Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234001.201
Javier Rivera-Acosta, Xu Xiuchuan
This study aimed to explore the use and effect of agricultural credit disbursed from banks and financial institutions on banana yield in farmers from Valle del Cauca (Colombia) using data from the National Agricultural Census (2014). Additionally, it evaluated whether the effect of credit differs according to the items in which the farmer prefers to invest. For this purpose, because credits are not granted randomly, this research used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology to manage selection bias. Initially, it was found through the probit model that having one's own agricultural machinery, using chemical fertilization to improve soil fertility, not belonging to an ethnic minority, and having some type of basic or higher education, increases the probability of obtaining an agricultural credit. On the other hand, the results suggest that credit has positive and significant effects on crop yield (6.2%), but the effect is greater if it is invested in land purchase and post-harvest processes, with an increase of 39% and 37% in yield, respectively. On the other hand, this study also suggests that, if credit is invested in items not related to agricultural activity, yields can be affected with a 10% reduction. Finally, it is recommended that a public policy be implemented to encourage greater participation of banana farmers in Valle del Cauca in agricultural credit programs, given their low participation (10%) despite the high acceptability rate (86%).
{"title":"The Impact of Agricultural Credit on Banana cultivation in Valle del Cauca, Colombia","authors":"Javier Rivera-Acosta, Xu Xiuchuan","doi":"10.22267/rcia.20234001.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.201","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the use and effect of agricultural credit disbursed from banks and financial institutions on banana yield in farmers from Valle del Cauca (Colombia) using data from the National Agricultural Census (2014). Additionally, it evaluated whether the effect of credit differs according to the items in which the farmer prefers to invest. For this purpose, because credits are not granted randomly, this research used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology to manage selection bias. Initially, it was found through the probit model that having one's own agricultural machinery, using chemical fertilization to improve soil fertility, not belonging to an ethnic minority, and having some type of basic or higher education, increases the probability of obtaining an agricultural credit. On the other hand, the results suggest that credit has positive and significant effects on crop yield (6.2%), but the effect is greater if it is invested in land purchase and post-harvest processes, with an increase of 39% and 37% in yield, respectively. On the other hand, this study also suggests that, if credit is invested in items not related to agricultural activity, yields can be affected with a 10% reduction. Finally, it is recommended that a public policy be implemented to encourage greater participation of banana farmers in Valle del Cauca in agricultural credit programs, given their low participation (10%) despite the high acceptability rate (86%).","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121613869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234001.200
D. Rodriguez, P. Uribe, Carlos Andres Benavides
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation is an important agricultural activity in the Andean region. The late blight Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, considered one of the limiting diseases in production, represents a threat to food security and causes losses ranging from 30 to 100% of yield. This research evaluated the response to the disease in four commercial materials widely planted in the department of Nariño. The evaluation was carried out under field conditions, in the municipality of Pasto, at AGROSAVIA's Obonuco research center, with natural inoculum, under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The response variables evaluated were incidence, severity, leaf area index and yield in the commercial categories. The ICA Única variety, reported as highly resistant in 2001, presented damage levels close to 75%, with a yield reduction of 49.88%, caused mainly by low yields of first category tubers, indicating a loss of its level of resistance, with damage levels similar to the highly susceptible control Diacol Capiro, which presented 100% of the area with symptoms of the disease and a reduction of 89% in yield. The genotypes Pastusa Suprema with disease tolerance characteristics and Superior showed the best performance with a severity level of 30% in each case and yield reductions of 30.5% and 40.92%, respectively. The results highlight the importance of these genotypes and their role as pillars in the integrated management of the disease through the planting of varieties with favorable behavior against the disease.
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)种植是安第斯地区重要的农业活动。晚疫病疫霉(Mont.) de Bary被认为是生产中的限制性病害之一，对粮食安全构成威胁，并造成30%至100%的产量损失。本研究评估了在Nariño部门广泛种植的四种商品材料对病害的反应。评估是在Pasto市AGROSAVIA的Obonuco研究中心的野外条件下进行的，采用自然接种，采用随机完全区组设计，有4个重复。评价的响应变量为商业品类的发病率、严重程度、叶面积指数和产量。据2001年报道，ICA Única品种具有高度抗性，其危害程度接近75%，产量下降49.88%，主要是由于第一类块茎产量低，表明其抗性水平下降，其危害程度与高度敏感的对照物Diacol Capiro相似，该品种100%出现疾病症状，产量下降89%。具有抗病特性的超级帕斯杜萨基因型和超级帕斯杜萨基因型表现最好，每种情况的严重程度分别为30%，产量分别下降30.5%和40.92%。这些结果强调了这些基因型的重要性，以及它们在通过种植具有良好抗病行为的品种来进行病害综合管理中的支柱作用。
{"title":"Response of commercial potato genotypes Solanum tuberosum L. to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary late blight attack","authors":"D. Rodriguez, P. Uribe, Carlos Andres Benavides","doi":"10.22267/rcia.20234001.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.200","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation is an important agricultural activity in the Andean region. The late blight Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, considered one of the limiting diseases in production, represents a threat to food security and causes losses ranging from 30 to 100% of yield. This research evaluated the response to the disease in four commercial materials widely planted in the department of Nariño. The evaluation was carried out under field conditions, in the municipality of Pasto, at AGROSAVIA's Obonuco research center, with natural inoculum, under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The response variables evaluated were incidence, severity, leaf area index and yield in the commercial categories. The ICA Única variety, reported as highly resistant in 2001, presented damage levels close to 75%, with a yield reduction of 49.88%, caused mainly by low yields of first category tubers, indicating a loss of its level of resistance, with damage levels similar to the highly susceptible control Diacol Capiro, which presented 100% of the area with symptoms of the disease and a reduction of 89% in yield. The genotypes Pastusa Suprema with disease tolerance characteristics and Superior showed the best performance with a severity level of 30% in each case and yield reductions of 30.5% and 40.92%, respectively. The results highlight the importance of these genotypes and their role as pillars in the integrated management of the disease through the planting of varieties with favorable behavior against the disease.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114690705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234001.198
D. Alvarez-Sánchez, Anderson Arévalo, I. F. Benavides, C. Salazar-González, Carlos Betancourth
This study evaluated the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in agricultural disease recognition, specifically for Botrytis fabae symptoms. An experimental bean culture was used to capture images of healthy and affected leaflets, which were then used to perform binary classification and severity classification tests using several CNN models. The results showed that CNN models achieved high accuracy in binary classification, but performance decreased in severity classification due to the complexity of the task. InceptionResNet and ResNet101 were the models that performed best in this task. The study also utilized the Grad-CAM algorithm to identify the most significant B. fabae symptoms recognized by the CNNs. Overall, these findings can be used to develop a smart farming tool for crop production support and plant pathology research.
{"title":"Use of Trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Analysis of Symptoms Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard","authors":"D. Alvarez-Sánchez, Anderson Arévalo, I. F. Benavides, C. Salazar-González, Carlos Betancourth","doi":"10.22267/rcia.20234001.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.198","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in agricultural disease recognition, specifically for Botrytis fabae symptoms. An experimental bean culture was used to capture images of healthy and affected leaflets, which were then used to perform binary classification and severity classification tests using several CNN models. The results showed that CNN models achieved high accuracy in binary classification, but performance decreased in severity classification due to the complexity of the task. InceptionResNet and ResNet101 were the models that performed best in this task. The study also utilized the Grad-CAM algorithm to identify the most significant B. fabae symptoms recognized by the CNNs. Overall, these findings can be used to develop a smart farming tool for crop production support and plant pathology research.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130068762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234001.203
G. Zambrano-Burbano, R. Campos-Gaona, Edmundo Apráez-Guerrero
The specialized herds of the high tropics of Nariño are characterized by semi-intensive breeding models, that is, feeding based on grazing and supplementation. The objective was to analyze the milk production of grazing Holstein cows under conditions of the high tropics, taking into account the energetic and protein metabolites, and their relationship with the dry matter intake (CMS/Kg/d), the body condition (BC), and the reproductive variables. Three periods of lactation were evaluated, thus, between 4-10 days (P1), 45-55 days (P2), and between 185-200 days (P3). The investigation was carried out in four dairy production farms. The forage supply consisted of a mixture of Lolium hybridum, Cenchrus clandestinus Hoschst ex Chiov, Holcus lanatus and Trifolium repens, plus commercial concentrate. A total of 24 Holstein animals (six per productive system) from three births onwards were used, from which blood samples were obtained to determine: non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, total protein (PT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The results showed that milk production during P1 is influenced by CC and body weight (Kg) by +0.04 liters of milk per unit of change in this variable. In P2, the positive incidence variables were PT, BUN, glucose, NEFA, BHB, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and in P3, the increase in CMS made it possible to show that as lactation progresses in more than 180 days, the animals substantially improve their body condition; likewise the NEFA and BHB indicators are related to a better reproductive response.
Nariño高热带地区的专业化畜群的特点是半集约化繁殖模式，即以放牧和补充为基础的喂养。本研究旨在分析高热带条件下放牧荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量，考虑能量和蛋白质代谢产物及其与干物质采食量(CMS/Kg/d)、体况(BC)和生殖变量的关系。分别为4-10天(P1)、45-55天(P2)和185-200天(P3)。调查在四个奶牛场进行。饲料供应主要由黑麦草(Lolium hybridum)、黑麦草(Cenchrus clentius Hoschst ex Chiov)、黑麦草(Holcus lanatus)和三叶草(Trifolium repens)混合，加上商业浓缩物组成。共使用24只荷斯坦动物(每个生产系统6只)，从三个出生开始，从中获得血液样本以测定:非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)， β -羟基丁酸酯(BHB)，甘油三酯，胆固醇，葡萄糖，总蛋白(PT)和血尿素氮(BUN)。结果表明，P1期产奶量受CC和体重(Kg)的影响，该变量每单位变化+0.04升乳汁。在P2中，阳性发生率变量为PT、BUN、葡萄糖、NEFA、BHB、甘油三酯和胆固醇，在P3中，CMS的增加表明，随着泌乳的进行，动物的身体状况明显改善，超过180天;同样，国家经济政策和健康政策指标也与更好的生殖反应有关。
{"title":"Metabolic indicators and their relationship with reproductive efficiency in dairy cows in the high tropics","authors":"G. Zambrano-Burbano, R. Campos-Gaona, Edmundo Apráez-Guerrero","doi":"10.22267/rcia.20234001.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.203","url":null,"abstract":"The specialized herds of the high tropics of Nariño are characterized by semi-intensive breeding models, that is, feeding based on grazing and supplementation. The objective was to analyze the milk production of grazing Holstein cows under conditions of the high tropics, taking into account the energetic and protein metabolites, and their relationship with the dry matter intake (CMS/Kg/d), the body condition (BC), and the reproductive variables. Three periods of lactation were evaluated, thus, between 4-10 days (P1), 45-55 days (P2), and between 185-200 days (P3). The investigation was carried out in four dairy production farms. The forage supply consisted of a mixture of Lolium hybridum, Cenchrus clandestinus Hoschst ex Chiov, Holcus lanatus and Trifolium repens, plus commercial concentrate. A total of 24 Holstein animals (six per productive system) from three births onwards were used, from which blood samples were obtained to determine: non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, total protein (PT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The results showed that milk production during P1 is influenced by CC and body weight (Kg) by +0.04 liters of milk per unit of change in this variable. In P2, the positive incidence variables were PT, BUN, glucose, NEFA, BHB, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and in P3, the increase in CMS made it possible to show that as lactation progresses in more than 180 days, the animals substantially improve their body condition; likewise the NEFA and BHB indicators are related to a better reproductive response.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234001.202
H. Jurado-Gámez, Jhon-Fredy Cerón-Córdoba, Juan Carlos Bolaños-Bolaños
Food-borne diseases (FDB) are responsible for causing approximately 600 million illnesses and 420,000 deaths per year. Biologically related FBDs are typically associated with ubiquitous microorganisms, with bacteria such as Li. monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus being frequently implicated. The use of probiotics is limited by adverse conditions, that can impair the stability of La. reuteri and the evaluation of its probiotic properties and effects on pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to protect probiotics during their use. This study was conducted aiming to determine the effect of microencapsulation by spray drying technique on the probiotic viability of La. reuteri on Li. monocytogenes under simulated gastric conditions. The research involved reconstituting, planting, and inoculating La. reuteri and Li. monocytogenes; determining fermentation kinetics; conducting spray drying microencapsulation; studying and characterizing of microencapsulation; testing for exopolysaccharides production; conducting temperature tests; assessing exposure to gastric conditions; and conducting antibiotic susceptibility and inhibition tests. Such investigations allowed the establishment of the exponential phase in Probiotic (PRO) culture medium at 18 h and in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) medium at 12 h, exopolysaccharide production positive and growth at different temperatures (1.95x1013 CFU/ml and 2.16x1012 CFU/ml), survival against gastric conditions (greater than 108 CFU/ml) and inhibitory effect of La. reuteri on Li. monocytogenes (halos larger than 2 mm). The probiotic La. reuteri microencapsulated in a binary matrix composed of inulin and maltodextrin expresses probiotic properties against Li. monocytogenes, which is responsible for FBD and great stability after undergoing simulated gastric conditions.
{"title":"Effect of microencapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri under simulated gastric conditions and its inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"H. Jurado-Gámez, Jhon-Fredy Cerón-Córdoba, Juan Carlos Bolaños-Bolaños","doi":"10.22267/rcia.20234001.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.202","url":null,"abstract":"Food-borne diseases (FDB) are responsible for causing approximately 600 million illnesses and 420,000 deaths per year. Biologically related FBDs are typically associated with ubiquitous microorganisms, with bacteria such as Li. monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus being frequently implicated. The use of probiotics is limited by adverse conditions, that can impair the stability of La. reuteri and the evaluation of its probiotic properties and effects on pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to protect probiotics during their use. This study was conducted aiming to determine the effect of microencapsulation by spray drying technique on the probiotic viability of La. reuteri on Li. monocytogenes under simulated gastric conditions. The research involved reconstituting, planting, and inoculating La. reuteri and Li. monocytogenes; determining fermentation kinetics; conducting spray drying microencapsulation; studying and characterizing of microencapsulation; testing for exopolysaccharides production; conducting temperature tests; assessing exposure to gastric conditions; and conducting antibiotic susceptibility and inhibition tests. Such investigations allowed the establishment of the exponential phase in Probiotic (PRO) culture medium at 18 h and in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) medium at 12 h, exopolysaccharide production positive and growth at different temperatures (1.95x1013 CFU/ml and 2.16x1012 CFU/ml), survival against gastric conditions (greater than 108 CFU/ml) and inhibitory effect of La. reuteri on Li. monocytogenes (halos larger than 2 mm). The probiotic La. reuteri microencapsulated in a binary matrix composed of inulin and maltodextrin expresses probiotic properties against Li. monocytogenes, which is responsible for FBD and great stability after undergoing simulated gastric conditions.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130123358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.186
Jesús-Geovanny Solarte-Guerrero, William Ballesteros-Possú, J. F. Navia
The characterization of production systems is important to determine limitations and potentialities that allow their management. This type of diagnosis has not been carried out in the study region; therefore, there is no information on cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Therefore, traditional cocoa farms in the municipality of Los Andes, department of Nariño (Colombia), were social and economically characterized. Basic information was reviewed and a semi-structured survey was applied to a stratified random sample of 60 cocoa farmers. Eighteen qualitative and 20 quantitative variables were analyzed simultaneously with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and principal components analysis (PCA). In the PCA, five components explained 58.7% of the variability. The variables with the highest contribution were farm area, income from cocoa yields, income from agricultural production other than cocoa, and family labor. In the MCA, 11 components explained 58.43% of the variability. The most important components were farmers' schooling, transport type, loans, marketing, technical assistance, gender, land tenure, production systems, roads, and domestic animals. Finally, topographic and climatic conditions, inadequate roads and marketing of cocoa and the low adoption of technologies limit the competitiveness of the cocoa farms, hence the need to create favorable conditions to enhance the potential of cocoa agroforests.
{"title":"Socioeconomic analysis of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) agroforest in a tropical dry forest","authors":"Jesús-Geovanny Solarte-Guerrero, William Ballesteros-Possú, J. F. Navia","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.186","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of production systems is important to determine limitations and potentialities that allow their management. This type of diagnosis has not been carried out in the study region; therefore, there is no information on cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Therefore, traditional cocoa farms in the municipality of Los Andes, department of Nariño (Colombia), were social and economically characterized. Basic information was reviewed and a semi-structured survey was applied to a stratified random sample of 60 cocoa farmers. Eighteen qualitative and 20 quantitative variables were analyzed simultaneously with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and principal components analysis (PCA). In the PCA, five components explained 58.7% of the variability. The variables with the highest contribution were farm area, income from cocoa yields, income from agricultural production other than cocoa, and family labor. In the MCA, 11 components explained 58.43% of the variability. The most important components were farmers' schooling, transport type, loans, marketing, technical assistance, gender, land tenure, production systems, roads, and domestic animals. Finally, topographic and climatic conditions, inadequate roads and marketing of cocoa and the low adoption of technologies limit the competitiveness of the cocoa farms, hence the need to create favorable conditions to enhance the potential of cocoa agroforests.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128378310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.189
Angela Maria Castro-Toro, Carlos Alberto Rivillas-Osorio
The Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica complex cause damage to the coffee plants’ roots with loss of productive potential. Traditional management against this complex is based on the use of chemical molecules which causes problems in soil health and harmful to the environment. In this regard, the Micosplag® biotechnological input [Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson, 1974, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin] and Tricho-D® (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions against root-knot nematode complex. A dose of 2g. L-1 of water was used for Micosplag® and 10g. L-1 of water for Tricho-D®, applying a volume of 20mL.1 per plant. The nematode inoculation was carried out eight days after the sowing, using 2500 eggs per plant. Bioinputs were applied preventively and also as bioregulators of an existing nematodes population. Nine treatments, which corresponded to different moments of application of bioinputs in soil and soil plus vermocompost were evaluated. Results showed the lowest levels of infection when the Micosplag® bioinput was applied preventively (infection level of 6%), followed by the Tricho-D® treatment (infection 12%). There were statistical differences with the controls which were inoculated alone with the nematodes. When the two Bioinputs were applied preventively, they offered greater protection to the roots against nematodes. Dry weights of root and the aerial part of the plants showed the lowest values in treatments where the nematode was inoculated. Six months after the experiment was established, the three fungi that compose the Micosplag® Bioinput were isolated from the rhizosphere of the coffee plants.
{"title":"Bio regulation of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood complex in coffee roots","authors":"Angela Maria Castro-Toro, Carlos Alberto Rivillas-Osorio","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.189","url":null,"abstract":"The Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica complex cause damage to the coffee plants’ roots with loss of productive potential. Traditional management against this complex is based on the use of chemical molecules which causes problems in soil health and harmful to the environment. In this regard, the Micosplag® biotechnological input [Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson, 1974, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin] and Tricho-D® (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions against root-knot nematode complex. A dose of 2g. L-1 of water was used for Micosplag® and 10g. L-1 of water for Tricho-D®, applying a volume of 20mL.1 per plant. The nematode inoculation was carried out eight days after the sowing, using 2500 eggs per plant. Bioinputs were applied preventively and also as bioregulators of an existing nematodes population. Nine treatments, which corresponded to different moments of application of bioinputs in soil and soil plus vermocompost were evaluated. Results showed the lowest levels of infection when the Micosplag® bioinput was applied preventively (infection level of 6%), followed by the Tricho-D® treatment (infection 12%). There were statistical differences with the controls which were inoculated alone with the nematodes. When the two Bioinputs were applied preventively, they offered greater protection to the roots against nematodes. Dry weights of root and the aerial part of the plants showed the lowest values in treatments where the nematode was inoculated. Six months after the experiment was established, the three fungi that compose the Micosplag® Bioinput were isolated from the rhizosphere of the coffee plants.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131189276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.188
Luis Carlos Ortega, J. Cañón
The municipality of Pasto (Colombia) is an intermediate, emerging city of the Colombian Andes, which is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to its environmental conditions, mountainous morphology, moderately humid climate, and socio-economic structure. This research aims at identifying the impacts of historical trends in climate variables on the main urban elements of the municipality of Pasto. The study uses the correlational method to determine the relationships between climate variables and some impacted urban elements between 2004 and 2019. The adjusted models allow identifying possible trajectories in the evolution of urban variables affected by climate change, population growth, and culture. Results show that climate variability produces negative quadratic trajectories in crop yields and flood events; positive quadratic patterns in landslides, forest fires, the prevalence of acute diarrheal diseases (ADD), and acute respiratory infections (ARI); and linear patterns in water availability, livestock production and food security. In general, the urban variables show a departure from equilibrium when exposed to higher temperatures and precipitation, which affect the reliability of crop yields, food security, water availability, natural disasters, and public health in the municipality of Pasto.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.190
D. Alvarez-Sánchez, B. Sañudo, C. Salazar-González, Carlos Betancourth
Broad bean cultivation is considered a productive strategy and a component of food sovereignty in Southern Colombia. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to evaluate twelve promising genotypes and two commercial controls, to expand the improved varieties supply of this legume in the future. For this, an experimental assay was established with 14 treatments and four repetitions. Where, 13 agronomic traits and the reaction to the pathogen Botrytis fabae were estimated. The information was analyzed by a simple ANOVA test. Also, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was developed with the traits with the highest coefficient of variation. Results showed genetic diversity, with promising genotypes in relation to the controls. The number of stems, flowering days, pod formation days, pods per plant, weight of one hundred seeds, and yield allowed three groups to be identified by PCA. The first one was made up of two controls, the second group characterized by higher yields, and a third group represented by an intermediate yield added to an earliness condition. These results allow the recognition of candidate genotypes to be included into breeding programs and contribute to the crop protection.
{"title":"Agronomic behavior of broad bean genotypes for the Colombian high andean zone","authors":"D. Alvarez-Sánchez, B. Sañudo, C. Salazar-González, Carlos Betancourth","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.190","url":null,"abstract":"Broad bean cultivation is considered a productive strategy and a component of food sovereignty in Southern Colombia. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to evaluate twelve promising genotypes and two commercial controls, to expand the improved varieties supply of this legume in the future. For this, an experimental assay was established with 14 treatments and four repetitions. Where, 13 agronomic traits and the reaction to the pathogen Botrytis fabae were estimated. The information was analyzed by a simple ANOVA test. Also, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was developed with the traits with the highest coefficient of variation. Results showed genetic diversity, with promising genotypes in relation to the controls. The number of stems, flowering days, pod formation days, pods per plant, weight of one hundred seeds, and yield allowed three groups to be identified by PCA. The first one was made up of two controls, the second group characterized by higher yields, and a third group represented by an intermediate yield added to an earliness condition. These results allow the recognition of candidate genotypes to be included into breeding programs and contribute to the crop protection.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130367929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.22267/rcia.202239e.192
O. Amusa, Fidelis Etuh Okpanachi, Samuel Chimezie Onyeka, Jonathan Samson Damilola, Elizabeth Oluwaseun Olatunji, L. A. Ogunkanmi, Bolanle Olufunmilayo Oboh
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a grain legume crop from the tropics and subtropics cultivated for its highly nutritious seeds. Relatively low yields have been observed among African accession with little information on germplasm performance. Therefore, it is needed to identify resilient germplasm, varieties or accessions to improve agronomic performance. This study assessed the morphological variability among selected accessions of Nigerian pigeonpea to identify potential lines for agronomic improvement. A total of 52 Nigerian pigeonpea accessions were evaluated using 10 qualitative and 13 quantitative morphological traits. They were planted using a completely randomised design. Yield performance, trait correlation, principal component (PC), and cluster analysis were used to identify potential breeding lines. The study revealed a wide variability among pigeonpea accessions with both qualitative and quantitative traits. The 52 pigeonpeas were clustered into three major groups. Four principal components with eigenvalue > 1 accounted for 68.95% of the total variation observed. The first PC accounted for 30.13% with yield components, which include days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to 50% maturity, and vigour at 50% flowering as major contributors. These traits also showed strong significant correlations between themselves. Hence, they can be improved simultaneously. The study identified several potential accessions based on performance that can be selected for multilocational evaluations and crop improvement.
{"title":"Identification of potential agronomic lines among Nigerian pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) accessions for crop improvement","authors":"O. Amusa, Fidelis Etuh Okpanachi, Samuel Chimezie Onyeka, Jonathan Samson Damilola, Elizabeth Oluwaseun Olatunji, L. A. Ogunkanmi, Bolanle Olufunmilayo Oboh","doi":"10.22267/rcia.202239e.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.202239e.192","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a grain legume crop from the tropics and subtropics cultivated for its highly nutritious seeds. Relatively low yields have been observed among African accession with little information on germplasm performance. Therefore, it is needed to identify resilient germplasm, varieties or accessions to improve agronomic performance. This study assessed the morphological variability among selected accessions of Nigerian pigeonpea to identify potential lines for agronomic improvement. A total of 52 Nigerian pigeonpea accessions were evaluated using 10 qualitative and 13 quantitative morphological traits. They were planted using a completely randomised design. Yield performance, trait correlation, principal component (PC), and cluster analysis were used to identify potential breeding lines. The study revealed a wide variability among pigeonpea accessions with both qualitative and quantitative traits. The 52 pigeonpeas were clustered into three major groups. Four principal components with eigenvalue > 1 accounted for 68.95% of the total variation observed. The first PC accounted for 30.13% with yield components, which include days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to 50% maturity, and vigour at 50% flowering as major contributors. These traits also showed strong significant correlations between themselves. Hence, they can be improved simultaneously. The study identified several potential accessions based on performance that can be selected for multilocational evaluations and crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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