Ricardo Andrés Troncoso Sepúlveda, Juan Hernán Cabas Monje, B. Guesmi
This study aims to examine the impact of land tenure arrangements on production costs in a sample of rice farmers in Ñuble Region, Chile. A stochastic frontier model was estimated using the primal approach on a panel of 107 farmers in 2014-2015. Production cost was broken down into frontier costs and inefficiency. According to findings, economic inefficiency raises rice production costs by 82%. Technical inefficiency accounts for a 61% increase, while allocative inefficiency accounts for 21%. Across tenure types, land is the input with the highest misallocation, accounting for 93% of allocative inefficiency costs. Sharecropping is the arrangement allocating inputs most efficiently, producing significant differences in production costs relative to leasing and ownership. This finding suggests that before designing a policy to induce a tenure system, it is necessary to evaluate specific cases as there is no system superior to another, strictly speaking. Highlights: Economic inefficiency raises rice production costs by 82%. Technical inefficiency accounts for a 61% increase, while allocative inefficiency accounts for 21%. The sharecropping system stood out as the most efficient, with production costs 13.5% lower than the rental system and 3.4% lower than those of the ownership system. Sharecroppers have a higher incentive to exert more effort and complete all responsibilities more efficiently, which can cut down on or do away with the costs associated with supervision that are typical in wage labor systems.
{"title":"Land tenure and cost inefficiency: the case of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in Chile","authors":"Ricardo Andrés Troncoso Sepúlveda, Juan Hernán Cabas Monje, B. Guesmi","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.109","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the impact of land tenure arrangements on production costs in a sample of rice farmers in Ñuble Region, Chile. A stochastic frontier model was estimated using the primal approach on a panel of 107 farmers in 2014-2015. Production cost was broken down into frontier costs and inefficiency. According to findings, economic inefficiency raises rice production costs by 82%. Technical inefficiency accounts for a 61% increase, while allocative inefficiency accounts for 21%. Across tenure types, land is the input with the highest misallocation, accounting for 93% of allocative inefficiency costs. Sharecropping is the arrangement allocating inputs most efficiently, producing significant differences in production costs relative to leasing and ownership. This finding suggests that before designing a policy to induce a tenure system, it is necessary to evaluate specific cases as there is no system superior to another, strictly speaking. Highlights: Economic inefficiency raises rice production costs by 82%. Technical inefficiency accounts for a 61% increase, while allocative inefficiency accounts for 21%. The sharecropping system stood out as the most efficient, with production costs 13.5% lower than the rental system and 3.4% lower than those of the ownership system. Sharecroppers have a higher incentive to exert more effort and complete all responsibilities more efficiently, which can cut down on or do away with the costs associated with supervision that are typical in wage labor systems.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term vegetation cover can affect soil organic carbon content and carbon flow within the soil food web. Nematode trophic structure and soil properties were evaluated in pear rows (intra) maintained without weeds applying herbicide and in the inter-rows (between rows) covered with: Medicago+grasses (MG), fescue or spontaneous vegetation. Soil samples were taken at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from 2012 to 2014. Nematode assemblage was different in each inter-row and row, mainly in the topsoil. The inter-rows were reservoirs of omnivores-predators. The MG inter-row promoted the highest accumulation of organic carbon, total N and exchangeable K in the soil. The enrichment index was related to the quantity of dry matter produced by cover crops with the highest index observed in MG. Nematode biomass showed a positive correlation with intra and inter-rows soil organic carbon. Carbon flow through bacterivores prevailed in intra-rows, while bacterivores or herbivores canalized the inter-rows. Highlights: Each cover crop (Medicago+grasses, spontaneous vegetation and fescue) was associated with a different nematode assemblage, mainly in the topsoil. Omnivores-predators were higher in the inter-row than its associated row. Nematode Biomass showed a positive correlation with the content of SOC in the row and in the inter-row. Soil energy channels revealed higher carbon flow within the soil food web under Medicago+grasses and spontaneous vegetation than under fescue.
{"title":"Cover crops in pear (Pyrus communis) orchards: effects on soil nematode assemblage","authors":"C. Azpilicueta, M. C. Aruani, P. Reeb","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.111","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term vegetation cover can affect soil organic carbon content and carbon flow within the soil food web. Nematode trophic structure and soil properties were evaluated in pear rows (intra) maintained without weeds applying herbicide and in the inter-rows (between rows) covered with: Medicago+grasses (MG), fescue or spontaneous vegetation. Soil samples were taken at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from 2012 to 2014. Nematode assemblage was different in each inter-row and row, mainly in the topsoil. The inter-rows were reservoirs of omnivores-predators. The MG inter-row promoted the highest accumulation of organic carbon, total N and exchangeable K in the soil. The enrichment index was related to the quantity of dry matter produced by cover crops with the highest index observed in MG. Nematode biomass showed a positive correlation with intra and inter-rows soil organic carbon. Carbon flow through bacterivores prevailed in intra-rows, while bacterivores or herbivores canalized the inter-rows. Highlights: Each cover crop (Medicago+grasses, spontaneous vegetation and fescue) was associated with a different nematode assemblage, mainly in the topsoil. Omnivores-predators were higher in the inter-row than its associated row. Nematode Biomass showed a positive correlation with the content of SOC in the row and in the inter-row. Soil energy channels revealed higher carbon flow within the soil food web under Medicago+grasses and spontaneous vegetation than under fescue.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139337901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Ramírez Ordóñes, José Angel Rueda, Carlos Iván Medel Contreras, Jorge Hernández Bautista, Agustín Corral Luna, Monserrath Félix Portillo
This study aimed to evaluate cutting height (CH) effects on ensiled corn without additives (C), with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant (L), a fibrolytic enzyme (F), or a mixture of both (FL), considering chemical composition and both in vitro digestibility dry matter (IVDMD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD). Corn was harvested at three different cutting heights (12, 25 or 42 cm above the soil) and ensiled with or without additives (AD). Data was analyzed according to a factorial design, with a 3 x 4 arrangement of treatments and three repeats. Dry matter content was highest in C12 and lowest in F12 (P<0.05) silages. As cutting height was higher, cell wall content was lower (P<0.05). Even considering it increased after the use of additives (P<0.05), the highest values occurred with FL silages. Crude protein was equal (P˃0.05) between CH and increased (P<0.05) with AD. The highest IVDMD was observed for 42 cm CH, while IVDMD and IVNDFD were higher in C and F, but lower with FL. None of the inoculation treatments, alone or combined improved corn silage quality. In fact, FL combination decreased such quality. Highlights: The efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) is a funtion of the amount of cell walls and sugars present in the maize plant at harvest. Adding LAB and EFE to maize forage harvested at different cutting heights did not improve silage quality, in fact, the combination of both additives decreased silage quality. Further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of EFE and its combination with LAB on maize silage quality.
{"title":"Effect of cutting height, a bacterial inoculant and a fibrolytic enzyme on corn (Zea mays L.) silage quality","authors":"Sergio Ramírez Ordóñes, José Angel Rueda, Carlos Iván Medel Contreras, Jorge Hernández Bautista, Agustín Corral Luna, Monserrath Félix Portillo","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.115","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate cutting height (CH) effects on ensiled corn without additives (C), with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant (L), a fibrolytic enzyme (F), or a mixture of both (FL), considering chemical composition and both in vitro digestibility dry matter (IVDMD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD). Corn was harvested at three different cutting heights (12, 25 or 42 cm above the soil) and ensiled with or without additives (AD). Data was analyzed according to a factorial design, with a 3 x 4 arrangement of treatments and three repeats. Dry matter content was highest in C12 and lowest in F12 (P<0.05) silages. As cutting height was higher, cell wall content was lower (P<0.05). Even considering it increased after the use of additives (P<0.05), the highest values occurred with FL silages. Crude protein was equal (P˃0.05) between CH and increased (P<0.05) with AD. The highest IVDMD was observed for 42 cm CH, while IVDMD and IVNDFD were higher in C and F, but lower with FL. None of the inoculation treatments, alone or combined improved corn silage quality. In fact, FL combination decreased such quality. Highlights: The efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) is a funtion of the amount of cell walls and sugars present in the maize plant at harvest. Adding LAB and EFE to maize forage harvested at different cutting heights did not improve silage quality, in fact, the combination of both additives decreased silage quality. Further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of EFE and its combination with LAB on maize silage quality.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anabella Massa, Gaby Quagliariello, Nora Martinengo, Alberto Calderón, Silvina Pérez
Substrate composition and seed origin influence the morphological characteristics of future trees. This study aimed to quantify growth of sweet algarrobo plants, Neltuma flexuosa, obtained from seeds collected from two sites in Argentina and grown on substrates with varying vermicompost percentages. A completely randomized factorial design was used with four levels of vermicompost percentage (0; 20; 30; 70) and two levels of seed origin (Monte Comán, Mendoza and; Bolsón de Fiambalá, Catamarca) (n= 360). Height growth rate (from root neck to apex) (Delta height), root neck diameter growth rate (Delta diameter), and Slenderness index were measured for each plant. Results showed that northern sweet algarrobo specimens growing on vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher Delta height (p<0.05). Additionally, northern specimens growing on 30-70% vermicompost-enriched substrates and southern specimens growing on 30% vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher Delta diameter compared to those growing on vermicompost-free substrates. Moreover, northern specimens growing on vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher slenderness index than southern specimens. Based on these findings, we recommend using seeds from the northern region and substrates with a minimum addition of 20% vermicompost for sweet algarrobo cultivation. Highlights: Twenty percent vermicomposting in Sandy load soil significantly increased height in flexuosa plants. Northen individuals presented a significant increase in height when the vermicomposting percentage in sandy load soil was equal to and higher than 20%. The vermicomposting percentage did not significantly affect flexuosa plants diameter at the root neck.
{"title":"Growth and slenderness index in sweet algarrobo, Neltuma flexuosa, according to the vermicompost percentage in the substrate and seed origin","authors":"Anabella Massa, Gaby Quagliariello, Nora Martinengo, Alberto Calderón, Silvina Pérez","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.105","url":null,"abstract":"Substrate composition and seed origin influence the morphological characteristics of future trees. This study aimed to quantify growth of sweet algarrobo plants, Neltuma flexuosa, obtained from seeds collected from two sites in Argentina and grown on substrates with varying vermicompost percentages. A completely randomized factorial design was used with four levels of vermicompost percentage (0; 20; 30; 70) and two levels of seed origin (Monte Comán, Mendoza and; Bolsón de Fiambalá, Catamarca) (n= 360). Height growth rate (from root neck to apex) (Delta height), root neck diameter growth rate (Delta diameter), and Slenderness index were measured for each plant. Results showed that northern sweet algarrobo specimens growing on vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher Delta height (p<0.05). Additionally, northern specimens growing on 30-70% vermicompost-enriched substrates and southern specimens growing on 30% vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher Delta diameter compared to those growing on vermicompost-free substrates. Moreover, northern specimens growing on vermicompost-enriched substrates had a significantly higher slenderness index than southern specimens. Based on these findings, we recommend using seeds from the northern region and substrates with a minimum addition of 20% vermicompost for sweet algarrobo cultivation. Highlights: Twenty percent vermicomposting in Sandy load soil significantly increased height in flexuosa plants. Northen individuals presented a significant increase in height when the vermicomposting percentage in sandy load soil was equal to and higher than 20%. The vermicomposting percentage did not significantly affect flexuosa plants diameter at the root neck.","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula Maia dos Santos, E. Santos, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Anderson de Moura Zanine, Ricardo Martins Araújo Pinho, Thiago Vinícius Costa do Nascimento, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, D. Ferreira, Alberto J. da Silva Macêdo, F. N. de Sousa Santos
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production.
{"title":"PCR identification of lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage inoculated with lyophilised or activated Lactobacillus buchneri","authors":"Ana Paula Maia dos Santos, E. Santos, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Anderson de Moura Zanine, Ricardo Martins Araújo Pinho, Thiago Vinícius Costa do Nascimento, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, D. Ferreira, Alberto J. da Silva Macêdo, F. N. de Sousa Santos","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation.\u0000Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population.\u0000Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90858725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gomez Talquenca, Melisa Lanza Volpe, N. Setien, O. Gracia, O. Grau
This research studied serological relationships and genetic diversity of Argentinean isolates of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-4 (GLRaV-4). Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein (CP) sequences from 19 local isolates revealed clustering with the previously described GLRaV-4 strain 5, strain 6, and strain 9 groups. Evolutionary sequence analysis of the obtained and database-available sequences showed evidence of recombination events. Additionally, both CP N- and C-terminal regions appeared to be under purifying selection, but the N-terminal region presented seven sites under positive selection, with a dN/dS ratio 5-fold greater than that of the C-terminal region. Serological reactivity against monoclonal antibodies supports a higher occurrence probability for linear epitopes in the N-terminal region, as inferred by the sequence analysis. The obtained results reflect an unusual evolutionary behavior of the CP that, together with protein serological reactivity, suggests biological significance of the observed variability. Highlights: The occurrence of GLRaV-4 strains -5, -6 and -9 was recorded in Argentina. The coat protein sequence showed a highly variable N-terminal region among the strains. An evolutionary analysis inferred the occurrence of sites under positive diversifying selection pressure. The most variable region of the coat protein presented the highest probability of occurrence of linear epitopes.
{"title":"Serological relationships among strains of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 reflect the evolutive behavior of its coat protein gene","authors":"S. Gomez Talquenca, Melisa Lanza Volpe, N. Setien, O. Gracia, O. Grau","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This research studied serological relationships and genetic diversity of Argentinean isolates of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-4 (GLRaV-4). Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein (CP) sequences from 19 local isolates revealed clustering with the previously described GLRaV-4 strain 5, strain 6, and strain 9 groups. Evolutionary sequence analysis of the obtained and database-available sequences showed evidence of recombination events. Additionally, both CP N- and C-terminal regions appeared to be under purifying selection, but the N-terminal region presented seven sites under positive selection, with a dN/dS ratio 5-fold greater than that of the C-terminal region. Serological reactivity against monoclonal antibodies supports a higher occurrence probability for linear epitopes in the N-terminal region, as inferred by the sequence analysis. The obtained results reflect an unusual evolutionary behavior of the CP that, together with protein serological reactivity, suggests biological significance of the observed variability.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The occurrence of GLRaV-4 strains -5, -6 and -9 was recorded in Argentina.\u0000The coat protein sequence showed a highly variable N-terminal region among the strains.\u0000An evolutionary analysis inferred the occurrence of sites under positive diversifying selection pressure.\u0000The most variable region of the coat protein presented the highest probability of occurrence of linear epitopes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pelizza, M. Mancini, Leticia Russo, F. Vianna, A. C. Scorsetti
Grasshoppers affect agriculture worldwide, causing serious economic damage. Currently, the application of chemical insecticides against grasshoppers is the only effective strategy, even considering the significant environmental concern. This study aimed to test the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (LPSc 1067) as biocontrol agent on six harmful grasshopper species in Argentina. Significant differences were observed (DF= 5; F= 9.93; P<0.0001) when considering B. bassiana pathogenicity on third-instar nymphs of the different grasshopper species. The highest mortality (100%) was registered on Trimerotropis pallidipennis and Dichroplus maculipennis nymphs while the lowest mortality (48.6 ±3.5%) was observed on Scotussa lemniscata nymphs. The lowest mean survival time (MST) was recorded for T. pallidipennis (3.5 ±0.15 days) and the highest MST was observed on Dichroplus pratensis nymphs (7.48 ±0.28 days). Results suggest that B. bassiana LPSc 1067 may constitute an excellent candidate to be further studied as biological control agent of T. pallidipennis and D. maculipennis. Highlights: Melanoplinae grasshoppers include several species considered plagues. Entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents are considered excellent alternatives to chemical control. The efficacy of bassiana (LPSc 1067) on six grasshopper species of Argentina. The isolate LPSc 1067 could be considered a biological controller pallidipennis and D. maculipennis.
{"title":"Control capacity of the LPSc 1067 strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on different species of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae), agricultural pests in Argentina","authors":"S. Pelizza, M. Mancini, Leticia Russo, F. Vianna, A. C. Scorsetti","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Grasshoppers affect agriculture worldwide, causing serious economic damage. Currently, the application of chemical insecticides against grasshoppers is the only effective strategy, even considering the significant environmental concern. This study aimed to test the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (LPSc 1067) as biocontrol agent on six harmful grasshopper species in Argentina. Significant differences were observed (DF= 5; F= 9.93; P<0.0001) when considering B. bassiana pathogenicity on third-instar nymphs of the different grasshopper species. The highest mortality (100%) was registered on Trimerotropis pallidipennis and Dichroplus maculipennis nymphs while the lowest mortality (48.6 ±3.5%) was observed on Scotussa lemniscata nymphs. The lowest mean survival time (MST) was recorded for T. pallidipennis (3.5 ±0.15 days) and the highest MST was observed on Dichroplus pratensis nymphs (7.48 ±0.28 days). Results suggest that B. bassiana LPSc 1067 may constitute an excellent candidate to be further studied as biological control agent of T. pallidipennis and D. maculipennis.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Melanoplinae grasshoppers include several species considered plagues.\u0000Entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents are considered excellent alternatives to chemical control.\u0000The efficacy of bassiana (LPSc 1067) on six grasshopper species of Argentina.\u0000The isolate LPSc 1067 could be considered a biological controller pallidipennis and D. maculipennis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76358573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Cássio Gomes Alvino, Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda, Leonardo De Sousa Alves, Lauter Silva Souto, Rômulo Gil de Luna, Marcelo Cleon de Castro Silva, Jussara Silva Dantas, Jabob Silva Souto, D. Neder, João de Andrade Dutra Filho, Anielson dos Santos Souza
Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba. Highlights: Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba.
豇豆产量低(Vigna unguiculata, L.)在Paraíba半干旱地区的Walp)，除其他因素外，是由于质量差的品种。本研究测试了旨在提高优良品种生产力的生物计量模型，其目的如下:1 .估计生产成分的遗传增益;2确定通过同时选择一组变量提供最大收益的选择索引模型;选择生产力较高的品种。实验在坎皮纳格兰德联邦大学农业食品科技中心实验田进行。对8个品种和13个变量进行了评价。数据采用方差分析，均数采用Scott和Knott检验分组。遗传增益通过相关响应、经典选择指数、秩和和期望增益指数来估计。直接选择次生荚果产量组成部分，在主粮产量上提供了显著的遗传增益。在所采用的方法中，经典选择指数对主要粮食产量和主要生产成分的遗传增益分布更大。这些结果表明，在Paraíba的半干旱区，应选择Costela de vaca、BRS Marataoã和Paulistinha品种进行种植和商业开发。重点:直接选择次级荚果产量组成部分可在主要粮食产量中提供显著的遗传增益。经典选择指数对主要粮食产量和主要生产成分的遗传增益分布更大。选择品种在Paraíba半干旱区进行栽培和商业开发。
{"title":"Biometric genetics in Cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) II: estimates of genetic gains through selection indices","authors":"Francisco Cássio Gomes Alvino, Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda, Leonardo De Sousa Alves, Lauter Silva Souto, Rômulo Gil de Luna, Marcelo Cleon de Castro Silva, Jussara Silva Dantas, Jabob Silva Souto, D. Neder, João de Andrade Dutra Filho, Anielson dos Santos Souza","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield.\u0000The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components.\u0000Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Cássio Gomes Alvino, Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda, Leonardo De Sousa Alves, L. S. Souto, Rômulo Gil de Luna, Marcelo Cleon de Castro Silva, Jussara Silva Dantas, Jabob Silva Souto, D. Neder, J. A. D. Dutra Filho, A. C. S. Souza
In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains. Highlights Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY).
{"title":"Biometric genetics in cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) I: phenotypic and genotypic relations among production components","authors":"Francisco Cássio Gomes Alvino, Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda, Leonardo De Sousa Alves, L. S. Souto, Rômulo Gil de Luna, Marcelo Cleon de Castro Silva, Jussara Silva Dantas, Jabob Silva Souto, D. Neder, J. A. D. Dutra Filho, A. C. S. Souza","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.102","url":null,"abstract":"In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains.\u0000Highlights\u0000\u0000Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba.\u0000The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY).\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81808894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Griselda R. R. Bóbeda, S. Mazza, Noelia Rico, Cristian F. Brenes Pérez, J. E. Gaiad, Susana Irene Díaz Rodríguez
Accurate models for early harvest estimation in citrus production generally involve expensive variables. The goal of this research work was to develop a model to provide early and accurate estimations of harvest using low-cost features. Given the original data may derive from tree measurements, meteorological stations, or satellites, they have varied costs. The studied orchards included tangerines (Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis) and sweet oranges (C. sinensis) located in northeastern Argentina. Machine learning methods combined with different datasets were tested to obtain the most accurate harvest estimation. The final model is based on support vector machines with low-cost variables like species, age, irrigation, red and near-infrared reflectance in February and December, NDVI in December, rain during ripening, and humidity during fruit growth. Highlights: Red and near-infrared reflectance in February and December are helpful values to predict orange harvest. SVM is an efficient method to predict harvest. A ranking method to A ranking-based method has been developed to identify the variables that best predict orange production.
柑橘生产早期收获的准确估计模型通常涉及昂贵的变量。这项研究工作的目标是开发一个模型，使用低成本特征提供早期和准确的收获估计。由于原始数据可能来自树木测量、气象站或卫星，它们的成本各不相同。研究的果园包括位于阿根廷东北部的柑橘(Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis)和甜橙(C. sinensis)。机器学习方法结合不同的数据集进行了测试，以获得最准确的收获估计。最后的模型是基于支持向量机的低成本变量，如物种、年龄、灌溉、2月和12月的红色和近红外反射率、12月的NDVI、成熟期间的降雨和果实生长期间的湿度。亮点:2月和12月的红色和近红外反射率是预测橙子收获的有用值。支持向量机是一种有效的收成预测方法。本文提出了一种基于排序的方法来确定最能预测橙子产量的变量。
{"title":"About identification of features that affect the estimation of citrus harvest","authors":"Griselda R. R. Bóbeda, S. Mazza, Noelia Rico, Cristian F. Brenes Pérez, J. E. Gaiad, Susana Irene Díaz Rodríguez","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Accurate models for early harvest estimation in citrus production generally involve expensive variables. The goal of this research work was to develop a model to provide early and accurate estimations of harvest using low-cost features. Given the original data may derive from tree measurements, meteorological stations, or satellites, they have varied costs. The studied orchards included tangerines (Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis) and sweet oranges (C. sinensis) located in northeastern Argentina. Machine learning methods combined with different datasets were tested to obtain the most accurate harvest estimation. The final model is based on support vector machines with low-cost variables like species, age, irrigation, red and near-infrared reflectance in February and December, NDVI in December, rain during ripening, and humidity during fruit growth.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Red and near-infrared reflectance in February and December are helpful values to predict orange harvest.\u0000SVM is an efficient method to predict harvest.\u0000A ranking method to A ranking-based method has been developed to identify the variables that best predict orange production.\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81022159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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