Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398679
Abdalla Agrira, D. Buttsworth, T. Yusaf
Due to the inherently unsteady environment of the internal combustion engine, unsteady thermal boundary layer modelling could make a useful contribution. Instantaneous heat flux measurements in three different spark ignition internal combustion engines were simulated using a quasi-one dimensional engine simulation program developed in Matlab. Simulation parameters were tuned within reasonable limits until good agreement between the simulated and measured pressure was achieved. The heat flux simulated using Annand's model agreed with the experimental data to some degree, particularly when an averaging process was applied over the simulated unburned and burned zones. However, the agreement between the measured heat flux and the unsteady thermal boundary layer model was less satisfactory. Implementing a model for turbulent thermal conductivity in the unsteady thermal boundary layer is expected to improve the simulated heat flux results.
{"title":"Instantaneous heat flux simulation of S.I. engines: comparison of unsteady thermal boundary layer modelling with experimental data","authors":"Abdalla Agrira, D. Buttsworth, T. Yusaf","doi":"10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398679","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the inherently unsteady environment of the internal combustion engine, unsteady thermal boundary layer modelling could make a useful contribution. Instantaneous heat flux measurements in three different spark ignition internal combustion engines were simulated using a quasi-one dimensional engine simulation program developed in Matlab. Simulation parameters were tuned within reasonable limits until good agreement between the simulated and measured pressure was achieved. The heat flux simulated using Annand's model agreed with the experimental data to some degree, particularly when an averaging process was applied over the simulated unburned and burned zones. However, the agreement between the measured heat flux and the unsteady thermal boundary layer model was less satisfactory. Implementing a model for turbulent thermal conductivity in the unsteady thermal boundary layer is expected to improve the simulated heat flux results.","PeriodicalId":211736,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment (ICEE)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism behind price formation in electricity futures markets is still under discussion. Theory suggests that hedging pressure caused by deviating risk preferences is the most promising approach. This paper contributes to the discussion through an empirical investigation of electricity futures for delivery in Germany traded at the European Energy Exchange (EEX). We analyse the futures from an ex post perspective and find evidence for significant positive risk premia at the short-end. Furthermore, we detect the existence of a term structure of risk premia and the existence of seasonality in the risk premia. When testing for factors influencing the risk premia the results suggest that risk premia are directly related to factors linked to risk considerations.
{"title":"Risk premia in the German electricity futures market","authors":"M. Pietz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1400120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1400120","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism behind price formation in electricity futures markets is still under discussion. Theory suggests that hedging pressure caused by deviating risk preferences is the most promising approach. This paper contributes to the discussion through an empirical investigation of electricity futures for delivery in Germany traded at the European Energy Exchange (EEX). We analyse the futures from an ex post perspective and find evidence for significant positive risk premia at the short-end. Furthermore, we detect the existence of a term structure of risk premia and the existence of seasonality in the risk premia. When testing for factors influencing the risk premia the results suggest that risk premia are directly related to factors linked to risk considerations.","PeriodicalId":211736,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment (ICEE)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398612
R. Saidur, Md. Hasanuzzaman
Energy is one of the indispensable factors for continuous development and economic growth. The industrial sectors consume a significant amount of energy in Malaysia. This paper is investigated and analyzed the energy use in industrial boilers fan motor, energy savings and emission reduction in Malaysia by using energy audit data. Energy savings using VSD by modulating fan speed has been estimated as well. It has been found that 68,923MWh, 132,922MWh, 78,769 MWh and 49,230MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 20% speed reduction. Similarly, 139,412MWh, 268,866, 159,328MWh, and 99,580 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Along with energy savings, 69,770,744 kg, 134,558,329 kg, 79,738,065 kg, 49,836,603 kg of CO2 emission can be avoided for the associated energy savings as a result of energy savings using VSD for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings. Moreover, 32,503,558 GJ of fossil fuel can be saved for the flue gas temperature reduction as a result of reducing fan motor speed reduction. It is clear that the use of VSDs leads to substantial energy savings and an enormous reduction in emissions.
{"title":"Energy and environmental analysis of electrical motor in industrial boilers","authors":"R. Saidur, Md. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398612","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is one of the indispensable factors for continuous development and economic growth. The industrial sectors consume a significant amount of energy in Malaysia. This paper is investigated and analyzed the energy use in industrial boilers fan motor, energy savings and emission reduction in Malaysia by using energy audit data. Energy savings using VSD by modulating fan speed has been estimated as well. It has been found that 68,923MWh, 132,922MWh, 78,769 MWh and 49,230MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 20% speed reduction. Similarly, 139,412MWh, 268,866, 159,328MWh, and 99,580 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Along with energy savings, 69,770,744 kg, 134,558,329 kg, 79,738,065 kg, 49,836,603 kg of CO2 emission can be avoided for the associated energy savings as a result of energy savings using VSD for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings. Moreover, 32,503,558 GJ of fossil fuel can be saved for the flue gas temperature reduction as a result of reducing fan motor speed reduction. It is clear that the use of VSDs leads to substantial energy savings and an enormous reduction in emissions.","PeriodicalId":211736,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment (ICEE)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116642088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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