Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100016
M. Sabino, T. V. Milanez, L. Lamardo, E. Inomata, M. A. Zorzetto, S. Navas, Monica Stofer
Cento e trinta e sete amostras de amendoim e produtos contendo amendoim, obtidas no periodo de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 1997, a grande parte delas coletadas pela Vigilância Sanitaria da Secretaria de Saude do Estado de Sao Paulo, foram submetidas a determinacao de aflatoxinas. Foram incluidas amostras de amendoins cru, doces de amendoim ("pacoca" e "pe-de-moleque"), pasta de amendoim, amendoins salgados (frito e torrado), "torrone" e amendoins com cobertura de chocolate ou cobertura salgada ("amendoim japones"). As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada. Sessenta e duas amostras (45,3%) foram positivas para aflatoxinas e 37 amostras (27,0%) apresentaram valores de aflatoxinas B1 + G1 acima do limite maximo da legislacao brasileira (30,0 µg. kg-1 para aflatoxinas B1+G1). A identidade destas aflatoxinas foi confirmada usando-se acido trifluoro acetico. O 90th percentil foi 110,0 em 1995, 60,0 em 1996 e 118,0 µg. kg-1 em 1997. A concentracao de aflatoxinas nas amostras de amendoim cru variou de 5,0 a 356,0 µg.kg-1 e 27,1% delas acima do limite. Quanto a contaminacao por aflatoxinas nas amostras de doces de amendoim 32,8% delas estavam acima do limite e as concentracoes variaram de 6,0 a 536,0 µg. kg-1. A contaminacao nos amendoins salgados foi menos frequente, cerca de 10% das amostras e os niveis de toxina geralmente abaixo de 10,0 µg. kg-1, porem uma das amostras com cobertura ("amendoim japones") apresentou 536,0 µg. kg-1. Comparando com os dados de incidencia de 1980-1987 em amendoim e produtos de amendoim na cidade de Sao Paulo, quando 68,75% das amostras mostraram valores maiores que o limite permitido e o 90th percentil variou de 42,0 a 333,0 µg.kg-1, e de 1994 quando 36,0% das amostras mostraram resultados acima do limite e o 90th percentil foi 489,0 µg.kg-1, os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a contaminacao por aflatoxinas esta diminuindo. Entretanto, mostram tambem que a contaminacao por aflatoxinas em amendoim continua um problema serio no Brasil mas que deve-se levar em conta nao somente as condicoes climaticas (umidade e altas temperaturas) mas tambem as praticas de agricultura e as condicoes de estocagem.
{"title":"Occurrence of aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut products consumed in the State of São Paulo/Brazil from 1995 to 1997","authors":"M. Sabino, T. V. Milanez, L. Lamardo, E. Inomata, M. A. Zorzetto, S. Navas, Monica Stofer","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100016","url":null,"abstract":"Cento e trinta e sete amostras de amendoim e produtos contendo amendoim, obtidas no periodo de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 1997, a grande parte delas coletadas pela Vigilância Sanitaria da Secretaria de Saude do Estado de Sao Paulo, foram submetidas a determinacao de aflatoxinas. Foram incluidas amostras de amendoins cru, doces de amendoim (\"pacoca\" e \"pe-de-moleque\"), pasta de amendoim, amendoins salgados (frito e torrado), \"torrone\" e amendoins com cobertura de chocolate ou cobertura salgada (\"amendoim japones\"). As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada. Sessenta e duas amostras (45,3%) foram positivas para aflatoxinas e 37 amostras (27,0%) apresentaram valores de aflatoxinas B1 + G1 acima do limite maximo da legislacao brasileira (30,0 µg. kg-1 para aflatoxinas B1+G1). A identidade destas aflatoxinas foi confirmada usando-se acido trifluoro acetico. O 90th percentil foi 110,0 em 1995, 60,0 em 1996 e 118,0 µg. kg-1 em 1997. A concentracao de aflatoxinas nas amostras de amendoim cru variou de 5,0 a 356,0 µg.kg-1 e 27,1% delas acima do limite. Quanto a contaminacao por aflatoxinas nas amostras de doces de amendoim 32,8% delas estavam acima do limite e as concentracoes variaram de 6,0 a 536,0 µg. kg-1. A contaminacao nos amendoins salgados foi menos frequente, cerca de 10% das amostras e os niveis de toxina geralmente abaixo de 10,0 µg. kg-1, porem uma das amostras com cobertura (\"amendoim japones\") apresentou 536,0 µg. kg-1. Comparando com os dados de incidencia de 1980-1987 em amendoim e produtos de amendoim na cidade de Sao Paulo, quando 68,75% das amostras mostraram valores maiores que o limite permitido e o 90th percentil variou de 42,0 a 333,0 µg.kg-1, e de 1994 quando 36,0% das amostras mostraram resultados acima do limite e o 90th percentil foi 489,0 µg.kg-1, os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a contaminacao por aflatoxinas esta diminuindo. Entretanto, mostram tambem que a contaminacao por aflatoxinas em amendoim continua um problema serio no Brasil mas que deve-se levar em conta nao somente as condicoes climaticas (umidade e altas temperaturas) mas tambem as praticas de agricultura e as condicoes de estocagem.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"2011 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86344020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100010
Amanda Torres Nunes, M. Cavalcanti, L. A. Queiroz
Pseudomicrodochium suttonii was isolated from the soil of Derby Square, a leisure area in Recife city, Pernambuco, Brazil. For the isolation, suspensions were made in distilled sterile water. According to the literature, this is probably the first occurrence reported in South America.
{"title":"Occorrence of Pseudomicrodochium suttonii in Brazil","authors":"Amanda Torres Nunes, M. Cavalcanti, L. A. Queiroz","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100010","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomicrodochium suttonii was isolated from the soil of Derby Square, a leisure area in Recife city, Pernambuco, Brazil. For the isolation, suspensions were made in distilled sterile water. According to the literature, this is probably the first occurrence reported in South America.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"4 1","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80809253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100008
A. M. R. Cassiolato, I. S. Melo
ABSTRACTThe isolation of genetic markers, like drug resistance and auxotrophy, is a laborious butimportant step in genetic research. The isolation of auxotrophic mutants of Trichodermaharzianum using the filtration enrichment technique was more effective than using thetotal isolation technique. Most of 12 auxotrophic mutants exhibited similar growth rateand higher sporulation when compared with the wild type, but only two mutants (TWS-410 and TW5-523) could grow in 500µg/L of benomyl.Key-words: Filtration enrichment technique, auxotrophic mutants, Trichodermaharzianum, benomyl Revista de Microbiologia (1999) 30:43-46ISSN 0001-3714* Corresponding author. Mailing address: EMBRAPA Œ Meio Ambiente, Caixa Postal 69, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariœna, SP, Brasil. Fax: ( +5519)867-8740. INTRODUCTIONTrichoderma spp. Rifai are the most promisingproducers of cellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes, andalso are currently investigated as biological controlagents of plant pathogens. Their sexual state is unknown,but parasexual cycle has been studied with auxotrophicmarkers permitting selection of heterokaryons and ofpossible diploids (5). The classical method used, totalisolation following mutagenic treatment, is laboriousand yields a low frequency of auxotrophics amongtested survivors (6). Several methods have beendescribed for the selection of auxotrophic mutants offungi. These include biotin-starvation methods that havebeen used for Aspergillus nidulans and comparablemethods have been used in other fungi (6). To inducemutants of Aspergillus niger, Bos et al. (4) used lowdoses of the mutagen ultraviolet light (UV) in order toavoid background mutations or chromosomalrearrangements. Usually, this procedure results in highsurvival and low frequency of mutants among survivingprototrophics. Consequently, an efficient enrichmentstep can be a prerequisite. In this paper we describe theisolation of auxotrophic mutants of Trichodermaharzianum by a filtration enrichment technique basedon the technique developed by Silveira and Azevedo(8) for Metarhizium anisopliae.MATERIALS AND METHODSMicroorganism Œ T. harzianum TW5, originallyisolated from a soybean field in Brazil, was obtainedfrom the fungi collection of National Research Centerfor Monitoring and Assessment of EnvironmentalImpact, EMBRAPA, Brazil. This strain has been shownto be antagonist to the plant pathogens Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor.
摘要遗传标记的分离，如耐药性和营养不良，是遗传学研究中一个费力但重要的步骤。过滤富集技术比全分离技术对木霉营养不良突变体的分离效果更好。12个营养不良突变体的生长速率和产孢量均与野生型相近，但只有两个突变体TWS-410和TW5-523在500µg/L苯甲酰基中可以生长。关键词:过滤富集技术，营养不良突变体，木霉，苯丙菌，微生物学报(1999):30:43-46ISSN 0001-3714邮寄地址:EMBRAPA Œ Meio Ambiente, Caixa Postal 69, CEP 1382万，Jaguariœna, SP，巴西。传真:(+5519)867-8740。木霉(trichoderma spp. Rifai)是最有前途的纤维素分解酶和几丁质分解酶的生产者，也是目前研究的植物病原体的生物防治剂。它们的性状态是未知的，但是已经用营养缺陷标记研究了准性循环，允许选择异核体和可能的二倍体(5)。使用的经典方法是在诱变治疗后完全分离，这是费力的，并且在测试的幸存者中产生营养缺陷的频率很低(6)。这些方法包括生物素饥饿法，这种方法已经被用于黑曲霉和其他真菌中(6)。对于黑曲霉的诱变剂，Bos等人(4)使用低剂量的诱变剂紫外光(UV)，以避免背景突变或染色体重排。通常，这一过程会导致存活的原生营养细胞中突变体的高存活率和低频率。因此，有效的充实步骤可能是先决条件。本文以Silveira和Azevedo(8)对绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)开发的技术为基础，采用过滤富集技术分离了木霉(Trichodermaharzianum)营养不良突变体。材料与方法微生物Œ T. harzianum TW5从巴西国家环境影响监测与评估研究中心(EMBRAPA)的真菌收集中获得，原分离自巴西大豆田。该菌株已被证明对植物菌核菌和小菌核菌具有拮抗作用。
{"title":"Filtration enrichment method for isolation of auxotrophic mutants of Trichoderma harzianum rifai","authors":"A. M. R. Cassiolato, I. S. Melo","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe isolation of genetic markers, like drug resistance and auxotrophy, is a laborious butimportant step in genetic research. The isolation of auxotrophic mutants of Trichodermaharzianum using the filtration enrichment technique was more effective than using thetotal isolation technique. Most of 12 auxotrophic mutants exhibited similar growth rateand higher sporulation when compared with the wild type, but only two mutants (TWS-410 and TW5-523) could grow in 500µg/L of benomyl.Key-words: Filtration enrichment technique, auxotrophic mutants, Trichodermaharzianum, benomyl Revista de Microbiologia (1999) 30:43-46ISSN 0001-3714* Corresponding author. Mailing address: EMBRAPA Œ Meio Ambiente, Caixa Postal 69, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariœna, SP, Brasil. Fax: ( +5519)867-8740. INTRODUCTIONTrichoderma spp. Rifai are the most promisingproducers of cellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes, andalso are currently investigated as biological controlagents of plant pathogens. Their sexual state is unknown,but parasexual cycle has been studied with auxotrophicmarkers permitting selection of heterokaryons and ofpossible diploids (5). The classical method used, totalisolation following mutagenic treatment, is laboriousand yields a low frequency of auxotrophics amongtested survivors (6). Several methods have beendescribed for the selection of auxotrophic mutants offungi. These include biotin-starvation methods that havebeen used for Aspergillus nidulans and comparablemethods have been used in other fungi (6). To inducemutants of Aspergillus niger, Bos et al. (4) used lowdoses of the mutagen ultraviolet light (UV) in order toavoid background mutations or chromosomalrearrangements. Usually, this procedure results in highsurvival and low frequency of mutants among survivingprototrophics. Consequently, an efficient enrichmentstep can be a prerequisite. In this paper we describe theisolation of auxotrophic mutants of Trichodermaharzianum by a filtration enrichment technique basedon the technique developed by Silveira and Azevedo(8) for Metarhizium anisopliae.MATERIALS AND METHODSMicroorganism Œ T. harzianum TW5, originallyisolated from a soybean field in Brazil, was obtainedfrom the fungi collection of National Research Centerfor Monitoring and Assessment of EnvironmentalImpact, EMBRAPA, Brazil. This strain has been shownto be antagonist to the plant pathogens Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"2 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100012
Andreia M. R. Oliveira, G. Rocha, D. Queiroz, M. T. Barbosa, S. Silva
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was evaluated by ELISA in a rural population in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 114 among 131 adults (87.0%) and 54 among 87 children (62.0%) presented anti-H. pylori antibodies and the prevalence of the infection increased with age (p < 0.001).
{"title":"Prevalence of H. pylori infection in a population from the rural area of Araçuaí, MG, Brazil","authors":"Andreia M. R. Oliveira, G. Rocha, D. Queiroz, M. T. Barbosa, S. Silva","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100012","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was evaluated by ELISA in a rural population in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 114 among 131 adults (87.0%) and 54 among 87 children (62.0%) presented anti-H. pylori antibodies and the prevalence of the infection increased with age (p < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"81 1","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85527762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141999000100003
L. F. Filippsen
The effects of bovine S protein (vitronectin) on phagocytosis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from cattle with mastitis were investigated. Phagocytized streptococci were determined by a fluorometric microassay using glass adherent polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Preincubation of S. dysgalactiae with bovine S protein significantly increased their phagocytosis by PMN. Bovine S protein had no effect on phagocytic killing of non-S protein binding S. pyogenes cultures. Enzymatic digestion of the bovine S protein binding sites on S. dysgalactiae with pronase resulted in a significative reduction of the effects of S protein on phagocytosis. It could thus be concluded that in addition to its role as a promoter of cellular adhesion and complement inhibitor, bovine S protein may also influence the phagocytosis of S. dysgalactiae during inflammatory processes.
{"title":"Bovine S protein (vitronectin) increases phagocytosis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae","authors":"L. F. Filippsen","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141999000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141999000100003","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of bovine S protein (vitronectin) on phagocytosis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from cattle with mastitis were investigated. Phagocytized streptococci were determined by a fluorometric microassay using glass adherent polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Preincubation of S. dysgalactiae with bovine S protein significantly increased their phagocytosis by PMN. Bovine S protein had no effect on phagocytic killing of non-S protein binding S. pyogenes cultures. Enzymatic digestion of the bovine S protein binding sites on S. dysgalactiae with pronase resulted in a significative reduction of the effects of S protein on phagocytosis. It could thus be concluded that in addition to its role as a promoter of cellular adhesion and complement inhibitor, bovine S protein may also influence the phagocytosis of S. dysgalactiae during inflammatory processes.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"117 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85900871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141998000400011
M. A. Martins, A. F. Cruz
An experiment under greenhouse conditions was carried out to evaluate the relative contribuition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the process of nitrogen transfer from cowpea to maize plants, using the isotope 15N. Special pots divided in three sections (A, B and C), were constructed and a nylon mesh screen of two diameters: 40µm (which allowed the AMF hyphae to pass but not the plant roots) or 1µm (which acted as a barrier to AM hyphae and plant roots) was inserted between the sections B and C. Section A had 25.5 mg of N/kg using (15NH4)2SO4 as N source. Two cowpea seedlings inoculated with Rhizobium sp. were transplanted with their root systems divided between the sections A and B. Ten days later, 2 seeds of maize were sown into the section C which was inoculated with Glomus etunicatum. Thirty-five days after transplanting, the maize plants were harvested. AMF inoculation increased dry weight and 15N and P content of maize plant shoots. Direct transfer of 15N via AMF hyphae was 21.2%; indirect transfer of 15N mediated by AMF mycelium network, was 9.6%, and indirect transfer not mediated by AM mycelium network , was 69.2%.
{"title":"The Role of the external mycelial network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: III. a study of nitrogen transfer between plants interconnected by a common mycelium","authors":"M. A. Martins, A. F. Cruz","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141998000400011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141998000400011","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment under greenhouse conditions was carried out to evaluate the relative contribuition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the process of nitrogen transfer from cowpea to maize plants, using the isotope 15N. Special pots divided in three sections (A, B and C), were constructed and a nylon mesh screen of two diameters: 40µm (which allowed the AMF hyphae to pass but not the plant roots) or 1µm (which acted as a barrier to AM hyphae and plant roots) was inserted between the sections B and C. Section A had 25.5 mg of N/kg using (15NH4)2SO4 as N source. Two cowpea seedlings inoculated with Rhizobium sp. were transplanted with their root systems divided between the sections A and B. Ten days later, 2 seeds of maize were sown into the section C which was inoculated with Glomus etunicatum. Thirty-five days after transplanting, the maize plants were harvested. AMF inoculation increased dry weight and 15N and P content of maize plant shoots. Direct transfer of 15N via AMF hyphae was 21.2%; indirect transfer of 15N mediated by AMF mycelium network, was 9.6%, and indirect transfer not mediated by AM mycelium network , was 69.2%.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"25 1","pages":"289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81999575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141998000400005
R. Ferreyra, G. Lorda, A. Balatti
The influence of aeration and automatic pH control on the production of a-amylase by a strain of Bacillus subtilis NRRL 3411 from acid cheese whey was studied. Tests were carried out in a rotary shaker and in mechanically stirred fermenters. a-amylase was analysed according to DUNs method. Oxygen absorption rate was determined by Coopers method. Cell oxygen demand was determined as oxygen consumption in a Warburg respirometer. The level of dissolved oxygen was measured by means of a galvanic silver-lead electrode. Results suggest the possibility of industrial use of acid cheese whey as a carbon source for a-amylase production, since the yield was similar to that produced with lactose. The highest a-amylase levels 10,000 DUN/ml units were not attained at higher aeration rates -431 mLO2/L.h-. The indicated value correspond to a 96 h process with automatic pH control at 7.5. These conditions resulted in double concentration of a-amylase. The enzyme production was directly related to growth in the form of cell aggregates.
{"title":"Production of alpha-amylase in acid cheese whey culture media with automatic pH control","authors":"R. Ferreyra, G. Lorda, A. Balatti","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141998000400005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141998000400005","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of aeration and automatic pH control on the production of a-amylase by a strain of Bacillus subtilis NRRL 3411 from acid cheese whey was studied. Tests were carried out in a rotary shaker and in mechanically stirred fermenters. a-amylase was analysed according to DUNs method. Oxygen absorption rate was determined by Coopers method. Cell oxygen demand was determined as oxygen consumption in a Warburg respirometer. The level of dissolved oxygen was measured by means of a galvanic silver-lead electrode. Results suggest the possibility of industrial use of acid cheese whey as a carbon source for a-amylase production, since the yield was similar to that produced with lactose. The highest a-amylase levels 10,000 DUN/ml units were not attained at higher aeration rates -431 mLO2/L.h-. The indicated value correspond to a 96 h process with automatic pH control at 7.5. These conditions resulted in double concentration of a-amylase. The enzyme production was directly related to growth in the form of cell aggregates.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"9 1","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91373576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141998000400003
L. Menezes, Vera Nobre Braz, C. Cordeiro
Leveduras de panificacao imobilizadas em alginato, foram utilizadas com o objetivo de promover a remocao de cromo presente em efluentes. Trabalhou-se com solucoes de cromo de diferentes concentracoes. A fim de avaliar a viabilidade e eficiencia do uso de leveduras de panificacao na remocao de cromo, tres experimentos foram realizados em dois diferentes sistemas de reatores: o primeiro no sistema 1 com 17,5 ml/s e 10, 20, 25 e 30 mg/l Cr; o segundo no sistema 2 com 38,7 ml/s e 20 mg/l Cr; o terceiro no sistema 2.1 com 6,65 ml/s e 20, 30 e 40 mg/l Cr. A media das eficiencias de retencao do cromo variaram entre 86 e 100%.
{"title":"Chromium uptake from aqueous effluents by immobilized Baker's yeast","authors":"L. Menezes, Vera Nobre Braz, C. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141998000400003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141998000400003","url":null,"abstract":"Leveduras de panificacao imobilizadas em alginato, foram utilizadas com o objetivo de promover a remocao de cromo presente em efluentes. Trabalhou-se com solucoes de cromo de diferentes concentracoes. A fim de avaliar a viabilidade e eficiencia do uso de leveduras de panificacao na remocao de cromo, tres experimentos foram realizados em dois diferentes sistemas de reatores: o primeiro no sistema 1 com 17,5 ml/s e 10, 20, 25 e 30 mg/l Cr; o segundo no sistema 2 com 38,7 ml/s e 20 mg/l Cr; o terceiro no sistema 2.1 com 6,65 ml/s e 20, 30 e 40 mg/l Cr. A media das eficiencias de retencao do cromo variaram entre 86 e 100%.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"29 1","pages":"251-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74896106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141998000400008
Manuela Silva, G. Manfio, V. Canhos
The fatty acid profiles of several fungi of the order Mucorales (Zygomycetes), including Backusella lamprospora (Lendner) Benny and R.K. Benj., Benjaminiella youngii P.M. Kirk, Circinella simplex van Tieghem, Cunninghamella blakesleeana Lendner, Mortierella ramanniana (Moller) Linnem., Mucor circinelloides f. janssenii (Lendner) Schipper, Mycotypha microspora Fenner, Rhizomucor miehei (Cooney and R. Emerson) Schipper and Rhizomucor pusillus (Lindt) Schipper, and of Volutella sp. Fr., from the class Ascomycetes, were qualitatively analysed by gas-liquid chromatography in order to determine the taxonomic value of these chemotaxonomic markers. The fatty acids present in all strains were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and g-linolenic (18:3) acid, with the exception that the latter was not found in Volutella sp. Chemotaxonomic markers for some species and genera were obtained, including a non-identified fatty acid, FAME8 (minimum and maximum retention times of 27.92 and 28.28 minutes) for Rhizomucor miehei CCT 2236 and Rhizomucor pusillus CCT 4133, and FAME3 (minimum and maximum of 16.53 and 16.61 minutes) for Benjaminiella youngii CCT 4121. The chemotaxonomic marker of the order Mucorales was the fatty acid 18:3w6, confirming previous data from literature. The results of the present study suggest that qualitative fatty acid analysis can be an important chemotaxonomic tool for the classification of fungi assigned to the order Mucorales (Zygomycetes).
{"title":"Characterization of selected strains of mucorales using fatty acid profiles","authors":"Manuela Silva, G. Manfio, V. Canhos","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141998000400008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141998000400008","url":null,"abstract":"The fatty acid profiles of several fungi of the order Mucorales (Zygomycetes), including Backusella lamprospora (Lendner) Benny and R.K. Benj., Benjaminiella youngii P.M. Kirk, Circinella simplex van Tieghem, Cunninghamella blakesleeana Lendner, Mortierella ramanniana (Moller) Linnem., Mucor circinelloides f. janssenii (Lendner) Schipper, Mycotypha microspora Fenner, Rhizomucor miehei (Cooney and R. Emerson) Schipper and Rhizomucor pusillus (Lindt) Schipper, and of Volutella sp. Fr., from the class Ascomycetes, were qualitatively analysed by gas-liquid chromatography in order to determine the taxonomic value of these chemotaxonomic markers. The fatty acids present in all strains were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and g-linolenic (18:3) acid, with the exception that the latter was not found in Volutella sp. Chemotaxonomic markers for some species and genera were obtained, including a non-identified fatty acid, FAME8 (minimum and maximum retention times of 27.92 and 28.28 minutes) for Rhizomucor miehei CCT 2236 and Rhizomucor pusillus CCT 4133, and FAME3 (minimum and maximum of 16.53 and 16.61 minutes) for Benjaminiella youngii CCT 4121. The chemotaxonomic marker of the order Mucorales was the fatty acid 18:3w6, confirming previous data from literature. The results of the present study suggest that qualitative fatty acid analysis can be an important chemotaxonomic tool for the classification of fungi assigned to the order Mucorales (Zygomycetes).","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"19 1","pages":"276-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81809055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37141998000400015
M. S. Raddi, N. C. Lorencetti
Rotina bacteriologica do conteudo vaginal e cervical de 22 mulheres com historico de aborto recente ou ruptura precoce das membranas foi realizada. Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida sp e Gardnerella vaginalis foram isolados em 54,5% (12) das pacientes. Apesar de Ureaplasma urealyticum ter sido frequentemente encontrado (45,5%), somente em 5 das 22 mulheres foi o unico microrganismo presente nos materiais analisados. Esses resultados chamam a atencao para a importância de investigacao quantitativa bem como qualitativa da microbiota genital em gestantes, tendo em vista ter consequencias na gestacao.
{"title":"Cervicovaginal aerobic microflora of women with spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery in Araraquara-Brazil","authors":"M. S. Raddi, N. C. Lorencetti","doi":"10.1590/S0001-37141998000400015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37141998000400015","url":null,"abstract":"Rotina bacteriologica do conteudo vaginal e cervical de 22 mulheres com historico de aborto recente ou ruptura precoce das membranas foi realizada. Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida sp e Gardnerella vaginalis foram isolados em 54,5% (12) das pacientes. Apesar de Ureaplasma urealyticum ter sido frequentemente encontrado (45,5%), somente em 5 das 22 mulheres foi o unico microrganismo presente nos materiais analisados. Esses resultados chamam a atencao para a importância de investigacao quantitativa bem como qualitativa da microbiota genital em gestantes, tendo em vista ter consequencias na gestacao.","PeriodicalId":21211,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Microbiologia","volume":"11 1","pages":"311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73107606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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