Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22267/rcia.202239e.196
Inés Yurany Velasco-Laiton, William Arnulfo Sana-Pulido, A. C. Morillo Coronado, Yacenia Morillo-Coronado
Wheat is one of the most economically important cereals for the Department of Boyacá; however, the cultivated area sees low yields, phytosanitary problems, and a lack of genetic materials with desirable agronomic characteristics. The present study aimed to morphoagronomically characterize 49 accessions from the FENALCE germplasm bank using morphological and yield descriptors and multivariate and cluster analyses. The variables auricle color, edge shape, precocity, growth habit, grain size and serosity showed little genetic variability, while the number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike and glume color showed high genetic variability. The principal component analysis, based on the correlation matrix, showed that the first four principal components (PC) explained 71% of the total variation observed in the characterized accessions. The cluster analysis formed three groups according to the evaluated morphological characteristics, with group three containing the accessions with the best agronomic characteristics. None of the evaluated accessions had rust damage. Around 15 wheat accessions had good agronomic performance under the conditions of this study, which should be used in future genetic improvement programs aimed at identifying elite materials in the Department of Boyacá.
{"title":"Morphoagronomic characterization of accessions of Triticum aestivum L.","authors":"Inés Yurany Velasco-Laiton, William Arnulfo Sana-Pulido, A. C. Morillo Coronado, Yacenia Morillo-Coronado","doi":"10.22267/rcia.202239e.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.202239e.196","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the most economically important cereals for the Department of Boyacá; however, the cultivated area sees low yields, phytosanitary problems, and a lack of genetic materials with desirable agronomic characteristics. The present study aimed to morphoagronomically characterize 49 accessions from the FENALCE germplasm bank using morphological and yield descriptors and multivariate and cluster analyses. The variables auricle color, edge shape, precocity, growth habit, grain size and serosity showed little genetic variability, while the number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike and glume color showed high genetic variability. The principal component analysis, based on the correlation matrix, showed that the first four principal components (PC) explained 71% of the total variation observed in the characterized accessions. The cluster analysis formed three groups according to the evaluated morphological characteristics, with group three containing the accessions with the best agronomic characteristics. None of the evaluated accessions had rust damage. Around 15 wheat accessions had good agronomic performance under the conditions of this study, which should be used in future genetic improvement programs aimed at identifying elite materials in the Department of Boyacá.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22267/rcia.202239e.194
Chaiane Signorini, R.M.N. Peil, Cristiane Neutzling, Thiago Freitas da Luz, P. R. Grolli
The need to produce domestic strawberry transplants leads to the search for low-cost cultivation media in Brazil. Raw rice husk (CAIN) is an abundant and economical material in the south of the country. This study aimed to evaluate three substrate conditioners (35%) [carbonized rice husk (CRH), vermiculite and the commercial substrate S10®] added to RRH (65%) and their effects on growth, production and quality of strawberry transplants grown on benches with recirculation of nutrient solution, in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in causal blocks with three treatments and four replicates. Two mother plants of the Aromas cultivar were grown on each plot between November/2016 and March/2017. Transplants were classified into groups according to crown diameter (Class 1: 3.0-5.0 mm; Class 2: 5.1-8.0 mm; Class 3: >8.1 mm). Similarly, the number of leaves, leaf surface, fresh and dry mass of leaves and crowns of 10 transplants belonging to each class were evaluated. With the addition of CAC and vermiculite to the substrate, the predominance of class 2 transplants was obtained. The addition of S10 to CAIN increased the total number of transplants, as well as the number of leaf surface transplants and the dry mass of the aerial part of plants, in class 3 transplants, as well as S10 and vermiculite, provided a greater number of propagules produced.
{"title":"Conditioners for raw rice husk substrate to produce strawberry transplants","authors":"Chaiane Signorini, R.M.N. Peil, Cristiane Neutzling, Thiago Freitas da Luz, P. R. Grolli","doi":"10.22267/rcia.202239e.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.202239e.194","url":null,"abstract":"The need to produce domestic strawberry transplants leads to the search for low-cost cultivation media in Brazil. Raw rice husk (CAIN) is an abundant and economical material in the south of the country. This study aimed to evaluate three substrate conditioners (35%) [carbonized rice husk (CRH), vermiculite and the commercial substrate S10®] added to RRH (65%) and their effects on growth, production and quality of strawberry transplants grown on benches with recirculation of nutrient solution, in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in causal blocks with three treatments and four replicates. Two mother plants of the Aromas cultivar were grown on each plot between November/2016 and March/2017. Transplants were classified into groups according to crown diameter (Class 1: 3.0-5.0 mm; Class 2: 5.1-8.0 mm; Class 3: >8.1 mm). Similarly, the number of leaves, leaf surface, fresh and dry mass of leaves and crowns of 10 transplants belonging to each class were evaluated. With the addition of CAC and vermiculite to the substrate, the predominance of class 2 transplants was obtained. The addition of S10 to CAIN increased the total number of transplants, as well as the number of leaf surface transplants and the dry mass of the aerial part of plants, in class 3 transplants, as well as S10 and vermiculite, provided a greater number of propagules produced.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116588028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22267/rcia.202239e.195
Lianny Pérez-Gómez, Y. Acosta, Evelio Báez, C. Linares, C. Carvajal, S. Naidoo, Aurora Pérez-Martínez
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed horticultural products worldwide. However, pepper seeds have slow and asynchronous germination. Organic agriculture encourages using natural substances for the pre-germinative treatment of seeds. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of priming sweet pepper seeds with bromelain crude extract (obtained from pineapple stem residues) on subsequent seedling emergence and growth. The effects of the proteolytic activity of the extract (0, 3.16, 6.25, 12.25, and 25.0 totalU), imbibition time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 h), and imbibition temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45 ℃) on seedling emergence and growth were assessed. The significantly best emergence, based on a range of indicators (emergence percentage: E, time to 50% emergence: TE50, emergence index: EI, mean emergence rate: MER, mean emergence time: MET, and synchronization index: SI), was obtained when the seeds were treated for three h at 35°C with a 6.25 totalU bromelain crude extract. Seeds subjected to this treatment combination also yielded the most vigorous seedlings (number of true leaves, length and thickness of the stems, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf area) . In conclusion, pre-germinative treatment with bromelain crude extract of 6.25 totalU proteolytic activity for three h at 35°C improved seedling emergence and growth in sweet pepper seedlings relative to untreated seed. This result offers an organic priming alternative for seeds of sweet pepper.
{"title":"Bromelain crude extract to improve the emergence and growth of pepper seedlings","authors":"Lianny Pérez-Gómez, Y. Acosta, Evelio Báez, C. Linares, C. Carvajal, S. Naidoo, Aurora Pérez-Martínez","doi":"10.22267/rcia.202239e.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.202239e.195","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed horticultural products worldwide. However, pepper seeds have slow and asynchronous germination. Organic agriculture encourages using natural substances for the pre-germinative treatment of seeds. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of priming sweet pepper seeds with bromelain crude extract (obtained from pineapple stem residues) on subsequent seedling emergence and growth. The effects of the proteolytic activity of the extract (0, 3.16, 6.25, 12.25, and 25.0 totalU), imbibition time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 h), and imbibition temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45 ℃) on seedling emergence and growth were assessed. The significantly best emergence, based on a range of indicators (emergence percentage: E, time to 50% emergence: TE50, emergence index: EI, mean emergence rate: MER, mean emergence time: MET, and synchronization index: SI), was obtained when the seeds were treated for three h at 35°C with a 6.25 totalU bromelain crude extract. Seeds subjected to this treatment combination also yielded the most vigorous seedlings (number of true leaves, length and thickness of the stems, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf area) . In conclusion, pre-germinative treatment with bromelain crude extract of 6.25 totalU proteolytic activity for three h at 35°C improved seedling emergence and growth in sweet pepper seedlings relative to untreated seed. This result offers an organic priming alternative for seeds of sweet pepper.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116358543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22267/rcia.202239e.193
R. Campos, Mauricio Vélez, K. García, Adriana Correa, Angela Lizeth Ordoñez
The hematic parameters of cows selected for milk production in grazing under tropic conditions were analyzed based on six experimental studies. The major objective was to determine statistical analysis alternatives that could be used in the study of physiological, environmental or genetic variations. The parameters analyzed were hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and counts of polymorphonuclear cells (i.e., eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes). Initially 972 data from adult cows with productions considered medium-high in the context of local dairy production were analyzed. After the information decanting process, 415 records were used. These data corresponded to a sampling period from 30 days before calving to day 105 postpartum, with determinations made fortnightly. Blood collection was made every two weeks and each moment was defined as a period. Different analytical techniques were applied in searching to extract the best information from the data and that could be reused in the future. The best type of analysis corresponded to the Random Forest (RF) technique, clustering, and analysis of variance.The effect of an indicator of energy metabolism (non-esterified fatty acids - NEFA), an indicator of protein metabolism (total protein - TP) of 10 collection periods, three breed groups and three types of nutritional management given to the animals on the blood variables were analyzed. Multivariate correlation and machine learning methods were used to extract information from the data. Results indicated that hematological behavior change throughout close up dry cow, transition period and first phase of lactation. No high direct or inverse correlation were found among variables. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels can be estimated from variables associated with metabolic indicators and blood components. Further studies are required to elucidate the hematic behavior of dairy cows during the transition period.
{"title":"Statistical analysis alternatives to validate hematic parameters in dairy under tropical conditions","authors":"R. Campos, Mauricio Vélez, K. García, Adriana Correa, Angela Lizeth Ordoñez","doi":"10.22267/rcia.202239e.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.202239e.193","url":null,"abstract":"The hematic parameters of cows selected for milk production in grazing under tropic conditions were analyzed based on six experimental studies. The major objective was to determine statistical analysis alternatives that could be used in the study of physiological, environmental or genetic variations. The parameters analyzed were hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and counts of polymorphonuclear cells (i.e., eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes). Initially 972 data from adult cows with productions considered medium-high in the context of local dairy production were analyzed. After the information decanting process, 415 records were used. These data corresponded to a sampling period from 30 days before calving to day 105 postpartum, with determinations made fortnightly. Blood collection was made every two weeks and each moment was defined as a period. Different analytical techniques were applied in searching to extract the best information from the data and that could be reused in the future. The best type of analysis corresponded to the Random Forest (RF) technique, clustering, and analysis of variance.The effect of an indicator of energy metabolism (non-esterified fatty acids - NEFA), an indicator of protein metabolism (total protein - TP) of 10 collection periods, three breed groups and three types of nutritional management given to the animals on the blood variables were analyzed. Multivariate correlation and machine learning methods were used to extract information from the data. Results indicated that hematological behavior change throughout close up dry cow, transition period and first phase of lactation. No high direct or inverse correlation were found among variables. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels can be estimated from variables associated with metabolic indicators and blood components. Further studies are required to elucidate the hematic behavior of dairy cows during the transition period.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131716278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223901.175
Diego Alejandro Gutiérrez-Villamil, J. Álvarez-Herrera, G. Fischer
The 'Anna' apple is a variety of low requirements of winter chill (250 to 300 chilling hours ≤7.2°C). This apple has essential health benefits and remarkable adaptive potential in tropical and subtropical areas affected by climate change. Thus, this review presents the significance of the 'Anna' apple cultivation, the phenological and eco-physiological modifications, and the current state of agronomic management when continuous crops are managed in tropical highlands. The production of this apple in tropical highlands has outstanding potential to obtain cyclical or continuous harvests (two harvests per year) in certain areas with specific environmental conditions, implementing a particular management system. In plantations, it is crucial to carry out some agronomic practices during the reproductive phenology so that the apple tree does not enter into an endodormancy. These are water stress - defoliation – tie-down branches, and the application of dormancy-breaking agents (flower-inducing compounds). In Colombia, ‘Anna’ variety was introduced in 1985 and is grown in areas with temperatures between 14 and 20°C, altitudes between 1700 and 2800 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), with bimodal and monomodal rain regimes, and solar brightness between 800 and 2000 hours a year. The harvest is between 100 to 120 days after anthesis, with firmness values of 38.38N, a soluble solids content of 8.58°Brix, and total titratable acidity of 0.7% of the fruit. This documentation indicates a good production with great potential in terms of growth and development, earliness, and quality of the 'Anna' apple tree in Colombian highlands.
{"title":"Performance of the ‘Anna’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Tropical Highlands: A review","authors":"Diego Alejandro Gutiérrez-Villamil, J. Álvarez-Herrera, G. Fischer","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223901.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223901.175","url":null,"abstract":"The 'Anna' apple is a variety of low requirements of winter chill (250 to 300 chilling hours ≤7.2°C). This apple has essential health benefits and remarkable adaptive potential in tropical and subtropical areas affected by climate change. Thus, this review presents the significance of the 'Anna' apple cultivation, the phenological and eco-physiological modifications, and the current state of agronomic management when continuous crops are managed in tropical highlands. The production of this apple in tropical highlands has outstanding potential to obtain cyclical or continuous harvests (two harvests per year) in certain areas with specific environmental conditions, implementing a particular management system. In plantations, it is crucial to carry out some agronomic practices during the reproductive phenology so that the apple tree does not enter into an endodormancy. These are water stress - defoliation – tie-down branches, and the application of dormancy-breaking agents (flower-inducing compounds). In Colombia, ‘Anna’ variety was introduced in 1985 and is grown in areas with temperatures between 14 and 20°C, altitudes between 1700 and 2800 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), with bimodal and monomodal rain regimes, and solar brightness between 800 and 2000 hours a year. The harvest is between 100 to 120 days after anthesis, with firmness values of 38.38N, a soluble solids content of 8.58°Brix, and total titratable acidity of 0.7% of the fruit. This documentation indicates a good production with great potential in terms of growth and development, earliness, and quality of the 'Anna' apple tree in Colombian highlands.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114455722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.181
Veronica Soto-Cardona, Santiago García-Cardona, A. Soto-Giraldo
Hard ticks are a problem of great importance in the national livestock industry due to their capacity to be vectors of diseases that affect the productivity of animals and humans, becoming an arthropod of veterinary-medical importance. The methods used for their control have not been efficient; therefore, different integrated control alternatives have become crucial to mitigate their population growth. Products such as calcium polysulfide have shown to be an effective alternative in controlling mite populations. The present study was carried out at the Center for Research and Breeding of Natural Enemies of the University of Caldas using nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense, arranged in Petri dishes and sprayed with an average volume of calcium polysulfide of 1.3ml. From there, the lethal concentration of calcium polysulfide at 31.5°B, on the individuals of this species was determined. The evaluations were carried out at 24, 48 and 96h after application, finding, by Probit analysis, Cl50 of 1.05% and Cl95 of 1.35% concentration of the product, which indicates that this compound has the potential to be used in the integrated management plan of A. cajennense.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) to calcium polysulfide application","authors":"Veronica Soto-Cardona, Santiago García-Cardona, A. Soto-Giraldo","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.181","url":null,"abstract":"Hard ticks are a problem of great importance in the national livestock industry due to their capacity to be vectors of diseases that affect the productivity of animals and humans, becoming an arthropod of veterinary-medical importance. The methods used for their control have not been efficient; therefore, different integrated control alternatives have become crucial to mitigate their population growth. Products such as calcium polysulfide have shown to be an effective alternative in controlling mite populations. The present study was carried out at the Center for Research and Breeding of Natural Enemies of the University of Caldas using nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense, arranged in Petri dishes and sprayed with an average volume of calcium polysulfide of 1.3ml. From there, the lethal concentration of calcium polysulfide at 31.5°B, on the individuals of this species was determined. The evaluations were carried out at 24, 48 and 96h after application, finding, by Probit analysis, Cl50 of 1.05% and Cl95 of 1.35% concentration of the product, which indicates that this compound has the potential to be used in the integrated management plan of A. cajennense.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127372471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.179
Carlos Alejandro Zurita, Kenneth Foster, D. Baributsa, Carlos Alberto Parra, Natalie K. Donovan
Coffee quality is generally evaluated through cupping, a technique based on sensory perceptions. Trained cuppers assign scores to ten quality attributes on a scale of 1 to 10. Exposure of coffee to moisture and/or oxygen during storage and/or transportation can affect the sensory evaluation and reduce the price received by farmers. This paper has two objectives. First, it estimates the effect of sensory scores and water activity on coffee price and its price differential from the market price. Second, it explores coffee sensory scores sensitivity to storage duration and water activity under two methods of application of the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags - the standard three layers PICS bag (PICS-3L) and the two layers PICS bag (PICS-2L). Data were collected for ten months from an experiment conducted in Manizales, Colombia. Results suggest, on average, that an additional point in the score of flavor or body increases the price of coffee by at least 66 COP/kg (0.015 USD/kg). If coffee has an additional point in aftertaste or uniformity from what is expected from other coffees of the same origin, then its price differential is reduced by at least 8 COP/kg (0.002 USD/kg). Using a PICS-3L bag instead of a PICS-2L bag does not affect the coffee price or sensory scores, but it reduces the price differential by approximately 18 COP/kg (0.004 USD/kg). On the other hand, water activity reduces coffee price but not its price differential. Storage time affects coffee sensory scores in some attributes, which may impact the coffee bean price.
{"title":"Coffee Storage in Hermetic Bags and its Influence on Prices and Sensory Scores","authors":"Carlos Alejandro Zurita, Kenneth Foster, D. Baributsa, Carlos Alberto Parra, Natalie K. Donovan","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.179","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee quality is generally evaluated through cupping, a technique based on sensory perceptions. Trained cuppers assign scores to ten quality attributes on a scale of 1 to 10. Exposure of coffee to moisture and/or oxygen during storage and/or transportation can affect the sensory evaluation and reduce the price received by farmers. This paper has two objectives. First, it estimates the effect of sensory scores and water activity on coffee price and its price differential from the market price. Second, it explores coffee sensory scores sensitivity to storage duration and water activity under two methods of application of the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags - the standard three layers PICS bag (PICS-3L) and the two layers PICS bag (PICS-2L). Data were collected for ten months from an experiment conducted in Manizales, Colombia. Results suggest, on average, that an additional point in the score of flavor or body increases the price of coffee by at least 66 COP/kg (0.015 USD/kg). If coffee has an additional point in aftertaste or uniformity from what is expected from other coffees of the same origin, then its price differential is reduced by at least 8 COP/kg (0.002 USD/kg). Using a PICS-3L bag instead of a PICS-2L bag does not affect the coffee price or sensory scores, but it reduces the price differential by approximately 18 COP/kg (0.004 USD/kg). On the other hand, water activity reduces coffee price but not its price differential. Storage time affects coffee sensory scores in some attributes, which may impact the coffee bean price.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.178
Lesvy Ramos, J. Apráez, D. David, J. F. Navia
Nariño (Colombia) has high dairy potential; however, their herds present difficulties in the nutritional component (energy imbalance) of the cows, affecting their productivity. This research evaluated the effect of a bypass fat supplement on lipid concentration in milk and the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. The study was based on 21 Holstein x Simmental cows between first and third calving and the following was supplied: forage + concentrate (T1); forage + concentrate + 250 g/day of bypass fat (T2) and forage + concentrate + 250 g/day of bypass fat enriched with omega-three (T3). The experiment was conducted from day 15 pre-calving until day 105 of lactation. During this period, milk quantity, quality, composition, and reproductive behavior were recorded. For data analysis, a repeated measure mixed design with time-series data was used, where the fixed effects were the treatments, periods, and their interaction, the animals represented the random effect, and the covariable was the estimated milk yield during lactation. The results showed normal mobilization of adipose tissue; the compositional quality of the milk did not vary across treatments, although T2 presented a higher estimated production per lactation, and T3 presented a higher percentage of fatty acid C18:2. In the reproductive indicators, they were not influenced between the treatments; concluding that the base diet offered in the herd presents a nutritional balance appropriate to the requirements of the cows in production.
{"title":"Effect of bypass fat on milk lipid quality and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows","authors":"Lesvy Ramos, J. Apráez, D. David, J. F. Navia","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.178","url":null,"abstract":"Nariño (Colombia) has high dairy potential; however, their herds present difficulties in the nutritional component (energy imbalance) of the cows, affecting their productivity. This research evaluated the effect of a bypass fat supplement on lipid concentration in milk and the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. The study was based on 21 Holstein x Simmental cows between first and third calving and the following was supplied: forage + concentrate (T1); forage + concentrate + 250 g/day of bypass fat (T2) and forage + concentrate + 250 g/day of bypass fat enriched with omega-three (T3). The experiment was conducted from day 15 pre-calving until day 105 of lactation. During this period, milk quantity, quality, composition, and reproductive behavior were recorded. For data analysis, a repeated measure mixed design with time-series data was used, where the fixed effects were the treatments, periods, and their interaction, the animals represented the random effect, and the covariable was the estimated milk yield during lactation. The results showed normal mobilization of adipose tissue; the compositional quality of the milk did not vary across treatments, although T2 presented a higher estimated production per lactation, and T3 presented a higher percentage of fatty acid C18:2. In the reproductive indicators, they were not influenced between the treatments; concluding that the base diet offered in the herd presents a nutritional balance appropriate to the requirements of the cows in production.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127237117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.182
O. Júnior, A. S. Cangussu, Ana Patrícia Silva, K. Rodrigues, M. Félix, T. T. Deusdará, T. Ferreira, Hélio Brito, K. Viana, E. M. Sobrinho, Raimundo Wagner Aguiar, G. R. dos Santos
The fungus Fusarium verticillioides produces fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), characterized by being the most frequently produced molecular forms and with greater toxicity. Fumonisin contamination is responsible for substantial losses during the meat production chain, so the safe levels of these compounds must be determined. The study was directed to establish safe levels of FB1 in poultry production; for this purpose, were used COBB 500® birds on experimental lots of infected corn during the 2015/2016 season in Brazil. The experimental group included 160 animals, divided into two groups: The T1 without fumonisin in the diet (control); and the T2 group in which corn was contaminated with 2.78 μg/g of fumonisin FB1. Histopathological effects of liver, heart, and small intestine, and zootechnical parameters were measured in birds treated. We found that there were no significant differences between the birds treated and untreated after 21 days of exposure to each treatment; F-values > P-values (P<0,05) for feed intake and weekly weight gain. Taken together, our data showed that the concentration evaluated is safe in poultry and will contribute to the design of future clinical studies.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.22267/rcia.223902.185
Johana Elizabeth Pabón, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano, D. Mejía-España, D. Duarte-Alvarado
The goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) is an exotic fruit that in recent years has acquired great importance in both the local and international markets; one of the limiting phytosanitary problems for this crop is vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, which causes losses of 80-90%. The management of this pathogen is difficult and so far, it is based on preventive measures; however, there are alternatives such as genetic resistance, which is one of the most effective and profitable measures for its management. Taking that into account, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of 40 genotypes of goldenberry against F. oxysporum under greenhouse conditions, by means of pathogenicity tests. The experiment was conducted in a selected place in the city of Pasto (Nariño department, south of Colombia). It was carried out with 40 genetic materials corresponding to different genotypes, one commercial control and four replicates per experimental unit; the statistical design was completely randomized. The traits evaluated were plant height (cm), disease severity (%), AUDPC area under the disease progress curve (units), disease incidence (%) and degree of vascular discoloration. The genotypes 09U138 and 12U399 have greater plant height (50.19 and 47.36 cm), lower AUDPC (zero units), lower incidence (0%) and lower degree of vascular discoloration (zero), with statistical differences from the rest of the genotypes, including the control. Field evaluations should be conducted with the same isolation and other commercial controls, as this research is only a step forward in the search for the resistance of uchuva to F. oxysporum.
金莓(Physalis peruviana)是一种外来水果，近年来在当地和国际市场上都获得了很大的重视;该作物的限制性植物检疫问题之一是由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali)引起的血管性枯萎病，造成80-90%的损失。这种病原体的管理是困难的，迄今为止，它是基于预防措施;然而，遗传抗性等替代措施是其最有效和最有利的管理措施之一。考虑到这一点，本研究的目的是通过致病性试验，评估40个基因型的金梅在温室条件下对尖孢镰刀菌的反应。实验是在Pasto市(Nariño部门，哥伦比亚南部)的选定地点进行的。采用40个不同基因型的遗传材料，每个实验单元1个商业对照，4个重复;统计设计是完全随机的。评价的性状为株高(cm)、病害严重程度(%)、病害进展曲线下AUDPC面积(单位)、病害发生率(%)和维管变色程度。09U138和12U399基因型株高较高(50.19 cm和47.36 cm)， AUDPC较低(0单位)，发病率较低(0%)，维管束染色程度较低(0)，与包括对照在内的其余基因型差异有统计学意义。实地评价应采用相同的分离和其他商业对照进行，因为这项研究只是在寻找乌chuva对尖孢镰刀菌的抗性方面向前迈出的一步。
{"title":"Response of Physalis peruviana L. genotypes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali under greenhouse","authors":"Johana Elizabeth Pabón, Tulio César Lagos-Burbano, D. Mejía-España, D. Duarte-Alvarado","doi":"10.22267/rcia.223902.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.185","url":null,"abstract":"The goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) is an exotic fruit that in recent years has acquired great importance in both the local and international markets; one of the limiting phytosanitary problems for this crop is vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, which causes losses of 80-90%. The management of this pathogen is difficult and so far, it is based on preventive measures; however, there are alternatives such as genetic resistance, which is one of the most effective and profitable measures for its management. Taking that into account, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of 40 genotypes of goldenberry against F. oxysporum under greenhouse conditions, by means of pathogenicity tests. The experiment was conducted in a selected place in the city of Pasto (Nariño department, south of Colombia). It was carried out with 40 genetic materials corresponding to different genotypes, one commercial control and four replicates per experimental unit; the statistical design was completely randomized. The traits evaluated were plant height (cm), disease severity (%), AUDPC area under the disease progress curve (units), disease incidence (%) and degree of vascular discoloration. The genotypes 09U138 and 12U399 have greater plant height (50.19 and 47.36 cm), lower AUDPC (zero units), lower incidence (0%) and lower degree of vascular discoloration (zero), with statistical differences from the rest of the genotypes, including the control. Field evaluations should be conducted with the same isolation and other commercial controls, as this research is only a step forward in the search for the resistance of uchuva to F. oxysporum.","PeriodicalId":211714,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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