The increasing livestock farming in the province of Mendoza requests the acquisition of further knowledge on winter forage crops, annual grasses that produce a large volume of good quality biomass in a short time. The most widely used winter forage crops in Argentina are oats, rye and barley. To assess forage productivity in the northern oasis of Mendoza, an experimental factorial design combined 2 sowing dates (March 21, 2019, and April 29, 2019) and three winter forage crops: oats (Blanca Cristal INTA), rye (Lisandro INTA) and barley (Alicia INTA). Results showed no interaction between sowing dates and forage species. March sowing date was 27% more productive and offered a longer grazing period than April sowing (more than five months in March sowing and more than one month in April sowing). Oat showed the highest yield, differing significantly from rye and barley. Highlights March sowings produced more forage than April sowings. Days from sowing to first grazzing are less in March sowings.
{"title":"Sowing date effects on yield of three winter forage crops in the northern oasis of Mendoza","authors":"Alejandra Bertona, Cecilia Rebora, Leandra Ibarguren","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The increasing livestock farming in the province of Mendoza requests the acquisition of further knowledge on winter forage crops, annual grasses that produce a large volume of good quality biomass in a short time. The most widely used winter forage crops in Argentina are oats, rye and barley. To assess forage productivity in the northern oasis of Mendoza, an experimental factorial design combined 2 sowing dates (March 21, 2019, and April 29, 2019) and three winter forage crops: oats (Blanca Cristal INTA), rye (Lisandro INTA) and barley (Alicia INTA). Results showed no interaction between sowing dates and forage species. March sowing date was 27% more productive and offered a longer grazing period than April sowing (more than five months in March sowing and more than one month in April sowing). Oat showed the highest yield, differing significantly from rye and barley.\u0000Highlights \u0000\u0000March sowings produced more forage than April sowings. \u0000Days from sowing to first grazzing are less in March sowings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83045253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Vargas-López, Á. Bustamante-González, J. E. Ramírez-Bribiesca, G. Torres-Hernández, A. Larbi, J. Maldonado-Jáquez, Zenón Gerardo López-Tecpoyotl
The objective was to implement a participatory process involving rescue and conservation of Creole goats in agro-silvopastoral systems, as a development strategy for the indigenous and marginalized region of the Mountains of Guerrero (MG), Mexico. The study focused on the caprine agroecosystem, documenting aspects of goat development and identifying caprine areas in 13 municipalities, zoometrically characterizing 680 goats. One hundred and ten goat producers were interviewed for evaluating farmer perception of goat production. Fifty-seven producers were trained in holistic management, and four producers raised 300 goats in outstanding herds. Data were analyzed using social networks, principal component analysis and correspondence analysis. Two goat agroecosystems were identified: 1) agro-silvopastoralism, with crossbreeding of goat populations and, 2) traditional systems, involving grazing of Creole goats on native vegetation. We identified three types of goats: 1) Mixteco mosaic (61%), 2), Pastoreña (31.8%), and 3) Crossbreeds (7.2%), based on bicoastal diameter, chest depth, body length, thoracic perimeter, height at withers, shoulder point width and liveweight. Smallholder goat farmers in the MG preferred Creole goats for their greater productivity and better environmental adaptation. Highlights: Farmer-participatory programs to rescue and conserve the Creole goat breed. Goats agro-silvopastoral systems with low resource smallholders. Sustainable utilization of Creole goats. Goat production systems in the Mexican Mountains.
{"title":"Rescue and participatory conservation of Creole goats in the agro-silvopastoral systems of the Mountains of Guerrero, Mexico","authors":"S. Vargas-López, Á. Bustamante-González, J. E. Ramírez-Bribiesca, G. Torres-Hernández, A. Larbi, J. Maldonado-Jáquez, Zenón Gerardo López-Tecpoyotl","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The objective was to implement a participatory process involving rescue and conservation of Creole goats in agro-silvopastoral systems, as a development strategy for the indigenous and marginalized region of the Mountains of Guerrero (MG), Mexico. The study focused on the caprine agroecosystem, documenting aspects of goat development and identifying caprine areas in 13 municipalities, zoometrically characterizing 680 goats. One hundred and ten goat producers were interviewed for evaluating farmer perception of goat production. Fifty-seven producers were trained in holistic management, and four producers raised 300 goats in outstanding herds. Data were analyzed using social networks, principal component analysis and correspondence analysis. Two goat agroecosystems were identified: 1) agro-silvopastoralism, with crossbreeding of goat populations and, 2) traditional systems, involving grazing of Creole goats on native vegetation. We identified three types of goats: 1) Mixteco mosaic (61%), 2), Pastoreña (31.8%), and 3) Crossbreeds (7.2%), based on bicoastal diameter, chest depth, body length, thoracic perimeter, height at withers, shoulder point width and liveweight. Smallholder goat farmers in the MG preferred Creole goats for their greater productivity and better environmental adaptation.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Farmer-participatory programs to rescue and conserve the Creole goat breed.\u0000Goats agro-silvopastoral systems with low resource smallholders.\u0000Sustainable utilization of Creole goats.\u0000Goat production systems in the Mexican Mountains.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Da Costa Zonetti, Gabriela Dotto, Terciliana Francielle França De Carvalho, Graciene de Souza Bido, Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of isolated or intercropped aqueous forage extracts on the physiological performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seeds, as well as their phytotoxicity to the weed species Bidens pilosa L. Aqueous extracts were prepared at a concentration of 5%, and the tests with soy and corn were conducted by wetting the germination papers with different treatments and performing procedures within the standards of the Brazilian Rules of Seed Analysis. Tests with the cover plant extracts on the seeds of B. pilosa used BOD-type repetitions. Fifty weed seeds were placed in a gerbox with filter paper moistened with the different treatments with five repetitions. Distilled water was used as the control in all tests. Extracts of Avena strigosa Schreb and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), cultivated individually and in combination, increased the seed germination percentage (%G) and the length of soybean seedlings. Similarly, extracts of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br and Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, in individual and combined cultivation, provided gains in corn %G. Furthermore, all tested extracts suppressed germination and decreased the speed of the germination index of the hairy beggarticks when compared to the control, with the radish extract showing the greater reduction effect on the %G of the weed plant B. pilosa. Highlights: The use of Crotalaria as a cover crop has a positive effect on the initial growth of corn. The use of black oat and forage radish intercropped had the potential to increase soybean yield. The use of cover crops contributes to the integrated management of weeds. The choice of cover plant is important for the success of crop rotation.
{"title":"Effect of forage aqueous extracts on Glycine max L. Merr., Zea mays L. and Bidens pilosa L.","authors":"Patricia Da Costa Zonetti, Gabriela Dotto, Terciliana Francielle França De Carvalho, Graciene de Souza Bido, Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of isolated or intercropped aqueous forage extracts on the physiological performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seeds, as well as their phytotoxicity to the weed species Bidens pilosa L. Aqueous extracts were prepared at a concentration of 5%, and the tests with soy and corn were conducted by wetting the germination papers with different treatments and performing procedures within the standards of the Brazilian Rules of Seed Analysis. Tests with the cover plant extracts on the seeds of B. pilosa used BOD-type repetitions. Fifty weed seeds were placed in a gerbox with filter paper moistened with the different treatments with five repetitions. Distilled water was used as the control in all tests. Extracts of Avena strigosa Schreb and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), cultivated individually and in combination, increased the seed germination percentage (%G) and the length of soybean seedlings. Similarly, extracts of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br and Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, in individual and combined cultivation, provided gains in corn %G. Furthermore, all tested extracts suppressed germination and decreased the speed of the germination index of the hairy beggarticks when compared to the control, with the radish extract showing the greater reduction effect on the %G of the weed plant B. pilosa.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The use of Crotalaria as a cover crop has a positive effect on the initial growth of corn.\u0000The use of black oat and forage radish intercropped had the potential to increase soybean yield.\u0000The use of cover crops contributes to the integrated management of weeds.\u0000The choice of cover plant is important for the success of crop rotation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91056082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Débora Macêdo Araújo da Silva, Natanael Pereira da Silva Santos, Ennus Emanoel De Sousa Araújo Santos, Gustavo Alves Pereira, Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior, Jenilton Gomes da Cunha
Tree pruning influences the phenology of fruit species. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and phenology of the fig cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ subjected to formative and production pruning in the semi-arid region of Piauí. A phenological analysis was performed after formative pruning in 27 fig plants based on the following periods: from formative pruning to the beginning of sprouting, at the beginning of harvest and at its end, and during harvest. Additionally, the variables of branch length, branch diameter, number of leaves, nodes, shoots, inflorescences, and secondary branches were also evaluated. The production pruning treatments (10, 20, and 30 cm) had nine replications each. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model used assumed as fixed factors the branch sizes at pruning (10, 20, and 30 cm), time after pruning (30, 60, 90, and 120 days), and the interaction between factors. The results revealed that figs were well adapted to the semi-arid region of Piauí and showed precocity at all phenological stages compared to those grown in temperate regions. With regard to production pruning, branch size as a function of time did not influence fig development. Highlights: There was a reduction in the productive cycle of fig trees cultivated in semiarid regions. The pruning intensity did not influence the phenology of the plants. Pruning management should always be considered for a better adaptation of the fig tree in the semiarid region of Piauí.
树木修剪影响果实物候。本研究旨在评价在Piauí半干旱区无花果品种‘Roxo de Valinhos’经过形成和生产修剪后的生长和物候特征。对27株无花果植株进行了形成期修剪后的物候分析，分析的依据是以下时期:从形成期修剪到发芽开始、收获开始和结束以及收获期间。此外，还对枝长、枝径、叶数、节数、枝数、花序数、次枝数等变量进行了评价。生产剪枝处理(10、20和30 cm)各9个重复。广义线性混合模型将修剪时的树枝大小(10、20和30 cm)、修剪后的时间(30、60、90和120天)以及各因素之间的相互作用作为固定因素。结果表明，与生长在温带地区的无花果相比，无花果在Piauí半干旱区适应良好，各物候阶段均表现出早熟性。在生产修剪方面，枝条大小作为时间的函数不影响无花果的发育。亮点:在半干旱地区种植的无花果树的生产周期缩短。修剪强度对植株物候无明显影响。为了更好地适应Piauí半干旱区的无花果树，应该始终考虑修剪管理。
{"title":"Effects of formative and production pruning on fig growth, phenology, and production","authors":"Débora Macêdo Araújo da Silva, Natanael Pereira da Silva Santos, Ennus Emanoel De Sousa Araújo Santos, Gustavo Alves Pereira, Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior, Jenilton Gomes da Cunha","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Tree pruning influences the phenology of fruit species. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and phenology of the fig cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ subjected to formative and production pruning in the semi-arid region of Piauí. A phenological analysis was performed after formative pruning in 27 fig plants based on the following periods: from formative pruning to the beginning of sprouting, at the beginning of harvest and at its end, and during harvest. Additionally, the variables of branch length, branch diameter, number of leaves, nodes, shoots, inflorescences, and secondary branches were also evaluated. The production pruning treatments (10, 20, and 30 cm) had nine replications each. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model used assumed as fixed factors the branch sizes at pruning (10, 20, and 30 cm), time after pruning (30, 60, 90, and 120 days), and the interaction between factors. The results revealed that figs were well adapted to the semi-arid region of Piauí and showed precocity at all phenological stages compared to those grown in temperate regions. With regard to production pruning, branch size as a function of time did not influence fig development.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000There was a reduction in the productive cycle of fig trees cultivated in semiarid regions.\u0000The pruning intensity did not influence the phenology of the plants.\u0000Pruning management should always be considered for a better adaptation of the fig tree in the semiarid region of Piauí.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candido Mendoza Pérez, Carlos Ramírez Ayala, Antonio Martínez Ruiz, Waldo Ojeda Bustamante, Jesús del Rosario Ruelas Islas, Roberto Ascencio Hernández, Anselmo López Ordaz, Fidel Núñez Ramírez
This study aimed to estimate the tomato leaf area index (LAI) by comparing two methods (destructive and interception of photosynthetically active radiation) and the consequent relationship to fruit yield and quality. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with tezontle (red volcanic scoria) as the substrate and a drip irrigation system. The experiment consisted of three treatments: T1, T2 and T3, with one, two and three stems per plant, respectively. The LAI was measured with a ceptometer that estimates the intercepted radiation above and below the canopy. Maximum LAI was found at 1413 cumulative growing degree days (CGDD). Those indexes were 3.69, 5.27 and 6.16 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Individual correlation models were fitted linearly between the two methods. The R2 values were 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99 with yields of 20, 18 and 17 kg m-2 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In addition, T1 produced better fruit size quality with approximately 69, 23 and 8% classified as first, second and third class, respectively. Only 1% was classified as a small fruit. Increasing the number of stems per plant increased the LAI and fruit number but decreased fruit size. Highlights: The leaf area index (LAI) is a very important variable for growth and development of crops. The ceptometer proved to be a fast, useful and statistically reliable method to estimate LAI. The increase of photosynthetically active radiation favors the photosynthetic efficiency per unit area. The number of stems per plant increase the LAI, dry matter accumulation, plant height and the number of fruits. However, the size of fruit decreases.
本研究旨在通过比较两种方法(光合有效辐射破坏和光合有效辐射拦截)估算番茄叶面积指数(LAI)及其与果实产量和品质的关系。试验在一个温室中进行，以tezontle(红色火山渣)为基质，采用滴灌系统。试验分为T1、T2和T3三个处理，每株分别设1根、2根和3根茎。LAI是用一个测辐射量计测量的，这个测辐射量计估计树冠上和树冠下截获的辐射。LAI最大值出现在1413累积生长期(CGDD)。T1、T2和T3的指标分别为3.69、5.27和6.16。个体相关模型在两种方法之间线性拟合。T1、T2和T3产量分别为20、18和17 kg m-2时，R2值分别为0.98、0.99和0.99。此外，T1的果实大小品质较好，一级、二级和三级的果实大小品质分别约为69%、23%和8%。只有1%被归类为小水果。单株茎数的增加增加了叶面积指数和果实数，但减小了果实大小。叶面积指数(LAI)是作物生长发育的重要变量。结果表明，该方法是一种快速、实用、统计可靠的LAI估算方法。光合有效辐射的增加有利于单位面积光合效率的提高。单株茎数增加了叶面积指数、干物质积累量、株高和果实数。然而，水果的大小变小了。
{"title":"Leaf area and its impact in yield and quality of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Candido Mendoza Pérez, Carlos Ramírez Ayala, Antonio Martínez Ruiz, Waldo Ojeda Bustamante, Jesús del Rosario Ruelas Islas, Roberto Ascencio Hernández, Anselmo López Ordaz, Fidel Núñez Ramírez","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aimed to estimate the tomato leaf area index (LAI) by comparing two methods (destructive and interception of photosynthetically active radiation) and the consequent relationship to fruit yield and quality. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with tezontle (red volcanic scoria) as the substrate and a drip irrigation system. The experiment consisted of three treatments: T1, T2 and T3, with one, two and three stems per plant, respectively. The LAI was measured with a ceptometer that estimates the intercepted radiation above and below the canopy. Maximum LAI was found at 1413 cumulative growing degree days (CGDD). Those indexes were 3.69, 5.27 and 6.16 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Individual correlation models were fitted linearly between the two methods. The R2 values were 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99 with yields of 20, 18 and 17 kg m-2 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In addition, T1 produced better fruit size quality with approximately 69, 23 and 8% classified as first, second and third class, respectively. Only 1% was classified as a small fruit. Increasing the number of stems per plant increased the LAI and fruit number but decreased fruit size.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The leaf area index (LAI) is a very important variable for growth and development of crops.\u0000The ceptometer proved to be a fast, useful and statistically reliable method to estimate LAI.\u0000The increase of photosynthetically active radiation favors the photosynthetic efficiency per unit area.\u0000The number of stems per plant increase the LAI, dry matter accumulation, plant height and the number of fruits. However, the size of fruit decreases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73518071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Lara Maria Dos Santos Brant, Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima, Daniela Costa Cotrim, T. Nascimento, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal performance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality. Highlights Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms. Exogenous enzymes favoring the microbial adhesion and colonization of the particles, aid in the degradation of the feed. Tannins can altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population. Essential oils and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria and consequently modulate the ruminal fermentation.
{"title":"How can nutritional additives modify ruminant nutrition?","authors":"Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Lara Maria Dos Santos Brant, Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima, Daniela Costa Cotrim, T. Nascimento, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal performance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality.\u0000Highlights\u0000\u0000Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms.\u0000Exogenous enzymes favoring the microbial adhesion and colonization of the particles, aid in the degradation of the feed.\u0000Tannins can altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population.\u0000Essential oils and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria and consequently modulate the ruminal fermentation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"74 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85944916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phoenix roebelenii is a palm species widely used in Brazil due to its exuberant leaves and adaptability to different climatic variations. For proper propagation, detailed information about seed viability, vigor and longevity subjected to dehydration and storage is yet to be obtained. For this purpose, the present research comprised two stages. The first one aimed at evaluating the response of seeds to desiccation and storage based on formal protocols. In the second stage, seeds were desiccated to 33, 30, 25, 23, 20, 18, 16, 12, 10 and 7% of water content by monitoring water loss in a convection oven at 35±2°C. After reaching each established water content, the seeds were subjected to germination tests. At 65 days after sowing, root length, root area, volume and diameter, shoot and eophyll length, and total seedling fresh and dry weights, were measured. Significant increases in germination and eophyll length were observed for lower seed water contents. Aversely, collar diameter decreased with seed desiccation. Highlights: Phoenix roebelenii seeds are orthodox. Reduced seed water content increased the percentage of germination, the germination speed index, and eophyll length of Phoenix roebelenii seedlings. Significant increases in germination and eophyll length were observed for lower seed water contents. Aversely, collar diameter decreased with seed desiccation.
{"title":"Desiccation, storage and physiological quality of Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien (Arecaceae) seeds","authors":"Rômulo André Beltrame, Janie Mendes Jasmim, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Amanda Justino Acha","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Phoenix roebelenii is a palm species widely used in Brazil due to its exuberant leaves and adaptability to different climatic variations. For proper propagation, detailed information about seed viability, vigor and longevity subjected to dehydration and storage is yet to be obtained. For this purpose, the present research comprised two stages. The first one aimed at evaluating the response of seeds to desiccation and storage based on formal protocols. In the second stage, seeds were desiccated to 33, 30, 25, 23, 20, 18, 16, 12, 10 and 7% of water content by monitoring water loss in a convection oven at 35±2°C. After reaching each established water content, the seeds were subjected to germination tests. At 65 days after sowing, root length, root area, volume and diameter, shoot and eophyll length, and total seedling fresh and dry weights, were measured. Significant increases in germination and eophyll length were observed for lower seed water contents. Aversely, collar diameter decreased with seed desiccation.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Phoenix roebelenii seeds are orthodox.\u0000Reduced seed water content increased the percentage of germination, the germination speed index, and eophyll length of Phoenix roebelenii seedlings.\u0000Significant increases in germination and eophyll length were observed for lower seed water contents.\u0000Aversely, collar diameter decreased with seed desiccation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81468188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sousa, P. Lopes, Í. Cavalcante, J. Cunha, L. Silva, Emmanuella Pereira, Jackson Lobo da Silva
Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones. Highlights: Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol. Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates. There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties. The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction.
鉴于巴西梨的产量无法满足每年的需求，考虑向非传统种植区扩张的可能性，就变得有趣了。尽管热带半干旱条件下的梨树营养生长旺盛，但对花芽分化和形成的不利影响影响了果实产量。本研究旨在评价多效唑(PBZ)在半干旱条件下对两个梨树品种(“圣玛利亚”和“虎穗”)赤霉素生物合成、营养生长和碳水化合物生产的抑制效果。为此，进行了两个试验，每个梨树品种一个试验。实验设计由随机分组组成，采用因子排列(5x2x4)，对应于PBZ剂量(0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g /冠层)、PBZ施用形式(土壤和叶面)和评估日期(施用后30、60、90和120天)。土壤和叶面施用均抑制了两个品种赤霉素的生物合成，特别是施用120天后。PBZ影响了两个品种叶片的总可溶性碳水化合物，并降低了芽的生长。虽然PBZ有可能用于梨管理，但仍需要进一步研究以确定热带半干旱区的具体管理措施。重点:多效唑对赤霉素生物合成的抑制效果较好。土壤施用多效唑可产生更多的碳水化合物。不同梨品种对多效唑的敏感性存在差异。不施用多效唑导致分枝成熟晚，影响花的诱导。
{"title":"Impact of paclobutrazol on gibberellin-like substances and soluble carbohydrates in pear trees grown in tropical semiarid","authors":"K. Sousa, P. Lopes, Í. Cavalcante, J. Cunha, L. Silva, Emmanuella Pereira, Jackson Lobo da Silva","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol.\u0000Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates.\u0000There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties.\u0000The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82739410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Beatriz Pugliese, Yanina Guzmán, Daniela Pacheco, R. Bottini, C. Travaglia, J. Avenant, E. Avenant, F. Berli
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is the most widely used plant growth regulator to thin out bunches and increase berry size in seedless table grapes, but there is evidence of its negative effects, including loss of fertility and malformations of the rachis. This study analyses the effects of applying the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), as a novel alternative, on fruit yield, bunch structure, anatomy and postharvest quality of cv. Superior Seedless. The application of IBA and GA3 at different phenological stages (15 cm shoot length, full bloom, fruit set and pea-size berry) and doses (2, 20 and 50 ppm) were compared in a two-growing season experiment. Spraying IBA at full bloom or fruit set, improved bunch weight by increasing the size and weight of the berries, correlating with the promotion of rachis vascular tissues. Bunches treated with IBA retained a greater number of berries at harvest without generating compactness, since the elongation of the rachis internodes and lateral shoulders were also promoted. In addition, IBA augmented postharvest quality of bunches by reducing rachis browning and increasing berry firmness. These results suggest that the use of IBA is a beneficial technology to improve bunch structure and quality in seedless grapes. Highlights IBA effects applied at different dosages and phenological stages was evaluated. IBA at full bloom and fruit set improved bunch and berry weight and berry size. The number of berries per bunch increased with IBA at full bloom and fruit set. IBA increased lateral rachis internode and lateral rachis length via promotion of vascular tissues. IBA increased postharvest quality, reduced rachis browning and increased of berry firmness.
{"title":"Indole-3-butyric acid, an alternative to GA3 for bunch quality enhancing of table grape Vitis vinifera L. cv. Superior Seedless","authors":"Maria Beatriz Pugliese, Yanina Guzmán, Daniela Pacheco, R. Bottini, C. Travaglia, J. Avenant, E. Avenant, F. Berli","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.075","url":null,"abstract":"Gibberellic acid (GA3) is the most widely used plant growth regulator to thin out bunches and increase berry size in seedless table grapes, but there is evidence of its negative effects, including loss of fertility and malformations of the rachis. This study analyses the effects of applying the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), as a novel alternative, on fruit yield, bunch structure, anatomy and postharvest quality of cv. Superior Seedless. The application of IBA and GA3 at different phenological stages (15 cm shoot length, full bloom, fruit set and pea-size berry) and doses (2, 20 and 50 ppm) were compared in a two-growing season experiment. Spraying IBA at full bloom or fruit set, improved bunch weight by increasing the size and weight of the berries, correlating with the promotion of rachis vascular tissues. Bunches treated with IBA retained a greater number of berries at harvest without generating compactness, since the elongation of the rachis internodes and lateral shoulders were also promoted. In addition, IBA augmented postharvest quality of bunches by reducing rachis browning and increasing berry firmness. These results suggest that the use of IBA is a beneficial technology to improve bunch structure and quality in seedless grapes.\u0000Highlights\u0000\u0000IBA effects applied at different dosages and phenological stages was evaluated.\u0000IBA at full bloom and fruit set improved bunch and berry weight and berry size.\u0000The number of berries per bunch increased with IBA at full bloom and fruit set.\u0000IBA increased lateral rachis internode and lateral rachis length via promotion of vascular tissues.\u0000IBA increased postharvest quality, reduced rachis browning and increased of berry firmness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91264382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Burin, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, I. Ramires, P. V. da Silva
This work evaluated physical-chemical properties of spraying syrup formulated with different water types and using or not tank-mixing pesticides. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (4 water types and 4 pesticide syrups + control, non-sprayed plant) in three sampling times (off-season corn, pre-planting soybean weed control, and soybean season) within one year. Water treatments consisted of deionized, well, river and weir water. Product mixing consisted of herbicide (Glyphosate 925 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + insecticide (Imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin 100+12.5 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + fungicide (Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole 70+60 g a.i. ha-1) and herbicide + insecticide + fungicide. Weir water presented the worst physical quality. Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide in various combinations decreased the effectiveness of the pesticide. When associating the three pesticides, less dissolution of the spray syrup and greater risk of syrup incompatibility leads to pesticide ineffectiveness. Highlights: The water type used in tank-mixing multiple pesticides affects spraying syrup quality. Water with the worst physical quality decreases pesticide performance. Less dissolution and greater risk of fungicide ineffectiveness take place when three pesticides are associated. Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing pesticides increased in the successive cultivation of soybean/corn.
评价了不同水型配制的喷雾糖浆的理化性质，以及是否使用罐式混合农药。试验设计采用4 × 5因子随机方案(4种水型和4种农药糖浆+对照、未喷施植株)，在1年内3次取样(玉米淡季、大豆播种前杂草防治和大豆季节)。水处理包括去离子水、井水、河水和堰水。产品由除草剂(草甘膦925 g a.i. ha-1)、除草剂+杀虫剂(吡虫啉+高效氟氰菊酯100+12.5 g a.i. ha-1)、除草剂+杀菌剂(氟虫酯+原硫康唑70+60 g a.i. ha-1)和除草剂+杀虫剂+杀菌剂组成。堰水的物理质量最差。喷洒不同组合除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂制成的糖浆降低了农药的有效性。当三种农药相关联时，喷雾糖浆的溶出度越低，糖浆不相容的风险越大，导致农药无效。亮点:罐内混合多种农药使用的水类型影响喷洒糖浆的质量。物理质量最差的水会降低农药性能。当三种农药同时使用时，溶出度更低，杀菌剂失效的风险更大。在大豆/玉米连作中，罐式混合农药制备的喷雾糖浆用量增加。
{"title":"Physical-chemical properties of spray syrup in tank-mixing multiple pesticides and water sources used in grain farming","authors":"Fernando Burin, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, I. Ramires, P. V. da Silva","doi":"10.48162/rev.39.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This work evaluated physical-chemical properties of spraying syrup formulated with different water types and using or not tank-mixing pesticides. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (4 water types and 4 pesticide syrups + control, non-sprayed plant) in three sampling times (off-season corn, pre-planting soybean weed control, and soybean season) within one year. Water treatments consisted of deionized, well, river and weir water. Product mixing consisted of herbicide (Glyphosate 925 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + insecticide (Imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin 100+12.5 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + fungicide (Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole 70+60 g a.i. ha-1) and herbicide + insecticide + fungicide. Weir water presented the worst physical quality. Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide in various combinations decreased the effectiveness of the pesticide. When associating the three pesticides, less dissolution of the spray syrup and greater risk of syrup incompatibility leads to pesticide ineffectiveness.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000The water type used in tank-mixing multiple pesticides affects spraying syrup quality.\u0000Water with the worst physical quality decreases pesticide performance.\u0000Less dissolution and greater risk of fungicide ineffectiveness take place when three pesticides are associated.\u0000Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing pesticides increased in the successive cultivation of soybean/corn.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21210,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85102392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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