Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100011
A. Freitas, A. Barth
O sistema de lise-centrifugacao (Isolator TM) tem sido considerado como metodo padrao para aumentar as taxas de diagnostico de candidemia atraves de hemocultura. Neste estudo, o processo de concentracao, segundo este sistema, foi comparado com metodos convencionais de cultivo em meio liquido e bifasico. Foram realizados testes "in vitro" utilizando Candida albicans em contagens de 100, 10, 1 e 0,5 celulas/ml de sangue. Culturas em agar-chocolate foram realizadas a partir do sedimento obtido pela centrifugacao do tubo de Isolator TM e do caldo das culturas convencionais apos sua incubacao por 24 horas a 35oC. Esfregacos corados pelo Gram, preparados a partir dos metodos convencionais, tambem foram observados em 24 horas. Foi possivel detectar Candida albicans independentemente do numero de celulas ou da metodologia utilizada. O tempo para diagnostico tambem nao foi diferente para os metodos comparados, ja que blastoconidios e crescimento foram observados no mesmo prazo de tempo. Assim, sugerimos que o processo de concentracao nao e o maior fator responsavel pelas taxas de recuperacao de Candida albicans a partir do sangue obtidas pelo sistema IsolatorTM.
{"title":"Role of the concentration process in the recovery of Candida albicans from blood","authors":"A. Freitas, A. Barth","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100011","url":null,"abstract":"O sistema de lise-centrifugacao (Isolator TM) tem sido considerado como metodo padrao para aumentar as taxas de diagnostico de candidemia atraves de hemocultura. Neste estudo, o processo de concentracao, segundo este sistema, foi comparado com metodos convencionais de cultivo em meio liquido e bifasico. Foram realizados testes \"in vitro\" utilizando Candida albicans em contagens de 100, 10, 1 e 0,5 celulas/ml de sangue. Culturas em agar-chocolate foram realizadas a partir do sedimento obtido pela centrifugacao do tubo de Isolator TM e do caldo das culturas convencionais apos sua incubacao por 24 horas a 35oC. Esfregacos corados pelo Gram, preparados a partir dos metodos convencionais, tambem foram observados em 24 horas. Foi possivel detectar Candida albicans independentemente do numero de celulas ou da metodologia utilizada. O tempo para diagnostico tambem nao foi diferente para os metodos comparados, ja que blastoconidios e crescimento foram observados no mesmo prazo de tempo. Assim, sugerimos que o processo de concentracao nao e o maior fator responsavel pelas taxas de recuperacao de Candida albicans a partir do sangue obtidas pelo sistema IsolatorTM.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"4 1","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000200013
M. B. Rodriguez, S. Costa
Um mutante espontâneo de Escherichia coli foi selecionado com canamicina e mostrou resistencia cruzada a cinco outros aminoglicosideos e ausencia da proteina OppA. A incorporacao de diidroestreptomicina tritiada mostrou-se reduzida nesse mutante, implicando que o sistema de transporte de oligopeptideos esta envolvido na acumulacao de aminoglicosideos, embora aparentemente nao esteja relacionado com a alteracao de permeabilidade aos aminoglicosideos decorrente da adaptacao bacteriana a mudancas osmoticas.
{"title":"Spontaneous kanamycin-resistant Escherichia coli mutant with altered periplasmic oligopeptide permease protein (OppA) and impermeability to aminoglycosides","authors":"M. B. Rodriguez, S. Costa","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000200013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000200013","url":null,"abstract":"Um mutante espontâneo de Escherichia coli foi selecionado com canamicina e mostrou resistencia cruzada a cinco outros aminoglicosideos e ausencia da proteina OppA. A incorporacao de diidroestreptomicina tritiada mostrou-se reduzida nesse mutante, implicando que o sistema de transporte de oligopeptideos esta envolvido na acumulacao de aminoglicosideos, embora aparentemente nao esteja relacionado com a alteracao de permeabilidade aos aminoglicosideos decorrente da adaptacao bacteriana a mudancas osmoticas.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"97 1","pages":"153-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85749973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100013
Dirce Mithico Yamaoka-Yano, P. Mazzafera
ABSTRACTCaffeine catabolism and a xanthine oxidase involved in the alkaloid breakdown werestudied in Pseudomonas putida L, a strain displaying high ability to grow on this substrate.Cells cultured with unlabelled caffeine and 14 C labeled caffeine and xanthine showed thatthis alkaloid was broken-down via theobromine/paraxanthine -> 7-methylxanthine ->xanthine -> uric acid -> allantoin -> allantoic acid. Methyluric acids were formed fromthe oxidation of theobromine, paraxanthine and 7-methylxanthine, although no bacterialgrowth was observed on these compounds, indicating that this might be due to a widesubstrate specificity of xanthine oxidase. This was confirmed by activity staining in PAGEwhere activity was observed with theophylline and 3-methylxanthine, which are notinvolved in the alkaloid breakdown. A single band of activity was detected without additionof NAD + , showing an oxidase form of the enzyme. The enzyme optimum temperatureand pH were 30 o C and 7.0, respectively. The determined K
{"title":"CATABOLISM OF CAFFEINE AND PURIFICATION OF A XANTHINE OXIDASE RESPONSIBLE FOR METHYLURIC ACIDS PRODUCTION IN PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA L","authors":"Dirce Mithico Yamaoka-Yano, P. Mazzafera","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCaffeine catabolism and a xanthine oxidase involved in the alkaloid breakdown werestudied in Pseudomonas putida L, a strain displaying high ability to grow on this substrate.Cells cultured with unlabelled caffeine and 14 C labeled caffeine and xanthine showed thatthis alkaloid was broken-down via theobromine/paraxanthine -> 7-methylxanthine ->xanthine -> uric acid -> allantoin -> allantoic acid. Methyluric acids were formed fromthe oxidation of theobromine, paraxanthine and 7-methylxanthine, although no bacterialgrowth was observed on these compounds, indicating that this might be due to a widesubstrate specificity of xanthine oxidase. This was confirmed by activity staining in PAGEwhere activity was observed with theophylline and 3-methylxanthine, which are notinvolved in the alkaloid breakdown. A single band of activity was detected without additionof NAD + , showing an oxidase form of the enzyme. The enzyme optimum temperatureand pH were 30 o C and 7.0, respectively. The determined K","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"55 1","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80283850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100002
C. Gil-Turnes, Andrea Freitas dos Santos, Flávia Weykamp da Cruz, A. V. Monteiro
Bacillus cereus CenBiot fulfilled the requirements to be used as probiotic. The spores showed D80 of 14 hs, inhibited Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis after 24 hs in associative culture, were innocuous for suckling and adult mice and were not inhibited by antibiotics at low concentrations.
{"title":"Properties of the Bacillus Cereus strain used in probiotic CenBiot","authors":"C. Gil-Turnes, Andrea Freitas dos Santos, Flávia Weykamp da Cruz, A. V. Monteiro","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100002","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus cereus CenBiot fulfilled the requirements to be used as probiotic. The spores showed D80 of 14 hs, inhibited Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis after 24 hs in associative culture, were innocuous for suckling and adult mice and were not inhibited by antibiotics at low concentrations.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"74 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79852865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100009
S. Xavier-Santos, B. Magalhães, E. A. L. Lima
A diferenciacao de um isolado brasileiro de Metarhizium flavoviride (CG 423), candidato a agente de controle biologico de gafanhotos, foi investigada. Conidios semeados em meio de cultura solido (extrato de levedura 1%, agar 2,8%, agua destilada 96,2%) e incubados a 28°C, foram observados durante 26 horas. Para induzir a formacao de apressorios, conidios foram suspensos em meio liquido contendo duas concentracoes de extrato de levedura (0,06 e 1%) e transferidos para placas de Petri plasticas (3,5 cm de diâmetro). A germinacao teve inicio com o aumento do tamanho dos conidios de 5,3 ± 0,6 x 3,1 ± 0,3 µm (0 h de incubacao) para 8,1 ± 0,2 x 6,1 ± 0,2 µm (8 h de incubacao). Os primeiros tubos germinativos comecaram a surgir apos 10 h de incubacao dos conidios, os quais apresentaram acentuada multipolaridade. Vinte e seis horas apos a inoculacao foi observado o inicio da diferenciacao micelial e formacao de anastomoses entre hifas de conidios adjacentes. Apressorios foram formados somente quando conidos foram incubados em meio liquido contendo concentracao minima de nutriente (extrato de levedura 0,0%; peso/volume). Os apressorios formados encontravam-se fortemente aderidos a superficie do fundo plastico da placa de Petri.
{"title":"Differentiation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride (Hyphomycetes)","authors":"S. Xavier-Santos, B. Magalhães, E. A. L. Lima","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100009","url":null,"abstract":"A diferenciacao de um isolado brasileiro de Metarhizium flavoviride (CG 423), candidato a agente de controle biologico de gafanhotos, foi investigada. Conidios semeados em meio de cultura solido (extrato de levedura 1%, agar 2,8%, agua destilada 96,2%) e incubados a 28°C, foram observados durante 26 horas. Para induzir a formacao de apressorios, conidios foram suspensos em meio liquido contendo duas concentracoes de extrato de levedura (0,06 e 1%) e transferidos para placas de Petri plasticas (3,5 cm de diâmetro). A germinacao teve inicio com o aumento do tamanho dos conidios de 5,3 ± 0,6 x 3,1 ± 0,3 µm (0 h de incubacao) para 8,1 ± 0,2 x 6,1 ± 0,2 µm (8 h de incubacao). Os primeiros tubos germinativos comecaram a surgir apos 10 h de incubacao dos conidios, os quais apresentaram acentuada multipolaridade. Vinte e seis horas apos a inoculacao foi observado o inicio da diferenciacao micelial e formacao de anastomoses entre hifas de conidios adjacentes. Apressorios foram formados somente quando conidos foram incubados em meio liquido contendo concentracao minima de nutriente (extrato de levedura 0,0%; peso/volume). Os apressorios formados encontravam-se fortemente aderidos a superficie do fundo plastico da placa de Petri.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"29 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82521382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100015
R. Maziero, V. Cavazzoni, V. Bononi
Fifty-six strains of Basidiomycetes, including native Brazilian fungi isolated from different ecosystems and edible mushrooms, were screened for production of exopolysaccharides and biomass in submerged culture. Agaricus sp. (CCB 280) and Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Hohn (CCB 179) were the highest exopolysaccharide producers (6.01 and 3.54 g dry w./l respectively) after 7 days of incubation. The best producer of biomass was Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr. (CCB 473) with 16.68 g dry w./l in 14 days of incubation. When the culture filtrate was submitted to freezing prior to polysaccharide precipitation, a gelatinous fraction was formed.
{"title":"Screening of basidiomycetes for the production of exopolysaccharide and biomass in submerged culture","authors":"R. Maziero, V. Cavazzoni, V. Bononi","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100015","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty-six strains of Basidiomycetes, including native Brazilian fungi isolated from different ecosystems and edible mushrooms, were screened for production of exopolysaccharides and biomass in submerged culture. Agaricus sp. (CCB 280) and Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Hohn (CCB 179) were the highest exopolysaccharide producers (6.01 and 3.54 g dry w./l respectively) after 7 days of incubation. The best producer of biomass was Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr. (CCB 473) with 16.68 g dry w./l in 14 days of incubation. When the culture filtrate was submitted to freezing prior to polysaccharide precipitation, a gelatinous fraction was formed.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"1 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88642984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100001
C. Gaylarde, F. Bento, J. Kelley
The major microbial problem in the petroleum refining industry is contamination of stored products, which can lead to loss of product quality, formation of sludge and deterioration of pipework and storage tanks, both in the refinery and at the end-user. Three major classes of fuel are discussed in this article - gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel, corresponding to increasingly heavy petroleum fractions. The fuel that presents the most serious microbiological problems is diesel. The many microorganisms that have been isolated from hydrocarbon fuel systems are listed. The conditions required for microbial growth and the methods used to monitor and to control this activity are discussed. The effects of various fuel additives, including biocides, are considered.
{"title":"Microbial contamination of stored hydrocarbon fuels and its control","authors":"C. Gaylarde, F. Bento, J. Kelley","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100001","url":null,"abstract":"The major microbial problem in the petroleum refining industry is contamination of stored products, which can lead to loss of product quality, formation of sludge and deterioration of pipework and storage tanks, both in the refinery and at the end-user. Three major classes of fuel are discussed in this article - gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel, corresponding to increasingly heavy petroleum fractions. The fuel that presents the most serious microbiological problems is diesel. The many microorganisms that have been isolated from hydrocarbon fuel systems are listed. The conditions required for microbial growth and the methods used to monitor and to control this activity are discussed. The effects of various fuel additives, including biocides, are considered.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"72 1","pages":"01-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84194612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100014
Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins, J. Horii, A. Pizzirani-Kleiner
Com o objetivo de caracterizar os produtos de fusao de protoplastos de leveduras com caracteristicas de importância para a industria vinicola e seus segregantes, foram empregadas as tecnicas de separacao de bandas cromossomicas por eletroforese e de RAPD (amplificacao ao acaso de DNA polimorfico). O cariotipo eletroforetico foi realizado pelo metodo CHEF ("contour-clamped homogeneous eletric field eletrophoresis"), constatando-se a complementacao de bandas cromossomicas no produto de fusao e padroes de ambos os parentais e padroes intermediarios nos segregantes. A analise do padrao de amplificacao dos fragmentos de DNA com dois primers evidenciou um padrao de bandas complementares nos produtos de fusao (diploide) e padrao de bandas de um e de outro parental ou mesmo bandas intermediarias nos segregantes.
{"title":"Characterization of fusion products from protoplasts of yeasts and their segregants by electrophoretic karyotyping and RAPD","authors":"Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins, J. Horii, A. Pizzirani-Kleiner","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100014","url":null,"abstract":"Com o objetivo de caracterizar os produtos de fusao de protoplastos de leveduras com caracteristicas de importância para a industria vinicola e seus segregantes, foram empregadas as tecnicas de separacao de bandas cromossomicas por eletroforese e de RAPD (amplificacao ao acaso de DNA polimorfico). O cariotipo eletroforetico foi realizado pelo metodo CHEF (\"contour-clamped homogeneous eletric field eletrophoresis\"), constatando-se a complementacao de bandas cromossomicas no produto de fusao e padroes de ambos os parentais e padroes intermediarios nos segregantes. A analise do padrao de amplificacao dos fragmentos de DNA com dois primers evidenciou um padrao de bandas complementares nos produtos de fusao (diploide) e padrao de bandas de um e de outro parental ou mesmo bandas intermediarias nos segregantes.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"44 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88286083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100005
Adriana Kerchner da Silva, E. Flores, R. Weiblen, M. C. Canto, L. Irigoyen, P. Roehe, Renato Silva de Sousa
Este artigo descreve os principais aspectos da infeccao e enfermidade neurologica pelo herpesvirus bovino tipo 5 (HVB-5) em coelhos. Inoculacao intranasal de coelhos recem-desmamados com uma amostra brasileira do HVB-5 produziu enfermidade neurologica e mortalidade em 78,8% (26/33) dos animais inoculados. Os sinais neurologicos iniciaram a partir do 50 dia pos-inoculacao e persistiram por 10-12 horas ate varios dias. A maioria dos animais evoluiu clinicamente ate um estado moribundo ou morte em 24h (69,2%) a 48h (88,5%). A enfermidade neurologica caracterizou-se por crises de excitabilidade/depressao, tremores, bruxismo, andar/correr em circulos, queda para o lado e para tras, arqueamento do pescoco e corpo para tras, incoordenacao, movimentos de pedalagem, depressao profunda e morte. Niveis moderados de infectividade foram detectados em varias areas do encefalo, principalmente no hemisferio ventro-lateral (em 16 de 20 animais), cerebro anterior (15/20), pedunculo cerebral (11/20), hemisferio dorso-lateral (10/20) e ponte (12/26). O virus foi tambem detectado no bulbo olfatorio(9/20), bulbo(10/26), cerebelo (7/20), cerebro posterior (5/20) e gânglio trigemeo (4/20). Alteracoes macroscopicas nao foram observadas. As lesoes microscopicas foram discretas e consistiram de meningite multifocal, infiltrado inflamatorio mononuclear perivascular e gliose focal. Essas alteracoes foram observadas principalmente no cortex ventro-lateral e cerebro anterior. Imunidade passiva protegeu parcialmente os animais da enfermidade neurologica. Coelhos filhos de maes imunizadas com o HVB-5 apresentaram um retardamento no inicio dos sinais clinicos e taxas reduzidas de morbidade e mortalidade quando comparados com coelhos filhos de maes nao imunizadas. Esses resultados demonstram que a enfermidade neurologica causada pelo HVB-5 pode ser consistentemente reproduzida em coelhos e apontam para uma possivel utilizacao dessa especie como modelo experimental para estudar a neuropatogenese do HVB-5.
{"title":"PATHOGENESIS OF MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN RABBITS BY BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-5 (BHV-5)","authors":"Adriana Kerchner da Silva, E. Flores, R. Weiblen, M. C. Canto, L. Irigoyen, P. Roehe, Renato Silva de Sousa","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Este artigo descreve os principais aspectos da infeccao e enfermidade neurologica pelo herpesvirus bovino tipo 5 (HVB-5) em coelhos. Inoculacao intranasal de coelhos recem-desmamados com uma amostra brasileira do HVB-5 produziu enfermidade neurologica e mortalidade em 78,8% (26/33) dos animais inoculados. Os sinais neurologicos iniciaram a partir do 50 dia pos-inoculacao e persistiram por 10-12 horas ate varios dias. A maioria dos animais evoluiu clinicamente ate um estado moribundo ou morte em 24h (69,2%) a 48h (88,5%). A enfermidade neurologica caracterizou-se por crises de excitabilidade/depressao, tremores, bruxismo, andar/correr em circulos, queda para o lado e para tras, arqueamento do pescoco e corpo para tras, incoordenacao, movimentos de pedalagem, depressao profunda e morte. Niveis moderados de infectividade foram detectados em varias areas do encefalo, principalmente no hemisferio ventro-lateral (em 16 de 20 animais), cerebro anterior (15/20), pedunculo cerebral (11/20), hemisferio dorso-lateral (10/20) e ponte (12/26). O virus foi tambem detectado no bulbo olfatorio(9/20), bulbo(10/26), cerebelo (7/20), cerebro posterior (5/20) e gânglio trigemeo (4/20). Alteracoes macroscopicas nao foram observadas. As lesoes microscopicas foram discretas e consistiram de meningite multifocal, infiltrado inflamatorio mononuclear perivascular e gliose focal. Essas alteracoes foram observadas principalmente no cortex ventro-lateral e cerebro anterior. Imunidade passiva protegeu parcialmente os animais da enfermidade neurologica. Coelhos filhos de maes imunizadas com o HVB-5 apresentaram um retardamento no inicio dos sinais clinicos e taxas reduzidas de morbidade e mortalidade quando comparados com coelhos filhos de maes nao imunizadas. Esses resultados demonstram que a enfermidade neurologica causada pelo HVB-5 pode ser consistentemente reproduzida em coelhos e apontam para uma possivel utilizacao dessa especie como modelo experimental para estudar a neuropatogenese do HVB-5.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"5 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000200006
T. Oliveira, E. Y. Hirooka
ABSTRACTAn immunization scheme for production of antiserum to staphylococcal enterotoxinA (SEA) is proposed. The reference method of Robbins and Bergdoll was modified toreduce the number of doses and the amount of toxin used per animal. The bestimmunization scheme used injections in days 0, 8, 24, 59, 62 and 67. The amount oftoxin at each injection was 5, 6, 20, 50, 100 and 200 µg, respectively. The total amountof toxin was 381µg, which corresponded to a reduction of 107µg in the amount oftoxin for each animal when compared to the reference method. The average antiserumtiter using the Optimum Sensitivity Plate - OSP was 1:60 and using ELISA the titerwas 1:100.000. The lack of cross-reactivity with other staphylococcal enterotoxinsindicated high specificity of the antibody to SEA. The proposed immunization schemewas adequate to produce specific SEA antisera, with high titers and the aditionaladvantage of reducing the amount of purified SEA required for immunization.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxins, detection, immunizationINTRODUCTIONStaphylococcal food poisoning is a worldwideintoxication caused by the ingestion ofstaphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), preformed in foodby some Staphylococcus aureus strains. AlthoughS. aureus can be easily detected in foods, neither itspresence necessarily indicates enterotoxinproduction nor the absence of viable staphylococciassures food safety (4).The organism looses viability rapidly after thestationary phase, being replaced by harmlesssaprophytic bacteria. However, the toxins resistboth heat treatment and proteolytic enzymes actionand they can be detected in precooked, pasteurizedand manufactured foods. The direct detection ofenterotoxins in foods requires development ofpractical, rapid and sensitive assays. Currently, thebest methods for enterotoxin identification andquantification depend on the availability of specificantibodies for each enterotoxin type.Immunological methods with monoclonal andpolyclonal antibodies for the enterotoxin detectionat the level of 1 - 2 ng g
摘要提出了一种生产葡萄球菌肠毒素(SEA)抗血清的免疫方案。对罗宾斯和伯格多尔的参考方法进行了修改，以减少每只动物的剂量和毒素用量。接种方案分别在第0、8、24、59、62和67天进行注射。每次注射的毒素量分别为5、6、20、50、100和200µg。毒素总量为381µg，与参考方法相比，每只动物的毒素量减少了107µg。最优敏感板OSP的平均抗血清效价为1:60,ELISA的平均效价为1:10万。与其他葡萄球菌肠毒素缺乏交叉反应性表明该抗体对SEA具有高特异性。所提出的免疫方案足以产生特异性SEA抗血清，具有高滴度和减少免疫所需纯化SEA量的额外优势。关键词:金黄色葡萄球菌，肠毒素，检测，免疫简介葡萄球菌性食物中毒是一种世界性的中毒，由摄入葡萄球菌性肠毒素引起，由某些金黄色葡萄球菌菌株在食物中形成。虽然。在食品中很容易检测到金黄色葡萄球菌，但它的存在并不一定表明产生了肠毒素，而没有活的葡萄球菌也不能保证食品安全(4)。生物在稳定期后迅速失去活力，被无害的腐生菌所取代。然而，毒素抵抗热处理和蛋白水解酶的作用，它们可以在预先煮熟的，巴氏消毒的和加工的食品中检测到。食品中肠毒素的直接检测需要开发实用、快速和敏感的检测方法。目前，肠毒素鉴定和定量的最佳方法取决于每种肠毒素类型的特异性抗体的可用性。单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体免疫检测1 ~ 2 ng g水平肠毒素的方法
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