Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.163
Juciane Maria Santos Sousa Vieira, R. Romero, Raul Shiso Toma, Jaedson Claudio Anunciato Mota, M. Costa
There is a variation in the depth of subsurface horizon of Planosols in semi-arid region, which may influence the agricultural potential and affect food production. The general aim of this study was to identify potentialities and limitations of two Planosols as a function of subsurface horizon depth. The adjacent profiles P1 and P2 were studied in Pentecoste (Ceará, Brazil). Morphological, physical, and chemical analyses were done aiming at soil characterization. Soil bulk density (BD), porosity, and penetration resistance (PR) were analyzed in a completely randomized split-plot design with four replicates to compare P1 and P2 and the horizons Ap and Btf. Btf was found at 62cm depth in P1 and at 18 cm depth in P2. Indicatives of water saturation were more evident in P2. The profile P1 showed lower hardness and higher friability, as well as higher acidity in subsurface (pHH2O from 4.4 to 4.7) and higher aluminum content (1.2cmolc kg-1). Both profiles were eutrophic and showed low contents of organic carbon (1.5 to 8.5g kg-1) and phosphorus (0.9 to 3.9mg kg-1). The sodium percentage in CEC was 9.1% in P1 and 5.5% in P2. Water retention increases in Btf compared with Ap was 7.3% in P2 and 2.7% in P1. Both profiles showed increase in BD in Btf, reaching 1.7g cm-3, while PR was higher in P2 (1.5 MPa). There are potentialities and limitations common to both soil profiles, but P1 has more physical potentialities and more chemical limitations than P2.
{"title":"Potentialities and limitations of Planosols with distinct depths of diagnostic horizon","authors":"Juciane Maria Santos Sousa Vieira, R. Romero, Raul Shiso Toma, Jaedson Claudio Anunciato Mota, M. Costa","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.163","url":null,"abstract":"There is a variation in the depth of subsurface horizon of Planosols in semi-arid region, which may influence the agricultural potential and affect food production. The general aim of this study was to identify potentialities and limitations of two Planosols as a function of subsurface horizon depth. The adjacent profiles P1 and P2 were studied in Pentecoste (Ceará, Brazil). Morphological, physical, and chemical analyses were done aiming at soil characterization. Soil bulk density (BD), porosity, and penetration resistance (PR) were analyzed in a completely randomized split-plot design with four replicates to compare P1 and P2 and the horizons Ap and Btf. Btf was found at 62cm depth in P1 and at 18 cm depth in P2. Indicatives of water saturation were more evident in P2. The profile P1 showed lower hardness and higher friability, as well as higher acidity in subsurface (pHH2O from 4.4 to 4.7) and higher aluminum content (1.2cmolc kg-1). Both profiles were eutrophic and showed low contents of organic carbon (1.5 to 8.5g kg-1) and phosphorus (0.9 to 3.9mg kg-1). The sodium percentage in CEC was 9.1% in P1 and 5.5% in P2. Water retention increases in Btf compared with Ap was 7.3% in P2 and 2.7% in P1. Both profiles showed increase in BD in Btf, reaching 1.7g cm-3, while PR was higher in P2 (1.5 MPa). There are potentialities and limitations common to both soil profiles, but P1 has more physical potentialities and more chemical limitations than P2.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114284891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global climate change is one of the main factors threatening agriculture. In this context, variations in precipitation have the strongest effect on soil fertility, plant nutrient availability, and erosion. This research aimed to assess soil vulnerability to climate variability in the central coffee-growing region of Colombia. This study analyzed soil components involved in the sustainability of the coffee production system as affected by extreme high and low precipitation events. For evaluation, three sensitivity indices were constructed, with a weighted aggregation structure and with weight values defined from expert knowledge. The indices were estimated by randomly selecting 432 coffee farms in the municipalities of Balboa and Santuario in Risaralda department and Salamina in Caldas department. The soil nutrient availability and conservation vulnerability index was moderate in the three municipalities (Balboa=2.87 and coefficient of variation-CV 13%; Santuario=2.88 and CV 10%; Salamina=2.9 and CV 9%). The soil leaching vulnerability index was very low in Balboa (4.33 and CV 3%) and Salamina (4.74 and CV 7%) and low in Santuario (3.57 and CV 19%). The soil loss vulnerability index was low in Balboa (3.32 and CV 10.03%) and Salamina (3.49 and CV 11.43%) and moderate in Santuario (3.13 and CV 9.34%). Lastly, the vulnerability of coffee-growing soil to climate variability was low in Balboa (3.33) and Salamina (3.45) and moderate in Santuario (3.09). Based on these results, in the three municipalities, coffee growers must introduce farming practices towards improving soil resilience and decreasing soil vulnerability to high and low precipitation extremes by adequately managing the sources and doses of fertilizers, soil conditioners, and compost and by implementing integrated management of weeds and litterfall.
{"title":"Soil vulnerability index to climatic variability in coffee regions of Colombia","authors":"Luz Adriana Lince-Salazar, Siavosh Sadeghian-Khalajabadi, Vanessa Catalina Díaz-Poveda","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.165","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change is one of the main factors threatening agriculture. In this context, variations in precipitation have the strongest effect on soil fertility, plant nutrient availability, and erosion. This research aimed to assess soil vulnerability to climate variability in the central coffee-growing region of Colombia. This study analyzed soil components involved in the sustainability of the coffee production system as affected by extreme high and low precipitation events. For evaluation, three sensitivity indices were constructed, with a weighted aggregation structure and with weight values defined from expert knowledge. The indices were estimated by randomly selecting 432 coffee farms in the municipalities of Balboa and Santuario in Risaralda department and Salamina in Caldas department. The soil nutrient availability and conservation vulnerability index was moderate in the three municipalities (Balboa=2.87 and coefficient of variation-CV 13%; Santuario=2.88 and CV 10%; Salamina=2.9 and CV 9%). The soil leaching vulnerability index was very low in Balboa (4.33 and CV 3%) and Salamina (4.74 and CV 7%) and low in Santuario (3.57 and CV 19%). The soil loss vulnerability index was low in Balboa (3.32 and CV 10.03%) and Salamina (3.49 and CV 11.43%) and moderate in Santuario (3.13 and CV 9.34%). Lastly, the vulnerability of coffee-growing soil to climate variability was low in Balboa (3.33) and Salamina (3.45) and moderate in Santuario (3.09). Based on these results, in the three municipalities, coffee growers must introduce farming practices towards improving soil resilience and decreasing soil vulnerability to high and low precipitation extremes by adequately managing the sources and doses of fertilizers, soil conditioners, and compost and by implementing integrated management of weeds and litterfall.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126753527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.157
Leonel Fernando Arévalo, Germán Felipe Vasco R., Arledys Albino-Bohórquez, J. Morales, T. Bacca
Weeds in coffee crops have diverse ecosystem services, such as sheltering and feeding natural enemies of pest insects. This study aimed to identify the potential of coffee weeds as food and refuge for natural enemies in shaded and sun coffee crops. Weeds were sampled in a 100 m transect installed in each type of coffee crop. Malaise traps and sweep-nets were both used to capture insects every 15 days for five months. After identifying the dominant weeds, observations and a direct recollection of insects were carried out at three different hours during three days. Faunistic analyses were performed, as well as the Bray and Curtis similarity analysis and the Student's t test. Emilia sonchifolia, Acmella oppositifolia, Bidens pilosa were predominant in the free exposure sun plantation coffee crops and Commelina diffusa, Salvia palifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis in under shade coffee crops. High insect activity was found between 11:30 am-12:00 pm. In these weeds, we found about 15 families, the most important were Formicidae, Braconidae, and Coccinellidae. We concluded that the shaded coffee crops exhibited a natural enemy community similar to that of the sun. Through this exploratory study, we verified that weeds harbor a diversity of natural enemies important to the coffee agroecosystems.
{"title":"Coffee crop weeds: refuge and food source for pests’ natural enemies","authors":"Leonel Fernando Arévalo, Germán Felipe Vasco R., Arledys Albino-Bohórquez, J. Morales, T. Bacca","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.157","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds in coffee crops have diverse ecosystem services, such as sheltering and feeding natural enemies of pest insects. This study aimed to identify the potential of coffee weeds as food and refuge for natural enemies in shaded and sun coffee crops. Weeds were sampled in a 100 m transect installed in each type of coffee crop. Malaise traps and sweep-nets were both used to capture insects every 15 days for five months. After identifying the dominant weeds, observations and a direct recollection of insects were carried out at three different hours during three days. Faunistic analyses were performed, as well as the Bray and Curtis similarity analysis and the Student's t test. Emilia sonchifolia, Acmella oppositifolia, Bidens pilosa were predominant in the free exposure sun plantation coffee crops and Commelina diffusa, Salvia palifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis in under shade coffee crops. High insect activity was found between 11:30 am-12:00 pm. In these weeds, we found about 15 families, the most important were Formicidae, Braconidae, and Coccinellidae. We concluded that the shaded coffee crops exhibited a natural enemy community similar to that of the sun. Through this exploratory study, we verified that weeds harbor a diversity of natural enemies important to the coffee agroecosystems. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.159
J. F. Navia, Wilmer Libey Delgado-Gualmatán, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano
Knowing the soil macrofauna and its distribution is important to predict the degradation state of a soil as well as its physical properties and biological components. This research was carried out in coffee ecotopes 220A and 221A in southern Colombia. Two systems were evaluated, Coffea arabica var Castillo and native forest coffee, during two different seasons, winter and summer. Sampling was carried out using the tropical soil biology and fertility program (TSBF) methodology. The statistical treatment was carried out by means of a non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Wall test. The density of orders present per square meter was evaluated, demonstrating that the highest density occurred in the winter season in the ecotope 220A and 221A forest system, with averages of 9.33 orders/ m2 and 9.67 orders/ m2, respectively. The highest number of density of individuals was obtained in winter, in the forest system and coffee in the 220A and 221A ecotopes with averages ranging between 1808 individuals/ m2 and 1368 individuals/ m2, statistically exceeding the number of individuals/ m2 that appeared in summer season. For biomass, the highest contribution was obtained in the winter season, with averages of 186.5 grams/ m2 in the 220A ecotope and 205.74 grams/ m2 for the 221A ecotope, exceeding the biomass that was presented in coffee winter season time, both in the 220A and 221A ecotopes.
了解土壤大型动物及其分布对预测土壤的退化状况、土壤的物理性质和生物成分具有重要意义。这项研究是在哥伦比亚南部的220A和221A咖啡生态环境中进行的。在冬季和夏季两个不同的季节，对两种系统进行了评估，即阿拉比卡咖啡和原生森林咖啡。采用热带土壤生物学和肥力程序(TSBF)方法进行采样。采用非参数方差分析Kruskal-Wall检验进行统计处理。结果表明，220A和221A森林系统冬季密度最高，平均为9.33目/ m2和9.67目/ m2;220A和221A生态区冬季、森林系统和咖啡区个体密度最高，平均在1808 ~ 1368只/ m2之间，统计上超过夏季个体密度。生物量在冬季的贡献最大，220A和221A生境的平均生物量分别为186.5 g / m2和205.74 g / m2，超过了220A和221A生境在咖啡冬季的生物量。
{"title":"Macrofauna evaluation in two coffee agroforestry systems","authors":"J. F. Navia, Wilmer Libey Delgado-Gualmatán, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.159","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the soil macrofauna and its distribution is important to predict the degradation state of a soil as well as its physical properties and biological components. This research was carried out in coffee ecotopes 220A and 221A in southern Colombia. Two systems were evaluated, Coffea arabica var Castillo and native forest coffee, during two different seasons, winter and summer. Sampling was carried out using the tropical soil biology and fertility program (TSBF) methodology. The statistical treatment was carried out by means of a non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Wall test. The density of orders present per square meter was evaluated, demonstrating that the highest density occurred in the winter season in the ecotope 220A and 221A forest system, with averages of 9.33 orders/ m2 and 9.67 orders/ m2, respectively. The highest number of density of individuals was obtained in winter, in the forest system and coffee in the 220A and 221A ecotopes with averages ranging between 1808 individuals/ m2 and 1368 individuals/ m2, statistically exceeding the number of individuals/ m2 that appeared in summer season. For biomass, the highest contribution was obtained in the winter season, with averages of 186.5 grams/ m2 in the 220A ecotope and 205.74 grams/ m2 for the 221A ecotope, exceeding the biomass that was presented in coffee winter season time, both in the 220A and 221A ecotopes.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130831116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.158
Elizabeth Marcela Guerrero-Guerrero, H. Criollo-Escobar, German Cháves, J. A. Vélez
This project is presented as an innovative and clean alternative that optimizes the use of small areas for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) production in the department of Nariño. This research was conducted at the Centro Internacional de Producción Limpia Lope -SENA- Regional Nariño, with the aim of evaluating physical and chemical variables of organic substrates such as coconut fiber, rice husk, and their mixtures for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) variety Albión production in a hydroponic system. Six treatments and four repetitions were performed; the treatments were 100% rice husk, 70% rice husk and 30% coconut fiber mixture, 50% of each of the substrates used, a mixture of 70% coconut fiber and 30% rice husk, 100% coconut fiber, and a control in soil with plastic cover. A comparative analysis was made between the average values obtained in the initial stage and the final stage of the experiment, evaluating physical and chemical properties such as bulk density, real density, gravimetric moisture, granulometry, pH, and electrical conductivity. The experiment showed that taking initial and final measurements of the substrates allows adequate monitoring for optimal crop development since a substrate with a high percentage of particles in the sieve <0.25, electrical conductivities greater than 2000 µS.cm-1, and an increase in bulk density can produce salinization and compaction, negatively impacting the crop.
{"title":"Evaluation of physical and chemical variables of organic substrates in a hydroponic system for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch)","authors":"Elizabeth Marcela Guerrero-Guerrero, H. Criollo-Escobar, German Cháves, J. A. Vélez","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.158","url":null,"abstract":"This project is presented as an innovative and clean alternative that optimizes the use of small areas for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) production in the department of Nariño. This research was conducted at the Centro Internacional de Producción Limpia Lope -SENA- Regional Nariño, with the aim of evaluating physical and chemical variables of organic substrates such as coconut fiber, rice husk, and their mixtures for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) variety Albión production in a hydroponic system. Six treatments and four repetitions were performed; the treatments were 100% rice husk, 70% rice husk and 30% coconut fiber mixture, 50% of each of the substrates used, a mixture of 70% coconut fiber and 30% rice husk, 100% coconut fiber, and a control in soil with plastic cover. A comparative analysis was made between the average values obtained in the initial stage and the final stage of the experiment, evaluating physical and chemical properties such as bulk density, real density, gravimetric moisture, granulometry, pH, and electrical conductivity. The experiment showed that taking initial and final measurements of the substrates allows adequate monitoring for optimal crop development since a substrate with a high percentage of particles in the sieve <0.25, electrical conductivities greater than 2000 µS.cm-1, and an increase in bulk density can produce salinization and compaction, negatively impacting the crop.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121703988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.160
Yelly-Yamparli Pardo-Rozo, Hernán J. Andrade-Castañeda, Jader Muñoz-Ramos, Jaime-Enrique Velásquez-Restrepo
The main strategies to combat climate change are reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, forest plantations, and agroforestry systems. Deforestation and land use changes in the Amazonia bear great responsibility both for the fixation and emission of GHG. The aim of this research was to estimate the carbon stored in above-ground biomass of forests, rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.), and trees in pastures in the Colombian Amazonia piedmont. Data was collected in 40 farms located in the rural area of the municipality of Belén de Los Andaquíes (Colombia). A total of 174 temporal sampling plots of 250 m2 each were established (80 in forests, 40 in rubber plantations and 54 in pastures with trees). In these plots, the diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured in trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm, and the above-ground biomass was estimated with allometric models for the Colombian Amazon. The carbon stored was 154.1 Mg ha-1 in forests, 1.4 Mg ha-1 in pastures with trees and 138.9 Mg ha-1 in rubber plantations. Positive changes for mitigation of climate change could be achieved through the conversion of agricultural areas, mainly pastures, to forests (+560 Mg CO2 ha-1). Likewise, if deforestation stops in the area, the estimated emissions reduction would be 0.16 Tg CO2 year-1.
{"title":"Carbon capture in three land use systems in the Colombian Amazonia","authors":"Yelly-Yamparli Pardo-Rozo, Hernán J. Andrade-Castañeda, Jader Muñoz-Ramos, Jaime-Enrique Velásquez-Restrepo","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.160","url":null,"abstract":"The main strategies to combat climate change are reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, forest plantations, and agroforestry systems. Deforestation and land use changes in the Amazonia bear great responsibility both for the fixation and emission of GHG. The aim of this research was to estimate the carbon stored in above-ground biomass of forests, rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.), and trees in pastures in the Colombian Amazonia piedmont. Data was collected in 40 farms located in the rural area of the municipality of Belén de Los Andaquíes (Colombia). A total of 174 temporal sampling plots of 250 m2 each were established (80 in forests, 40 in rubber plantations and 54 in pastures with trees). In these plots, the diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured in trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm, and the above-ground biomass was estimated with allometric models for the Colombian Amazon. The carbon stored was 154.1 Mg ha-1 in forests, 1.4 Mg ha-1 in pastures with trees and 138.9 Mg ha-1 in rubber plantations. Positive changes for mitigation of climate change could be achieved through the conversion of agricultural areas, mainly pastures, to forests (+560 Mg CO2 ha-1). Likewise, if deforestation stops in the area, the estimated emissions reduction would be 0.16 Tg CO2 year-1.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.22267/rcia.213802.166
Tulio César Lagos-Burbano, Maria Dyanela Betancourt Andrade
Potato fertilization is an important and pricey task, especially when soil analysis is not considered to define fertilization according to its nutritional requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja at different levels of fertilization (LF) in four localities in the department of Nariño. The LF were 0, 60, 70, and 80% of the dose used in the traditional fertilization of the area (900Kg ha-1 of 10-30-10). The split-plot design was used. The LF was located in the main plot, and the genotypes were in the subplots. The genotypes with the best performance in Botana were UdenarStCr10 with 60%, 70%, and 80% LF, UdenarStCr42 with 60% and 80% LF, and UdenarStCr42 with 80% LF with yields between 29.92 and 38.22t ha-1. In the locality of Gualmatán, the best genotype with a LF of 60% was UdenarStCr10, with 70% were UdenarStCr10, UdenarStC42 and UdenarStCr54, and with 80% were UdenarStCr1, UdenarStCr42 and UdenarStCr54 whose yields ranged between 43.58 and 52.91t ha-1. In San Juan, they were UdenarStCr10 with 60% and 80% LF, UdenarStCr42 and UdenarStCr54 with 70% LF with yields between 9.53 and 18.85t ha-1. UdenarStCr1, UdenarStCr10, UdenarStCr42, and UdenarStCr45 responded well to low fertilization levels in all locations. As a result, evaluating them in other environments is recommended to use them as commercial crops or as parents in plant breeding.
{"title":"Fertilization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. group Phureja)","authors":"Tulio César Lagos-Burbano, Maria Dyanela Betancourt Andrade","doi":"10.22267/rcia.213802.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.166","url":null,"abstract":"Potato fertilization is an important and pricey task, especially when soil analysis is not considered to define fertilization according to its nutritional requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja at different levels of fertilization (LF) in four localities in the department of Nariño. The LF were 0, 60, 70, and 80% of the dose used in the traditional fertilization of the area (900Kg ha-1 of 10-30-10). The split-plot design was used. The LF was located in the main plot, and the genotypes were in the subplots. The genotypes with the best performance in Botana were UdenarStCr10 with 60%, 70%, and 80% LF, UdenarStCr42 with 60% and 80% LF, and UdenarStCr42 with 80% LF with yields between 29.92 and 38.22t ha-1. In the locality of Gualmatán, the best genotype with a LF of 60% was UdenarStCr10, with 70% were UdenarStCr10, UdenarStC42 and UdenarStCr54, and with 80% were UdenarStCr1, UdenarStCr42 and UdenarStCr54 whose yields ranged between 43.58 and 52.91t ha-1. In San Juan, they were UdenarStCr10 with 60% and 80% LF, UdenarStCr42 and UdenarStCr54 with 70% LF with yields between 9.53 and 18.85t ha-1. UdenarStCr1, UdenarStCr10, UdenarStCr42, and UdenarStCr45 responded well to low fertilization levels in all locations. As a result, evaluating them in other environments is recommended to use them as commercial crops or as parents in plant breeding.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130902167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The determinant factors of coffee cup quality are highly variable and depend on their interaction with coffee production and benefit. This study aimed to analyze soil and climatic factors and their association with the cup quality of Castillo coffee variety of three to five years of age from production units in ecotypes 220A and 221A of the Department of Nariño. The study farms were located in three different altitudinal ranges: ≤1500 m, between 1501 and 1700 m, and >1700 m. Soil, climate, and coffee cup quality variables were analyzed through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A low level of association was found between climatic and soil nutritional factors and coffee cup quality. Soil Mn, Fe, and Cu contents showed the highest association levels with cup quality, indicated by an average score of 80.89. The highest values of photosynthetically active radiation -PAR- and thermal amplitude were found in La Unión - Nariño, and these variables were associated with the group that obtained the highest cup quality score (82.58). Cup quality was not associated with elevation since the highest scores (85.5 and 82.33) were obtained from production units located at ≤1500 m.a.s.l. and >1700 m.a.s.l, respectively.
咖啡杯质量的决定因素变化很大，取决于它们与咖啡生产和效益的相互作用。本研究旨在分析土壤和气候因素及其与Nariño部门220A和221A生态型生产单位3 - 5年卡斯蒂略咖啡品种杯品质的关系。研究农场分布在海拔≤1500 m、1501 ~ 1700 m和>1700 m 3个不同的海拔范围。通过主成分分析和聚类分析对土壤、气候和咖啡杯质量变量进行分析。气候和土壤营养因素与咖啡杯质量之间的关联程度较低。土壤锰、铁、铜含量与杯子品质的相关性最高，平均得分为80.89。La Unión - Nariño的光合有效辐射par和热幅值最高，这些变量与获得最高杯质评分(82.58)的组相关。杯子质量与海拔无关，因为最高分数(85.5和82.33)分别来自位于≤1500 m.a.s.l和>1700 m.a.s.l的生产单位。
{"title":"Environmental offering and coffee cup quality (Coffea arabica L.) Var. Castillo in southern Colombia","authors":"Claudia Patricia Criollo-Velásquez, Johana Alixa Muñoz-Belalcazar, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano","doi":"10.22267/RCIA.203702.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/RCIA.203702.140","url":null,"abstract":"The determinant factors of coffee cup quality are highly variable and depend on their interaction with coffee production and benefit. This study aimed to analyze soil and climatic factors and their association with the cup quality of Castillo coffee variety of three to five years of age from production units in ecotypes 220A and 221A of the Department of Nariño. The study farms were located in three different altitudinal ranges: ≤1500 m, between 1501 and 1700 m, and >1700 m. Soil, climate, and coffee cup quality variables were analyzed through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A low level of association was found between climatic and soil nutritional factors and coffee cup quality. Soil Mn, Fe, and Cu contents showed the highest association levels with cup quality, indicated by an average score of 80.89. The highest values of photosynthetically active radiation -PAR- and thermal amplitude were found in La Unión - Nariño, and these variables were associated with the group that obtained the highest cup quality score (82.58). Cup quality was not associated with elevation since the highest scores (85.5 and 82.33) were obtained from production units located at ≤1500 m.a.s.l. and >1700 m.a.s.l, respectively.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133200044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.22267/rcia.203702.133
Leandro Argotte, O. Barreiro, Néstor Enrique Cerquera, H. T. Castro
Phosphoric rock is the main source of phosphorus used in fertilizers. In most cases, it is applied alone or mixed with other nutrients in water; however, its low solubility means that it is not used efficiently, causing excess phosphorus to be wasted. As a result, it generates economic expenses to the farmer, or causing problems of eutrophication in water sources. In this article, different mixtures of solubilizing fungi with coffee pulp stillage were studied to improve phosphates’ solubility in phosphate rock. Despite that in different studies is clear the fungi’s role in P solubilization, its application on soils is still made without any additional treatment. Phosphoric rock samples were obtained from the municipality of Aipe (Huila) and were treated for 6 weeks with coffee pulp stillage (Coffea arabica) and inoculums of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp, pH and temperature controlled. The fungus species were obtained from environmental media on PDA culture, then it was isolated and identified on MEA culture according to standard morphologic identification methods. Aspergillus niger showed greater mycelial growth in the stillage and a higher concentration of phosphates dissolved in the aqueous phase (72 ± 31 M) compared to Penicillium sp. The mixture of the two fungi in the treatments allowed to obtain the highest percentage of phosphates (17.8% of the phosphate soluble in H2SO4 40% v / v).
磷矿是化肥中磷的主要来源。在大多数情况下，它单独使用或与水中的其他营养素混合使用;然而，它的低溶解度意味着它不能有效地利用，导致多余的磷被浪费。因此，它给农民带来了经济上的损失，或者造成了水源富营养化的问题。本文研究了不同的增溶真菌与咖啡浆蒸馏液的混合，以提高磷酸盐在磷矿中的溶解度。尽管在不同的研究中明确了真菌在磷增溶中的作用，但其在土壤上的应用仍然没有任何额外的处理。磷岩样品取自艾佩市(惠拉)，用咖啡浆蒸馏液(阿拉比卡咖啡)和黑曲霉和青霉接种剂处理6周，控制pH和温度。从环境培养基中获得菌种，在PDA培养基上进行分离，然后在MEA培养基上按照标准的形态鉴定方法进行鉴定。与青霉相比，黑曲霉在静止液中的菌丝生长更快，在水相中溶解的磷酸盐浓度更高(72±31 M)。两种真菌的混合物在处理中可以获得最高的磷酸盐百分比(17.8%的磷酸盐可溶于H2SO4 40% v / v)。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.22267/rcia.203702.138
Pedro Pablo Bacca, Jhon Jairo Zuluaga, J. I. Pérez, D. Burbano, M. R. Palacio
Understanding seed germination of native forest species of the Tropical wet forest is essential for ecosystem regeneration and conservation, which have been affected by the exploitation of wood and non-wood forest products. Carapa guianensis Aulb. (Meliaceae) has been exploited due to the high quality of its wood and seeds. Particularly, the latter is a source of a medicinal oil of high value to the pharmaceutical industry. The indiscriminate use of this species has reduced its population size; therefore, scientific knowledge of its sexual propagation in nurseries is vital. This research aimed to evaluate seed germination of C. guianensis under different pre-germination treatments and substrates at the Centro de Investigación El Mira of AGROSAVIA. Pre-germination assays were conducted in a split-plot design with a random distribution of four repetitions. The cumulative germination percentage (CGP) and mean germination time (t50) were calculated and analyzed through an ANOVA, and Tukey’s multiple comparison test using InfoStat V.2016. Significant differences for CGP among treatments (p<0.0001) and interactions (p<0.0096) were found. The highest germination percentage (61%) was achieved in S1+T4; however, the T50 did not show significant differences (p=0.24). This research demonstrates that the highest germination percentage is achieved through a scarification treatment with imbibition in sand substrate under the agroclimatic conditions of Tumaco.
热带湿森林原生森林物种种子萌发的研究对受木材和非木材林产品开发影响的热带湿森林生态系统的更新和保护具有重要意义。广西山核桃。由于其木材和种子的高质量，它已被开发利用。特别是，后者是对制药工业具有高价值的药用油的来源。对这个物种的滥用已经减少了它的种群规模;因此，对苗圃有性繁殖的科学认识是至关重要的。在AGROSAVIA的Investigación El Mira中心，对不同萌发前处理和基质条件下的桂树种子萌发进行了研究。发芽前试验采用裂区设计，随机分布4次重复。累积发芽率(CGP)和平均发芽时间(t50)通过方差分析计算和Tukey多重比较检验，使用InfoStat V.2016进行分析。两组间CGP差异显著(p<0.0001)，相互作用差异显著(p<0.0096)。S1+T4发芽率最高，为61%;T50无显著性差异(p=0.24)。本研究表明，在图马科的农业气候条件下，砂底渗吸刻蚀处理的发芽率最高。
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