Claudia Fernada Martinez, Ana Paula X Ana Paula Coelho-Duarte
Urban forests significantly benefit cities and people´s wellbeing. However, under suboptimal growth conditions, they can pose risks. The tree risk and tree hazard assessments in public spaces bring together several protocols for preventing damage to people and property. This article aims to strengthen the database on forest resources at the urban scale and to identify key characteristics of relevant species of street trees in Mendoza-Argentina. In terms of methodology, trees of Platanus hispanica (London Plane tree) and Morus alba (Mulberry tree) were evaluated in situ by indicators related to the probability of failure such as defects, injuries and stress signals. The results show deterioration of part of the urban forest, as well as the greater resilience of P. hispanica when compared to M. alba. We conclude that systematically implementing these assessments will provide guidelines for the sustainable management of urban trees, improving forest infrastructure under sustainable development guidelines. Highlights : Trees growing in cities are conditioned by certain variables compromising their performance. Risk assessment of urban trees considers several measurement protocols, including the rapid visual method. The main problems identified in P. hispanica were cankers with decay, combined with poor branch architecture. M. alba showed more hazardous defects, with an "imminent" likelihood of failure and presence of cankers combined with decay.
{"title":"Hazard indicators in urban trees. Case studies on Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Münchh and Morus alba L. in Mendoza city-Argentina","authors":"Claudia Fernada Martinez, Ana Paula X Ana Paula Coelho-Duarte","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Urban forests significantly benefit cities and people´s wellbeing. However, under suboptimal growth conditions, they can pose risks. The tree risk and tree hazard assessments in public spaces bring together several protocols for preventing damage to people and property. This article aims to strengthen the database on forest resources at the urban scale and to identify key characteristics of relevant species of street trees in Mendoza-Argentina. In terms of methodology, trees of Platanus hispanica (London Plane tree) and Morus alba (Mulberry tree) were evaluated in situ by indicators related to the probability of failure such as defects, injuries and stress signals. The results show deterioration of part of the urban forest, as well as the greater resilience of P. hispanica when compared to M. alba. We conclude that systematically implementing these assessments will provide guidelines for the sustainable management of urban trees, improving forest infrastructure under sustainable development guidelines.\u0000Highlights :\u0000\u0000Trees growing in cities are conditioned by certain variables compromising their performance.\u0000Risk assessment of urban trees considers several measurement protocols, including the rapid visual method.\u0000The main problems identified in P. hispanica were cankers with decay, combined with poor branch architecture.\u0000M. alba showed more hazardous defects, with an \"imminent\" likelihood of failure and presence of cankers combined with decay.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"112 s428","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dolores Del Brio, Valentin Tassile, S. Bramardi, Darío Eduardo Fernández, P. Reeb
Yield forecasting depends on accurate tree fruit counts and mean size estimation. This information is generally obtained manually, requiring many hours of work. Artificial vision emerges as an interesting alternative to obtaining more information in less time. This study aimed to test and train YOLO pre-trained models based on neural networks for the detection and count of pears and apples on trees after image analysis; while also estimating fruit size. Images of trees were taken during the day and at night in apple and pear trees while fruits were manually counted. Trained models were evaluated according to recall, precision and F1score. The correlation between detected and counted fruits was calculated while fruit size estimation was made after drawing straight lines on each fruit and using reference elements. The precision, recall and F1score achieved by the models were up to 0.86, 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. Correlation coefficients between fruit sizes measured manually and by images were 0.73 for apples and 0.80 for pears. The proposed methodologies showed promising results, allowing forecasters to make less time consuming and accurate estimates compared to manual measurements. Highlights: The number of fruits in apple and pear trees, could be estimated from images with promising results. The possibility of estimating the fruit numbers from images could reduce the time spent on this task, and above all, the costs. This allow growers to increase the number of trees sampled to make yield forecasts.
{"title":"Apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) yield prediction after tree image analysis","authors":"Dolores Del Brio, Valentin Tassile, S. Bramardi, Darío Eduardo Fernández, P. Reeb","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.104","url":null,"abstract":"Yield forecasting depends on accurate tree fruit counts and mean size estimation. This information is generally obtained manually, requiring many hours of work. Artificial vision emerges as an interesting alternative to obtaining more information in less time. This study aimed to test and train YOLO pre-trained models based on neural networks for the detection and count of pears and apples on trees after image analysis; while also estimating fruit size. Images of trees were taken during the day and at night in apple and pear trees while fruits were manually counted. Trained models were evaluated according to recall, precision and F1score. The correlation between detected and counted fruits was calculated while fruit size estimation was made after drawing straight lines on each fruit and using reference elements. The precision, recall and F1score achieved by the models were up to 0.86, 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. Correlation coefficients between fruit sizes measured manually and by images were 0.73 for apples and 0.80 for pears. The proposed methodologies showed promising results, allowing forecasters to make less time consuming and accurate estimates compared to manual measurements. Highlights: The number of fruits in apple and pear trees, could be estimated from images with promising results. The possibility of estimating the fruit numbers from images could reduce the time spent on this task, and above all, the costs. This allow growers to increase the number of trees sampled to make yield forecasts.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"32 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the negative impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crop yield and the tolerance of bean genotypes to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron. To determine the impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops, a field experiment was developed, with sub-sub-plots, and four replications. The main plots contained two bean cultivars, while the sub-plots received two soybean sowing times (0 and 7 days after the beans had been sown), while the sub-sub plots contained five soybean plant densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m-2). The tolerance of the bean genotypes was evaluated with two experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications. They were arranged in a 28 x 3 factorial design (bean genotypes x herbicide doses). Each soybean plant per m2 reduced bean crop yield by 4%. The recommended doses of ethoxysulfuorn and halosulfuorn resulted in tolerance levels above 70% for all the studied bean genotypes. Highlights: The herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron, are registered in Brazil for the control of volunteer soybean plants in bean crops. To date, the impact generated by volunteer soybean plants competing with bean plants is unknown. The tolerance of 28 bean cultivars to herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron was determined using dose label and double the dose. The impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops was determined using two bean cultivars and two soybean sowing times. The bean genotypes displayed a highly variable response to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron; however, when the label recommended dose of the herbicides was used, the tolerance levels observed were over 70%. Each soybean plant is capable of causing a 4% reduction in bean plant grain yield, regardless of the establishment time of the soybean plants or the bean genotype.
本研究旨在确定志愿大豆植株对豆类作物产量的负面影响，以及豆类基因型对除草剂乙嘧磺隆和氟磺隆的耐受性。为了确定大豆植株对豆类作物的影响，我们开发了一个田间试验，其中包括子小区和四个重复。主小区包含两个豆类栽培品种，子小区有两个大豆播种时间（播种后 0 天和 7 天），子小区有五个大豆植株密度（0、5、10、20 和 40 株 m-2）。通过两次完全随机设计、三次重复的实验，对大豆基因型的耐受性进行了评估。实验采用 28 x 3 的因子设计（豆类基因型 x 除草剂剂量）。每种植一株大豆，每平方米的豆类作物产量就会减少 4%。亮点：除草剂乙嘧磺隆（ethoxysulfuron）和氟嘧磺隆（halosulfuron）在巴西登记用于控制豆类作物中的大豆植株。使用两种大豆栽培品种和两种大豆播种时间确定了志愿大豆植株对大豆作物的影响。大豆基因型对除草剂醚苯磺隆和氟磺隆的反应差异很大；然而，当使用标签上推荐的除草剂剂量时，观察到的耐受水平超过 70%。
{"title":"Volunteer soybean (Glycine max) interference in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crops: ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron critical level of damage and selectivity","authors":"Fortunato De Bortolli Pagnoncelli Jr., Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi, Patricia Bortolanza Pereira, Denise Roberta Rader, Rodrigo Biedacha, Leandro Galon, Adriano Bresciani Machado","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aimed to determine the negative impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crop yield and the tolerance of bean genotypes to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron. To determine the impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops, a field experiment was developed, with sub-sub-plots, and four replications. The main plots contained two bean cultivars, while the sub-plots received two soybean sowing times (0 and 7 days after the beans had been sown), while the sub-sub plots contained five soybean plant densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m-2). The tolerance of the bean genotypes was evaluated with two experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications. They were arranged in a 28 x 3 factorial design (bean genotypes x herbicide doses). Each soybean plant per m2 reduced bean crop yield by 4%. The recommended doses of ethoxysulfuorn and halosulfuorn resulted in tolerance levels above 70% for all the studied bean genotypes.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron, are registered in Brazil for the control of volunteer soybean plants in bean crops.\u0000To date, the impact generated by volunteer soybean plants competing with bean plants is unknown.\u0000The tolerance of 28 bean cultivars to herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron was determined using dose label and double the dose.\u0000The impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops was determined using two bean cultivars and two soybean sowing times.\u0000The bean genotypes displayed a highly variable response to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron; however, when the label recommended dose of the herbicides was used, the tolerance levels observed were over 70%.\u0000Each soybean plant is capable of causing a 4% reduction in bean plant grain yield, regardless of the establishment time of the soybean plants or the bean genotype.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"56 S269","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of beneficial microorganisms into agricultural systems can improve crop resistance to stress and increase yields. We studied tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial over a complete growing season. The experimental design involved three factors: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae (with/without), and inoculation with four native soil yeasts (Candida aff. ralunensis; Candida sake; Lachancea nothofagi and Candida oleophila). Co-inoculation of F. mosseae and yeasts did not affect the tomato plants. Addition of F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level; however, its effects on growth were variable. None of the inoculated yeasts increased mycorrhizal colonization. C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. C. aff. ralunensis inoculation enhanced fruit set and the fruit/flower ratio under normal irrigation conditions, while C. sake inoculation increased the fruit/flower ratio under low irrigation conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation is presented as a beneficial production strategy to increase plant tolerance and improve water use. We propose that C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation improves plant vigor. Highlights: Tomato production under greenhouse conditions was studied during a complete growing season following a three-factor trial: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation with four native soil yeasts. Addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level. Inoculation with two of the yeasts studied increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. Utilizing indigenous microorganisms could represent a promising alternative to external inoculants, potentially cutting down production costs and eliminating the necessity of introducing foreign microorganisms into the environment.
将有益微生物融入农业系统可以提高作物的抗逆性并增加产量。我们在一个温室试验中研究了番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）在一个完整生长季的生产情况。实验设计包括三个因素：灌溉条件（正常/低灌溉）、添加丛枝菌根真菌 Funneliformis mosseae（添加/不添加）以及接种四种本地土壤酵母菌（Candida aff. ralunensis、Candida sake、Lachancea nothofagi 和 Candida oleophila）。同时接种 F. mosseae 和酵母菌不会影响番茄植株。无论灌溉水平如何，添加 F. mosseae 都能提高菌根定殖率和生产变量；但其对生长的影响却各不相同。接种的酵母菌都没有提高菌根的定植率。在所有研究条件下，接种 C. aff. ralunensis 和 C. oleophila 都能增加茎的直径。在正常灌溉条件下，接种 C. aff. ralunensis 能提高坐果率和果/花比率，而接种清酒酵母菌能提高低灌溉条件下的果/花比率。接种丛枝菌根是一种有益的生产策略，可提高植物耐受性并改善水分利用。我们认为接种 C. aff. ralunensis 和 C. oleophila 能提高植物的活力。重点： 研究了温室条件下番茄在一个完整生长季的生产情况，并进行了三因素试验：灌溉条件（正常/低灌溉）、添加丛枝菌根真菌和接种四种本地土壤酵母菌。无论灌溉水平如何，添加丛枝菌根真菌都能提高菌根定殖率和产量变量。在所有研究条件下，接种两种酵母菌都能增加茎干直径。利用本地微生物是替代外部接种剂的一种很有前景的方法，有可能降低生产成本，并消除向环境中引入外来微生物的必要性。
{"title":"Effect of yeast and mycorrhizae inoculation on tomato production under normal and water stress conditions","authors":"Micaela Boenel, Sonia Fontenla, Mariana Solans, Cecilia Mestre","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.116","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of beneficial microorganisms into agricultural systems can improve crop resistance to stress and increase yields. We studied tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial over a complete growing season. The experimental design involved three factors: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae (with/without), and inoculation with four native soil yeasts (Candida aff. ralunensis; Candida sake; Lachancea nothofagi and Candida oleophila). Co-inoculation of F. mosseae and yeasts did not affect the tomato plants. Addition of F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level; however, its effects on growth were variable. None of the inoculated yeasts increased mycorrhizal colonization. C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. C. aff. ralunensis inoculation enhanced fruit set and the fruit/flower ratio under normal irrigation conditions, while C. sake inoculation increased the fruit/flower ratio under low irrigation conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation is presented as a beneficial production strategy to increase plant tolerance and improve water use. We propose that C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation improves plant vigor. Highlights: Tomato production under greenhouse conditions was studied during a complete growing season following a three-factor trial: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation with four native soil yeasts. Addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level. Inoculation with two of the yeasts studied increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. Utilizing indigenous microorganisms could represent a promising alternative to external inoculants, potentially cutting down production costs and eliminating the necessity of introducing foreign microorganisms into the environment.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dayana Parra Ferrín, Guido Cusme Lucas, Viviana Talledo Solórzano, Braulio Loor Gorozabel, Anderson Pazmiño Castro, Gerardo José Cuenca-Nevárez
This investigation examined the effects of zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota of broiler chickens, analysing zootechnical, allometric, microbiological parameters and small intestine morphology. A total of 300 broiler chickens with an average initial weight of 47 g were distributed in four treatments in a completely randomised design. Treatments consisted of different zinc lactate and probiotic amounts added to the base diet. Chickens receiving the basal diet with organic zinc and L. bulgaricus showed a healthy response, remaining free of infectious agents for the 42-day study period. Treatment T1, with 30 mg of zinc lactate and 10 mg of probiotics per kg, showed improvements in weight gain, feed conversion, allometry, and intestinal health, as well as a healthy presence of gastrointestinal microbiota. Thus, the incorporation of zinc lactate (organic Zn) and probiotics based on L. bulgaricus into the basal diet of broiler chickens is an effective strategy to improve sanitary conditions and organic production of these species. Highlights: From: Efficacy of zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on nutrition and health of broiler chickens. Innovative Supplementation Strategy: This study presents an innovative approach by combining zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in broiler chickens' diet, showcasing a novel method to enhance poultry health and organic production. Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota: The research provides a detailed analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, demonstrating how zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus supplementation positively alters the gut environment in broiler chickens. Significant Improvements in Zootechnical Parameters: The study highlights notable improvements in zootechnical parameters, including weight gain and feed conversion ratios, underlining the efficacy of the supplementation strategy. Enhanced Intestinal Morphology: Examination of the small intestine morphology revealed significant health benefits, attributing these improvements to the synergistic effect of organic zinc and probiotic supplementation. Pathogen-Free Development over 42 Days: A key finding is the maintenance of a healthy, pathogen-free state in chickens throughout the 42-day study period, emphasizing the potential of this supplementation in promoting disease resistance in poultry farming.
{"title":"Efficacy of zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on nutrition and health of broiler chickens","authors":"Dayana Parra Ferrín, Guido Cusme Lucas, Viviana Talledo Solórzano, Braulio Loor Gorozabel, Anderson Pazmiño Castro, Gerardo José Cuenca-Nevárez","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.114","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation examined the effects of zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota of broiler chickens, analysing zootechnical, allometric, microbiological parameters and small intestine morphology. A total of 300 broiler chickens with an average initial weight of 47 g were distributed in four treatments in a completely randomised design. Treatments consisted of different zinc lactate and probiotic amounts added to the base diet. Chickens receiving the basal diet with organic zinc and L. bulgaricus showed a healthy response, remaining free of infectious agents for the 42-day study period. Treatment T1, with 30 mg of zinc lactate and 10 mg of probiotics per kg, showed improvements in weight gain, feed conversion, allometry, and intestinal health, as well as a healthy presence of gastrointestinal microbiota. Thus, the incorporation of zinc lactate (organic Zn) and probiotics based on L. bulgaricus into the basal diet of broiler chickens is an effective strategy to improve sanitary conditions and organic production of these species. Highlights: From: Efficacy of zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on nutrition and health of broiler chickens. Innovative Supplementation Strategy: This study presents an innovative approach by combining zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in broiler chickens' diet, showcasing a novel method to enhance poultry health and organic production. Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota: The research provides a detailed analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, demonstrating how zinc lactate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus supplementation positively alters the gut environment in broiler chickens. Significant Improvements in Zootechnical Parameters: The study highlights notable improvements in zootechnical parameters, including weight gain and feed conversion ratios, underlining the efficacy of the supplementation strategy. Enhanced Intestinal Morphology: Examination of the small intestine morphology revealed significant health benefits, attributing these improvements to the synergistic effect of organic zinc and probiotic supplementation. Pathogen-Free Development over 42 Days: A key finding is the maintenance of a healthy, pathogen-free state in chickens throughout the 42-day study period, emphasizing the potential of this supplementation in promoting disease resistance in poultry farming.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"285 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paz Vignoni, Iris Edith Peralta, Elena María Abraham
Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Highlights: This study aimed to characterize plant communities in natural and intervened environments, in a representative area of the fragmentation processes caused by agriculture in the Monte Province (Mendoza, Argentina). Plant biodiversity plays a strategic role in ecosystemic provision of goods and services necessary to human health and well-being. Cultivable land is a vulnerable and scarce resource, particularly in drylands, where ecosystems have low capacity for natural regeneration. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. In agricultural land, clearing can give rise to a mosaic of landscapes: productive crops merge with abandoned crops and frag
{"title":"Fragmented areas due to agricultural activity: native vegetation dynamics at crop interface (Montecaseros, Mendoza, Argentina)","authors":"Ana Paz Vignoni, Iris Edith Peralta, Elena María Abraham","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.108","url":null,"abstract":"Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Highlights: This study aimed to characterize plant communities in natural and intervened environments, in a representative area of the fragmentation processes caused by agriculture in the Monte Province (Mendoza, Argentina). Plant biodiversity plays a strategic role in ecosystemic provision of goods and services necessary to human health and well-being. Cultivable land is a vulnerable and scarce resource, particularly in drylands, where ecosystems have low capacity for natural regeneration. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. In agricultural land, clearing can give rise to a mosaic of landscapes: productive crops merge with abandoned crops and frag","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florencia Vianna, Leticia Russo, Ines Troncozo, Natalia Ferreri, Juan Manuel De Abajo, Ana Clara Scorsetti, Sebastian Pelizza
Control measures of stored grain pests include the excessive utilization of chemical insecticides that generate negative environmental impact. Current trends in integrated pest management are oriented towards the preservation of the environment using natural biopesticides, among these products arise entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a native strain of Beauveria bassiana to control two main stored grain pests such as Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica and also evaluate the persistence of the fungus on wheat grains. The B. bassiana strain controlled 89%±0.07 of R. dominica adults and 80% ±0.14 of S. oryzae. The survival analysis showed that MST was 4.27 ±0.19 days for R. dominica adults and 4.27 ±0.20 days for S. oryzae. Furthermore, results of long rank test for the comparison of the Kaplan-Meier curves did not present significant differences between the survival of both stored grain pests. Dual choice tests demonstrated that B. bassiana LPSc1227 presented a repellent action against both stored grain pests. The seed persistence of conidia was 100% in treated seeds after 45 days. Further research will contribute to elucidate more insecticidal features of the B. bassiana LPSc 1227 strain against S. oryzae and R. dominica, two main stored grain insect pests. Highlights: bassiana presented insecticidal activity against R. dominica and S. oryzae. bassiana demonstrated a repellent action against both stored grain pests. bassiana was able to persist on the surface of wheat grains after 45 days storage.
对储粮害虫的控制措施包括过度使用化学杀虫剂，这对环境造成了负面影响。当前虫害综合防治的趋势是利用天然生物农药保护环境，其中包括昆虫病原真菌。本研究旨在测试一种本地菌株 Beauveria bassiana 对两种主要储粮害虫（如嗜线虫（Sitophilus oryzae）和褐斑蝇（Rhyzopertha dominica））的防治效果，并评估真菌在小麦谷粒上的持久性。B. bassiana 菌株可控制 89%±0.07 的 R. dominica 成虫和 80%±0.14 的 S. oryzae 成虫。存活率分析表明，R. dominica成虫的存活期（MST）为4.27±0.19天，S. oryzae的存活期（MST）为4.27±0.20天。此外，比较 Kaplan-Meier 曲线的长秩检验结果显示，两种储藏谷物害虫的存活率没有显著差异。双重选择试验表明，B. bassiana LPSc1227 对两种谷物害虫都有驱避作用。45 天后，分生孢子在处理过的种子中的存活率为 100%。进一步的研究将有助于阐明 B. bassiana LPSc 1227 菌株对两种主要谷物害虫 S. oryzae 和 R. dominica 的更多杀虫特性。重点：Bassiana 对 R. dominica 和 S. oryzae 具有杀虫活性。Bassiana 对这两种谷物害虫都有驱避作用。
{"title":"Susceptibility of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin s.l. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)","authors":"Florencia Vianna, Leticia Russo, Ines Troncozo, Natalia Ferreri, Juan Manuel De Abajo, Ana Clara Scorsetti, Sebastian Pelizza","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.110","url":null,"abstract":"Control measures of stored grain pests include the excessive utilization of chemical insecticides that generate negative environmental impact. Current trends in integrated pest management are oriented towards the preservation of the environment using natural biopesticides, among these products arise entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a native strain of Beauveria bassiana to control two main stored grain pests such as Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica and also evaluate the persistence of the fungus on wheat grains. The B. bassiana strain controlled 89%±0.07 of R. dominica adults and 80% ±0.14 of S. oryzae. The survival analysis showed that MST was 4.27 ±0.19 days for R. dominica adults and 4.27 ±0.20 days for S. oryzae. Furthermore, results of long rank test for the comparison of the Kaplan-Meier curves did not present significant differences between the survival of both stored grain pests. Dual choice tests demonstrated that B. bassiana LPSc1227 presented a repellent action against both stored grain pests. The seed persistence of conidia was 100% in treated seeds after 45 days. Further research will contribute to elucidate more insecticidal features of the B. bassiana LPSc 1227 strain against S. oryzae and R. dominica, two main stored grain insect pests. Highlights: bassiana presented insecticidal activity against R. dominica and S. oryzae. bassiana demonstrated a repellent action against both stored grain pests. bassiana was able to persist on the surface of wheat grains after 45 days storage.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides increase agricultural productivity worldwide. Unfortunately, these pesticides put public health and the environment at risk. This study aimed to document the presence of pests and diseases in tomato crops, the range of pesticides used, and acute pesticide poisoning symptoms (APP) among producers from various municipalities in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Surveys were applied from 2019 to 2021. The information was examined through a descriptive analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho correlation established differences between groups and associations. The main pests were the white fly, various worms, blight, mildew, and weeds. Fifty-five active ingredients (AI) were identified, predominantly Toxicological Category (TC) IV, such as insecticides and fungicides, as well as TC III herbicides. Factors associated with a greater diversity of AI were <10 years in agricultural activity, high presence of pests and diseases, and surfaces >1 ha. Up to six APP symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers, and 58.2% of the AI identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Highlights: Fifty-five active ingredients were identified in tomato crops, predominantly insecticides and fungicides. More than fifty percent of the active ingredients identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Up to six acute pesticide poisoning symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers.
{"title":"Health risk due to pesticide exposure in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop in Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Héctor Ulises Bernardino Hernández, Honorio Torres Aguilar","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.107","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides increase agricultural productivity worldwide. Unfortunately, these pesticides put public health and the environment at risk. This study aimed to document the presence of pests and diseases in tomato crops, the range of pesticides used, and acute pesticide poisoning symptoms (APP) among producers from various municipalities in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Surveys were applied from 2019 to 2021. The information was examined through a descriptive analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho correlation established differences between groups and associations. The main pests were the white fly, various worms, blight, mildew, and weeds. Fifty-five active ingredients (AI) were identified, predominantly Toxicological Category (TC) IV, such as insecticides and fungicides, as well as TC III herbicides. Factors associated with a greater diversity of AI were <10 years in agricultural activity, high presence of pests and diseases, and surfaces >1 ha. Up to six APP symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers, and 58.2% of the AI identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Highlights: Fifty-five active ingredients were identified in tomato crops, predominantly insecticides and fungicides. More than fifty percent of the active ingredients identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Up to six acute pesticide poisoning symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leticia Andrea Fernández, Victoria Fernández Etchegaray, Gisela Grandinetti, Matías Francisco Ledesma González, S. K. Medici, A. Alippi
Bee pollen is consumed as a dietary supplement. Its quality parameters are regulated by the Argentine Food Code (AFCode). The present study characterized 10 commercial dehydrated samples from five Argentine provinces to provide information on hygienic quality and health safety. We assessed their microbiological quality, including potential mycotoxins. We also determined their botanical origin and moisture. Results showed that seven out of ten samples presented lower counts of culturable heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria than those allowed by the AFCode. In contrast, all samples showed higher filamentous fungi and yeast counts than the level approved by the AFCode. No fumonisin or deoxynivalenol was detected; we observed only aflatoxin B2 in one sample and ochratoxin A in two. The results of the botanical origin of samples showed that all samples had a predominant pollen type, except one. The microbiological quality of all samples agreed with that required by the AFCode, except filamentous fungi and yeasts. In addition, we found variations among samples from the same province. Therefore, if pollen is intended for human consumption, appropriate hygiene standards must be applied to all bee pollen production operations. Highlights: The microbiological quality of bee pollen samples, regardless of the province or botanical origin, agreed with the requirements of the AFCode, except for filamentous fungus and yeast. All samples showed filamentous fungus and yeast counts higher than the permitted level in the AFCode. Mycotoxin levels found in bee pollen were far from the limits allowed in humans (10 µg.kg-1) by regulations for other foods. All samples analyzed were pollen mixes verified by identifying numerous botanical species. The characterization of Argentinian commercial bee pollen showed that it was suitable for human consumption.
{"title":"Characterization of Argentine commercial bee pollen intended for human consumption","authors":"Leticia Andrea Fernández, Victoria Fernández Etchegaray, Gisela Grandinetti, Matías Francisco Ledesma González, S. K. Medici, A. Alippi","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.106","url":null,"abstract":"Bee pollen is consumed as a dietary supplement. Its quality parameters are regulated by the Argentine Food Code (AFCode). The present study characterized 10 commercial dehydrated samples from five Argentine provinces to provide information on hygienic quality and health safety. We assessed their microbiological quality, including potential mycotoxins. We also determined their botanical origin and moisture. Results showed that seven out of ten samples presented lower counts of culturable heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria than those allowed by the AFCode. In contrast, all samples showed higher filamentous fungi and yeast counts than the level approved by the AFCode. No fumonisin or deoxynivalenol was detected; we observed only aflatoxin B2 in one sample and ochratoxin A in two. The results of the botanical origin of samples showed that all samples had a predominant pollen type, except one. The microbiological quality of all samples agreed with that required by the AFCode, except filamentous fungi and yeasts. In addition, we found variations among samples from the same province. Therefore, if pollen is intended for human consumption, appropriate hygiene standards must be applied to all bee pollen production operations. Highlights: The microbiological quality of bee pollen samples, regardless of the province or botanical origin, agreed with the requirements of the AFCode, except for filamentous fungus and yeast. All samples showed filamentous fungus and yeast counts higher than the permitted level in the AFCode. Mycotoxin levels found in bee pollen were far from the limits allowed in humans (10 µg.kg-1) by regulations for other foods. All samples analyzed were pollen mixes verified by identifying numerous botanical species. The characterization of Argentinian commercial bee pollen showed that it was suitable for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Boiteux, M. A. Fernández, M. Espino, Maria Fernanda Silva, P. Pizzuolo, G. Lucero
Phytophthora palmivora is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for “dry branch” disease, causing significant economic losses in olive trees. Synthetic chemical fungicides are currently used for the control of P. palmivora. The general concern about the negative consequences of using synthetic products prioritizes the search for eco-friendly alternatives. In this context, plant extracts have emerged as an interesting and promising alternative for crop protection. This work studies the inhibitory activity of Larrea divaricata extract on P. palmivora mycelial growth, sporangium and zoospore production. The extract showed fungicidal activity against P. palmivora mycelial growth at concentrations over 150 mg mL-1. Specifically, the extract at 50 mg mL-1 completely suppressed the production of P. palmivora sporangia and zoospores. The alkaloid piperine in L. divaricata extract showed antimicrobial activity against P. palmivora mycelial growth. Extract effectiveness was also evaluated on olive trees in a greenhouse, showing 63% of disease reduction. These results support the use of L. divaricata extract as another environmentally friendly tool to be included in an integrated disease management program for dry branch disease caused by P. palmivora. Highlights: L. divaricata extract showed an effective antimicrobial activity against P. palmivora. Piperine was identified in the divaricata extract by HPLC/MWD. The alkaloid piperine in divaricata extract showed antimicrobial activity on the mycelial growth of P. palmivora. L. divaricata extract could be included in an integrated management programme for dry branch disease caused by P. palmivora.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Larrea divaricata extract for the management of Phytophthora palmivora in olive trees","authors":"J. Boiteux, M. A. Fernández, M. Espino, Maria Fernanda Silva, P. Pizzuolo, G. Lucero","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.112","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora palmivora is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for “dry branch” disease, causing significant economic losses in olive trees. Synthetic chemical fungicides are currently used for the control of P. palmivora. The general concern about the negative consequences of using synthetic products prioritizes the search for eco-friendly alternatives. In this context, plant extracts have emerged as an interesting and promising alternative for crop protection. This work studies the inhibitory activity of Larrea divaricata extract on P. palmivora mycelial growth, sporangium and zoospore production. The extract showed fungicidal activity against P. palmivora mycelial growth at concentrations over 150 mg mL-1. Specifically, the extract at 50 mg mL-1 completely suppressed the production of P. palmivora sporangia and zoospores. The alkaloid piperine in L. divaricata extract showed antimicrobial activity against P. palmivora mycelial growth. Extract effectiveness was also evaluated on olive trees in a greenhouse, showing 63% of disease reduction. These results support the use of L. divaricata extract as another environmentally friendly tool to be included in an integrated disease management program for dry branch disease caused by P. palmivora. Highlights: L. divaricata extract showed an effective antimicrobial activity against P. palmivora. Piperine was identified in the divaricata extract by HPLC/MWD. The alkaloid piperine in divaricata extract showed antimicrobial activity on the mycelial growth of P. palmivora. L. divaricata extract could be included in an integrated management programme for dry branch disease caused by P. palmivora.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：