Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108752
Luja von Köckritz , Oreane Edelenbosch , Sebastiaan Deetman , Frederike Arp , Roel Brouwer , Raoul Schram , Marianne Zanon-Zotin , Detlef van Vuuren
Transport vehicles are a major driver of global material extraction, making their material needs central to circular economy strategies. Yet few studies address the material implications of maintenance, leaving the link between vehicle lifetime extension and maintenance poorly quantified. Using a new global, stock-driven model, IMAGE Materials, coupled to the IMAGE integrated assessment model, we link material demand to transport services and account for scheduled maintenance for land-based transport. Results show that maintenance adds ∼30 % of material demand for road vehicles and up to 100 % for high-speed rail. Maintenance flows for road modes are rubber-intensive, while rail requires steel. Still, lifetime extension leads to a net reduction in total material demand of ∼16 % (95.8 Mt) in 2100, but increased maintenance partly offsets these savings, adding 69.5 Mt with age-related or 29.3 Mt with age-capped maintenance material growth. These findings highlight maintenance as a structural component of vehicle material demand, requiring complementary policies like standards and repair incentives.
{"title":"Old is gold? Vehicle maintenance material demand of lifetime extension: dynamic stock modelling","authors":"Luja von Köckritz , Oreane Edelenbosch , Sebastiaan Deetman , Frederike Arp , Roel Brouwer , Raoul Schram , Marianne Zanon-Zotin , Detlef van Vuuren","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport vehicles are a major driver of global material extraction, making their material needs central to circular economy strategies. Yet few studies address the material implications of maintenance, leaving the link between vehicle lifetime extension and maintenance poorly quantified. Using a new global, stock-driven model, IMAGE Materials, coupled to the IMAGE integrated assessment model, we link material demand to transport services and account for scheduled maintenance for land-based transport. Results show that maintenance adds ∼30 % of material demand for road vehicles and up to 100 % for high-speed rail. Maintenance flows for road modes are rubber-intensive, while rail requires steel. Still, lifetime extension leads to a net reduction in total material demand of ∼16 % (95.8 Mt) in 2100, but increased maintenance partly offsets these savings, adding 69.5 Mt with age-related or 29.3 Mt with age-capped maintenance material growth. These findings highlight maintenance as a structural component of vehicle material demand, requiring complementary policies like standards and repair incentives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108752"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108784
Peize Wang , Tingting Liu , Gangqi Cheng , Yufeng Wu , Shengnan Wang , Kun Zhu
With the rapid growth of China’s new energy vehicles (NEVs) and wind power sectors, demand for neodymium and dysprosium is surging, while their supply is constrained by limited reserves, mining policies, and carbon-intensive production. Yet existing studies have rarely examined resource constraints and emission reduction targets within a unified framework, and have not fully integrated demand, supply, and the mitigation effects of recycling. To address this gap, this study develops an integrated material flow and carbon emission assessment framework for neodymium and dysprosium under the renewable energy transition and projects their supply-demand dynamics. The results show that by 2060, cumulative demand from NEVs is projected to reach 535.2-985.6 kilotonnes (kt) of neodymium and dysprosium combined, while wind power is expected to require a further 182.4-455.4 kt in total. Supply forecasts indicate that neodymium demand can be met under policy liberalization, but gaps emerge under quota-controlled and worsen when accounting for production losses. In contrast, dysprosium faces long term shortages across all scenarios. Recycling plays a critical role: neodymium recycling can largely meet renewable demand and reduce dependence on mining, while dysprosium recycling remains limited due to scarcity. A carbon emission assessment framework is also developed for neodymium and dysprosium production. Power mix optimization could reduce emissions by 7.1-16.5 million tonnes CO₂-equivalent (Mt CO₂-eq) for neodymium and 3.6-8.5 Mt CO₂-eq for dysprosium, while recycling contributes 3.3-5 and 1-1.4 Mt CO₂-eq reductions, respectively. Combining recycling with a cleaner power mix is essential to securing rare earth supply and reducing lifecycle emissions.
{"title":"Securing low-carbon rare earth supply for the renewable energy sector: Demand, circularity, and carbon mitigation of neodymium and dysprosium","authors":"Peize Wang , Tingting Liu , Gangqi Cheng , Yufeng Wu , Shengnan Wang , Kun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid growth of China’s new energy vehicles (NEVs) and wind power sectors, demand for neodymium and dysprosium is surging, while their supply is constrained by limited reserves, mining policies, and carbon-intensive production. Yet existing studies have rarely examined resource constraints and emission reduction targets within a unified framework, and have not fully integrated demand, supply, and the mitigation effects of recycling. To address this gap, this study develops an integrated material flow and carbon emission assessment framework for neodymium and dysprosium under the renewable energy transition and projects their supply-demand dynamics. The results show that by 2060, cumulative demand from NEVs is projected to reach 535.2-985.6 kilotonnes (kt) of neodymium and dysprosium combined, while wind power is expected to require a further 182.4-455.4 kt in total. Supply forecasts indicate that neodymium demand can be met under policy liberalization, but gaps emerge under quota-controlled and worsen when accounting for production losses. In contrast, dysprosium faces long term shortages across all scenarios. Recycling plays a critical role: neodymium recycling can largely meet renewable demand and reduce dependence on mining, while dysprosium recycling remains limited due to scarcity. A carbon emission assessment framework is also developed for neodymium and dysprosium production. Power mix optimization could reduce emissions by 7.1-16.5 million tonnes CO₂-equivalent (Mt CO₂-eq) for neodymium and 3.6-8.5 Mt CO₂-eq for dysprosium, while recycling contributes 3.3-5 and 1-1.4 Mt CO₂-eq reductions, respectively. Combining recycling with a cleaner power mix is essential to securing rare earth supply and reducing lifecycle emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108784"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a novel methodology for urban litter detection and management by combining enhanced pedestrian inspection with automated visual registry, GPS, and machine learning. To establish the model, the research team collected over 10,000 georeferenced point-of-view (POV) images across three predetermined routes in downtown Santiago, Chile. A pre-trained YOLOv8 deep learning model was successfully utilized to binary classify the presence of litter in each image, achieving a precision of 89.03%. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression model quantified the correlation between these detection results and urban contextual variables, such as proximity to non-residential activities and transport hubs. The key finding demonstrates that litter occurrence is significantly more prevalent in areas surrounding metro stations and bus stops, thereby providing empirical data to inform targeted, spatially optimized waste management strategies. This approach offers a scalable, low-cost solution for cities globally, particularly in the Global South.
{"title":"Mapping waste mismanagement: Detecting litter hotspots with geospatial AI and pedestrian imagery","authors":"Nicolás Valenzuela-Levi, Cristobal Nilo, Javiera Ponce-Méndez, Nicolás Gálvez Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel methodology for urban litter detection and management by combining enhanced pedestrian inspection with automated visual registry, GPS, and machine learning. To establish the model, the research team collected over 10,000 georeferenced point-of-view (POV) images across three predetermined routes in downtown Santiago, Chile. A pre-trained YOLOv8 deep learning model was successfully utilized to binary classify the presence of litter in each image, achieving a precision of 89.03%. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression model quantified the correlation between these detection results and urban contextual variables, such as proximity to non-residential activities and transport hubs. The key finding demonstrates that litter occurrence is significantly more prevalent in areas surrounding metro stations and bus stops, thereby providing empirical data to inform targeted, spatially optimized waste management strategies. This approach offers a scalable, low-cost solution for cities globally, particularly in the Global South.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108772"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108774
Yiming Su , Guangjin Zhou , Mingyuan Wang , Xiaoyun Li , Tao Liang , Lingqing Wang , Jian Hu , Jixi Gao , Wenwu Zhao , Siyuan Tao , Peter E. Holm , Jörg Rinklebe , Riqi Zhang , Cong-Qiang Liu , Rong Gong , Yizhong Huan
Strong interactions among six Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—food (2), water (6), energy (7), economy (8), climate (13), and ecology (15) (FWEECE)—reflect the core nexus of the human-nature relationship under global change. However, research on their causal interactions is limited, and priorities for global transformation remain elusive. Here, we developed an integrated index to assess global progress in SDG coordination-evenness, and applied Gated Recurrent Unit, Panel Vector Autoregression, and link prediction models to capture the SDG causal network among 33 targets in FWEECE. Using machine learning and network analysis, we then prioritized SDG targets. We further simulated network perturbations to identify priority actions that enhance network resilience. The results indicated limited global progress in both the coordination and evenness of these SDGs since 2000, with target 2.4 (sustainable agriculture) identified as the key priority for future progress. Mitigating high-weight trade-offs, especially from targets 15.2 (sustainable forest management) to 8.2 (economic productivity), while strengthening 84% of synergies, led by 6.6 (water-related ecosystem) to 2.c (food price stability), presents an effective strategy for advancing FWEECE. Our study provides new insights into human-earth coupling, contributing global governance transformations for the 2030 Agenda.
{"title":"Priorities for enhancing resilience of SDG causal network from a human-nature perspective","authors":"Yiming Su , Guangjin Zhou , Mingyuan Wang , Xiaoyun Li , Tao Liang , Lingqing Wang , Jian Hu , Jixi Gao , Wenwu Zhao , Siyuan Tao , Peter E. Holm , Jörg Rinklebe , Riqi Zhang , Cong-Qiang Liu , Rong Gong , Yizhong Huan","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong interactions among six Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—food (2), water (6), energy (7), economy (8), climate (13), and ecology (15) (FWEECE)—reflect the core nexus of the human-nature relationship under global change. However, research on their causal interactions is limited, and priorities for global transformation remain elusive. Here, we developed an integrated index to assess global progress in SDG coordination-evenness, and applied Gated Recurrent Unit, Panel Vector Autoregression, and link prediction models to capture the SDG causal network among 33 targets in FWEECE. Using machine learning and network analysis, we then prioritized SDG targets. We further simulated network perturbations to identify priority actions that enhance network resilience. The results indicated limited global progress in both the coordination and evenness of these SDGs since 2000, with target 2.4 (sustainable agriculture) identified as the key priority for future progress. Mitigating high-weight trade-offs, especially from targets 15.2 (sustainable forest management) to 8.2 (economic productivity), while strengthening 84% of synergies, led by 6.6 (water-related ecosystem) to 2.c (food price stability), presents an effective strategy for advancing FWEECE. Our study provides new insights into human-earth coupling, contributing global governance transformations for the 2030 Agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108774"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108787
Zhuoer Li, Mihaela Banu, Daniel R. Cooper
Production of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is materially-inefficient and energy-intensive. This study identifies improvement opportunities by conducting a material flow and energy analysis of the 2024 global composite supply chain. Bayesian inference is used to reconcile production material flow data extracted from academic and grey literature (e.g., industry reports) with data noise assigned using a Pedigree Matrix, generating balanced mass flows with quantified uncertainty. Supply chain energy requirements are determined by coupling the material flows with feedstock and process energy intensities collected from LCA literature and databases.
In 2024, around 12.2 Mt of composites entered use, requiring around 2030 PJprimary to produce and generating approximately 2.5 Mt of manufacturing scrap. Component production from feedstocks accounted for 45% of primary energy demand (60:40, thermoset:thermoplastic), followed by resin (40%) and fiber (15%) production. This study discusses opportunities and challenges in transitioning to lower-energy production, including alternatives to energy-intensive oil-based feedstocks and more efficient manufacturing processes. Energy attributable to system material losses (determined using input–output analysis) rivaled those of the largest end-use sectors. This study examines strategies to increase system-level material utilization by boosting closed-loop recycling of mass-production scrap (e.g., from injection molding) and shifting from low-yield (semi-)manual processes to automated manufacturing (e.g., pultrusion).
{"title":"Mapping the global flow of fiber-reinforced polymer composites and supply chain energy requirements","authors":"Zhuoer Li, Mihaela Banu, Daniel R. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Production of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is materially-inefficient and energy-intensive. This study identifies improvement opportunities by conducting a material flow and energy analysis of the 2024 global composite supply chain. Bayesian inference is used to reconcile production material flow data extracted from academic and grey literature (e.g., industry reports) with data noise assigned using a Pedigree Matrix, generating balanced mass flows with quantified uncertainty. Supply chain energy requirements are determined by coupling the material flows with feedstock and process energy intensities collected from LCA literature and databases.</div><div>In 2024, around 12.2 Mt of composites entered use, requiring around 2030 PJ<sub>primary</sub> to produce and generating approximately 2.5 Mt of manufacturing scrap. Component production from feedstocks accounted for 45% of primary energy demand (60:40, thermoset:thermoplastic), followed by resin (40%) and fiber (15%) production. This study discusses opportunities and challenges in transitioning to lower-energy production, including alternatives to energy-intensive oil-based feedstocks and more efficient manufacturing processes. Energy attributable to system material losses (determined using input–output analysis) rivaled those of the largest end-use sectors. This study examines strategies to increase system-level material utilization by boosting closed-loop recycling of mass-production scrap (e.g., from injection molding) and shifting from low-yield (semi-)manual processes to automated manufacturing (e.g., pultrusion).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108787"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108781
Mohammad Sagor Hosen , Heon E. Park , Mark P. Staiger
Dimensional instability remains a principal concern in extrusion-based additive manufacturing, driven by volumetric shrinkage stemming from microstructural changes, especially throughout closed-loop recycling of semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The present study investigates the microstructural evolution and corresponding volumetric shrinkage of modified-PET (mPET) quantifying key microstructural contents (i.e., degree of crystallinity, and mobile and rigid amorphous fractions) across 4 fused particle fabrication cycles for the first time. The results reveal proto-spherullite formation in recycled mPET microstructure and associated microstructural changes that cause progressive volumetric shrinkage. The degree of crystallinity and rigid amorphous content are found to vary as a function of the FPF cycle number. Notably, recycled mPET exhibited an increase in density from 1.23 to 1.30 g/cm³ and volumetric shrinkage from 0 to 4.8 % following 4 FPF cycles. The study observations have important implications for predicting dimensional accuracy in 3D-printed parts manufactured from both virgin and recycled semicrystalline polymers using extrusion-based additive manufacturing.
{"title":"Toward circular, value-added recycling of modified-poly(ethylene terephthalate): Microstructure and performance across multiple fused particle fabrication cycles","authors":"Mohammad Sagor Hosen , Heon E. Park , Mark P. Staiger","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimensional instability remains a principal concern in extrusion-based additive manufacturing, driven by volumetric shrinkage stemming from microstructural changes, especially throughout closed-loop recycling of semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The present study investigates the microstructural evolution and corresponding volumetric shrinkage of modified-PET (mPET) quantifying key microstructural contents (<em>i.e.</em>, degree of crystallinity, and mobile and rigid amorphous fractions) across 4 fused particle fabrication cycles for the first time. The results reveal proto-spherullite formation in recycled mPET microstructure and associated microstructural changes that cause progressive volumetric shrinkage. The degree of crystallinity and rigid amorphous content are found to vary as a function of the FPF cycle number. Notably, recycled mPET exhibited an increase in density from 1.23 to 1.30 g/cm³ and volumetric shrinkage from 0 to 4.8 % following 4 FPF cycles. The study observations have important implications for predicting dimensional accuracy in 3D-printed parts manufactured from both virgin and recycled semicrystalline polymers using extrusion-based additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108781"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108769
Asahi Amitani, Sabbie A. Miller
There is an urgent need to decarbonize cement and concrete production. One of the most rapidly implementable strategies is to partially replace Portland cement (PC) in concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as natural pozzolans (NPs), which are globally abundant but underused. Current studies have focused on only one or a subset of NPs and used inconsistent approaches for estimating their environmental impacts and production costs, hindering the ability to compare these SCMs and determine their best applications. We systematically review NPs—including calcined clays, diatomaceous earth, pumice, scoria, and tuff—to examine both their composition as well as their contributions to fresh and hardened concrete properties. We use a harmonized assessment approach to examine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs from producing concrete with these NPs, and we concurrently examine experimental results from the review with these emissions and cost findings. Our results show that these NPs can offer necessary composition, improve durability, and offer desired contributions to strength with proper mixture proportioning. On average, NP concretes resulted in 7–24 % GHG emissions reduction, while lowering consumption of the costliest constituent, PC. These results demonstrate that, with appropriate selection and processing, NPs offer a scalable, cost-effective route to partial PC replacement, advancing concrete decarbonization.
{"title":"Material performance, economic feasibility, and greenhouse gas emissions of natural pozzolans in concrete: A review and meta-analysis","authors":"Asahi Amitani, Sabbie A. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an urgent need to decarbonize cement and concrete production. One of the most rapidly implementable strategies is to partially replace Portland cement (PC) in concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as natural pozzolans (NPs), which are globally abundant but underused. Current studies have focused on only one or a subset of NPs and used inconsistent approaches for estimating their environmental impacts and production costs, hindering the ability to compare these SCMs and determine their best applications. We systematically review NPs—including calcined clays, diatomaceous earth, pumice, scoria, and tuff—to examine both their composition as well as their contributions to fresh and hardened concrete properties. We use a harmonized assessment approach to examine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs from producing concrete with these NPs, and we concurrently examine experimental results from the review with these emissions and cost findings. Our results show that these NPs can offer necessary composition, improve durability, and offer desired contributions to strength with proper mixture proportioning. On average, NP concretes resulted in 7–24 % GHG emissions reduction, while lowering consumption of the costliest constituent, PC. These results demonstrate that, with appropriate selection and processing, NPs offer a scalable, cost-effective route to partial PC replacement, advancing concrete decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108769"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108773
Boda Xin , Yiyun Yu , Meiyi Li , Yiming Gu , Yahui Zhang , Junfeng Wang
Interprovincial electricity transmission is vital for decarbonizing China's power system, yet its impact on Grid Emission Factors (GEFs) remains underexplored. This study employs the Medium-to-Long-Term Provincial Grid Emission Factor Model (MLGEFM) to simulate provincial GEFs and carbon trajectories from 2020 to 2035 under four transmission scenarios. Results reveal significant national decarbonization, with the average GEF falling from 0.559 to 0.320 tCO₂/MWh by 2035 under the Emission Targeted Scenario (ETS). However, transmission mechanisms exert heterogeneous regional impacts. While scale expansion reduces GEFs in central and southern China (e.g., -20.0% in Henan), it inadvertently raises GEFs in north and east China (e.g., +24.7% in Beijing). In contrast, structural optimization under ETS further reduces GEFs by 7.6% in Beijing and 13.1% in Shanghai. Although all scenarios achieve a national carbon peak around 2030, ETS achieves the optimal trajectory with a lower peak magnitude and steeper decline.
{"title":"Discover how interprovincial electricity transmission policies on transforming the regional variations in grid emission factors in China","authors":"Boda Xin , Yiyun Yu , Meiyi Li , Yiming Gu , Yahui Zhang , Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interprovincial electricity transmission is vital for decarbonizing China's power system, yet its impact on Grid Emission Factors (GEFs) remains underexplored. This study employs the Medium-to-Long-Term Provincial Grid Emission Factor Model (MLGEFM) to simulate provincial GEFs and carbon trajectories from 2020 to 2035 under four transmission scenarios. Results reveal significant national decarbonization, with the average GEF falling from 0.559 to 0.320 tCO₂/MWh by 2035 under the Emission Targeted Scenario (ETS). However, transmission mechanisms exert heterogeneous regional impacts. While scale expansion reduces GEFs in central and southern China (e.g., -20.0% in Henan), it inadvertently raises GEFs in north and east China (e.g., +24.7% in Beijing). In contrast, structural optimization under ETS further reduces GEFs by 7.6% in Beijing and 13.1% in Shanghai. Although all scenarios achieve a national carbon peak around 2030, ETS achieves the optimal trajectory with a lower peak magnitude and steeper decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108773"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108782
Jiaqi Liao , Han Cheng , Shibing Cai , Jincheng Lu , Zhezhen Yan , Ning Duan , Fuyuan Xu
To address challenges in precise copper concentration prediction and optimal electrolyte diversion in copper hydrometallurgy, this study develops a multi-model framework integrating machine learning (ML) prediction, mechanistic constraints, and collaborative optimization. Among 11 algorithms, the Bayesian-optimized extremely randomized trees (ET) model outperforms others in predicting circulating tank effluent copper concentration, achieving an R2 of 0.839, a MAPE of 1.20%, and 18.68-fold higher accuracy than mechanistic models. SHAP analysis identifies key factors influencing copper concentration. Leveraging ET predictions and mechanistic material conservation, a strategy encompassing dynamic benchmarks, segmented diversion, and closed-loop regulation enables real-time optimization of copper concentration and diversion through two-stage electrowinning, with annual energy savings of 4.72 million kWh. This multi-model methodology provides a replicable paradigm for the intelligent transformation of copper hydrometallurgy, boosting resource conservation and recycling in metallurgy. Its cross-model integration extends to multi-objective optimization in other complex metallurgical processes, offering far-reaching environmental and economic benefits.
{"title":"Data-driven optimization for sustainable copper recovery and electrolyte recycling in hydrometallurgical processes","authors":"Jiaqi Liao , Han Cheng , Shibing Cai , Jincheng Lu , Zhezhen Yan , Ning Duan , Fuyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address challenges in precise copper concentration prediction and optimal electrolyte diversion in copper hydrometallurgy, this study develops a multi-model framework integrating machine learning (ML) prediction, mechanistic constraints, and collaborative optimization. Among 11 algorithms, the Bayesian-optimized extremely randomized trees (ET) model outperforms others in predicting circulating tank effluent copper concentration, achieving an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.839, a MAPE of 1.20%, and 18.68-fold higher accuracy than mechanistic models. SHAP analysis identifies key factors influencing copper concentration. Leveraging ET predictions and mechanistic material conservation, a strategy encompassing dynamic benchmarks, segmented diversion, and closed-loop regulation enables real-time optimization of copper concentration and diversion through two-stage electrowinning, with annual energy savings of 4.72 million kWh. This multi-model methodology provides a replicable paradigm for the intelligent transformation of copper hydrometallurgy, boosting resource conservation and recycling in metallurgy. Its cross-model integration extends to multi-objective optimization in other complex metallurgical processes, offering far-reaching environmental and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108782"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108783
Zhi Gao , Ruitao You , Kecheng Pan , Qingsheng Huang , Zhenzhen Xu , Long-Shuai Zhang , Jian-Ping Zou
Herein, we show a bioinspired nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework (COFTGTp) with high acid stability and excellent radiation resistance in simulated high-level liquid waste (HLLW). It exhibits the intriguing local self-adaptive behavior to precisely recognize Pd2+ in 3 M HNO3, achieving a high adsorption capacity (317.4 mg g-1) and >99.98% recovery efficiency. Importantly, even in 17 competing ions, the COFTGTp still shows the remarkable Pd2+ selectivity and outstanding Kd value. EXAFS results disclose that the Pd2+ confined in COFTGTp interlayer displays the unsymmetrical Pd-N2 single-site pattern. Noticeably, the Pd2+-confined COFTGTp obtained from HLLW effectively drives O2-to-H2O2 photosynthesis (3002 µmol g-1 h-1). The mechanism studies confirm that the unsymmetrical Pd-N2 site favors the formation of key *HOOH intermediate. The recovery of Pd from HLLW to make a photocatalyst is proposed for the first time, which may stimulate the research into the design of novel COFs to upcycle metal waste into functional, catalytic materials.
在此，我们在模拟高放废液（HLLW）中展示了一种具有高酸稳定性和优异耐辐射性的富氮共价有机骨架（COFTGTp）。在3 M HNO3中精确识别Pd2+，具有良好的局部自适应行为，吸附量高达317.4 mg g-1，回收率高达99.98%。重要的是，即使在17个竞争离子中，COFTGTp仍然表现出显著的Pd2+选择性和出色的Kd值。EXAFS结果表明，限制在COFTGTp层中的Pd2+表现出不对称的Pd-N2单位点模式。值得注意的是，从HLLW中获得的Pd2+限制性COFTGTp有效地驱动了o2 - h2o2的光合作用（3002µmol g-1 h-1）。机理研究证实，Pd-N2位点的不对称有利于关键*HOOH中间体的形成。本文首次提出了从高废渣中回收Pd制备光催化剂的方法，这可能会激发新型COFs的设计研究，从而将金属废物升级为功能催化材料。
{"title":"Recycling high-level liquid waste into covalent organic framework confined unsymmetrical single Pd-N2 site toward H2O2 photosynthesis","authors":"Zhi Gao , Ruitao You , Kecheng Pan , Qingsheng Huang , Zhenzhen Xu , Long-Shuai Zhang , Jian-Ping Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we show a bioinspired nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework (COF<sub>TGTp</sub>) with high acid stability and excellent radiation resistance in simulated high-level liquid waste (HLLW). It exhibits the intriguing local self-adaptive behavior to precisely recognize Pd<sup>2+</sup> in 3 M HNO<sub>3</sub>, achieving a high adsorption capacity (317.4 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) and >99.98% recovery efficiency. Importantly, even in 17 competing ions, the COF<sub>TGTp</sub> still shows the remarkable Pd<sup>2+</sup> selectivity and outstanding <em>K</em><sub>d</sub> value. EXAFS results disclose that the Pd<sup>2+</sup> confined in COF<sub>TGTp</sub> interlayer displays the unsymmetrical Pd-N<sub>2</sub> single-site pattern. Noticeably, the Pd<sup>2+</sup>-confined COF<sub>TGTp</sub> obtained from HLLW effectively drives O<sub>2</sub>-to-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> photosynthesis (3002 µmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>). The mechanism studies confirm that the unsymmetrical Pd-N<sub>2</sub> site favors the formation of key *HOOH intermediate. The recovery of Pd from HLLW to make a photocatalyst is proposed for the first time, which may stimulate the research into the design of novel COFs to upcycle metal waste into functional, catalytic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108783"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号