L. Bermejo, D. Façanha, Nieves Beneda Guerra, J. Viera
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is one of the EU tools for rural development. Most of the literature on this subject is focused on premium prices and consumers’ willingness to pay for local products, since PDO and other labels aim to provide premium incomes for farmers. Our assumption is that PDO drives unexpected changes of farming styles not only related to processing or market strategies but also related to local resources using and to stablishing of different approach to agriculture and food production. We analyzed the PDO Queso Palmero (La Palma cheese) as a case of a dual label system (brand–certification common label) because it gives us the opportunity to compare farmers involved in a PDO scheme with farmers who works outside such systems. We conclude that private brands are more important than common label certification in price formation, but both are complementary, since PDO reinforces farmers’ efforts to improve quality. Beyond premium price, PDO also drives a radical change in farm structures, since it reconnects products to local resources (grazing vs intensification) and redesigns relationships with markets (shortening and diversifying chains and widening product offer). This change is characterized by implementation of new farming strategies in the context of PDO structure that coexist with classical farming strategies closer to intensification, not only in terms of productivity but also in terms of decoupling from local resources and productive and market specialization. Therefore, PDO is a powerful tool for rural development in a wide sense (resilience, empowerment, local capacity and network formation among others) far beyond its narrow remit of promoting economic growth (local or regional). Therefore, the coupling with local resources and the strength of local network and relationships as source of resilience, knowledge and capabilities improvement, have to be included in performance assessment of GIs in order to broaden the appraisal of role in regional development. Highlights PDO as institution is a powerful tool of farm transformation not only a protection structure of collective heritage or asset. Private brand effect on price is larger than common label effect (PDO label). PDO as institution leads radical changes of goat production systems from more production – oriented toward more market – oriented styles. Market chains and product diversification, focusing on quality, concern about consumers and coupling with local resources are distinctive features of farms involved in PDO.
{"title":"Protected designation of origin as driver of change in goat production systems: Beyond added value","authors":"L. Bermejo, D. Façanha, Nieves Beneda Guerra, J. Viera","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is one of the EU tools for rural development. Most of the literature on this subject is focused on premium prices and consumers’ willingness to pay for local products, since PDO and other labels aim to provide premium incomes for farmers. Our assumption is that PDO drives unexpected changes of farming styles not only related to processing or market strategies but also related to local resources using and to stablishing of different approach to agriculture and food production. We analyzed the PDO Queso Palmero (La Palma cheese) as a case of a dual label system (brand–certification common label) because it gives us the opportunity to compare farmers involved in a PDO scheme with farmers who works outside such systems. We conclude that private brands are more important than common label certification in price formation, but both are complementary, since PDO reinforces farmers’ efforts to improve quality. Beyond premium price, PDO also drives a radical change in farm structures, since it reconnects products to local resources (grazing vs intensification) and redesigns relationships with markets (shortening and diversifying chains and widening product offer). This change is characterized by implementation of new farming strategies in the context of PDO structure that coexist with classical farming strategies closer to intensification, not only in terms of productivity but also in terms of decoupling from local resources and productive and market specialization. Therefore, PDO is a powerful tool for rural development in a wide sense (resilience, empowerment, local capacity and network formation among others) far beyond its narrow remit of promoting economic growth (local or regional). Therefore, the coupling with local resources and the strength of local network and relationships as source of resilience, knowledge and capabilities improvement, have to be included in performance assessment of GIs in order to broaden the appraisal of role in regional development. \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000PDO as institution is a powerful tool of farm transformation not only a protection structure of collective heritage or asset. \u0000Private brand effect on price is larger than common label effect (PDO label). \u0000PDO as institution leads radical changes of goat production systems from more production – oriented toward more market – oriented styles. \u0000Market chains and product diversification, focusing on quality, concern about consumers and coupling with local resources are distinctive features of farms involved in PDO. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81647480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Angón, Tomás Bragulat, Antón García, A. Giorgis, J. Perea
This paper analyzes how decision-making, management capacity and technology adoption by beekeepers, affect the technical efficiency (TE) of Argentinean beekeeping through the case study of the province of La Pampa (Argentina). The assessment of TE is currently receiving ever-growing attention as an indicator of sustainability and usage of sufficient natural resources in beekeeping activities. This study aimed to identify the key factors affecting the technical efficiency of bee farms in the province of La Pampa. The study included a sample of 40 bee farms and estimated their TE score through an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. In a second stage, Tobit regression was determined to evaluate the technical inefficiency determinants. This paper found that most beekeeping production units have low TE levels. Only 25 % of bee farms produce either at or close to the frontier. The Tobit model revealed that variables such as marital status, educational level, primary family income, source information usage, planning and health area, affect positively on pure technical efficiency. These results are considered to be of great interest for structured beekeeping systems on small-scale and family farms, as well as for political decision-makers, regarding a public program in apiculture. Highlights: Argentina is the leading country in America, exporting honey worldwide. DEA approach and Tobit model based on a two-stage analysis is a useful tool when evaluating livestock production systems. Bee farmers in La Pampa (Argentina) are operating below the production frontier, which indicates there is still scope for improvement. Variables such as marital status, educational level, primary family income, source information usage, planning and health area, affect positively on technical efficiency. Beekeepers should be encouraged by the government to improve their efficiency through training programs to ease decision-making and management, therefore enhancing productivity.
{"title":"Key factors affecting the technical efficiency of bee farms in the province of La Pampa (Argentina): A two-stage DEA approach","authors":"E. Angón, Tomás Bragulat, Antón García, A. Giorgis, J. Perea","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyzes how decision-making, management capacity and technology adoption by beekeepers, affect the technical efficiency (TE) of Argentinean beekeeping through the case study of the province of La Pampa (Argentina). The assessment of TE is currently receiving ever-growing attention as an indicator of sustainability and usage of sufficient natural resources in beekeeping activities. This study aimed to identify the key factors affecting the technical efficiency of bee farms in the province of La Pampa. The study included a sample of 40 bee farms and estimated their TE score through an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. In a second stage, Tobit regression was determined to evaluate the technical inefficiency determinants. This paper found that most beekeeping production units have low TE levels. Only 25 % of bee farms produce either at or close to the frontier. The Tobit model revealed that variables such as marital status, educational level, primary family income, source information usage, planning and health area, affect positively on pure technical efficiency. These results are considered to be of great interest for structured beekeeping systems on small-scale and family farms, as well as for political decision-makers, regarding a public program in apiculture.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Argentina is the leading country in America, exporting honey worldwide.\u0000DEA approach and Tobit model based on a two-stage analysis is a useful tool when evaluating livestock production systems.\u0000Bee farmers in La Pampa (Argentina) are operating below the production frontier, which indicates there is still scope for improvement.\u0000Variables such as marital status, educational level, primary family income, source information usage, planning and health area, affect positively on technical efficiency.\u0000Beekeepers should be encouraged by the government to improve their efficiency through training programs to ease decision-making and management, therefore enhancing productivity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81169141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luceli Méndez Serrano, J. P. Juárez-Sánchez, B. Ramírez-Valverde, Laura Caso Barrera
Alternative tourism, specifically cultural tourism, has gained worldwide importance. This is reflected in the growing number of people preferring this type of leisure activity. However, and even though archaeological and religious contexts represent hubs of attraction for pilgrims and tourists, their development seems to generate social issues. The objective of this research is to analyse the social impact of cultural tourism, from the perspective of tradesmen living in the rural municipality of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Information was collected by surveys. Sample size was calculated using the non-probabilistic method (snowball), and 54 tradesmen owning establishments near tourist attractions, were interviewed. Results evidenced that tradesmen do perceive social problems including traffic congestion, increasing living costs, pollution, street vendors, and augmented competition between businesses. However, they appreciate the benefits of providing tourists with low-cost catering services, considering tourism to be positive or very positive. The conclusion is that economic benefits outweigh the social impacts generated by tourism. Highlights: The influx of pilgrims and tourists is generating some social problems in the receiving rural spaces. Tourism service providers derive little benefit due to the low-cost services in accommodation and meal offer to tourists. Social problems are increasing (road traffic, higher cost of living, pollution, street vendors) and greater competition between businesses. Tourist activity is considered good or very good since it contributes to local development.
{"title":"Social impact analysis of cultural tourism in rural areas of Tlaxcala, Mexico","authors":"Luceli Méndez Serrano, J. P. Juárez-Sánchez, B. Ramírez-Valverde, Laura Caso Barrera","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.031","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative tourism, specifically cultural tourism, has gained worldwide importance. This is reflected in the growing number of people preferring this type of leisure activity. However, and even though archaeological and religious contexts represent hubs of attraction for pilgrims and tourists, their development seems to generate social issues. The objective of this research is to analyse the social impact of cultural tourism, from the perspective of tradesmen living in the rural municipality of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Information was collected by surveys. Sample size was calculated using the non-probabilistic method (snowball), and 54 tradesmen owning establishments near tourist attractions, were interviewed. Results evidenced that tradesmen do perceive social problems including traffic congestion, increasing living costs, pollution, street vendors, and augmented competition between businesses. However, they appreciate the benefits of providing tourists with low-cost catering services, considering tourism to be positive or very positive. The conclusion is that economic benefits outweigh the social impacts generated by tourism.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The influx of pilgrims and tourists is generating some social problems in the receiving rural spaces.\u0000Tourism service providers derive little benefit due to the low-cost services in accommodation and meal offer to tourists.\u0000Social problems are increasing (road traffic, higher cost of living, pollution, street vendors) and greater competition between businesses.\u0000Tourist activity is considered good or very good since it contributes to local development.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78746401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. S. Alves, J. Rocha, L. P. Teodoro, L. P. Carvalho, F. J. C. Farias, M. Resende, L. L. Bhering, P. Teodoro
Multi-trait best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is, generally, the most appropriate method to genetic evaluation because it considers the genetic and residual correlations among traits and conduct to higher selection accuracy. Thus, the present study aimed to identify traits correlated to the fiber length via path analysis under multi-trait BLUP for the cotton breeding. To this end, thirty-six elite lines were evaluated in three environments and phenotyped for many traits related to fiber quality and agronomic traits. Variance components were estimated via residual maximum likelihood (REML). The genetic correlation coefficients among traits were obtained through mixed model output, and to graphically express these results a correlation network was built. Subsequently, we performed path analysis considering fiber length as a principal dependent variable. Genetic parameters obtained by multi-trait BLUP model indicate that the phenotypic variance for most traits is mostly composed of residual effects, which reinforces the need for using more accurate statistical methods such as multi-trait BLUP. The results found for genetic correlations and path analysis under multi-trait BLUP reveal the difficulty of selection based on important fiber quality traits, especially fiber length, since most traits show very low cause-and-effect relationship, and other important traits present undesirable cause-and-effect relationship. Highlights Multiple-trait BLUP is the most appropriate method to predict genetic values. This is the first study in cotton to perform path analysis under multiple-trait BLUP. The findings of this study indicate that there is no genotype presenting all desirable traits.
{"title":"Path analysis under multiple-trait BLUP: application in the study of interrelationships among traits related to cotton fiber length","authors":"R. S. Alves, J. Rocha, L. P. Teodoro, L. P. Carvalho, F. J. C. Farias, M. Resende, L. L. Bhering, P. Teodoro","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Multi-trait best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is, generally, the most appropriate method to genetic evaluation because it considers the genetic and residual correlations among traits and conduct to higher selection accuracy. Thus, the present study aimed to identify traits correlated to the fiber length via path analysis under multi-trait BLUP for the cotton breeding. To this end, thirty-six elite lines were evaluated in three environments and phenotyped for many traits related to fiber quality and agronomic traits. Variance components were estimated via residual maximum likelihood (REML). The genetic correlation coefficients among traits were obtained through mixed model output, and to graphically express these results a correlation network was built. Subsequently, we performed path analysis considering fiber length as a principal dependent variable. Genetic parameters obtained by multi-trait BLUP model indicate that the phenotypic variance for most traits is mostly composed of residual effects, which reinforces the need for using more accurate statistical methods such as multi-trait BLUP. The results found for genetic correlations and path analysis under multi-trait BLUP reveal the difficulty of selection based on important fiber quality traits, especially fiber length, since most traits show very low cause-and-effect relationship, and other important traits present undesirable cause-and-effect relationship. \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000Multiple-trait BLUP is the most appropriate method to predict genetic values. \u0000This is the first study in cotton to perform path analysis under multiple-trait BLUP. \u0000The findings of this study indicate that there is no genotype presenting all desirable traits. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90675383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula Maia dos Santos, E. Santos, J. Oliveira, G. Carvalho, G. G. L. Araújo, A. Zanine, R. Pinho, D. Ferreira, A. J. Macêdo, J. Alves
We evaluated the effects of urea addition on gas and effluent losses, fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn silages. A completely randomised design with five levels of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% based on dry matter) and five replicates was used. A decreasing linear effect of urea levels on effluent losses in corn silages was observed. In parallel, an increasing linear effect of urea levels on pH, increasing from 3.49 to 4.12 in silages without urea in relation to silages with the maximum urea level, was also observed. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the silages, with 62 h for the silages without urea and from 90 to >96 h for the silages with urea. Based on the results of the principal components, two groups (I and II) could be distinguished. The most discriminating variables in group I were dry matter (-0.9), pH (-1.2) and lactic acid bacteria (-0.9), while in group II, effluent losses (1.0), ethanol (1.0), acetic acid (0.8) and gas losses (0.8) were most important. The use of urea at inclusion levels of around 2% in corn silage reduced gas losses, improved the nutritive value and promote the aerobic stability of silages. Highlights: The addition of urea in the corn silages increased the pH values from 3.49 (control) to 4.12 (2% of urea DM). The use of urea improved chemical composition of corn silages. The addition of urea reduced the moulds and yeast populations in the corn silages after exposure to air. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the corn silages.
{"title":"Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical compositivo of corn (Zea mays L.) silage","authors":"Ana Paula Maia dos Santos, E. Santos, J. Oliveira, G. Carvalho, G. G. L. Araújo, A. Zanine, R. Pinho, D. Ferreira, A. J. Macêdo, J. Alves","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We evaluated the effects of urea addition on gas and effluent losses, fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn silages. A completely randomised design with five levels of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% based on dry matter) and five replicates was used. A decreasing linear effect of urea levels on effluent losses in corn silages was observed. In parallel, an increasing linear effect of urea levels on pH, increasing from 3.49 to 4.12 in silages without urea in relation to silages with the maximum urea level, was also observed. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the silages, with 62 h for the silages without urea and from 90 to >96 h for the silages with urea. Based on the results of the principal components, two groups (I and II) could be distinguished. The most discriminating variables in group I were dry matter (-0.9), pH (-1.2) and lactic acid bacteria (-0.9), while in group II, effluent losses (1.0), ethanol (1.0), acetic acid (0.8) and gas losses (0.8) were most important. The use of urea at inclusion levels of around 2% in corn silage reduced gas losses, improved the nutritive value and promote the aerobic stability of silages. \u0000Highlights: \u0000 \u0000The addition of urea in the corn silages increased the pH values from 3.49 (control) to 4.12 (2% of urea DM). \u0000The use of urea improved chemical composition of corn silages. \u0000The addition of urea reduced the moulds and yeast populations in the corn silages after exposure to air. \u0000Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the corn silages. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76770653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mimosa ephedroides is an endemic shrub from western Argentina. The knowledge of the germination response of this species to different environmental factors contribute to its efficient use in ecological restoration projects. This study aimed to examine aspects of seed quality, seed dormancy, and the effect of temperature, water and saline stress on the germination of this species. Also, the effect of seed storage time on the viability and the percentage of germinated seeds were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in controlled growth chambers. Germination percentage and mean germination time were calculated. It was found that this species has non-dormant seeds. Concerning abiotic factors, the optimum temperature for germination ranged from 20 to 30 ºC, it presented high germination percentages even at moderate and severe water stress (-1.12 MPa), and the germination percentages decreased with increasing salinity levels from 300 mM NaCl. In short periods (up to 36 months), seed storage at room temperature (18ºC) was adequate, not affecting the viability and the germination power of the seeds. These results constitute a contribution to the knowledge of the autecological aspects of this endemic species, support its incorporation for restoration projects, and aid to an efficient use of native seeds for direct seeding or seedling production. Highlights Mimosa ephedroides seeds are non- dormant, show high viability and rapid germination (>24 h). This shrub is able to germinate in a wide range of temperatures and under moderate and severe water stress. High salinity levels (<300 Mm NaCl) negatively affected seed germination. Seed storage for short periods (<5 years) at room temperature (18ºC) did not affect seed viability and germination.
含羞草是阿根廷西部的一种地方性灌木。了解其萌发对不同环境因子的响应，有助于其在生态修复工程中的有效利用。本研究旨在探讨种子品质、种子休眠以及温度、水分和盐胁迫对该树种萌发的影响。并对种子贮藏时间对种子活力和发芽率的影响进行了评价。实验在受控的生长室内进行。计算发芽率和平均发芽时间。发现该物种具有非休眠种子。在非生物条件下，最适萌发温度为20 ~ 30℃，中、重度水分胁迫(-1.12 MPa)下萌发率均较高，从300 mM NaCl开始，随着盐度的增加，萌发率逐渐降低。在短时间内(长达36个月)，种子在室温(18℃)下储存是足够的，不影响种子的生存力和发芽力。这些结果有助于了解这一特有物种的生态学方面的知识，支持将其纳入恢复项目，并有助于有效利用本地种子进行直接播种或幼苗生产。含羞草(Mimosa ephedroides)种子具有非休眠、高活力和快速发芽(>24 h)的特点，能够在较宽的温度范围和中重度水分胁迫下发芽。高盐度(<300 Mm NaCl)对种子萌发有不利影响。种子在室温(18℃)下短时间(<5年)贮藏对种子活力和萌发无影响。
{"title":"Environmental factors affecting germination of Mimosa ephedroides (Fabaceae), an endemic shrub from Monte Desert, Argentina","authors":"S. Dágata, M. E. Fernández, C. B. Passera","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mimosa ephedroides is an endemic shrub from western Argentina. The knowledge of the germination response of this species to different environmental factors contribute to its efficient use in ecological restoration projects. This study aimed to examine aspects of seed quality, seed dormancy, and the effect of temperature, water and saline stress on the germination of this species. Also, the effect of seed storage time on the viability and the percentage of germinated seeds were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in controlled growth chambers. Germination percentage and mean germination time were calculated. It was found that this species has non-dormant seeds. Concerning abiotic factors, the optimum temperature for germination ranged from 20 to 30 ºC, it presented high germination percentages even at moderate and severe water stress (-1.12 MPa), and the germination percentages decreased with increasing salinity levels from 300 mM NaCl. In short periods (up to 36 months), seed storage at room temperature (18ºC) was adequate, not affecting the viability and the germination power of the seeds. These results constitute a contribution to the knowledge of the autecological aspects of this endemic species, support its incorporation for restoration projects, and aid to an efficient use of native seeds for direct seeding or seedling production. \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000Mimosa ephedroides seeds are non- dormant, show high viability and rapid germination (>24 h). \u0000This shrub is able to germinate in a wide range of temperatures and under moderate and severe water stress. \u0000High salinity levels (<300 Mm NaCl) negatively affected seed germination. \u0000Seed storage for short periods (<5 years) at room temperature (18ºC) did not affect seed viability and germination. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79007145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Albrecht, A. F. M. Silva, A. Barroso, L. Albrecht, H. F. Placido, L. R. Marco, L. C. Baccin, R. Victoria-Filho
Chloris elata is an important weed for grain and sugarcane crops. In addition to its aggressiveness, it may show resistance to glyphosate herbicide. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of glyphosate formulations, isolated or in association with ACCase inhibitors, in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate) at different developmental stages. Four experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of glyphosate application under different formulations with ACCase inhibitors, isolated or in mixtures. Applications were carried out at the stages of four fully expanded leaves in Experiment I, four tillers in Experiment II, and at regrowth of the four-tiller plants in Experiments III and IV. Applications of glyphosate isopropylamine salt associated with sethoxydim or clethodim showed to be among the best treatments in Experiments I, II, and III, presenting control scores equal to or greater than 90%. However, not even these treatments could provide successful control in Experiment IV. Moreover, and regardless of the formulation, isolated glyphosate, showed 85% (Experiment III) and 50% (Experiment IV) maximum controls. Associations between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides showed to be effective in controlling C. elata, especially at early developmental stages. In general, isolated herbicides provided lower percentages of control, as well as higher values of dry matter. Sole herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate), regardless of the developmental stage. Highlights: Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting have been shown to be effective in C. elata control, especially in the early development stages. Isolated herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata, regardless of the development stage. Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting is more important in the control than the glyphosate formulation or ACCase-inhibiting used.
{"title":"Mixtures between glyphosate formulations and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in the control of Chloris elata","authors":"A. Albrecht, A. F. M. Silva, A. Barroso, L. Albrecht, H. F. Placido, L. R. Marco, L. C. Baccin, R. Victoria-Filho","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Chloris elata is an important weed for grain and sugarcane crops. In addition to its aggressiveness, it may show resistance to glyphosate herbicide. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of glyphosate formulations, isolated or in association with ACCase inhibitors, in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate) at different developmental stages. Four experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of glyphosate application under different formulations with ACCase inhibitors, isolated or in mixtures. Applications were carried out at the stages of four fully expanded leaves in Experiment I, four tillers in Experiment II, and at regrowth of the four-tiller plants in Experiments III and IV. Applications of glyphosate isopropylamine salt associated with sethoxydim or clethodim showed to be among the best treatments in Experiments I, II, and III, presenting control scores equal to or greater than 90%. However, not even these treatments could provide successful control in Experiment IV. Moreover, and regardless of the formulation, isolated glyphosate, showed 85% (Experiment III) and 50% (Experiment IV) maximum controls. Associations between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides showed to be effective in controlling C. elata, especially at early developmental stages. In general, isolated herbicides provided lower percentages of control, as well as higher values of dry matter. Sole herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate), regardless of the developmental stage.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting have been shown to be effective in C. elata control, especially in the early development stages.\u0000Isolated herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata, regardless of the development stage.\u0000Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting is more important in the control than the glyphosate formulation or ACCase-inhibiting used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80245419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Cecilia Crenna, C. Oddino, Santiago Ferrari, J. Giuggia, D. Giovanini, D. F. Giordano
Argentina is the second largest peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) exporter in the world. The main peanut pest in our country is the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836). To date, there is no validated method to quantify this pest. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a logarithmic diagrammatic scale to assess damage by the two-spotted spider mite in peanut. In 2015-16, 200 leaflets were collected from a plot infested with the pest. Damaged leaf area (DLA) was calculated using SisCob software. Six-, seven-, eight- and nine-class scales were proposed. Mean values for each class and scale were obtained with 2-LOG. Leaflets were analyzed by 13 raters who used the four proposed scales. Precision and accuracy were determined by simple linear regression between the DLA and estimated damaged leaf area. Reproducibility was determined by linear regression between estimates of raters combined in pairs. The seven-class scale was the best validated one for all the parameters. Most raters showed constant deviations and overestimated DLA, whereas only one rater presented systematic deviations. This seven-class scale is the first developed and validated one to evaluate two-spotted spider mite damage to peanut in Argentina. Highlights According to the validation results, the seven-class diagrammatic scale was the best one in terms of accuracy, precision and reproducibility with values above 0.80, 0.75 and 0.75 respectively. The scales are useful tools for pest assessment, fundamental parameters for integrated pest management. The seven-class scale is the first one developed and validated for evaluating damage by the two-spotted spider mite in peanut crop in Argentina. With this scale a loss function will be calculate which will allow the estimation of the EIL of this pest.
{"title":"Development and validation of diagrammatic scales to evaluate damage by the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in peanut","authors":"Ana Cecilia Crenna, C. Oddino, Santiago Ferrari, J. Giuggia, D. Giovanini, D. F. Giordano","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Argentina is the second largest peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) exporter in the world. The main peanut pest in our country is the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836). To date, there is no validated method to quantify this pest. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a logarithmic diagrammatic scale to assess damage by the two-spotted spider mite in peanut. In 2015-16, 200 leaflets were collected from a plot infested with the pest. Damaged leaf area (DLA) was calculated using SisCob software. Six-, seven-, eight- and nine-class scales were proposed. Mean values for each class and scale were obtained with 2-LOG. Leaflets were analyzed by 13 raters who used the four proposed scales. Precision and accuracy were determined by simple linear regression between the DLA and estimated damaged leaf area. Reproducibility was determined by linear regression between estimates of raters combined in pairs. The seven-class scale was the best validated one for all the parameters. Most raters showed constant deviations and overestimated DLA, whereas only one rater presented systematic deviations. This seven-class scale is the first developed and validated one to evaluate two-spotted spider mite damage to peanut in Argentina. \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000According to the validation results, the seven-class diagrammatic scale was the best one in terms of accuracy, precision and reproducibility with values above 0.80, 0.75 and 0.75 respectively. \u0000The scales are useful tools for pest assessment, fundamental parameters for integrated pest management. \u0000The seven-class scale is the first one developed and validated for evaluating damage by the two-spotted spider mite in peanut crop in Argentina. \u0000With this scale a loss function will be calculate which will allow the estimation of the EIL of this pest. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74551854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angélica Valeria Lorenzana Moreno, M. E. Hernández, Augusto César Lizarazo Chaparro, F. Pérez, L. Romero, José Antonio Martínez García, G. Martínez
The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05). Highlights The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine. The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources. Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation.
本研究的目的是表征瘤胃发酵的化学成分，同时估计两种草药饲料植物添加剂的体外蛋白质降解(来自瘤胃氨浓度)和动力学。以提供赖氨酸(Lys)的芒果Phaseolus and Linum usitatissimum和提供蛋氨酸(Met)的Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa配制该草药混合物。以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和溶剂提取豆粕(Glicine max)为标准蛋白质来源，采用改良的体外产气技术，记录发酵动力学和干物质消化率(72 h)，采用完全随机设计，然后进行Tukey试验。混合中草药的瘤胃氨浓度低于标准蛋白质源(P<0.05)，说明混合中草药蛋白质具有抗瘤胃降解的作用。添加赖氨酸或蛋氨酸的中草药添加剂在培养前4 h的N-NH3浓度最低。8 h时，含赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的中草药产品的浓度分别为0.27和0.54 mg dL-1，显著低于溶剂提取豆粕和苜蓿(分别为1.15和2.24 mg dL-1, P<0.05)。本实验以芒果菜豆和芡实为主要原料，提供旁路赖氨酸。以葫芦巴和葱为原料配制的复方中草药可提供旁路蛋氨酸。中草药混合物的瘤胃氨浓度低于标准蛋白质源。草药混合物中的蛋白质可以抵抗瘤胃降解。
{"title":"Ruminal ammonia concentration and fermentation kinetics of commercial herbal feed additives with amino acids","authors":"Angélica Valeria Lorenzana Moreno, M. E. Hernández, Augusto César Lizarazo Chaparro, F. Pérez, L. Romero, José Antonio Martínez García, G. Martínez","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05). \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine. \u0000The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine. \u0000Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources. \u0000Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80094939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Salas Marina, Gladys del Carmen Hernández Eleria, Vidal Hernández García, C. R. Velasco, María Fernanda Ruiz Cisneros, L. A. R. Larramendi, C. García, Eduardo Espinoza Medinilla
Tomatoes are affected by fungi of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, reducing the quantity and quality of the fruit.Since plant extracts are an alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, the antifungal effect of Salmea scandens extracts was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani and the functional groups of the chemical constituents were identified.The aqueous extracts were obtained by three techniques (soxhlet, assisted ultrasound and maceration) and three solvents (water, acetone and ethyl ether), these were evaluated against F. oxysporum in poisoned medium and A. solani in tomato fruit. The functional groups were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The best extraction technique for S. scandenswas soxhlet with all three solvents. Maceration-acetone extracts at concentrations of 4000 and 5000 ppm showed increased antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and A. solani. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and aromatic compounds as the possible responsible for the antifungal activity.S. scandensextracts have a high potential to be used as a preventive treatment in the control of F. oxysporum and A. solani. Highlights The highest mass/volume extraction efficiency yield was with the soxhlet technique using water as a solvent. Extracts obtained by maceration-acetone technique, caused the strongest Fusarium oxysporum inhibition. The maceration-acetone extract at 5000 ppm, showed higher inhibition of A. solani mycelial growth than the commercial fungicide Hymexazol.
{"title":"Salmea scandens (Asteraceae) extracts inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani pathogens of tomato","authors":"Miguel Ángel Salas Marina, Gladys del Carmen Hernández Eleria, Vidal Hernández García, C. R. Velasco, María Fernanda Ruiz Cisneros, L. A. R. Larramendi, C. García, Eduardo Espinoza Medinilla","doi":"10.48162/REV.39.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/REV.39.025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Tomatoes are affected by fungi of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, reducing the quantity and quality of the fruit.Since plant extracts are an alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, the antifungal effect of Salmea scandens extracts was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani and the functional groups of the chemical constituents were identified.The aqueous extracts were obtained by three techniques (soxhlet, assisted ultrasound and maceration) and three solvents (water, acetone and ethyl ether), these were evaluated against F. oxysporum in poisoned medium and A. solani in tomato fruit. The functional groups were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The best extraction technique for S. scandenswas soxhlet with all three solvents. Maceration-acetone extracts at concentrations of 4000 and 5000 ppm showed increased antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and A. solani. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and aromatic compounds as the possible responsible for the antifungal activity.S. scandensextracts have a high potential to be used as a preventive treatment in the control of F. oxysporum and A. solani. \u0000Highlights \u0000 \u0000The highest mass/volume extraction efficiency yield was with the soxhlet technique using water as a solvent. \u0000Extracts obtained by maceration-acetone technique, caused the strongest Fusarium oxysporum inhibition. \u0000The maceration-acetone extract at 5000 ppm, showed higher inhibition of A. solani mycelial growth than the commercial fungicide Hymexazol. \u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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