Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.184
Anderson Leonardo Castilla, J. Mora-Delgado, M. Rodríguez-Márquez, Jaime Lopez
The research question is how do some biotic and abiotic variables, under a silvopastoral system exert influence on the animal movement? These studies have been carried out through different approaches and have included analyses from empirical to statistical. The aim of this study was to relate cattle grazing sites with some biotic and abiotic factors under a silvopastoral system. The fieldwork was carried out in a paddock of the farm La Reforma located in the upper part of the Magdalena River basin (Tolima, Colombia). Through global positioning devices (GPS), movement, grazing route, and resting data that cattle perform in these habitats during daytime hours were obtained. Six cows (460 kg live weight, not pregnant) were monitored during two periods of the year at one-minute time intervals. Data were processed in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment, and mechanisms and algorithms were used to establish an association of moving animals with some biotic (pasture productivity and cover, trees, and floristic composition) and abiotic factors (climatological season, access to drinking and salt troughs). The results suggest an association between animal movement concerning the different attractants for which the drinking and salt troughs in the paddocks were relevant. In conclusion, the analysis of animal behavior at the landscape level is useful for decision-making in the design of livestock landscapes.
{"title":"Cattle movement as a function of some biotic and abiotic factors in a tropical pasture","authors":"Anderson Leonardo Castilla, J. Mora-Delgado, M. Rodríguez-Márquez, Jaime Lopez","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.184","url":null,"abstract":"The research question is how do some biotic and abiotic variables, under a silvopastoral system exert influence on the animal movement? These studies have been carried out through different approaches and have included analyses from empirical to statistical. The aim of this study was to relate cattle grazing sites with some biotic and abiotic factors under a silvopastoral system. The fieldwork was carried out in a paddock of the farm La Reforma located in the upper part of the Magdalena River basin (Tolima, Colombia). Through global positioning devices (GPS), movement, grazing route, and resting data that cattle perform in these habitats during daytime hours were obtained. Six cows (460 kg live weight, not pregnant) were monitored during two periods of the year at one-minute time intervals. Data were processed in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment, and mechanisms and algorithms were used to establish an association of moving animals with some biotic (pasture productivity and cover, trees, and floristic composition) and abiotic factors (climatological season, access to drinking and salt troughs). The results suggest an association between animal movement concerning the different attractants for which the drinking and salt troughs in the paddocks were relevant. In conclusion, the analysis of animal behavior at the landscape level is useful for decision-making in the design of livestock landscapes.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121615165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.191
Sabrina Helena Araujo, O. Júnior, Luis Oswaldo Viteri, Raimundo Wagner Aguiar, E. E. Oliveira, G. R. Santos
The identification of resistance of plants to pathogens is crucial for the development of hybrids by breeding programs. To achieve that, it is of great relevance to establish effective inoculation methods for characterizing genotypes with adequate plant resistance levels. Several inoculation methods have been investigated in the search for resistance to corn ear rot disease. However, studies evaluating different corn genotypes cultivated under Neotropical field conditions remain unexplored. Here, we compared three inoculation methods (i.e., aspersion, injectable, and natural) of Fusarium verticillioides in corn ears, and evaluated disease severity and grain yield of 10 corn genotypes. The experiments were conducted in two consecutive experimental corn crop (i.e., 2015 and 2016) seasons located in cities with different environmental temperatures and belonging to different Brazilian states (i.e., Gurupi – Tocantins State, Itumbiara – Goiás State, Planaltina – Brazilian Federal District, and Toledo – Paraná State). We evaluated the mass of 1000 grains and the severity of the disease. Regarding the disease severity, our results showed that the artificial inoculation was more efficient in the regions of Planaltina and Toledo, not affecting grains’ mass in these localities. The severity of disease on the conditions of Toledo was similar for the ten genotypes. However, it was possible to identify two contrasting genotypes since P4285H (low severity) and 32R48YH (medium severity) exhibited significantly more disease symptoms in all other regions. Although the differences regarding the efficiency of inoculation methods are more evident in regions with milder temperatures, the results showed that the characterization of genotypes susceptible to the pathogen is more efficient in regions with higher temperatures.
{"title":"Efficiency of inoculation methods for genotypes selection in corn ear rot disease studies","authors":"Sabrina Helena Araujo, O. Júnior, Luis Oswaldo Viteri, Raimundo Wagner Aguiar, E. E. Oliveira, G. R. Santos","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.191","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of resistance of plants to pathogens is crucial for the development of hybrids by breeding programs. To achieve that, it is of great relevance to establish effective inoculation methods for characterizing genotypes with adequate plant resistance levels. Several inoculation methods have been investigated in the search for resistance to corn ear rot disease. However, studies evaluating different corn genotypes cultivated under Neotropical field conditions remain unexplored. Here, we compared three inoculation methods (i.e., aspersion, injectable, and natural) of Fusarium verticillioides in corn ears, and evaluated disease severity and grain yield of 10 corn genotypes. The experiments were conducted in two consecutive experimental corn crop (i.e., 2015 and 2016) seasons located in cities with different environmental temperatures and belonging to different Brazilian states (i.e., Gurupi – Tocantins State, Itumbiara – Goiás State, Planaltina – Brazilian Federal District, and Toledo – Paraná State). We evaluated the mass of 1000 grains and the severity of the disease. Regarding the disease severity, our results showed that the artificial inoculation was more efficient in the regions of Planaltina and Toledo, not affecting grains’ mass in these localities. The severity of disease on the conditions of Toledo was similar for the ten genotypes. However, it was possible to identify two contrasting genotypes since P4285H (low severity) and 32R48YH (medium severity) exhibited significantly more disease symptoms in all other regions. Although the differences regarding the efficiency of inoculation methods are more evident in regions with milder temperatures, the results showed that the characterization of genotypes susceptible to the pathogen is more efficient in regions with higher temperatures.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130784104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.183
Siavosh Sadeghian-Khalajabadi, José-Ricardo Acuña-Zornosa, L. Salazar-Gutiérrez, Juan-Camilo Rey-Sandoval
World production of coffee (Coffea spp.) has increased in recent decades due to its growing demand. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required nutrients by coffee crops and in many cases, the most yield-limiting; nevertheless, a high percentage of supplied N is lost, generating pollution, greenhouse gases, and economic losses. Given this scenario, it is a priority to adopt practices that increase nitrogen use efficiency related to the capacity of plants to absorb and use N to produce biomass. This article provides context about NUE and determining factors in coffee: plant, soil, climate, and management. On the plant side, despite advances in genetics and the results of genotype evaluation, it may be a decade or more before improved coffee varieties with high EUN become available or used in world coffee farming. Both the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and the elements of the climate, mainly temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, have an influence on coffee growth and many of the processes that intervene in the N cycle and NUE; however, some components of these two factors are not fully controllable. Management of the factors that determine NUE should focus on reducing N losses in the system, increasing its uptake and utilization by plants, and maintaining or increasing productivity.
{"title":"Determinants of nitrogen use efficiency in coffee crops. A review","authors":"Siavosh Sadeghian-Khalajabadi, José-Ricardo Acuña-Zornosa, L. Salazar-Gutiérrez, Juan-Camilo Rey-Sandoval","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.183","url":null,"abstract":"World production of coffee (Coffea spp.) has increased in recent decades due to its growing demand. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required nutrients by coffee crops and in many cases, the most yield-limiting; nevertheless, a high percentage of supplied N is lost, generating pollution, greenhouse gases, and economic losses. Given this scenario, it is a priority to adopt practices that increase nitrogen use efficiency related to the capacity of plants to absorb and use N to produce biomass. This article provides context about NUE and determining factors in coffee: plant, soil, climate, and management. On the plant side, despite advances in genetics and the results of genotype evaluation, it may be a decade or more before improved coffee varieties with high EUN become available or used in world coffee farming. Both the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and the elements of the climate, mainly temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, have an influence on coffee growth and many of the processes that intervene in the N cycle and NUE; however, some components of these two factors are not fully controllable. Management of the factors that determine NUE should focus on reducing N losses in the system, increasing its uptake and utilization by plants, and maintaining or increasing productivity.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.180
C. Salazar-González, Omar Yela-Caicedo, Bladimir Gomez-Espinoza
In Colombia, vascular rotting of passion fruit (P. ligularis) caused by the fungus Fusarium is considered the most important pathological problem in the cultivation of this fruit. Plants affected by the pathogen wilt and die, causing considerable yield losses and increased production costs. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability of the Fusarium species associated with this disease. For this, 50 samples were collected from producing farms in three municipalities of the department of Nariño. A total of 35 isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphological identification was carried out using taxonomic keys. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR with primers ITS1 – ITS4 and TEF1α. The PCR products were sent to Macrogen (Korea) for sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae is associated as a causal agent of the disease. In addition, the presence of Ilyonectria robusta was determined, which, has not been reported before in passion fruit plants. The phylogenetic analysis allowed determine that there was little variability among the isolates evaluated; no grouping was observed associated to the geographical origin of the samples. The morphological characters corroborated the species information obtained from the molecular analysis.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated vascular wilt in passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis JUSS)","authors":"C. Salazar-González, Omar Yela-Caicedo, Bladimir Gomez-Espinoza","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.180","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, vascular rotting of passion fruit (P. ligularis) caused by the fungus Fusarium is considered the most important pathological problem in the cultivation of this fruit. Plants affected by the pathogen wilt and die, causing considerable yield losses and increased production costs. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability of the Fusarium species associated with this disease. For this, 50 samples were collected from producing farms in three municipalities of the department of Nariño. A total of 35 isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphological identification was carried out using taxonomic keys. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR with primers ITS1 – ITS4 and TEF1α. The PCR products were sent to Macrogen (Korea) for sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae is associated as a causal agent of the disease. In addition, the presence of Ilyonectria robusta was determined, which, has not been reported before in passion fruit plants. The phylogenetic analysis allowed determine that there was little variability among the isolates evaluated; no grouping was observed associated to the geographical origin of the samples. The morphological characters corroborated the species information obtained from the molecular analysis.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121032911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.187
Ruben Darío Blanco-Fuentes, Leider José Castro-Torres, M. Espitia-Camacho, Hérmes Araméndiz-Tatis, C. Cardona-Ayala
Caesalpinia ebano is a tropical tree from Colombia; its conservation status is in the endangered category since the remaining populations are suffering genetic erosion. The objective of this study was to estimate the phenotypic (rF) and genetic (rG) correlations among biometric fruit and seeds traits, and the path analysis for the fruit weight. Ten trees (treatments) were evaluated under the random effects model, with 10 fruits/tree as replications. There was significant variability between trees for seven quantitative traits. The fruit weight showed genetic correlations with six traits (0.56* > rG < 1.00**). The number and weight of the seeds per fruit showed high genetic correlations with five traits (rG ≥ 0.85**). The weight of the seeds per fruit exerted direct and indirect effects of greater importance in determining the fruit weight. It is possible to improve the production and physiological quality of the seed by directly selecting trees with fruits of greater seed weight.
{"title":"Path analysis between fruit biometric traits of Caesalpinia ebano H. Karst","authors":"Ruben Darío Blanco-Fuentes, Leider José Castro-Torres, M. Espitia-Camacho, Hérmes Araméndiz-Tatis, C. Cardona-Ayala","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.187","url":null,"abstract":"Caesalpinia ebano is a tropical tree from Colombia; its conservation status is in the endangered category since the remaining populations are suffering genetic erosion. The objective of this study was to estimate the phenotypic (rF) and genetic (rG) correlations among biometric fruit and seeds traits, and the path analysis for the fruit weight. Ten trees (treatments) were evaluated under the random effects model, with 10 fruits/tree as replications. There was significant variability between trees for seven quantitative traits. The fruit weight showed genetic correlations with six traits (0.56* > rG < 1.00**). The number and weight of the seeds per fruit showed high genetic correlations with five traits (rG ≥ 0.85**). The weight of the seeds per fruit exerted direct and indirect effects of greater importance in determining the fruit weight. It is possible to improve the production and physiological quality of the seed by directly selecting trees with fruits of greater seed weight.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132538822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.174
L. Galon, C. O. Santin, A. L. Radünz, A. Andres, G. Concenço, A. F. da Silva, F. Nonemacher, G. F. Perin, I. Aspiazú
Among the weeds that interfere with the growth and development of sweet sorghum, beggar ticks stands out, because it has a high competitive capacity for the available resources. This study aims to compare the competitive ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.), as a function of cultivar and plant proportion. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments were arranged in replacement series in the proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% (sorghum:weed) equivalent to 20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot with 8 dm3 capacity of sweet sorghum (cultivars ‘BRS 506’, ‘BRS 509’ or ‘BRS 511’) against hairy beggarticks. Fifty days after emergence, plant leaf area (LA), aboveground dry mass (DM), photosynthesis (A), and transpiration rates (E) were measured. Competitive ability was analyzed by using the graphical analysis method and building diagrams based on total and relative productivity. Competitiveness, clustering coefficient, and aggressiveness were also determined. Sorghum cultivars, in general, showed losses independently of the proportion of hairy beggarticks. Statistical analysis showed small differences in competitive ability among sorghum cultivars; ‘BRS 509’ was also demonstrated to be slightly more competitive than ‘BRS 506’ and ‘BRS 511’ against hairy beggarticks. This, however, is unlikely to provide a competitive advantage for ‘BRS 509’ in production fields, and hairy beggarticks should be efficiently controlled early in the crop cycle to avoid productivity losses, independently of the sorghum cultivar.
{"title":"Competitive ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars against hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.)","authors":"L. Galon, C. O. Santin, A. L. Radünz, A. Andres, G. Concenço, A. F. da Silva, F. Nonemacher, G. F. Perin, I. Aspiazú","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.174","url":null,"abstract":"Among the weeds that interfere with the growth and development of sweet sorghum, beggar ticks stands out, because it has a high competitive capacity for the available resources. This study aims to compare the competitive ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.), as a function of cultivar and plant proportion. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments were arranged in replacement series in the proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% (sorghum:weed) equivalent to 20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot with 8 dm3 capacity of sweet sorghum (cultivars ‘BRS 506’, ‘BRS 509’ or ‘BRS 511’) against hairy beggarticks. Fifty days after emergence, plant leaf area (LA), aboveground dry mass (DM), photosynthesis (A), and transpiration rates (E) were measured. Competitive ability was analyzed by using the graphical analysis method and building diagrams based on total and relative productivity. Competitiveness, clustering coefficient, and aggressiveness were also determined. Sorghum cultivars, in general, showed losses independently of the proportion of hairy beggarticks. Statistical analysis showed small differences in competitive ability among sorghum cultivars; ‘BRS 509’ was also demonstrated to be slightly more competitive than ‘BRS 506’ and ‘BRS 511’ against hairy beggarticks. This, however, is unlikely to provide a competitive advantage for ‘BRS 509’ in production fields, and hairy beggarticks should be efficiently controlled early in the crop cycle to avoid productivity losses, independently of the sorghum cultivar.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130761067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.172
Adriane Witkovski, Alberto Ricardo Stefeni, Jean Carlo Possenti, Adriana Bezerra De Lima, C. Deuner, Vitor Rampazzo-Favoretto
Solid matrix priming (matriconditioning) permits slow seed hydration, and germination and emergence period reduction. In general, seeds need to be soaked to start their germination process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the matriconditioning under the imbibition curve and the physiological performance of two lots of chia seeds with different qualities. The study was performed with chia seeds harvested by small-scale farmers. To estimate the imbibition curve, seeds from both lots were started in the imbibition process on a stainless-steel screen placed in plastic boxes, containing 55.5 grams of sterilized vermiculite and moisturized with distilled water at 100% of their retention capability. The imbibition curve weights were made 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 hours after the process had started. Simultaneously, in each evaluation period, seeds were submitted to the following tests: germination, first count of germination, plantlet shoot, root and total lengths, emergence velocity index and average time, and accumulated emergence. A completely randomized experimental design was used. It was possible to conclude that the beginning of phase II of germination in matriconditioned seeds varies in function of the chia seeds' lot quality. The matriconditioning contributes to the physiological performance, increasing and accelerating plantlets' emergence.
{"title":"Matriconditioning effect on the physiological performance of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.)","authors":"Adriane Witkovski, Alberto Ricardo Stefeni, Jean Carlo Possenti, Adriana Bezerra De Lima, C. Deuner, Vitor Rampazzo-Favoretto","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.172","url":null,"abstract":"Solid matrix priming (matriconditioning) permits slow seed hydration, and germination and emergence period reduction. In general, seeds need to be soaked to start their germination process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the matriconditioning under the imbibition curve and the physiological performance of two lots of chia seeds with different qualities. The study was performed with chia seeds harvested by small-scale farmers. To estimate the imbibition curve, seeds from both lots were started in the imbibition process on a stainless-steel screen placed in plastic boxes, containing 55.5 grams of sterilized vermiculite and moisturized with distilled water at 100% of their retention capability. The imbibition curve weights were made 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 hours after the process had started. Simultaneously, in each evaluation period, seeds were submitted to the following tests: germination, first count of germination, plantlet shoot, root and total lengths, emergence velocity index and average time, and accumulated emergence. A completely randomized experimental design was used. It was possible to conclude that the beginning of phase II of germination in matriconditioned seeds varies in function of the chia seeds' lot quality. The matriconditioning contributes to the physiological performance, increasing and accelerating plantlets' emergence.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128744460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.173
A. Parra-Coronado, G. Fischer, H. E. Balaguera-López, L. Melgarejo
The impact of altitude on the different sugars and acids of the feijoa fruit is unknown. For that reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the altitudinal effect on the content of organic acids (citric and malic) and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) during the development of feijoa fruits. The study took place in the towns of Tenjo (2,580 m asl with 12.3°C, 76.4% RH, 190mm precipitation) and San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m asl, with 18.5°C; 86.1% RH, 573 mm precipitation), located in Cundinamarca (Colombia). In the first locality (Tenjo), the fruits developed with 1,979 growth degree days (GDD) (180 days after anthesis (daa), while in the second locality (San Francisco), 2,728 GDD were required (155 daa). For organic acids, the predominant acid was citric. During the fruit development, the contents of these acids presented low values with a later irregular behavior, finally showing 14.21mg g-1 FW (fresh weight) at harvest for citric acid at San Francisco and 7.95mg g-1 FW at Tenjo. For malic acid, 9.14mg g-1 FW was recorded in San Francisco, and 6.88mg g-1 FW in Tenjo, with significant differences for citric acid between altitudes. The monosaccharides fructose and glucose increased during fruit development. However, the disaccharide sucrose showed a significant much higher content at 2,580 m asl (4.27mg g-1 FW) than at 1,800 m asl (1.03mg g-1 FW), for which it is concluded that the higher temperature in the low locality originated greater respiration and loss of sucrose in the fruit.
海拔对feijoa果实中不同的糖和酸的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是评估海拔对菲荷果发育过程中有机酸(柠檬酸和苹果酸)和糖(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)含量的影响。该研究在Tenjo(海拔2580米，12.3°C, 76.4% RH, 190毫米降水)和San Francisco de Sales(海拔1800米，18.5°C;相对湿度86.1%，降水量573毫米)，位于哥伦比亚的Cundinamarca。在第一个地点(天町)，果实发育需要1979个生长度数(GDD)(开花后180天)，而在第二个地点(旧金山)，需要2728个生长度数(155天)。有机酸的优势酸是柠檬酸。在果实发育过程中，这些酸的含量呈低值变化，后来呈不规则变化，最终在收获时，旧金山的柠檬酸含量为14.21mg g-1 FW(鲜重)，天条的柠檬酸含量为7.95mg g-1 FW。苹果酸在旧金山地区为9.14mg g-1 FW，在天朝地区为6.88mg g-1 FW，而柠檬酸在不同海拔地区差异显著。单糖、果糖和葡萄糖在果实发育过程中增加。然而，在2580 m asl (4.27mg g-1 FW)下，双糖蔗糖的含量显著高于1800 m asl (1.03mg g-1 FW)，由此得出结论，低海拔地区较高的温度导致了果实中更多的呼吸和蔗糖的损失。
{"title":"Sugar and organic acids content in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) fruits, grown at two altitudes","authors":"A. Parra-Coronado, G. Fischer, H. E. Balaguera-López, L. Melgarejo","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.173","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of altitude on the different sugars and acids of the feijoa fruit is unknown. For that reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the altitudinal effect on the content of organic acids (citric and malic) and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) during the development of feijoa fruits. The study took place in the towns of Tenjo (2,580 m asl with 12.3°C, 76.4% RH, 190mm precipitation) and San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m asl, with 18.5°C; 86.1% RH, 573 mm precipitation), located in Cundinamarca (Colombia). In the first locality (Tenjo), the fruits developed with 1,979 growth degree days (GDD) (180 days after anthesis (daa), while in the second locality (San Francisco), 2,728 GDD were required (155 daa). For organic acids, the predominant acid was citric. During the fruit development, the contents of these acids presented low values with a later irregular behavior, finally showing 14.21mg g-1 FW (fresh weight) at harvest for citric acid at San Francisco and 7.95mg g-1 FW at Tenjo. For malic acid, 9.14mg g-1 FW was recorded in San Francisco, and 6.88mg g-1 FW in Tenjo, with significant differences for citric acid between altitudes. The monosaccharides fructose and glucose increased during fruit development. However, the disaccharide sucrose showed a significant much higher content at 2,580 m asl (4.27mg g-1 FW) than at 1,800 m asl (1.03mg g-1 FW), for which it is concluded that the higher temperature in the low locality originated greater respiration and loss of sucrose in the fruit.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128411636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.171
Cesar Albornoz-Bucheli, C. Benavides-Cardona, Diego Muñoz-Guerrero
In conventional agricultural production systems, soil management is generally carried out without considering the spatial variability of its properties. This situation generates not only soil degradation but also an increase in production costs associated with the management of this factor. The objective of this research was to evaluate, through geostatistical methods, the spatial variability of soil fertility in Botana Experimental Farm of Universidad de Nariño. Spatial variability maps were estimated using the ArcGIS 10 program, the Kriging interpolation method, and the optimal ranges of soil fertility for the Andean region as projection parameters for making decisions related to land use. The fertility zoning of the farm was established, classifying soil as having high, medium, and low fertility. Most of the experimental farm had low fertility soils (20.7ha), and only 3ha had good conditions. Statistical analysis indicated a high variability in soil chemical properties. Properties such as pH and bulk density showed low variability.
{"title":"Geostatistical methods applied to soil fertility zoning","authors":"Cesar Albornoz-Bucheli, C. Benavides-Cardona, Diego Muñoz-Guerrero","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.171","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional agricultural production systems, soil management is generally carried out without considering the spatial variability of its properties. This situation generates not only soil degradation but also an increase in production costs associated with the management of this factor. The objective of this research was to evaluate, through geostatistical methods, the spatial variability of soil fertility in Botana Experimental Farm of Universidad de Nariño. Spatial variability maps were estimated using the ArcGIS 10 program, the Kriging interpolation method, and the optimal ranges of soil fertility for the Andean region as projection parameters for making decisions related to land use. The fertility zoning of the farm was established, classifying soil as having high, medium, and low fertility. Most of the experimental farm had low fertility soils (20.7ha), and only 3ha had good conditions. Statistical analysis indicated a high variability in soil chemical properties. Properties such as pH and bulk density showed low variability.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126319327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.170
A. D. Santiago, S. O. Procópio, C. Ferreira, G.B.P. Braz
The interrow spacing commonly used in cassava cultivation in Brazil, especially in the Agreste region of Alagoas, ranges from 100 to 120cm. However, the reduction in row spacing can provide agronomic and environmental benefits in cassava cropping systems. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the performance of two cassava varieties cultivated with reduced interrow spacing. Two experiments were conducted in the field, one in 2015/16 and another in 2017/18. A Split Plot design with four replications was used in both experiments. Four interrow spacing were evaluated in the main plot: 60, 80, 100 and 120cm, with plants spaced 60cm apart within rows, giving populations of 27,778, 20,833, 16,667 and 13,889 plants per hectare, respectively. In the subplots, two cassava varieties were evaluated: Caravela and Pretinha. An increase in interrow spacing promoted a linear reduction in the stem green mass of cassava. Plant height, leaf green mass, main stem diameter, root yield, tuberous root length, tuberous root diameter, flour percentage, flour yield, and starch content were not influenced by changes in interrow spacing. The Pretinha variety was superior to Caravela in the following evaluated traits: stem green mass, the diameter of tuberous roots, root yield, plant height, and flour yield. The results indicate the possibility of altering the interrow spacing in cassava to assist in the cultural management, without impacting crop yield.
{"title":"Reduction of interrow spacing in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production","authors":"A. D. Santiago, S. O. Procópio, C. Ferreira, G.B.P. Braz","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.170","url":null,"abstract":"The interrow spacing commonly used in cassava cultivation in Brazil, especially in the Agreste region of Alagoas, ranges from 100 to 120cm. However, the reduction in row spacing can provide agronomic and environmental benefits in cassava cropping systems. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the performance of two cassava varieties cultivated with reduced interrow spacing. Two experiments were conducted in the field, one in 2015/16 and another in 2017/18. A Split Plot design with four replications was used in both experiments. Four interrow spacing were evaluated in the main plot: 60, 80, 100 and 120cm, with plants spaced 60cm apart within rows, giving populations of 27,778, 20,833, 16,667 and 13,889 plants per hectare, respectively. In the subplots, two cassava varieties were evaluated: Caravela and Pretinha. An increase in interrow spacing promoted a linear reduction in the stem green mass of cassava. Plant height, leaf green mass, main stem diameter, root yield, tuberous root length, tuberous root diameter, flour percentage, flour yield, and starch content were not influenced by changes in interrow spacing. The Pretinha variety was superior to Caravela in the following evaluated traits: stem green mass, the diameter of tuberous roots, root yield, plant height, and flour yield. The results indicate the possibility of altering the interrow spacing in cassava to assist in the cultural management, without impacting crop yield. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124432425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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