Psychological Reports最新文献

Mothers of children with disabilities often face persistent caregiving demands that elevate psychological distress and may adversely affect spiritual well-being, a key psychological resource related to meaning and life purpose. Drawing on stress and coping frameworks, the present study examined coping through meaning as a longitudinal mediating mechanism linking psychological distress to spiritual well-being among mothers of children with disabilities. Using a semi-longitudinal design, data were collected at two time points separated by three months from a final sample of 343 Turkish mothers of children with disabilities (M age = 34.65, SD = 5.64). A cross-lagged panel model within a structural equation modeling framework was estimated. Psychological distress at Time 1 negatively predicted coping through meaning at Time 2 (β = -.183, p < .01, 95% CI[-.318, -.043]). Coping through meaning at Time 1 positively predicted spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = .277, p < .01, 95% CI[.166, .386]), and psychological distress at Time 1 also showed a direct negative effect on spiritual well-being at Time 2 (β = -.129, p < .01, 95% CI[-.244, -.016]). Mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of psychological distress on spiritual well-being via coping with meaning (standardized indirect effect = -.034, 95% CI [-.052, -.010]), indicating partial longitudinal mediation. These findings suggest that psychological distress undermines mothers' ability to engage in meaning-making, which in turn contributes to reduced spiritual well-being over time. The results highlight coping through meaning as a key psychological mechanism and have implications for meaning-centered interventions in psychological counseling and family support programs.

The present study examines the associations between other-oriented perfectionism and individual stress within romantic relationships, focusing on the intervening role of social media use as a relational context. Data were collected through an online survey administered via a snowball sampling procedure to a sample of 455 Italian adults aged 19 to 65 years. Using mediation analyses with relevant demographic and relational covariates (age, gender, relationship duration, education level, and sexual orientation), results indicated that higher levels of other-oriented perfectionism were positively associated with greater social media use. In turn, increased social media use was associated with higher levels of stress within romantic relationships. Other-oriented perfectionism also showed a significant direct association with relationship stress, indicating a pattern consistent with partial mediation. Age and relationship duration were significantly associated with social media use, whereas gender and relationship duration were significantly associated with relationship stress. Education level and sexual orientation were not significantly related to relationship stress. Overall, the findings suggest that social media use represents a relevant contextual process through which perfectionistic tendencies oriented toward the partner are linked to relational stress, highlighting the importance of considering digitally mediated interactions in the study of contemporary romantic relationships.

This study examines how workplace cyberbullying contributes to employees' belief in organisational conspiracy theories by testing the sequential mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and organisational cynicism. Guided by Conservation of Resources theory, we argue that workplace cyberbullying operates as a resource-depleting interpersonal stressor that drains employees' emotional capacity, giving rise to emotional exhaustion as an immediate affective response. Drawing on Affective Events Theory, we further propose that this exhaustion shapes subsequent cognitive evaluations, predisposing employees toward organisational cynicism - an interpretation grounded in distrust and perceived violation of fairness norms. Consistent with Social Exchange Theory, such cynicism then fosters conspiratorial interpretations of organisational actions, increasing belief in organisational conspiracy theories. Data were collected using a two-wave time-lagged survey of 329 employees in India's information technology sector. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted in AMOS version 26 supported the distinction among the study variables, and serial mediation analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Version 4.3) with bootstrapping for SPSS (Version 26) showed that workplace cyberbullying significantly predicted belief in organisational conspiracy theories both directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion and organisational cynicism. By articulating this affective-cognitive pathway, the findings extend the nomological network of workplace cyberbullying and underscore the importance of addressing cyberbullying to reduce mistrust, cynicism, and conspiracy-based interpretations within organisational settings.

Marital adjustment can be conceptualized as a resource of the family system or a part of the regenerative powers of the family. It is important to investigate marital adjustment as it is a concept that deeply affects the quality of life. In this study, which attempts to explain marital adjustment, regression analysis was performed on the obtained results. The data were examined with correlation analysis and regression analysis. According to the study results, there was a strong positive correlation (r = .76) between marital adjustment and spousal self-efficacy among the predictor and dependent variables. Martial adjustment establishes a high level and significant relationship with spouse self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem solving, gender, marriage duration, having children and the number of children, income level, education status and place of residence. All variables (spousal self-efficacy, resentment-avoidance, marital problem-solving skills, gender, duration of marriage, having children, number of children, income level, educational status, and place of residence) explain 75% of marital adjustment.

Psychological science is facing an explanatory dead-end because it currently offers interpretations rather than scientific explanations without any way to move from mediators to mechanisms. The long-standing promise has always been that future investigators will transform mediators into mechanisms but this promise remains unfulfilled. The missing mechanism information might be discovered by new empirical methods that have yet to be developed, but presently there is little evidence of this. Another approach is to identify an explanatory narrative that already understands psychology in a way that provides the required causal mechanisms. Connectionist network models with sufficient mechanism information to effectively simulate/emulate psychological phenomena provide this perspective because they explain how psychological processing can take place or is brought about. Previously identified core and corollary connectionist network properties/principles function as psychological mechanisms from this perspective.

This study was conducted to determine phubbing, public speaking anxiety, and the need for social approval among young adults. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The study was completed with 1,063 young adults aged 18-26 from various cities in Turkey. Data were collected using a personal information form, the General Phubbing Scale, the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale, and the Need for Social Approval Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the model explains 39.5% of the variance in public speaking anxiety and is statistically significant (p < 0.001). It has been determined that the level of phubbing is positively and significantly related to public speaking anxiety and the need for social approval. An increase in phubbing scores is associated with an increase in public speaking anxiety and social approval need scores. Furthermore, phubbing explains 14.1% of the variance in social approval need and significantly predicts this variable (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that phubbing behaviour in young adults is associated with public speaking anxiety and the need for social approval. An increase in phubbing negatively impacts both variables. The findings indicate that a decrease in face-to-face communication may have significant effects on the psychological well-being of young adults. Accordingly, it is recommended that young adults engage in social activities and receive information aimed at reducing phubbing.

This study examined whether individual differences in defensive functioning help explain why people endorse conspiracy beliefs. A community sample of 516 adults completed measures of conspiracist ideation, contemporary conspiracy beliefs (CCB), and defense styles. Results showed that higher endorsement of conspiracy beliefs was associated with a more immature style, whereas the mature style showed no association, and the neurotic style yielded small, non-replicated effects. At the single defense mechanism level, splitting emerged as the only replicated predictor of conspiracist ideation. There was also a small education moderation effect, suggesting that contextual variables can shape how defenses relate to conspiracy thinking; these findings are exploratory and require replication. Furthermore, CCB was associated with general conspiracist ideation. Among socio-demographic characteristics, being left-wing and having a higher level of education were associated with lower levels of conspiracy ideation. Taken together, the findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs may, in part, serve defensive functions and that considering a continuum of defense maturity could enrich psychological accounts of conspiracist thinking. Speculative interpretations should be viewed solely as hypotheses and require confirmation in further independent samples.

Sensory impairments in older adulthood are associated with interpersonal struggles, including communication difficulties and lower relationship satisfaction. Using a sample of 139 older Danish couples (aged 60 years and older), we examined the dyadic associations between sensory impairment (hearing and/or vision), communication satisfaction (with self-presence, own emotional experience, partner's responsiveness, partner's contribution), and relationship satisfaction. Actor-partner-interdependence-modeling showed that husband's greater hearing impairment was associated with wife's lower emotional experience and presence during communication. Conversely, wife's greater vision impairment was associated with husband's lower emotional experience, and lower perceptions of wife's responsiveness and contribution during communications. Moreover, husband's lower satisfaction with wife's responsiveness and contribution during communication was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. For wives, lower satisfaction with their emotional experience and their partner's responsiveness was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. Results contribute to a limited literature that seeks to understand sensory impairment among older adults from a dyadic perspective.

Although a large body of research suggests, that rumination is a strong and consistent predictor for poor well-being, data gathered from other studies underlie possible adaptive mechanisms of rumination and speak of positive aspects of repetitive thinking. Using three-dimensional model of rumination (brooding, reflective pondering and depression-related rumination) the study explores adaptive and maladaptive styles of rumination and their psycho-emotional correlates. The present study utilizes response styles theory (RST) and explores adaptive and maladaptive rumination styles (brooding, reflective pondering and depression-related rumination) and their psycho-emotional correlates. Data was obtained from 210 participants (63% Female, 77% age between 18-25) Georgian university students, who completed questionnaires assessing Rumination (Brooding, Reflection, Depression-related), Psychological well-being, Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) (Well-being, Sociability, Self-control, Emotionality) and HEXACO Personality Traits (Extraversion, Honesty-humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotionality, Openness). Hierarchical regression was performed to empirically explore the relationships between rumination dimensions, personality traits, emotional competencies and psychological well-being. Results revealed that total score of rumination is negatively associated with psychological well-being, although, when examining closely, depression-related rumination turned out to be the only negative predictor for psychological well-being, thus the only maladaptive form of rumination. Sequential mediation was performed to understand direct and indirect paths that linked personality traits, emotional competencies and rumination styles to well - being. Findings revealed that Depression-related rumination mediates the positive relationship between emotional self-control (TEI) and well-being, meaning that, lack of emotional regulation associated higher levels of rumination, which on its hand negatively affected well-being. Also, Depression-related rumination mediates the relationship between extraversion and psychological well - being.

Recent research has identified that shame can contribute to depressive symptomology. Considering the harmful effects of clinical and subclinical depression on emotional well-being and long-term health, it is critical to consider protective factors. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shame-proneness and depression, exploring the moderating roles of forgiveness and blaming others. In a sample of 1,275 adults (ages 18-77, 58.5% female), this cross-sectional study used self-report measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) to investigate whether forgiveness and blaming others moderate the relationship between shame-proneness and depression. The results suggest that shame is associated with increased depression, an effect which was attenuated by self-forgiveness. The model explained 28% of the variance in depression (p < .001). These results can inform strategies for clinicians when working with clients who struggle with depression, denoting the key value of self-forgiveness in attenuating the effects of shame.