Resources Conservation and Recycling最新文献_第6页

Unfolding the effectiveness of ecological restoration programs in enhancing vegetation carbon sinks across different climate zones in China 揭示中国不同气候带生态恢复项目在提高植被碳汇方面的成效

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107974

Yunting Shi , Biao Zhang , Li Liang , Shuang Wang , Haiyan Zhang , Hailian Sun , Xiufeng Han

Evaluating the vegetation carbon sink capacity across different climate zones in China is vital for optimizing the ecological restoration management practices and achieving double carbon goals. Based on the land cover and net primary productivity, along with a comprehensive literature review, we developed a vegetation carbon sink (VCS) estimation model at a 500 m × 500 m grid resolution to evaluate the carbon sink capacity of vegetation in China from 2001 to 2020. Results showed that the mean annual VCS_rate in China was 0.23 Mg C·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹, with the annual VCS_total of 160.71Tg C·yr⁻¹. The VCS_rate was highest in forest (0.75 Mg C·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), followed by shrubland and grassland (0.18 and 0.03 Mg C·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹). The VCS_rate increased at a rate of 15.18%, particularly in the warm temperate zone (WT) and the north subtropical zone (NS), increased by 83.24% and 38.86%, respectively. The ecological restoration programs (ERPs) contributed to 72.29% of the total increase in the national VCS_total during 20 years. Especially, the shelterbelt program for upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River (SPYT) accounted for 40.69%. Overall, ERPs have the best carbon sequestration effect in the NS and WT, with 52.46 and 48.36 Mg C·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹ higher than outside ERSs area. Conversely, the VCS effect of ERPs was not significant in the plateau zone, so planting behavior in vulnerable regions should be taken with caution. It is imperative to identify appropriate ecological stewardship measures for future climatic conditions, informed by specific temporal and geographical contexts, to enhance carbon sequestration efficiency. These findings are crucial for guiding ecological protection and restoration strategies and carbon neutrality efforts in China and globally.

评估中国不同气候带的植被碳汇能力对于优化生态恢复管理实践和实现双碳目标至关重要。基于土地覆被和净初级生产力，结合文献综述，我们建立了植被碳汇（VCS）估算模型，以500米×500米的网格分辨率评估了2001-2020年中国植被的碳汇能力。结果表明，中国植被碳汇年均值为0.23 Mg C-ha-1-yr-1，年总碳汇量为160.71 Tg C-yr-1。森林的VCS率最高（0.75 Mg C-ha-1-yr-1），其次是灌木林和草地（0.18 Mg C-ha-1-yr-1和0.03 Mg C-ha-1-yr-1）。VCSrate 增长率为 15.18%，尤其是在暖温带（WT）和北亚热带（NS），分别增长了 83.24% 和 38.86%。20 年间，生态恢复计划（ERP）使全国 VC 总量增长了 72.29%。其中，长江中上游防护林计划（SPYT）占 40.69%。总体而言，ERP在NS和WT的固碳效果最好，分别比ERS以外地区高出52.46和48.36 Mg C-ha-1-yr-1。相反，ERPs 在高原区的固碳效果并不显著，因此在脆弱地区的种植行为应谨慎。当务之急是根据具体的时间和地理环境，针对未来的气候条件确定适当的生态管理措施，以提高固碳效率。这些发现对于指导中国乃至全球的生态保护和恢复战略以及碳中和努力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Inequities blocking the path to circular economies: A bio-inspired network-based approach for assessing the sustainability of the global trade of waste metals 不平等阻碍了循环经济之路：评估全球废金属贸易可持续性的生物启发网络方法

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107958

Filippos K. Zisopoulos , Brian D. Fath , Susana Toboso-Chavero , Hao Huang , Daan Schraven , Benjamin Steuer , Alexandros Stefanakis , O.Grant Clark , Serban Scrieciu , Simron Singh , Dominik Noll , Martin de Jong

Considering the importance of waste metals for the transition to circular economies, this study follows a bio-inspired approach to evaluate their material and monetary global trade patterns for sustainability and equity. Between 2000 and 2022, the global trade grew by 5 % in trading countries, by 37 % in trade links, by 71 % in material flows, and by 569 % in economic flows. Driven by indirect effects, the average circulation of material and monetary flows ranged between 21.8–34.9 % depending on the demand or supply perspective but showed a declining trend. Due to homogenization, high network redundancy, and low network efficiency the trade remained robust yet outside the "window of vitality" characterizing natural ecosystems. A few, mostly high-income countries dominated the market, consolidating imports of high-value metal waste mostly from low- and middle-income exporters. Policies should address circularity and trade inequities, accounting for environmental and social ramifications throughout the lifecycle of products and materials.

考虑到废金属对向循环经济转型的重要性，本研究采用生物启发方法，对其物质和货币全球贸易模式的可持续性和公平性进行评估。2000 年至 2022 年间，全球贸易国的贸易量增长了 5%，贸易联系增长了 37%，物质流量增长了 71%，经济流量增长了 569%。在间接效应的推动下，物质和货币流的平均流通量介于 21.8%-34.9%之间，取决于需求或供给的角度，但呈现出下降趋势。由于同质化、网络冗余度高和网络效率低，贸易保持强劲，但仍处于自然生态系统的 "活力窗口 "之外。少数几个国家（主要是高收入国家）主导着市场，合并了主要来自中低收入出口国的高价值金属废料进口。政策应解决循环性和贸易不公平问题，考虑到产品和材料整个生命周期的环境和社会影响。

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引用次数: 0

A bottom-up nationwide analysis of sectoral land use reveals spatial heterogeneity across the United States 自下而上的全国范围部门土地利用分析揭示了美国各地的空间异质性

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107969

Zhixiu Han , Wei Xie , Yiru Song , Lin Sun , Huajun Yu , Bin Chen , Yang Li , Yutao Wang

The high degree of urbanization and economic development in the United States has intensified competition for land resources, leading to land use conflicts and environmental challenges. Addressing these issues first requires an exploration of high-resolution, sector-specific land use patterns. However, existing land classification studies rarely provide spatially explicit data on urban land use across all sectors at a national level. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing land use areas across various economic sectors in the United States, particularly focusing on urban impervious surfaces. Using a bottom-up approach, we created a full-sector land use inventory, integrating Points of Interest (POI) data, road networks, building characteristics, and geographic information processing techniques. Our primary innovation lies in the development of a spatially explicit database that details sector-specific land use areas nationwide. On this robust foundation, we further explored the heterogeneity of sectoral land use eco-efficiency (SLUEE) among different sectors and states, providing supplementary insights into spatial disparities in urban land use. Our findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity, with service sectors dominating land use and exhibiting higher SLUEE compared to goods-producing industries. Key sectors such as Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (441064.58 ha), and Administrative and Support Services (420148.34 ha) are prominent across states according to land use area, reflecting the country's service-oriented economy. Additionally, regional disparities in SLUEE are evident, with jurisdictions like Washington D.C., New York, and California demonstrating more efficient land use. Compared with traditional land use evaluations, our model effectively offers higher spatial resolution, down to the census block level, to sectoral land use evaluation. Building on this robust database, our SLUEE analysis has uncovered notable heterogeneity between sectors and states, offering new insights into cross-sectoral and inter-state land use dynamics that can inform and promote sustainable urban planning.

美国的高度城市化和经济发展加剧了对土地资源的争夺，导致了土地使用冲突和环境挑战。要解决这些问题，首先需要探索高分辨率、特定部门的土地利用模式。然而，现有的土地分类研究很少提供全国范围内各部门城市土地利用的明确空间数据。本研究旨在通过分析美国各经济部门的土地利用区域，特别是城市不透水表面来填补这一空白。我们采用自下而上的方法，整合兴趣点（POI）数据、道路网络、建筑特征和地理信息处理技术，创建了一份全行业土地利用清单。我们的主要创新在于开发了一个空间明确的数据库，详细记录了全国范围内特定部门的土地利用区域。在这一稳健的基础上，我们进一步探索了不同部门和州之间的部门土地利用生态效率（SLUEE）的异质性，为城市土地利用的空间差异提供了补充见解。我们的研究结果揭示了明显的空间异质性，与商品生产行业相比，服务行业在土地利用中占主导地位，并表现出更高的 SLUEE。根据土地使用面积，专业、科学和技术服务（441064.58 公顷）以及行政和支持服务（420148.34 公顷）等关键行业在各州都很突出，反映了该国以服务为导向的经济。此外，SLUEE 的地区差异也很明显，华盛顿特区、纽约和加利福尼亚等辖区的土地使用效率更高。与传统的土地利用评估相比，我们的模型有效地为部门土地利用评估提供了更高的空间分辨率，直至普查街区级别。在这一强大数据库的基础上，我们的 SLUEE 分析发现了部门和州之间的显著异质性，为跨部门和州之间的土地利用动态提供了新的见解，可为可持续城市规划提供信息并促进其发展。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring synergistic efficiency of air pollution and carbon reduction and its influencing factors: Insights from China 探索大气污染与碳减排的协同效应及其影响因素：来自中国的启示

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107973

Yiting Yang , He Xu , Xue Yang , Yi Zhang , Ting Liu

Efficient synergistic emission reduction can effectively alleviate the dual pressures of environmental improvement and economic development. Revealing the relationship between synergistic reduction and economic development can guide the scientific formulation of policies. However, current methodologies are lacking in comprehensively assessing synergistic effect of multiple pollutants and economic factors. This study employs a life cycle assessment model to quantify the comprehensive impacts of air pollutants and CO₂. It introduces an innovative concept of synergistic efficiency and establishes a universally applicable evaluation framework. The case study in China demonstrates that synergistic efficiency has been improved since 2013. Enhancing energy efficiency and advancing green technologies are pivotal for boosting synergistic efficiency. Adjustments in industrial structures present both opportunities and challenges, requiring policymakers to consider the fluctuation. This proposed methodology serves as a robust tool for other countries to assess synergistic efficiency, enabling them to develop scientifically informed policies that foster sustainable development.

高效的协同减排可以有效缓解环境改善和经济发展的双重压力。揭示协同减排与经济发展之间的关系可以指导政策的科学制定。然而，目前缺乏全面评估多种污染物和经济因素协同效应的方法。本研究采用生命周期评估模型来量化空气污染物和二氧化碳的综合影响。它引入了协同效应的创新概念，并建立了一个普遍适用的评估框架。中国的案例研究表明，自 2013 年以来，协同效率得到了提高。提高能源效率和推进绿色技术是提升协同效率的关键。产业结构调整既是机遇也是挑战，需要政策制定者考虑其波动性。本方法建议可作为其他国家评估协同效率的有力工具，使其能够制定科学合理的政策，促进可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term performance of porous asphalt pavement incorporating recycled plastics 含有再生塑料的多孔沥青路面的长期性能

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107979

Gengren Hao , Sin Mei Lim , Meibo He , Ghim Ping Ong , Anggraini Zulkati , Sothinathan Kapilan , Jia Hao Tan

Recycling plastic in asphalt pavement holds potential for environmental and economic benefits. However, its performance after prolonged exposure to heat, oxygen, sunlight, and moisture remains uncertain, casting doubt on its viability. In this study, various types of recycled plastics were incorporated into porous asphalt mixtures and exposed to long-term aging conditions. A total of 360 specimens were tested to evaluate several key properties: moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance; abrasion resistance; and indirect tensile strength and fatigue resistance. The results indicate that porous mixtures with 5 % plastic generally exhibit superior long-term performance compared to non-plastic porous mixtures, except for cracking resistance. Excessive addition of plastic (15 %) in asphalt pavement can lead to significant degradation of long-term performance. A trial section incorporating plastic in porous asphalt pavement exhibited satisfactory performance after a year of construction. These insights are pivotal in shaping policy and directing resources toward sustainable road construction practices.

在沥青路面中回收塑料有可能带来环境和经济效益。然而，塑料在长期暴露于高温、氧气、阳光和潮湿条件下的性能仍不确定，这使人们对其可行性产生怀疑。在这项研究中，各种类型的回收塑料被掺入多孔沥青混合料中，并暴露在长期老化条件下。共对 360 个试样进行了测试，以评估几个关键特性：湿度敏感性和抗车辙能力；耐磨性；间接拉伸强度和抗疲劳性。结果表明，与非塑料多孔混合物相比，塑料含量为 5% 的多孔混合物通常具有更优越的长期性能，但抗裂性能除外。在沥青路面中添加过多塑料（15%）会导致长期性能显著下降。在多孔沥青路面中加入塑料的试验段在施工一年后表现出令人满意的性能。这些见解对于制定政策和将资源用于可持续道路建设实践至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Rare earth permanent magnets for the green energy transition: Bottlenecks, current developments and cleaner production solutions 用于绿色能源转型的稀土永磁体：瓶颈、当前发展和清洁生产解决方案

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107966

Yousef Ghorbani , I.M.S.K. Ilankoon , Nimila Dushyantha , Glen T. Nwaila

Rare earth metals (REMs) are indispensable for producing high-performance permanent magnets, key components in many clean energy technologies, such as wind turbines. However, the limited availability and environmental impact of rare earth mining, processing, and purification pose challenges for the green energy transition. This review paper provides an overview of the main bottlenecks and challenges in using REM-based permanent magnets for clean energy applications, as well as current developments and potential solutions. First, the magnetic properties, permanent magnet development history, current uses and types of permanent magnets are described. Requirements for REM-based magnets in wind turbines and electric vehicles are then discussed, highlighting the demand and potential supply chain issues. Finally, the main bottlenecks and challenges related to rare earth ore availability, processing and recycling are identified. These challenges include: (1) geographical concentration of all rare earth oxide (REO) value chain portions; (2) environmental concerns (waste and process toxicity and energy requirements); (3) market volatility (fluctuating demand and supply), and geopolitics of the mineral value chain; and (4) performance (temperature stability, corrosion resistance and other usability factors). To address these challenges, the study presents current developments and potential solutions. This study thus provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of REOs in the energy transition and identifies future research directions and policy interventions that can ensure a sustainable and secure supply of REM-based permanent magnets for clean energy technologies.

稀土金属 (REM) 是生产高性能永久磁铁不可或缺的材料，也是风力涡轮机等许多清洁能源技术的关键部件。然而，稀土开采、加工和提纯过程中的有限可用性和对环境的影响给绿色能源转型带来了挑战。本综述文件概述了将基于稀土的永磁体用于清洁能源应用的主要瓶颈和挑战，以及当前的发展和潜在的解决方案。首先，介绍了永磁体的磁性能、永磁体的发展历史、当前用途和类型。然后，讨论了风力涡轮机和电动汽车对基于 REM 的磁体的要求，强调了需求和潜在的供应链问题。最后，确定了与稀土矿供应、加工和回收相关的主要瓶颈和挑战。这些挑战包括(1) 所有稀土氧化物 (REO) 价值链部分的地理集中性；(2) 环境问题（废物和加工毒性以及能源需求）；(3) 市场波动性（供需波动）和矿物价值链的地缘政治；以及 (4) 性能（温度稳定性、耐腐蚀性和其他可用性因素）。为应对这些挑战，本研究介绍了当前的发展情况和潜在的解决方案。因此，本研究全面了解了 REO 在能源转型中的作用，并确定了未来的研究方向和政策干预措施，以确保用于清洁能源技术的基于 REM 的永磁体的可持续安全供应。

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引用次数: 0

Packaging the future: Determinants of use intentions and incentive structures of reusable packaging systems 包装未来：可重复使用包装系统的使用意向和激励结构的决定因素

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107961

Eva Heeremans, Joyce De Temmerman, Hendrik Slabbinck, Maggie Geuens

Growing environmental concerns regarding single-use packaging have prompted the introduction of reusable packaging systems. This research examines four systems: “refill on the go” (in-store dispensers), “refill at home” (larger refill packages), “return on the go” (returnable packaging), and “return from home” (subscription service for delivery and pickup). An online survey identified performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and an affective component as significant predictors of consumers’ intentions to use these systems for non-food products. The “refill at home” system was most favored, followed by “refill on the go” and “return on the go”. Hence, consumers prefer larger refill packaging but are also open to in-store refilling or returning. A focus group with retail experts and four Maximum Difference scaling analyses emphasize the need to communicate the environmental benefits of reducing packaging waste and eliminating single-use packaging through these reusable packaging systems. Implications for policymakers, retailers, and manufacturers are discussed.

人们对一次性包装的环境问题日益关注，促使可重复使用的包装系统应运而生。本研究考察了四种系统："随身补充"（店内分装机）、"在家补充"（较大的补充包装）、"随身退回"（可回收包装）和 "在家退回"（送货上门的订购服务）。一项在线调查显示，绩效预期、努力预期、社会影响和情感因素是消费者对非食品产品使用这些系统的意向的重要预测因素。在家补充 "系统最受青睐，其次是 "外出补充 "和 "外出归还"。因此，消费者更喜欢较大的补充装包装，但也愿意在店内补充或退回。与零售专家进行的焦点小组讨论和四项最大差异比例分析强调，有必要宣传通过这些可重复使用包装系统减少包装废弃物和消除一次性包装对环境的益处。讨论了对政策制定者、零售商和制造商的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking sustainable lithium: A comparative life cycle assessment of innovative extraction methods from brine 开启可持续的锂：从卤水中提取锂的创新方法的生命周期比较评估

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107977

Sima Nikfar, Ario Fahimi, Ehsan Vahidi

The surging demand for lithium, driven by the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems, underscores the urgent need to develop sustainable lithium extraction methods. This study presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment Using the TRACI method to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of solvent extraction, adsorption, nanofiltration, and membrane electrolysis as direct lithium extraction methods for recovering lithium from brine to produce lithium carbonate. In terms of global warming, the carbon dioxide emission for each process was determined as follows: solvent extraction emits 52.7 kg CO₂eq/kg of lithium carbonate, adsorption emits 47.9 CO₂eq/kg of lithium carbonate, nanofiltration emits 17.7 kg CO₂eq/kg of lithium carbonate, and membrane electrolysis emits 80.57 kg CO₂eq/kg of lithium carbonate. As a result, the nanofiltration process emerges as the most environmentally friendly method, offering a promising solution to the environmental challenges of lithium extraction. In contrast, the membrane electrolysis process has the highest environmental impact.

电动汽车和可再生能源存储系统的广泛应用推动了锂需求的激增，这凸显了开发可持续锂萃取方法的迫切性。本研究采用 TRACI 方法进行了全面的生命周期评估，对溶剂萃取法、吸附法、纳滤法和膜电解法作为直接锂萃取法从卤水中回收锂以生产碳酸锂的环境影响进行了评估和比较。就全球变暖而言，每种工艺的二氧化碳排放量如下：溶剂萃取每千克碳酸锂排放 52.7 千克二氧化碳当量，吸附每千克碳酸锂排放 47.9 千克二氧化碳当量，纳滤每千克碳酸锂排放 17.7 千克二氧化碳当量，膜电解每千克碳酸锂排放 80.57 千克二氧化碳当量。因此，纳滤工艺是最环保的方法，为解决锂提取过程中的环境挑战提供了一种可行的解决方案。相比之下，膜电解工艺对环境的影响最大。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable electroless nutrient recovery from natural agro-industrial and livestock farm wastewater effluents with a flow cell reactor 利用流动池反应器从天然农用工业废水和畜牧场废水中进行可持续的无电解营养回收

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107972

László Kékedy-Nagy , Karla G. Morrissey , Zahra Anari , Raheleh Daneshpour , Lauren F. Greenlee , Greg Thoma

Nutrient removal using renewable/green energy sources and their impact on the surrounding environment is still limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the simultaneous production of struvite, hydrogen, and electricity with no applied voltage/current or chemical adjustment using a flow-cell reactor in farm wastewater compositions, and their impact on the surrounding environment by using life cycle assessment (LCA). In a 3 h experiment, the flow cell reactor removed up to 87 % of phosphate and 77 % of ammonia thus improving water quality. The produced electricity decreased over time due to the formation of a passivating film and hydrogen bubbles on the magnesium anode. Surface characterization techniques (FT-IR, XRD, SEM) indicated that the obtained struvite was of good quality, while chemical analysis showed < 2.6 % of Ca²⁺as co-precipitate. The LCA showed that generation of struvite, hydrogen, and electricity provided major environmental credits, but the manufacturing of magnesium anode had environmental burdens.

利用可再生/绿色能源去除养分及其对周围环境的影响仍然有限。为了填补这一知识空白，我们研究了在农场废水成分中使用流动电池反应器，在不施加电压/电流或化学调整的情况下同时生产硬质合金、氢气和电能的情况，并通过生命周期评估（LCA）研究了它们对周围环境的影响。在 3 小时的实验中，流动池反应器去除了高达 87% 的磷酸盐和 77% 的氨氮，从而改善了水质。由于在镁阳极上形成了钝化膜和氢气泡，产生的电量随着时间的推移而减少。表面表征技术（傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜）表明，所获得的硬石膏质量良好，而化学分析则显示有 < 2.6 % 的 Ca2+ 作为共沉淀。生命周期分析表明，产生的硬石膏、氢气和电力提供了主要的环境效益，但镁阳极的制造却带来了环境负担。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of sustainable waste management: An analysis of techno-economic and life cycle assessments of municipal solid waste sorting and decontamination 评估可持续废物管理：城市固体废物分类和净化的技术经济和生命周期评估分析

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107970

Maria A. Herrera Diaz , Yingqian Lin , Pralhad H. Burli , Tasmin Hossain , Damon S. Hartley , Vicki S. Thompson

This study evaluates the economic and environmental feasibility of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sorting and decontamination technologies across urban, suburban, and rural areas. Using Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the research assesses cost-effectiveness and environmental impacts, with a focus on cost variability analyzed through Monte Carlo simulations. Findings indicate significant cost differences based on population density: rural areas incur high costs up to $764/ton due to low waste volumes and limited infrastructure, whereas suburban and urban areas have more feasible costs ranging from $36.3 to $142.5/ton. Environmental impacts also vary, with greenhouse gas emissions at 171 kg CO₂ eq/ton for copy paper and 118.6 kg CO₂ eq/ton for plastics. PM2.5 levels are 9.1 g/ton for copy paper and 6.3 g/ton for plastics, with sorting lines being the main contributors. Monte Carlo simulations reveal a 50% probability of costs being below $102.26/ton for copy paper and $115.8/ton for plastics in suburban settings. The study underscores the importance of customized waste management strategies to improve economic viability and sustainability based on local conditions.

本研究评估了城市固体废物 (MSW) 分类和净化技术在城市、郊区和农村地区的经济和环境可行性。研究利用技术经济分析（TEA）和生命周期评估（LCA），评估了成本效益和环境影响，重点是通过蒙特卡洛模拟分析的成本变化。研究结果表明，人口密度不同，成本差异也很大：农村地区由于废物量少，基础设施有限，成本高达 764 美元/吨，而郊区和城市地区的成本更低，从 36.3 美元/吨到 142.5 美元/吨不等。对环境的影响也各不相同，复印纸的温室气体排放量为 171 千克二氧化碳当量/吨，塑料为 118.6 千克二氧化碳当量/吨。复印纸和塑料的 PM2.5 分别为 9.1 克/吨和 6.3 克/吨，分拣线是主要的排放源。蒙特卡罗模拟显示，在郊区环境中，复印纸和塑料的成本分别低于 102.26 美元/吨和 115.8 美元/吨的可能性分别为 50%。这项研究强调了定制化废物管理战略的重要性，以根据当地条件提高经济可行性和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0