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Analyzing Current Trends of Education Development 分析当前的教育发展趋势
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-178-186
A. S. Kanukoev
The article studies current trends of education development with due regard to national goals of state and the necessity to ensure technological sovereignty in conditions of sanctions and restrictions. The author pointed to serious personnel training needed in different industries of economy, including machine-building, bio-technologies, industrial ecology, computing machinery, etc. In circumstances of continuous competition and necessity to develop our own industry and advanced technologies we need personnel with professional and personal competences, who can resolve different professional problems in an operative way. Training of such personnel requires transformation of education processes, introduction of advanced education tools and practices and provision of high-quality training, irrespective of conditions in the environment of work. The author underlines that modernization of education processes and technologies could allow us to create a comfortable format of training, where off-line study can provide personal communication and net-working and on-line study – possibility to take practice in different places at the moment of training.
文章研究了当前教育发展的趋势,适当考虑了国家目标以及在制裁和限制条件下确保技术主权的必要性。作者指出了不同经济产业(包括机械制造、生物技术、工业生态学、计算机械等)所需的严肃的人才培养。在持续竞争和必须发展本国工业和先进技术的情况下,我们需要具备专业能力和个人能力的人才,他们能以实用的方式解决不同的专业问题。要培养这样的人才,就必须改变教育过程,引进先进的教育工具和做法,并提供高质量的培训,而不论工作环境条件如何。作者强调,教育过程和技术的现代化可以让我们创造一种舒适的培训形式,在这种形式下,离线学习可以提供个人交流和网络工作,而在线学习--可以在培训的同时在不同的地方进行实践。
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引用次数: 0
Counteraction of Russian Finance Market Against External Sanctions Pressure 俄罗斯金融市场抵御外部制裁压力的对策
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-117-124
A. Bolvachev, A. Zamalov
The article shows the impact of external economic sanctions on the Russian financial market. Special attention is paid to the currency, commodity and derivative markets of the Moscow Stock Exchange. The main focus of the work is the analysis of changes in market dynamics and pricing under the influence of political and economic constraints. Methodologically, the study is based on a comprehensive analysis of trade session data, including statistical processing and modeling of market reactions. The use of actual analytical methods made it possible to identify nonlinear dependencies and hidden patterns of behavior of market participants. The results of the study demonstrate that sanctions have had a significant impact on volatility, liquidity and market structure. The authors show the influence of political factors on financial instruments in a crisis, as well as develop new methodological approaches to analyzing financial market data. The results of the work can be used to coordinate trading strategies, develop market regulation policies and assess risks in conditions of political instability. The study also provides a basis for further analysis of the consequences of economic sanctions and the development of strategies to adapt to changing market conditions.
文章介绍了外部经济制裁对俄罗斯金融市场的影响。文章特别关注莫斯科证券交易所的货币、商品和衍生品市场。工作的重点是分析政治和经济制约因素影响下市场动态和定价的变化。在方法上,研究基于对交易时段数据的综合分析,包括市场反应的统计处理和建模。实际分析方法的使用使得识别市场参与者的非线性依赖关系和隐藏行为模式成为可能。研究结果表明,制裁对波动性、流动性和市场结构产生了重大影响。作者展示了危机中政治因素对金融工具的影响,并开发了分析金融市场数据的新方法。研究成果可用于协调交易策略、制定市场监管政策和评估政治不稳定条件下的风险。这项研究还为进一步分析经济制裁的后果和制定适应不断变化的市场条件的战略提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The Use of Project Management to Provide Technological Sovereig 利用项目管理提供技术自主权
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-167-177
O. Sysoeva, A. V. Vasina
The most important factors, which stipulate the development of any state, are the level of technological independence and availability of sustainable competitive advantages in innovation sphere. Achievement of technological sovereignty in the Russian Federation is a priority task, whose topicality in conditions of unprecedented sanctions pressure is self-evident. In the research the authors analyzed works by home and overseas experts in the field of technological sovereignty and described the problem of possible damage to ecology and human life in the process of developing the technological sphere. Proceed from it the authors put forward an assumption about the necessity of complex approach to reaching the level of critical and end-to-end technologies with regard to goals of sustainable development on the basis of project management. Findings of the research show that there is a certain mutual conformity of goals of sustainable development and national projects being implemented. However, today we have not got projects, whose goals combine achievements of technological independence and principles of sustainable development of the country. The article provides a conceptual scheme of project management use elaborated by the authors. Academic novelty of the scheme is demonstrated by complementarity of specific goals of technological sovereignty and principles of sustainable development.
决定任何国家发展的最重要因素是技术独立水平和在创新领域的可持续竞争优势。在俄罗斯联邦实现技术主权是一项优先任务,在面临前所未有的制裁压力的情况下,其现实意义不言而喻。在研究中,作者分析了国内外专家在技术主权领域的著作,阐述了在技术领域发展过程中可能对生态和人类生活造成损害的问题。由此,作者提出了一个假设,即有必要在项目管理的基础上,采用复杂的方法来达到与可持续发展目标相关的关键技术和终端技术水平。研究结果表明,可持续发展目标与正在实施的国家项目之间存在一定的相互一致性。然而,今天我们还没有将技术独立和国家可持续发展原则结合起来的项目。文章提供了作者阐述的项目管理使用概念方案。该方案的学术新颖性体现在技术主权的具体目标与可持续发展原则的互补性上。
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引用次数: 0
Principles of HR Strategic Management in Innovation Entrepreneurial Structures 创新创业结构中的人力资源战略管理原理
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-159-166
Z. K. Samaibekova
In innovation entrepreneurial structures, where dynamism and continuous changes become everyday factors HR strategic management plays a key role in reaching success. Elaboration and effective implementation of strategies in HR management require observance of several fundamental principles. The article studies principles of HR strategic management in innovation business structures, which build the basis of successful strategic management in innovation development, where efficiency of HR management becomes a key factor for attaining goals and maintaining competitiveness. The author pointed out to the importance of adaptation and flexibility in HR management so that the innovation business structure could respond quickly to changes in market environment and technological trends. At the same time the author also highlighted such aspects as orientation to employees’ development, leadership strengthening, motivation of creative thinking and team-building that can introduce innovation. Efficient HR management can serve as a catalyst for elaboration, development and sustainable introduction of innovation in entrepreneurial structures.
在创新型企业结构中,动态和持续变化成为日常因素,人力资源战略管理在取得成功方面发挥着关键作用。人力资源管理战略的制定和有效实施需要遵守几项基本原则。文章研究了创新型企业结构中的人力资源战略管理原则,这些原则为创新发展中的成功战略管理奠定了基础,其中人力资源管理的效率成为实现目标和保持竞争力的关键因素。作者指出了人力资源管理的适应性和灵活性的重要性,这样创新型企业结构才能对市场环境和技术趋势的变化做出快速反应。与此同时,作者还强调了员工发展导向、加强领导力、激发创造性思维和团队建设等方面,这些都可以引入创新。高效的人力资源管理可以成为企业结构创新的制定、发展和可持续引进的催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Opportunities and Prospects of Developing Tourist Industry Infrastructure in the Republic of Altay on the Basis of State-Private Partnership 阿勒泰共和国在国私合作基础上发展旅游产业基础设施的机遇与前景
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-104-116
M. I. Razuvaeva
The research deals with planning and developing tourist industry in the Republic of Altay on the basis of mechanisms of state-private partnership oriented to building the necessary tourist infrastructure in the region. In the research the author analyzed trends in developing the system of academic views and regulatory control of stateprivate partnership in the Russian Federation and systematized key forms of direct and indirect participation of state in the face of bodies of state governance and regional levels in implementation of investment projects with cornerstone impact on social and economic and technological development of territories. The author checked tourist potential of the Republic of Altay and sufficiency of tourist infrastructure units in the region according to strategy of social and economic development of the region. Apart from that, the article identified technological and operation features of building and using different units of tourist infrastructure in the region and worked out recommendations aimed at application of concrete forms and methods of state-private partnership in order to ensure the complex development of tourist infrastructure in the Republic of Altay. Findings of the research can be used for elaboration and realization of the Republic of Altay policy aimed at tourism development in the region.
该研究涉及在阿勒泰地区建立必要旅游基础设施的国私合作机制基础上规划和发展旅游产业的问题。在研究中,作者分析了俄罗斯联邦国家-私人伙伴关系的学术观点和管理控制体系的发展趋势,并系统分析了国家直接和间接参与国家管理机构和地区层面实施投资项目的主要形式,这些投资项目对地区的社会、经济和技术发展具有重要影响。作者根据阿勒泰地区社会经济发展战略,考察了阿勒泰地区的旅游潜力和旅游基础设施的充足性。此外,文章还确定了该地区建设和使用不同旅游基础设施的技术和运作特点,并提出了旨在应用具体形式和方法的国家-私人伙伴关系的建议,以确保阿勒泰共和国旅游基础设施的综合发展。研究结果可用于制定和实施阿勒泰地区旅游发展政策。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in Russia in Conditions of Global Crisis 在全球危机条件下规范俄罗斯有色冶金企业的对外经济活动
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-87-94
Ya. A. Kalitskiy
Non-ferrous metallurgy, as one of principle industries of Russian economy, since the beginning of the global geopolitical crisis has been facing a number of serious problems, including distribution restrictions. In such circumstances iron and steel companies need state support. To develop foreign economic activity business requires not only fast re-orientation to new markets but also thorough help. In case of situation deterioration direct regulation of foreign economic activity of producers will become important. In view of this setting-up of a specialized agency, which could supervise foreign economic activity of the most important industries and support key enterprises can be useful. Its functions can include talks and contract operations and compensations for companies with short-received profits under their contracts. In such cases key factors affecting the amount of compensation shall be taken into account. The author proposed a formula, which can help estimations made by the agency.
有色金属冶金业是俄罗斯经济的支柱产业之一,自全球地缘政治危机爆发以来一直面临着一系列严重问题,包括分配限制。在这种情况下,钢铁企业需要国家的支持。为了发展对外经济活动,企业不仅需要快速调整方向以适应新的市场,还需要全面的帮助。在形势恶化的情况下,直接监管生产商的对外经济活动将变得非常重要。有鉴于此,建立一个专门机构,负责监督最重要行业的对外经济活动,并为关键企业提供支持,可能会有所帮助。该机构的职能可以包括谈判和合同业务,以及对合同规定的利润不足的公司进行补偿。在这种情况下,应考虑影响补偿金额的关键因素。作者提出了一个公式,可以帮助该机构进行估算。
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引用次数: 0
Management in Education: Competitiveness and Above-Professional Approach 教育管理:竞争力和超越专业的方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-63-72
E. V. Aleksandrova, R. A. Iskandaryan, D. M. Mayakov
To study the whole range of problems that should be resolved in the process of innovation management in education it is necessary to realize that teaching is flexible, supple and requires continuous research. The goal of the article is to corroborate rightness of theoretical vectors by permanently changing practice. Theoretical and methodological foundation of the step-by-step research presented in the article is formed by principles of economic and comparative analysis, methods of induction and deduction and finally the method of archive search. The authors proposed an innovation approach to achievements in the field of education and showed the efficiency of Russian experience of well-known economists and experts in economics, psychology and sociology.
要研究教育创新管理过程中应解决的所有问题,就必须认识到教学是灵活的、柔性的,需要不断研究。文章的目标是通过不断改变实践来证实理论载体的正确性。经济分析和比较分析的原则、归纳和演绎的方法以及档案搜索的方法构成了文章中逐步研究的理论和方法论基础。作者提出了在教育领域取得成就的创新方法,并展示了俄罗斯著名经济学家以及经济学、心理学和社会学专家经验的效率。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Meta-Universes on Business Development in Digital Economy 元大学对数字经济中企业发展的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-5-14
S. V. Panasenko, D. V. Fedyunin, I. A. Star
The article systematizes approaches to the definition of meta-universe essence as multi-dimensional spaces, which integrate multitude of virtual words, where digital copies of the real world (including business) are made, where participants can interact with each other and with surrounding objects. It was found out that meta-universes form a key trend in economy development in Russia in general and its certain branches and industries, which could foster productivity improvement and business-process optimization in the digital world. The authors analyzed examples of mixed reality (VR/AR-technologies), blockchain and crypto-currencies in Russia and abroad. Factors affecting the development of meta-universes, such as normative and legal, economic, technological, social were identified. The article enumerates risks and restrictions connected with the development of meta-universe technologies: cyberthreats and risks of big data protection, risks of the absence of common cash unit in meta-universes or rules of converting exchange means in meta-universes in usual exchange means, complexity of financing of developing technological projects due to prolonged market entering, insufficient number of experts in the field of virtual, augmented and mixed reality, blockchain, crypto-currencies, etc. The authors identified specific impact of metauniverses on the development of business in the digital environment (in virtual multi-dimensional spaces of metauniverses the pass-over to new economy of impressions speeds up and new possibilities for distance interaction are formed, the format of training and developing employees is transformed, digital doubles are built by developing accurate virtual copies of business-organizations and others). Final conclusions and recommendations were formulated concerning the necessity of taking into account the impact of normative and legal, economic, technological and social factors on business development in virtual spaces in meta-universes, as well as effective and potential threats and hazards connected with the development of economic activity in virtual spaces in order to realize potential of business in the field of new technological phenomenon of meta-universes.
文章对元宇宙本质的定义方法进行了系统化,元宇宙本质是多维空间,它整合了大量的虚拟词汇,在这里可以制作现实世界(包括商业)的数字副本,参与者可以在这里彼此互动并与周围的物体互动。研究发现,元宇宙是俄罗斯整体经济发展的一个重要趋势,其某些分支和行业可以在数字世界中促进生产力的提高和业务流程的优化。作者分析了俄罗斯国内外混合现实(VR/AR 技术)、区块链和加密货币的实例。确定了影响元宇宙发展的因素,如规范和法律、经济、技术、社会等。文章列举了与元宇宙技术发展相关的风险和限制:网络威胁和大数据保护风险,元宇宙中缺乏通用现金单位的风险或将元宇宙中的交换手段转换为普通交换手段的规则,由于长期进入市场导致技术项目开发融资的复杂性,虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实、区块链、加密货币领域专家数量不足等。作者确定了元宇宙对数字环境中企业发展的具体影响(在元宇宙的虚拟多维空间中,向新印象经济的过渡加快,形成了远程互动的新可能性,培训和培养员工的形式发生了变化,通过开发企业组织的精确虚拟副本建立了数字加倍等)。最后提出的结论和建议涉及必须考虑规范和法律、经济、技术和社会因素对元大学虚拟空间商业发展的影响,以及与虚拟空间经济活动发展有关的有效和潜在威胁和危害,以实现元大学新技术现象领域的商业潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches and Methods of Optimazing Long-Term Strategy of Pulling Projects of Nuclear Legacy out of Operation 优化核电遗留项目退出运行长期战略的途径和方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-36-47
D. F. Ilyasov
The article studies a new approach to shaping possible variants of long-term strategies of pulling projects of nuclear legacy out of operation, which is based on optimization with criteria on min costs and restrictions on resources, radioactive risks and duration of the implementation period. The author put forward different variants of criteria and restrictions of strategy of pulling projects of nuclear legacy out of operation. Methods of resolving the task of optimization were studied that are based on principles of dynamic programming and an example of getting a solution was demonstrated. Benefits and drawbacks of the approach were discussed in comparison with accepted in global and Russian practice methods of prioritization of the procedure of pulling projects out of operation. The article analyzed prospects of using the proposed approach for the development of long-term road map aimed at settling problems of nuclear legacy in the Russian Federation.
文章研究了一种新的方法,以制定使核遗留项目退出运行的长期战略的可能变体,其基础是以最低成本和资源限制、放射性风险和实施期限为标准的优化。作者提出了使核遗留项目退出运行的战略标准和限制的不同变体。研究了基于动态编程原则的优化任务解决方法,并演示了获得解决方案的实例。在与全球和俄罗斯公认的确定项目退出运行程序优先次序的方法进行比较时,讨论了该方法的优点和缺点。文章分析了使用拟议方法制定旨在解决俄罗斯联邦核遗留问题的长期路线图的前景。
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引用次数: 0
The Review of Methods for Analyzing Economic Sanction Effectiveness and Their Adaptation to Assessing the Impact on Russia in New Information Context 经济制裁效果分析方法及其在新信息背景下评估对俄罗斯影响的适应性审查
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-48-62
A. Chernykh
The article provides a complex review of methods, which can be used to assess efficiency of anti-Russian economic sanctions focusing on problems and opportunities dealing with their application. The relevant global experience and experience of Russia in 2014-2021 were used to resolve problems of sanction classification and the idea of sanction effectiveness, as well as assessing sanction impact on economy and certain markets of target-countries, for example Russia. Apart from identifying negative aftereffects of sanctions, positive consequences were also shown. In 2022 the situation drastically changed due to unprecedented harsh economic sanctions introduced against Russia, which made the use of traditional methods of appraisal impossible. The author described restrictions of using open data, including the access to national indicators and explained why traditional methods can lead to false conclusions. In spite of new challenges for researchers, stock market still provides certain possibilities for assessing sanction impact on Russian economy.
文章对可用于评估反俄经济制裁效率的方法进行了综合评述,重点关注制裁实施过程中的问题和机遇。文章利用相关的全球经验和俄罗斯在 2014-2021 年的经验,解决了制裁分类和制裁有效性理念的问题,并评估了制裁对目标国家(如俄罗斯)经济和某些市场的影响。除了确定制裁的负面影响外,还显示了积极的后果。2022 年,由于对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的严厉经济制裁,情况发生了巨大变化,无法使用传统的评估方法。作者介绍了使用开放数据的限制,包括获取国家指标,并解释了为什么传统方法会导致错误结论。尽管研究人员面临新的挑战,但股票市场仍为评估制裁对俄罗斯经济的影响提供了一定的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
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