Psychological Reports最新文献

Amputation may disrupt body schema through impairments in attentional mechanisms within the central nervous system. This study examined behavioral performance and low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity in individuals with upper-limb amputations (ULA), lower-limb amputations (LLA), and healthy controls (HC). Participants included six ULA (5 Male, 1 Female), nine LLA (7 Male, 2 Female), and eleven HC (8 Male, 3 Female). During electroencephalography (EEG) recording, participants performed a hand laterality task with stimuli varying in laterality (right vs. left) and angular orientation (0° vs. 180°). EEG was recorded before and after lateralization training. Accuracy was higher for stimuli presented at 0° than at 180° (p < .05), and overall accuracy significantly improved following training (p < .001). ULA exhibited slower reaction times than LLA (p < .05). EEG results showed a greater increase in delta (1.5-3 Hz) power in ULA compared with HC (p < .05). Right-hand stimuli and those presented at 0° modulated delta phase responses (p < .05). Increased theta (4-7 Hz) power and phase responses after training suggest enhanced oscillatory entrainment through attentional engagement (p < .05). Overall, behavioral and electrophysiological findings provide insight into bodily attention mechanisms in amputees and have implications for neurorehabilitation. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples are needed to improve generalizability and clarify underlying mechanisms.

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face more mental health-related problems and a worse quality of life (QoL) than the general population. This research aimed to know the repercussion of a psychosocial healthcare program with PEH using mobile phones. This quasi-experimental study previously and subsequently evaluated interventions with 30 users (Complete Intervention = 23; Partial Intervention = 7) at 3 and 6 months. They periodically attended two municipal shelters for PEH.. At 3 months, those who did the complete intervention presented significant improvements in self-perceived QoL, with this significance moving toward anxiety/depression and responsible alcohol consumption. Those who completed the study indicated a high degree of satisfaction with it and adhered to scheduled appointments. The PEH who adhered to the study obtained a better initial psychosocial evaluation than those who dropped out. Thus, future studies with more participants would clear up doubts about the tendency of the variables that improved in this study. We recommend healthcare professionals to go directly to where PEH are and to set up mobile phone follow-up because PEH's personal conditions do not allow them to go to mental health appointments.

Mothers of children with disabilities often face persistent caregiving demands that elevate psychological distress and may adversely affect spiritual well-being, a key psychological resource related to meaning and life purpose. Drawing on stress and coping frameworks, the present study examined coping through meaning as a longitudinal mediating mechanism linking psychological distress to spiritual well-being among mothers of children with disabilities. Using a semi-longitudinal design, data were collected at two time points separated by three months from a final sample of 343 Turkish mothers of children with disabilities (M age = 34.65, SD = 5.64). A cross-lagged panel model within a structural equation modeling framework was estimated. Psychological distress at Time 1 negatively predicted coping through meaning at Time 2 (β = -.183, p < .01, 95% CI[-.318, -.043]). Coping through meaning at Time 1 positively predicted spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = .277, p < .01, 95% CI[.166, .386]), and psychological distress at Time 1 also showed a direct negative effect on spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = -.129, p < .01, 95% CI[-.244, -.016]). Mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of psychological distress on spiritual well-being via coping with meaning (standardized indirect effect = -.034, 95% CI [-.052, -.010]), indicating partial longitudinal mediation. These findings suggest that psychological distress undermines mothers' ability to engage in meaning-making, which in turn contributes to reduced spiritual well-being over time. The results highlight coping through meaning as a key psychological mechanism and have implications for meaning-centered interventions in psychological counseling and family support programs.

The present study examines the associations between other-oriented perfectionism and individual stress within romantic relationships, focusing on the intervening role of social media use as a relational context. Data were collected through an online survey administered via a snowball sampling procedure to a sample of 455 Italian adults aged 19 to 65 years. Using mediation analyses with relevant demographic and relational covariates (age, gender, relationship duration, education level, and sexual orientation), results indicated that higher levels of other-oriented perfectionism were positively associated with greater social media use. In turn, increased social media use was associated with higher levels of stress within romantic relationships. Other-oriented perfectionism also showed a significant direct association with relationship stress, indicating a pattern consistent with partial mediation. Age and relationship duration were significantly associated with social media use, whereas gender and relationship duration were significantly associated with relationship stress. Education level and sexual orientation were not significantly related to relationship stress. Overall, the findings suggest that social media use represents a relevant contextual process through which perfectionistic tendencies oriented toward the partner are linked to relational stress, highlighting the importance of considering digitally mediated interactions in the study of contemporary romantic relationships.

This study examines how workplace cyberbullying contributes to employees' belief in organisational conspiracy theories by testing the sequential mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and organisational cynicism. Guided by Conservation of Resources theory, we argue that workplace cyberbullying operates as a resource-depleting interpersonal stressor that drains employees' emotional capacity, giving rise to emotional exhaustion as an immediate affective response. Drawing on Affective Events Theory, we further propose that this exhaustion shapes subsequent cognitive evaluations, predisposing employees toward organisational cynicism - an interpretation grounded in distrust and perceived violation of fairness norms. Consistent with Social Exchange Theory, such cynicism then fosters conspiratorial interpretations of organisational actions, increasing belief in organisational conspiracy theories. Data were collected using a two-wave time-lagged survey of 329 employees in India's information technology sector. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted in AMOS version 26 supported the distinction among the study variables, and serial mediation analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Version 4.3) with bootstrapping for SPSS (Version 26) showed that workplace cyberbullying significantly predicted belief in organisational conspiracy theories both directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion and organisational cynicism. By articulating this affective-cognitive pathway, the findings extend the nomological network of workplace cyberbullying and underscore the importance of addressing cyberbullying to reduce mistrust, cynicism, and conspiracy-based interpretations within organisational settings.

Marital adjustment can be conceptualized as a resource of the family system or a part of the regenerative powers of the family. It is important to investigate marital adjustment as it is a concept that deeply affects the quality of life. In this study, which attempts to explain marital adjustment, regression analysis was performed on the obtained results. The data were examined with correlation analysis and regression analysis. According to the study results, there was a strong positive correlation (r = .76) between marital adjustment and spousal self-efficacy among the predictor and dependent variables. Martial adjustment establishes a high level and significant relationship with spouse self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem solving, gender, marriage duration, having children and the number of children, income level, education status and place of residence. All variables (spousal self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem-solving skills, gender, duration of marriage, having children, number of children, income level, educational status, and place of residence) explain 75% of marital adjustment.

Psychological science is facing an explanatory dead-end because it currently offers interpretations rather than scientific explanations without any way to move from mediators to mechanisms. The long-standing promise has always been that future investigators will transform mediators into mechanisms but this promise remains unfulfilled. The missing mechanism information might be discovered by new empirical methods that have yet to be developed, but presently there is little evidence of this. Another approach is to identify an explanatory narrative that already understands psychology in a way that provides the required causal mechanisms. Connectionist network models with sufficient mechanism information to effectively simulate/emulate psychological phenomena provide this perspective because they explain how psychological processing can take place or is brought about. Previously identified core and corollary connectionist network properties/principles function as psychological mechanisms from this perspective.

This study was conducted to determine phubbing, public speaking anxiety, and the need for social approval among young adults. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The study was completed with 1,063 young adults aged 18-26 from various cities in Turkey. Data were collected using a personal information form, the General Phubbing Scale, the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale, and the Need for Social Approval Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the model explains 39.5% of the variance in public speaking anxiety and is statistically significant (p < 0.001). It has been determined that the level of phubbing is positively and significantly related to public speaking anxiety and the need for social approval. An increase in phubbing scores is associated with an increase in public speaking anxiety and social approval need scores. Furthermore, phubbing explains 14.1% of the variance in social approval need and significantly predicts this variable (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that phubbing behaviour in young adults is associated with public speaking anxiety and the need for social approval. An increase in phubbing negatively impacts both variables. The findings indicate that a decrease in face-to-face communication may have significant effects on the psychological well-being of young adults. Accordingly, it is recommended that young adults engage in social activities and receive information aimed at reducing phubbing.

This study examined whether individual differences in defensive functioning help explain why people endorse conspiracy beliefs. A community sample of 516 adults completed measures of conspiracist ideation, contemporary conspiracy beliefs (CCB), and defense styles. Results showed that higher endorsement of conspiracy beliefs was associated with a more immature style, whereas the mature style showed no association, and the neurotic style yielded small, non-replicated effects. At the single defense mechanism level, splitting emerged as the only replicated predictor of conspiracist ideation. There was also a small education moderation effect, suggesting that contextual variables can shape how defenses relate to conspiracy thinking; these findings are exploratory and require replication. Furthermore, CCB was associated with general conspiracist ideation. Among socio-demographic characteristics, being left-wing and having a higher level of education were associated with lower levels of conspiracy ideation. Taken together, the findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs may, in part, serve defensive functions and that considering a continuum of defense maturity could enrich psychological accounts of conspiracist thinking. Speculative interpretations should be viewed solely as hypotheses and require confirmation in further independent samples.

Sensory impairments in older adulthood are associated with interpersonal struggles, including communication difficulties and lower relationship satisfaction. Using a sample of 139 older Danish couples (aged 60 years and older), we examined the dyadic associations between sensory impairment (hearing and/or vision), communication satisfaction (with self-presence, own emotional experience, partner's responsiveness, partner's contribution), and relationship satisfaction. Actor-partner-interdependence-modeling showed that husband's greater hearing impairment was associated with wife's lower emotional experience and presence during communication. Conversely, wife's greater vision impairment was associated with husband's lower emotional experience, and lower perceptions of wife's responsiveness and contribution during communications. Moreover, husband's lower satisfaction with wife's responsiveness and contribution during communication was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. For wives, lower satisfaction with their emotional experience and their partner's responsiveness was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. Results contribute to a limited literature that seeks to understand sensory impairment among older adults from a dyadic perspective.