (IPM) theory is proposed. The acoustic wave responses in terms of reservoir porosity and standard deviation of normal distribution are analyzed, and multiscale 3D rock physics templates (RPT) are created. The calibrations of the templates are performed with the ultrasonic and seismic data, and then the templates are applied to the field data. The results show that the estimated porosity and pore structure (corresponding to the mean aspect ratio and standard deviation of a normal distribution, respectively) are in substantial agreement with the log data and the actual gas production results.
{"title":"Estimation of Pore Structure for Heterogeneous Reservoirs Based on the Theory of Differential Poroelasticity","authors":"Jing Ba, Zhijiang Ai, José M. Carcione, Mengqiang Pang, Xinfei Yan, Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03510-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03510-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complex seismic responses of heterogeneous reservoirs can be related to the fabric structure, pore/microcrack shape, mineral composition and fluid distribution of the rock in situ. The pore structure refers to the geometric shape, size, spatial distribution and interconnectedness of pores, microcracks and throats. It is closely related to the storage space of reservoirs and the spatial distribution of oil/gas. Understanding the pore structure is crucial for the development of processes to increase oil/gas production capacity. Six dolomite samples from the Gaoshiti-Moxi Longwangmiao Formation are sorted out for measurements, and the ultrasonic and seismic attenuation are determined by using the spectral ratio method and the enhanced frequency shift method, respectively. When predicting the pore structure, we assume that the aspect ratio and volume fraction of pores and microcracks correspond to a normal distribution. On this basis, a model with the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average (VRH), differential effective medium (DEM) theory and infinituple-porosity media (IPM) theory is proposed. The acoustic wave responses in terms of reservoir porosity and standard deviation of normal distribution are analyzed, and multiscale 3D rock physics templates (RPT) are created. The calibrations of the templates are performed with the ultrasonic and seismic data, and then the templates are applied to the field data. The results show that the estimated porosity and pore structure (corresponding to the mean aspect ratio and standard deviation of a normal distribution, respectively) are in substantial agreement with the log data and the actual gas production results.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w
Deen Mani Lal, Nandivada Umakanth
The association of lightning yield per vertical column aerosol of unit cross section (AOD) with relative humidity and rainfall has been investigated using surface observation as well as satellite data for the south-east Indian peninsula, especially Hyderabad and adjacent areas, from 2019 to 2022. For a healthy finding, the study domain area has been separated into three sub-regions: Region R1 (Lat: 17.7–19.5; Lon: 78.5–84.5); R2 (Lat: 15.1–17.5; Lon: 76–80.1); and R3 (Lat: 12.5–15; Lon: 76–80.1). During the investigation, uneven relationship between aerosol and lightning has been found. The relationship between them increases with decreasing latitude (moving towards the south). It has also been found that the yield of lightning per AOD, cloud per AOD, and rainfall increases when relative humidity increases. However, lightning per rainfall is non-linearly associated with relative humidity. Most of the clouds in region R2 have lightning, with or without rain. A regression equation has been investigated that successfully captures the lightning that occurred in the regions R1 and R2.
{"title":"Lightning Association with Aerosol and Relative Humidity Over Andhra Pradesh and Adjacent Area in Southeast India: A General Prospection","authors":"Deen Mani Lal, Nandivada Umakanth","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The association of lightning yield per vertical column aerosol of unit cross section (AOD) with relative humidity and rainfall has been investigated using surface observation as well as satellite data for the south-east Indian peninsula, especially Hyderabad and adjacent areas, from 2019 to 2022. For a healthy finding, the study domain area has been separated into three sub-regions: Region R1 (Lat: 17.7–19.5; Lon: 78.5–84.5); R2 (Lat: 15.1–17.5; Lon: 76–80.1); and R3 (Lat: 12.5–15; Lon: 76–80.1). During the investigation, uneven relationship between aerosol and lightning has been found. The relationship between them increases with decreasing latitude (moving towards the south). It has also been found that the yield of lightning per AOD, cloud per AOD, and rainfall increases when relative humidity increases. However, lightning per rainfall is non-linearly associated with relative humidity. Most of the clouds in region R2 have lightning, with or without rain. A regression equation has been investigated that successfully captures the lightning that occurred in the regions R1 and R2.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0
A. Lethy, U. Massoud, Hany S.A. Mesbah, Abbas Mohamed Abbas, Said M. Said
{"title":"Characterization of a Buried Quarry by Historical Analysis of Satellite Images Integrated with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, East Cairo area, Egypt","authors":"A. Lethy, U. Massoud, Hany S.A. Mesbah, Abbas Mohamed Abbas, Said M. Said","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03489-x
Pranshu Adhikari, Emily M. Gordon, Khiloni A. Shah, P. Eslinger, Harry S. Miley, Theodore W. Bowyer, Derek A. Haas
{"title":"Quantifying the Potential of Argon Detection Capabilities for Nuclear Explosion Monitoring","authors":"Pranshu Adhikari, Emily M. Gordon, Khiloni A. Shah, P. Eslinger, Harry S. Miley, Theodore W. Bowyer, Derek A. Haas","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03489-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03489-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03493-1
Leonard Klaus, M. Schwardt, C. Pilger, Adrien Canu, Franck Larsonnier, Jacob Holm Winther, Nicolas Tranchant, Andreas Havreland
{"title":"Linking Seismic Measurements to the International System of Units","authors":"Leonard Klaus, M. Schwardt, C. Pilger, Adrien Canu, Franck Larsonnier, Jacob Holm Winther, Nicolas Tranchant, Andreas Havreland","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03493-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03493-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y
Zahra Zarunizadeh, Khalil Motaghi, Habib Rahimi
We analyzed 872 local earthquakes recorded by 18 seismic stations to estimate P-, S-, and coda-wave quality factors for NW Iran, an active seismic and geothermal region in the central part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny in western Asia. The calculated frequency-dependent attenuation relations are as follows: Qp = 38 ± 2 f1.00±0.07, Qs = 79 ± 2 f0.90±0.17, and Qc = 64 ± 1 f0.86±0.18 (for a lapse time window length of 50 s). The depth variations of Qc were investigated by estimating Qc at five lapse time windows ranging from 30 to 70 s. The Analysis of Qc in sub-regions surrounding Sahand volcano, Sabalan volcano, and Talesh Mountains indicates that Qc is increasing with the increase of the lapse times. However, the Qc values estimated in the areas surrounding the volcanoes are generally lower than those of the Talesh Mountains, confirming a lithospheric contrast between the warm and weak lithosphere of NW Iran and the more rigid South Caspian Basin lithosphere located beneath the Talesh Mountains. The average Qs/Qp ratio in NW Iran is > 1.6 at all frequencies, likely due to a high degree of heterogeneities and thermal activities in the crust.
伊朗西北部位于亚洲西部阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅造山运动的中部,是一个地震和地热活跃的地区,我们分析了 18 个地震台记录的 872 次当地地震,估算出伊朗西北部的 P 波、S 波和尾波质量因子。计算得出的频率衰减关系如下:Qp = 38 ± 2 f 1.00±0.07,Qs = 79 ± 2 f 0.90±0.17,Qc = 64 ± 1 f 0.86±0.18(时间窗口长度为 50 秒)。萨罕德火山、萨巴兰火山和塔雷什山周围子区域的 Qc 分析表明,Qc 随时间推移而增加。然而,火山周围地区估计的 Qc 值普遍低于塔雷什山脉的 Qc 值,这证实了伊朗西北部温暖而薄弱的岩石圈与位于塔雷什山脉下更加坚硬的南里海盆地岩石圈之间的岩石圈对比。在所有频率下,伊朗西北部的平均 Qs/Qp 比率为 1.6,这可能是由于地壳的高度异质性和热活动造成的。
{"title":"Attenuation of High-Frequency Seismic Waves in NW Iran","authors":"Zahra Zarunizadeh, Khalil Motaghi, Habib Rahimi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyzed 872 local earthquakes recorded by 18 seismic stations to estimate P-, S-, and coda-wave quality factors for NW Iran, an active seismic and geothermal region in the central part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny in western Asia. The calculated frequency-dependent attenuation relations are as follows: <i>Q</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> = 38 ± 2 <i>f</i> <sup>1.00±0.07</sup>, <i>Q</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> = 79 ± 2 <i>f</i> <sup>0.90±0.17</sup>, and <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 64 ± 1 <i>f</i> <sup>0.86±0.18</sup> (for a lapse time window length of 50 s). The depth variations of <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> were investigated by estimating <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> at five lapse time windows ranging from 30 to 70 s. The Analysis of <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> in sub-regions surrounding Sahand volcano, Sabalan volcano, and Talesh Mountains indicates that <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> is increasing with the increase of the lapse times. However, the <i>Q</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> values estimated in the areas surrounding the volcanoes are generally lower than those of the Talesh Mountains, confirming a lithospheric contrast between the warm and weak lithosphere of NW Iran and the more rigid South Caspian Basin lithosphere located beneath the Talesh Mountains. The average <i>Q</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>/<i>Q</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> ratio in NW Iran is > 1.6 at all frequencies, likely due to a high degree of heterogeneities and thermal activities in the crust.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9
V. Kartal, Muhammet Emin Emiroglu
{"title":"Hydrological Drought and Trend Analysis in Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak and Sakarya Basins","authors":"V. Kartal, Muhammet Emin Emiroglu","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x
Javed Akhter, Riddhima Biswas, Lalu Das, Subrata Kumar Midya
The rise of extreme heat events and increase in heat stress under changing climate has been a major concern in recent periods. The present study has been undertaken to analyze temperature extremes and heat stress patterns over Eastern India during the period 1981–2020 for April, May, and June (AMJ). Six indices namely, Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), Monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), Monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn), Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), Percentage of days when maximum temperature > 90th percentile (TX90p) and minimum temperature > 90th percentile (TN90p) have been utilized to assess the changes in temperature extremes. Furthermore, three heat stress indices (HSIs) namely, Humidex, Simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Apparent Temperature have been used to estimate and categorize heat stress levels. Mixed results with both increasing and decreasing trends over different parts of the study area have been observed during three months in case of TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn. During AMJ, there has been amplification in the frequency of TX90p over coastal regions of West Bengal and Odisha in latest decades. Increasing TN90p frequency has been found over Sikkim, Bihar, and North Bengal while it has decreased over Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The frequency of strong heat stress has intensified over Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar during recent decades. Spatial coverage of strong stress has also gradually extended and the area under no stress has decreased during AMJ season.
{"title":"Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress over Eastern India","authors":"Javed Akhter, Riddhima Biswas, Lalu Das, Subrata Kumar Midya","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rise of extreme heat events and increase in heat stress under changing climate has been a major concern in recent periods. The present study has been undertaken to analyze temperature extremes and heat stress patterns over Eastern India during the period 1981–2020 for April, May, and June (AMJ). Six indices namely, Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), Monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), Monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn), Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), Percentage of days when maximum temperature > 90th percentile (TX90p) and minimum temperature > 90th percentile (TN90p) have been utilized to assess the changes in temperature extremes. Furthermore, three heat stress indices (HSIs) namely, Humidex, Simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Apparent Temperature have been used to estimate and categorize heat stress levels. Mixed results with both increasing and decreasing trends over different parts of the study area have been observed during three months in case of TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn. During AMJ, there has been amplification in the frequency of TX90p over coastal regions of West Bengal and Odisha in latest decades. Increasing TN90p frequency has been found over Sikkim, Bihar, and North Bengal while it has decreased over Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The frequency of strong heat stress has intensified over Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar during recent decades. Spatial coverage of strong stress has also gradually extended and the area under no stress has decreased during AMJ season.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03450-y
Hui Liu, Jing Yu, Jian Song
This study explores the effect of submesoscale topography on baroclinic instability under the quadric shear basic zonal flow is discussed. On the beta plane approximation, the quasi-geostrophic model is used for numerical simulation, and the multiscale model to discuss and verify this problem. A multiscale framework is used to explain the interaction between mesoscale eddies, submesoscale variability, and topographic effects. The multiscale method makes it possible to express the dynamic characteristics of the governing equations with a set of closed systems containing only mesoscale variables. It is found that the interaction between submesoscale topography and baroclinic instability affects some characteristics of mesoscale variability, such as promoting the formation of mesoscale eddies.
{"title":"Effect of Submesoscale Topography on Baroclinic Instability Under the Quadric Shear Basic Zonal Flow","authors":"Hui Liu, Jing Yu, Jian Song","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03450-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03450-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the effect of submesoscale topography on baroclinic instability under the quadric shear basic zonal flow is discussed. On the beta plane approximation, the quasi-geostrophic model is used for numerical simulation, and the multiscale model to discuss and verify this problem. A multiscale framework is used to explain the interaction between mesoscale eddies, submesoscale variability, and topographic effects. The multiscale method makes it possible to express the dynamic characteristics of the governing equations with a set of closed systems containing only mesoscale variables. It is found that the interaction between submesoscale topography and baroclinic instability affects some characteristics of mesoscale variability, such as promoting the formation of mesoscale eddies.</p><p>and the energy and momentum transport of eddies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3
Andreas Steinberg, Peter Gaebler, Gernot Hartmann, Johanna Lehr, Christoph Pilger
We test a deep learning based denoising autoencoder algorithm on regional and teleseismic seismological and hydroacoustic datasets, which we compile from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. We focus on stations which can be relevant to investigate North Korean nuclear tests. Denoising of waveform records using autoencoder techniques potentially enables improved signal detection and processing due to lowered signal-to-noise ratios. We train and compare the performance of several different denoising autoencoder models, for short- and long waveform periods, trained on the complete station network as well as on individual stations. We investigate if the denoised waveform signals are useful for seismic source analysis and if they can still be reliably used in downstream analysis for further inferences on the seismic source type, i.e. seismic moment tensor analysis. The declared North Korean nuclear tests are a suitable benchmark test set, as they have extensively been researched and their source type and location might be assumed known. Verification of the source type is of particular interest for potential nuclear tests under international law. We find that care needs to be taken using the denoised waveform data, as a slight bias is introduced in the seismic moment tensor analysis. However we also find promising results hinting at possible future use of the technique for standard analyses, as it improves the investigation of smaller events. Autoencoder based denoising techniques could be employed in future routine frameworks to increase earthquake catalog completeness and possibly aid in detecting smaller potential treaty relevant events.
{"title":"Deep Neural Networks Based Denoising of Regional Seismic Waveforms and Impact on Analysis of North Korean Nuclear Tests","authors":"Andreas Steinberg, Peter Gaebler, Gernot Hartmann, Johanna Lehr, Christoph Pilger","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We test a deep learning based denoising autoencoder algorithm on regional and teleseismic seismological and hydroacoustic datasets, which we compile from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. We focus on stations which can be relevant to investigate North Korean nuclear tests. Denoising of waveform records using autoencoder techniques potentially enables improved signal detection and processing due to lowered signal-to-noise ratios. We train and compare the performance of several different denoising autoencoder models, for short- and long waveform periods, trained on the complete station network as well as on individual stations. We investigate if the denoised waveform signals are useful for seismic source analysis and if they can still be reliably used in downstream analysis for further inferences on the seismic source type, i.e. seismic moment tensor analysis. The declared North Korean nuclear tests are a suitable benchmark test set, as they have extensively been researched and their source type and location might be assumed known. Verification of the source type is of particular interest for potential nuclear tests under international law. We find that care needs to be taken using the denoised waveform data, as a slight bias is introduced in the seismic moment tensor analysis. However we also find promising results hinting at possible future use of the technique for standard analyses, as it improves the investigation of smaller events. Autoencoder based denoising techniques could be employed in future routine frameworks to increase earthquake catalog completeness and possibly aid in detecting smaller potential treaty relevant events.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}