Psychological Reports最新文献

The Motivation Theory of Role Modeling suggests that role models can serve three functions for role aspirants -being inspirational, behavioral guides, or representing what is possible. To date, however, no measure exists which can distinguish between these functions or test predictions from this theory. In the current investigation, we conducted four studies (total n = 1,448) to develop such a measure and use it to test predictions in first-generation and continuing-generation college students. Consistent with the theory, items describing these three functions could be distinguished in factor analyses, and first-generation students reported lower availability of academic role models serving all three functions. Availability of academic models serving these three functions was related to greater academic achievement and commitment. Support for nuanced predictions from this theory was mixed, however, with associations for the inspirational model scale being the most supported. Inspirational models appeared to indirectly contribute to benefits theorized to result from other functions, possibly because inspiration is a precondition to those benefits. Broadly, the four studies' results support the continued relevance of the theory, develop measures to assess availability of each role model type and support relationships of role model availability's importance for understanding first-generation college students' reduced commitment to academic goals.

Selective exposure (i.e., the general psychological tendency that people have to prefer information that supports what they believe over counterattitudinal information) is problematic because optimal decision-making often requires exposure to counterattitudinal information. Although the consequences of selectivity have been extensively studied, there remains a gap in the literature for how to persuade people to reduce their selectivity. Selective exposure is primarily motivated by defense (maintaining one's current attitude, belief, behavior, or self-concept) or accuracy concerns (having a correct attitude/decision/judgment). Therefore, the present study targeted defense and accuracy motivations through the use of theory-informed intervention messages. 406 participants recruited from an online panel were randomly assigned to read one of six persuasive messages (five experimental, one control) and then were asked to indicate how interested they would be in reading articles about increasing their internet bills (a counterattitudinal topic). Results found that messages explaining why it is good to consider the opposite, and why looking at counterattitudinal information can enhance one's ability to defend one's views (inoculation) effectively mitigated selective exposure. Therefore, messages based on accuracy and defense were both supported. However, a message asking people to be unbiased did not work. Similarly, the defensive frames based on cognitive dissonance theory were likewise ineffective (cognitive dissonance, and self-affirmation). Implications for next steps are discussed.

This study explored the relationship between person-environment fit (PE-fit), workplace belonging, emotional exhaustion, and depression, with a specific focus on the mediating role of workplace belonging. A sample of 202 French professionals completed validated French-language online-questionnaires assessing these variables. Results supported the hypothesized model. Negative associations were found between PE-fit, workplace belonging, emotional exhaustion, and depression. Mediation analysis confirmed workplace belonging's mediating role between PE-fit and employee depression, as well as emotional exhaustion. This research underscores the significance of workplace belonging in understanding links between person-environment fit, emotional exhaustion, and depression. These findings offer practical insights for organizations aiming to prevent psychological distress by enhancing employees' sense of belonging.

Type D personality, characterized by increased levels of both negative affectivity and social inhibition has been consistently associated with poor psychological wellbeing, with perceived stress and diminished social support often posited as imperative mediating pathways. The current study aimed to (1) examine the association between Type D personality and disordered eating symptomology, (2) identify the potential sequential mediating pathways through social support and perceived stress that may underlie the link between Type D personality and disordered eating, and (3) identify if Type D personality has predictive utility in analyses adjusting for Type D subcomponents (negative affect and social inhibition). A sample of 761 participants (Mage = 19.17, SD = 2.68, ages 18-52) completed measures assessing Type D personality (DS14), social support (ISEL), perceived stress (PSS) and symptoms of disordered eating (EDE-QS). Our findings revealed that Type D personality was associated with increased disordered eating symptomology, and this association was serially mediated through diminished social support and greater perceived stress. Here, Type D personality was associated with reduced social support, which in turn, predicted greater levels of perceived stress, leading to increased disordered eating symptoms. However, after adjusting for the main effects of negative affect and social inhibition, the main effects for Type D personality became non-significant. While these findings suggest potential pathways linking Type D personality to disordered eating, the effects are primarily driven by the social inhibition and negative affect subcomponents.

The primary aim of this study was to provide additional validation for a brief version of the well-documented Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS-7) in an American sample. This study sought to determine if there is a significant association with the strength of one's admiration for a favorite celebrity and (1) a pathological concern for the needs of others (2) symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, (3) and adverse childhood experiences. The CAS-7, the Pathological Concern Questionnaire (PCQ), the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-9), and the Revised Adverse Childhood Experiences scale (R-ACE) were administered to 367 undergraduate students (80.66% women, M_age = 20.26 years, SD = 3.63) from four American institutions. Zero-order correlations indicated that psychological distress and pathological concern were positively associated with both healthy and unhealthy dimensions of celebrity worship. In the path model, psychological distress showed a robust positive association with intense-pathological celebrity worship. Adverse childhood experiences displayed opposing conditional pathways-a small, positive, indirect association via psychological distress and a weak, negative, direct association with intense-pathological celebrity worship-implying a heterogeneous pattern of associations. The findings also provide further support for the validity of the CAS-7 in an American sample.

Symptoms of emotion dysregulation and dissociation are common among people with a history of psychological trauma, and can complicate treatment effectiveness. Phase-based approaches to treatments, which begin with a stabilization and skills phase before moving to trauma-oriented interventions allow for flexible, integrable, and effective approaches that can be applied across various therapeutic modalities and delivery contexts. This narrative review describes empirically supported methods (e.g., Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) for targeting emotion dysregulation within phase-based treatments for trauma and dissociation. The flexibility and efficiency of these approaches can increase access to care (e.g., through telehealth, group formats, and brief interventions) and address current limitations of the mental healthcare system, including provider shortages. This review discusses (1) the current scientific understanding of emotion dysregulation and dissociation secondary to trauma exposure, (2) the range of flexible, evidence-based approaches for treating emotion dysregulation, (3) the translational and practical implications of a phase-based, emotion-regulation-focused treatment for traumatized individuals who experience dissociation, and 4) potential limitations to phase-based approaches including the delaying of trauma processing.

Amputation may disrupt body schema through impairments in attentional mechanisms within the central nervous system. This study examined behavioral performance and low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity in individuals with upper-limb amputations (ULA), lower-limb amputations (LLA), and healthy controls (HC). Participants included six ULA (5 Male, 1 Female), nine LLA (7 Male, 2 Female), and eleven HC (8 Male, 3 Female). During electroencephalography (EEG) recording, participants performed a hand laterality task with stimuli varying in laterality (right vs. left) and angular orientation (0° vs. 180°). EEG was recorded before and after lateralization training. Accuracy was higher for stimuli presented at 0° than at 180° (p < .05), and overall accuracy significantly improved following training (p < .001). ULA exhibited slower reaction times than LLA (p < .05). EEG results showed a greater increase in delta (1.5-3 Hz) power in ULA compared with HC (p < .05). Right-hand stimuli and those presented at 0° modulated delta phase responses (p < .05). Increased theta (4-7 Hz) power and phase responses after training suggest enhanced oscillatory entrainment through attentional engagement (p < .05). Overall, behavioral and electrophysiological findings provide insight into bodily attention mechanisms in amputees and have implications for neurorehabilitation. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples are needed to improve generalizability and clarify underlying mechanisms.

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face more mental health-related problems and a worse quality of life (QoL) than the general population. This research aimed to know the repercussion of a psychosocial healthcare program with PEH using mobile phones. This quasi-experimental study previously and subsequently evaluated interventions with 30 users (Complete Intervention = 23; Partial Intervention = 7) at 3 and 6 months. They periodically attended two municipal shelters for PEH.. At 3 months, those who did the complete intervention presented significant improvements in self-perceived QoL, with this significance moving toward anxiety/depression and responsible alcohol consumption. Those who completed the study indicated a high degree of satisfaction with it and adhered to scheduled appointments. The PEH who adhered to the study obtained a better initial psychosocial evaluation than those who dropped out. Thus, future studies with more participants would clear up doubts about the tendency of the variables that improved in this study. We recommend healthcare professionals to go directly to where PEH are and to set up mobile phone follow-up because PEH's personal conditions do not allow them to go to mental health appointments.

Mothers of children with disabilities often face persistent caregiving demands that elevate psychological distress and may adversely affect spiritual well-being, a key psychological resource related to meaning and life purpose. Drawing on stress and coping frameworks, the present study examined coping through meaning as a longitudinal mediating mechanism linking psychological distress to spiritual well-being among mothers of children with disabilities. Using a semi-longitudinal design, data were collected at two time points separated by three months from a final sample of 343 Turkish mothers of children with disabilities (M age = 34.65, SD = 5.64). A cross-lagged panel model within a structural equation modeling framework was estimated. Psychological distress at Time 1 negatively predicted coping through meaning at Time 2 (β = -.183, p < .01, 95% CI[-.318, -.043]). Coping through meaning at Time 1 positively predicted spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = .277, p < .01, 95% CI[.166, .386]), and psychological distress at Time 1 also showed a direct negative effect on spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = -.129, p < .01, 95% CI[-.244, -.016]). Mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of psychological distress on spiritual well-being via coping with meaning (standardized indirect effect = -.034, 95% CI [-.052, -.010]), indicating partial longitudinal mediation. These findings suggest that psychological distress undermines mothers' ability to engage in meaning-making, which in turn contributes to reduced spiritual well-being over time. The results highlight coping through meaning as a key psychological mechanism and have implications for meaning-centered interventions in psychological counseling and family support programs.

The present study examines the associations between other-oriented perfectionism and individual stress within romantic relationships, focusing on the intervening role of social media use as a relational context. Data were collected through an online survey administered via a snowball sampling procedure to a sample of 455 Italian adults aged 19 to 65 years. Using mediation analyses with relevant demographic and relational covariates (age, gender, relationship duration, education level, and sexual orientation), results indicated that higher levels of other-oriented perfectionism were positively associated with greater social media use. In turn, increased social media use was associated with higher levels of stress within romantic relationships. Other-oriented perfectionism also showed a significant direct association with relationship stress, indicating a pattern consistent with partial mediation. Age and relationship duration were significantly associated with social media use, whereas gender and relationship duration were significantly associated with relationship stress. Education level and sexual orientation were not significantly related to relationship stress. Overall, the findings suggest that social media use represents a relevant contextual process through which perfectionistic tendencies oriented toward the partner are linked to relational stress, highlighting the importance of considering digitally mediated interactions in the study of contemporary romantic relationships.