Psychological Reports最新文献

Positive Illusion, as an important mechanism of cognitive adaptation in positive psychology, enhances positive information feedback, thereby boosting self-worth. This study involved 803 college students from Shaanxi Province, China, surveyed between March 1 and August 31, 2023. The Positive Illusion, Psychological Resilience, and Subjective Well-Being scales were utilized to examine the characteristics and interrelationships of these constructs through path analysis. The findings indicated that college students' levels of Positive Illusions were generally moderate to low (t = 75.04, p < .001), Psychological Resilience levels were low (t = 129.96, p < .001), and their Subjective Well-Being was generally good (t = 222.33, p < .001). Significant positive correlations were found between Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Resilience (r = 0.48, p < .01); Positive Illusions and Psychological Resilience (r = 0.59, p < .01); and Subjective Well-Being and Positive Illusions (r = 0.49, p < .01). Idealization, Controllability, and Optimism in Positive Illusions partially mediated the relationship between Psychological Resilience and Subjective Well-Being, with mediation effect proportions of 16.13%, 12.43%, and 12.69% respectively. Pathways for enhancing college students' Subjective Well-Being are explored, offering relevant theoretical and practical guidance for mental health.

Poor sleep quality has been tied to worse social functioning outcomes, including greater loneliness, fewer social interactions, and lower social integration. Other factors likely play a role in the relationship between sleep quality and social functioning. Specifically, alexithymia and emotion regulation may serve as moderators in these relationships. Data for this study came from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3, a publicly available dataset (N = 213). Participants completed self-report measures including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and four measures of social functioning: Social Network Index, Social Participation Measure, Short Loneliness Scale, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List for providing support to others. Sleep quality was significantly related to the social functioning variables. Further, the use of the emotion regulation strategy reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between sleep quality and social participation. Worse sleep quality was related to lower engagement in social activities, only for participants high in use of reappraisal. Additionally, the use of reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between sleep quality and giving of support. Worse sleep quality was related to less self-reported giving of support to others only for participants high in the use of reappraisal. Results suggest that the use of reappraisal may be an important factor to consider in the relationship between sleep and social functioning. Future work should extend these findings to the general population and a sample of individuals with relevant diagnoses, such as borderline personality or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

The human face plays a critical role in how we perceive the minds of others. The current research across two studies explored whether face masks also impact mind perception, with the expectation that they lead to lower attributions of agency and experience to individuals, making them seem less mentally capable due to their association with reduced facial expression perception and impaired communication. In the first study, participants' ratings of masked and unmasked faces for agency and experience did not yield significant differences, suggesting that wearing a face mask does not affect the perception of the mind. To explore whether these findings applied when the lower face was cropped instead of masked, results of the second study showed that removing the lower face led to decreased agency ratings, but similar to the first study, there were no changes in experience ratings. Altogether, our results showed that wearing face masks does not reduce the perception of mental capacity. Moreover, female faces received higher ratings for both agency and experience compared to male faces. The complex relationship between face masks, gender, and mind perception warrants further exploration.

Research and theory indicate that self-efficacy can be influenced by factors related to persuasion, experiences of success, and emotional states. These factors can include situations that challenge people's beliefs about their abilities. Social exclusion is associated with deprivation of the need for control, low self-control, and low self-esteem. This study examined whether social exclusion might affect general self-efficacy beliefs. It was predicted that self-efficacy would be lower in the exclusion condition than in the inclusion condition and that satisfaction of the need for control and belonging would mediate the exclusion effect on self-efficacy. Feelings of control and belonging were manipulated using a Cyberball game in which participants were excluded or included in the online ball-tossing game. The results confirmed the hypotheses. Self-efficacy, belonging, and control were lower in ostracism than in the inclusion condition. Control and belonging were positively related to self-efficacy and mediated the effect of ostracism on self-efficacy. Research suggests that creating an environment that satisfies control and relatedness needs may foster self-efficacy and that each need is important.

Utilizing the social identity theory, this conceptual article has proposed how digitally mediated communication between expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs) in a remote work arrangement is linked with individualized change experiences of virtual expatriates. The conceptualized model proposes that the lack of in-depth conversations via virtual communication platforms leads to the development of weak emotional interactions between virtual expatriates and HCNs. However, weakened emotional interactions might result in positive or negative impact on expatriates' identity based on personality-based differences. In this regard, expatriates with collective self-esteem are likely to experience social identity threats because of weakened social ties with HCNs. Contrary to the above group, expatriates having personal self-esteem would view weak socialization as an opportunity and experience an improvement in their leader identity, thus experience a positive social identity change over time. This research has conceptually explored outcomes of digitally mediated communication between expatriates and HCNs on the identity change experiences of expatriates, and holistically covers the role of positive as well as negative change experiences. Unlike the focus of the majority of literature on traditional expatriation, the proposed model has focused on experiences of virtual expatriates, and how working in remote work settings lead to long-term socio-psychological changes in these individuals.

Research consistently demonstrates a positive association between dispositional optimism (DO) and subjective well-being (SWB). This study takes a step forward by exploring potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, with a specific focus on the mediating role of mindful self-care (MSC). We conducted a cross-sectional online survey involving 312 Singaporean adults. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their DO, MSC practices, and overall SWB. Our findings confirmed a significant link between DO and SWB, with individuals exhibiting higher optimism reporting greater well-being. Importantly, the relationship was mediated by MSC, suggesting that optimism motivates individuals to engage in MSC practices, which in turn, enhances SWB. Moreover, DO was linked to all SWB subcomponents, even after controlling for MSC as a mediator. Among the six MSC facets, self-compassion and purpose, supportive relationships, and mindful awareness emerged as significant mediators. This study adds to the growing body of evidence recognizing the positive role of DO and MSC in improving well-being outcomes. It highlights the potential of interventions aimed at cultivating optimism as a promising approach for enhancing mindful self-care practices and ultimately promoting well-being in adults.

OCD and anxiety are both associated with depression and suicide, but there is a need for comprehensive assessment and screening of depression risk factors within ethnically and racially minoritized college students. In total, 128 university students were surveyed in 2022 in the northeastern United States who all endorsed at least one non-white racial identity. They completed measures of anxiety, depression, OCD symptoms and psychological flexibility. Results supported that anxiety and OCD symptoms were positively associated with high depression, and high psychological flexibility was associated with low depression. Results support continued screening and intervention for anxiety and OCD symptoms to address depression in diverse young adults. Future work should continue to assess the protective effects of targeting psychological flexibility constructs and to assess longitudinal impacts of OCD symptoms and anxiety on depression.

Self-concordance theory and the goal-striving reasons framework both measure the quality of people's reasons for their goal pursuits. Both have provided substantial evidence for their predictive power for people's well-being. However, it remains unclear which of the two goal-reason models is the better predictor for different forms of well-being. The paper analyses the distinct relationships of the two models in relation to hedonic well-being (Subjective Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, Affect Balance) and indicators of eudaimonic well-being (Basic Need Satisfaction, Purpose and Self-Acceptance). The findings are based on a cross-sectional, correlative research design based (N = 124). Using multiple regression analyses the results show that the goal-striving reasons framework is overall more strongly associated with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, the differences for hedonic well-being as well as for self-acceptance and purpose are much larger than they are for the three basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Here, self-concordance achieves nearly similar correlations to the goal-striving reasons framework. The findings have implications for theory and practice as they highlight the theoretical differences between the two goal-reasons models but also help to decide which Positive Psychology Interventions are most suitable to increase which form of well-being.

Numerous studies show that perceived authenticity is a reliable predictor of mental health outcomes. To expand on these studies, we examined whether such relations could be due to perceived authenticity's confounding with both self-esteem and executive functioning. A representative sample of US participants (N = 446; M_age = 46.10; 51.1% female; 78.0% White) completed measures of perceived authenticity, self-esteem, executive functioning, and various indicators of mental health (e.g., subjective wellbeing, depression). At the bivariate level, perceived authenticity had a positive, large correlation with a mental health composite. However, after controlling for self-esteem and executive functioning, this relationship became nonsignificant and trivial in size. The findings extend basic understanding of how self-relevant constructs contribute to mental health and suggest advice for individuals looking to capitalize on evidence linking perceived authenticity to mental health benefits: Build a strong base of self-worth and exercise agency.

This research tested the assumptions of Terror Management Theory (Pyszczynski et al., 2015) and conservatism as motivated social cognition (Jost et al., 2003) regarding how belief systems relate to existential anxiety. Conservatism as motivated social cognition posits that politically conservative ideologies are uniquely capable of minimizing fears about death. In contrast, TMT asserts that ideological rigidity is associated with less fear of death but it also promotes aggression and intolerance against those with different beliefs. The relation of ideological rigidity and political conservatism to death anxiety and intolerance of those who have differing worldviews was explored in a sample of American university students (n = 134) and of American respondents from the Prolific crowdsourcing platform (n = 199). The results from both samples supported the hypothesis that ideological rigidity was associated with more negative reactions to people with different beliefs. The results regarding death anxiety were more complicated. In the student sample, personal need for structure was the best predictor of death anxiety, with higher scores on personal need for structure being associated with more death anxiety. In the crowdsourcing sample, social conservatism was the best predictor of death anxiety, with more conservatism being associated with less death anxiety.