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PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE JUVENILE WOOD AS A FUNCTION OF AGE AND PLANTING SPACING 松木幼材的物理力学特性和生长特性随树龄和种植间距的变化
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000027
Érica Machado Garbachevski, É. Hillig, Raul de Abreu Neto, F. A. D. S. Retslaff, H. Koehler
ABSTRACT Pinus forests have been implanted in the South of Brazil since the 1960s in different spacing and harvested in shorter terms to increase wood yield. Reducing the rotation period and changing the spacing of forest plantations can influence the wood’s physical and mechanical properties, as they are younger trees that do not yet have a significant amount of mature wood in their composition. In this context, this research aimed to study the influence of three levels of planting spacing (3.0 × 2.0 m, 4.0 × 2.0 m, and 2.0 × 2.0 m) and two ages (13 and 15 years old) on growth characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of wood, as well as the relationship between them. Apparent density, latewood percentage, rings per inch, strength and stiffness in static bending as well as compression parallel to the grain, and shear strength were evaluated. The evaluated planting spacings did not cause statistically significant changes in the mechanical properties of juvenile Pinus taeda L. wood. The studied ages did not influence the wood’s apparent density. However, changing the cutting age from 13 to 15 years significantly increased the strength and stiffness of the wood. There was a statistically significant correlation between tree growth characteristics and strength, and stiffness in bending and parallel compression, around 0.500 R2, which suggests that this parameter can be used to assist in estimating those properties. The wood of Pinus taeda L used in this study can be classified as structural wood, class C20 for 13 years-old trees and classes C25 and C30 for 15 years-old trees, according to NBR 7190/97 requirements.
自20世纪60年代以来,巴西南部以不同的间距和较短的采伐期种植松林,以提高木材产量。减少轮作周期和改变人工林的间距可以影响木材的物理和机械特性,因为它们是年轻的树木,在其组成中还没有大量的成熟木材。在此背景下,本研究旨在研究3种种植间距(3.0 × 2.0 m、4.0 × 2.0 m和2.0 × 2.0 m)和2种树龄(13和15年树龄)对木材生长特性和物理力学性能的影响及其相互关系。评估了表观密度、后期木材百分比、每英寸环数、静态弯曲强度和刚度以及平行于颗粒的压缩强度和抗剪强度。不同种植间距对幼松木材力学性能的影响没有统计学意义。所研究的年龄对木材的表观密度没有影响。然而,将切割年龄从13年改为15年可显著提高木材的强度和刚度。在弯曲和平行压缩中,树木的生长特征与强度、刚度之间存在统计学上显著的相关性,约为0.500 R2,这表明该参数可以用来帮助估计这些特性。根据NBR 7190/97的要求,本研究使用的红松木材可分为结构木材,13年树龄为C20级,15年树龄为C25级和C30级。
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引用次数: 1
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF TIMBER TRUSSES STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGIES APPLYING COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 应用计算智能对木桁架结构类型力学性能的比较分析
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000004
M. H. M. Moraes, I. F. Fraga, W. M. Pereira Junior, A. Christoforo
ABSTRACT Timber application is viable in constructive systems because of its mechanical properties, suitable for structural applications in engineering. Timber is even more interesting to use since it is a renewable source. Among its several applications, timber is widely used in roofing structures, with several typologies of trusses. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the behavior of plane truss in different loading conditions, including dead load, service load, and wind suction load. The mechanical performance of two trusses (Pratt and Scissor) was analyzed and compared, according to the Brazilian standard of timber structures ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) (methods and calculus premises), with the finite element method, an algorithm of swarm intelligence optimization (structure weight minimization), and a parametric study. Based on minimum weight and maximum displacement as a function of span variation, Pratt typology presented lower weight (3–19%) when compared with Scissor, under the same span and loading conditions. Regarding maximum displacements, Pratt typology presented lower displacement values than the Scissor typology. The difference between these values ranged from two to seven times, indicating that Scissor typology can better distribute normal loads (maximum displacement closer to the normative limit displacement). Variance analysis (5% of significance) confirmed these results.
木材具有良好的机械性能,适合于工程结构应用,因此在建筑系统中是可行的。木材是一种可再生资源,使用起来更有趣。在它的几种应用中,木材被广泛用于屋顶结构,有几种类型的桁架。因此,有必要了解平面桁架在不同荷载条件下的性能,包括自重荷载、工作荷载和风吸力荷载。根据巴西木结构标准ABNT NBR 7190(1997)(方法和微积分前提),采用有限元法、群智能优化算法(结构重量最小化)和参数化研究,对Pratt和Scissor两种桁架的力学性能进行了分析和比较。基于最小自重和最大位移作为跨度变化的函数,在相同跨度和荷载条件下,Pratt型比Scissor型的自重低(3-19%)。在最大位移方面,Pratt类型的位移值低于scissors类型。这些值之间的差异从2倍到7倍不等,表明剪刀型可以更好地分配正常载荷(最大位移更接近规范极限位移)。方差分析(5%的显著性)证实了这些结果。
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引用次数: 3
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF Mimosa Caesalpiniifolia BY MINI-CUTTINGS TECHNIQUE 含羞草扦插无性繁殖的研究
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000031
Ana Karla Vieira da Silva, Thamiris da Silva Aguiar, Márcia Ellen Chagas dos Santos, Jayane Karine Pereira de Araújo, Álvaro da Costa Freire, Gabriela Salami, Poliana Coqueiro Dias Araújo
ABSTRACT This study aimed to establish a methodology for vegetative propagation via mini-cuttings technique for Mimosa Caesalpiniifolia. For such, three independent experiments were conducted: the first one evaluated survival and production of mini-stumps; the second tested the interaction between mini-cuttings types (apical and intermediate) and different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IAB; 0, 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 mg.L-1) on adventitious rooting; and the third analyzed the effect of leaf area reduction (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on mini-cuttings. Mini-stumps survival at 180 days was 80%, with an average yield of 5 sprouts per mini-stump at 120 days. Apical mini-cuttings demonstrated a higher rooting percentage, without IBA application, higher than 80%. On the other hand, IBA application promotes increased rooting percentage in intermediate mini-cuttings. Treatments without leaf reduction and with reduction of 25% promoted better results concerning rooting and plant development. Results support the hypothesis that mini-cuttings technique is viable for the propagation of Mimosa Caesalpiniifolia.
摘要:本研究旨在建立含羞草(Mimosa Caesalpiniifolia)的无性繁殖方法。为此,我们进行了三个独立的实验:第一个实验评估了小树桩的存活率和产量;第二部分测试了不同浓度吲哚丁酸(IAB)与顶端和中间微岩屑类型的相互作用;0,2,000, 4,000和6,000 mg.L-1)在不定根上;第三组分析了叶面积减少(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)对小插条的影响。180 d时小树桩成活率为80%,120 d时每个小树桩平均产芽5个。在不施用IBA的情况下,顶端小插条生根率高于80%。另一方面,施用IBA可提高中间小插条的生根率。不减叶处理和减叶25%处理的生根和植株发育效果较好。结果支持了微型扦插技术在含羞草繁殖中是可行的假设。
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引用次数: 0
CYTOKININ AND FLASK SEALING AFFECT SHOOT PROLIFERATION AND In Vitro DEVELOPMENT OF Jacaranda cuspidifolia MART. MICROCUTTINGS 细胞分裂素和瓶封对蓝花楹芽的增殖和离体发育有影响。MICROCUTTINGS
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000033
Deise Kelle Barbosa Ferreira, L. L. L. Dias, Lázara Aline Simões Silva, A. P. D. C. Netto, V. C. Kuster, D. I. Rocha
ABSTRACT Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and types of flasks sealing that allow gas exchange can favor the development of in vitro plant propagation systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the eff ects of cytokinin supplementation on the induction of shoot proliferation and the influence of gas exchange on the in vitro development of Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart microcuttings. Nodal segments were cultured in medium supplemented with diff erent concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) of 6-benzyladenine (BA). In the control treatment, there was no addition of PGRs. After 30 days of culture, the microcuttings were isolated and transferred to a rooting medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid. At this stage, the culture fl asks were sealed with rigid polypropylene lids with a porous membrane (1 M; 21 μL L-1 s-1 CO2) or with no membrane (0 M; 14 μL L-1 s-1 CO2). Cytokinin supplementation induced the activation of axillary buds of J. cuspidifolia. The highest numbers of shoots were observed in explants cultivated in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mg L-1 BA. The microcuttings kept in flasks with a higher level of gas exchange (1M) had a higher percentage of rooting and greater root and shoot lengths. Microscopic analysis showed a greater differentiation of leaf tissues in plants kept in flasks with a higher level of gas exchange (1M). These plants also showed greater mesophyll thickness and, consequently, greater leaf blade thickness. The results provide new information for establishing an efficient in vitro propagation system for J. cuspidifolia.
植物生长调节剂(pgr)和允许气体交换的烧瓶密封类型有利于植物离体繁殖系统的发展。本研究的目的是研究细胞分裂素(cytokinin)对虎皮蓝花楹(Jacaranda cusdidifolia Mart)试管苗增殖的诱导作用以及气体交换对其试管苗体外发育的影响。节段在添加不同浓度的培养基中培养(0.25;0.5;1.0和2.0 mg L-1)的6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA)。在对照处理中,未添加pgr。培养30天后,将微插枝分离,转移到添加1.0 mg L-1吲哚-3-丁酸的生根培养基上。在这一阶段,用硬质聚丙烯盖密封培养皿,盖上多孔膜(1 M;21 μL L-1 s-1 CO2)或无膜(0 M;14 μL L-1 s-1 CO2)。补充细胞分裂素可诱导虎叶腋芽活化。在0.5 ~ 1.0 mg L-1 BA的条件下,外植体的芽数最高。在较高气体交换水平(1M)的烧瓶中保存的微插枝生根率较高,根长和茎长较大。显微分析表明,在较高气体交换水平(1M)的烧瓶中保存的植物叶片组织分化更大。这些植物也表现出更大的叶肉厚度,因此叶片厚度也更大。研究结果为建立高效的虎柏离体繁殖体系提供了新的依据。
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引用次数: 0
BRAZIL’S COMPETITIVENESS IN EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM 2008 TO 2018 2008 - 2018年巴西林产品出口竞争力分析
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000017
Helenice Furtado Santos, Márcio Lopes da Silva, Naisy Silva Soares, Felipe Firmino Diniz, Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior
ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze Brazil’s global competitiveness in the exportation of forest products from 2008 to 2018. Data on importation and exportation were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, while Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Contribution to Trade Balance (CTB), and Terms of Trade (TOT) were the indicators used to measure international trade. The main results show that Brazil has a positive trade balance for forest products, mainly for wood pulp exports. Brazil’s RCA for forest products was classified as moderate to strong. As for the forest product groups, it was strong for wood pulp, weak to moderate for wood panels, weak for paper and paperboard, weak to nonexpressive for timber, and non-expressive for industrial roundwood and wood fuel. Based on Brazil’s CTB, all the forest product groups have a comparative advantage, except wood fuel. Brazil’s TOT was strong for wood panels, timber, industrial roundwood, wood pulp, in order from most to least expressive. In conclusion, Brazilian exports have comparative advantages and are competitive in the international market.
本文旨在分析2008 - 2018年巴西林产品出口的全球竞争力。进出口数据来自联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO),衡量国际贸易的指标为显性比较优势(RCA)、贸易平衡贡献(CTB)和贸易条件(TOT)。主要结果表明,巴西的林产品贸易顺差,主要是木浆出口。巴西对林产品的RCA评级为中等至强烈。对于林产品组来说,木浆是强的,木板是弱到中等,纸和纸板是弱的,木材是弱到无表现力的,工业圆木和木材燃料是无表现力的。根据巴西的CTB,除木材燃料外,所有林产品组都具有比较优势。巴西的TOT在木板、木材、工业圆木、木浆方面表现强劲,从最具表现力到最不具表现力。总之,巴西出口具有比较优势,在国际市场上具有竞争力。
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引用次数: 4
EDGE INFLUENCE OVER FUNCTIONAL TREE TRAITS IN AN ATLANTIC FOREST REMNANT 大西洋森林遗迹中边缘对功能性树木性状的影响
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000003
Felipe Zuñe-da-Silva, P. Rodrigues, C. Rojas-Idrogo, G. E. Delgado-Paredes, A. Enrich-Prast, C. M. Sakuragui
ABSTRACT Habitat fragmentation is one of the leading causes of edge genesis and its effects. Functional tree traits such as wood density, height, and diameter are essential variables from which it is possible to infer several ecological processes. This study assessed the variability of the functional traits of trees over two habitats (edge and interior) of a forest remnant. The hypothesis tested were i) the functional traits would have lower values at the edges than the interior, and ii) environmental variables would influence such differences. This study was carried out in the largest Atlantic Forest remnant within Serra da Tiririca State Park, Brazil, by establishing ten plots (50 × 20 m) among different habitats. Within each plot, wood samples were taken from all trees with a diameter of = 10 cm. It was recorded the altitude, distance from the plots to the edge, and fire records as possible explanatory variables (environmental variables). Wood density was obtained using the immersion method. To verify differences in functional traits by habitat, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Additionally, the influence of explanatory variables on functional traits through generalized linear models was evaluated. One hundred eighty-five trees were recorded at the edges and 218 trees at the interior of the remnant. Wood density and tree height were significantly lower in the edges than in the interior. Furthermore, the best models indicated significant relationships between wood density and habitats, as well as diameter and distance to the edge. This study was effective in raising suitable variables to predict edge effects.
生境破碎化是边缘发生及其影响的主要原因之一。树木的功能特征,如木材密度、高度和直径是可以推断几个生态过程的基本变量。本研究评估了森林遗迹两种生境(边缘和内部)树木功能性状的变异性。检验的假设是i)功能性状在边缘的值比内部的值低,ii)环境变量会影响这种差异。本研究在巴西Serra da Tiririca州立公园内最大的大西洋森林遗迹中进行,在不同的栖息地中建立了10个样地(50 × 20 m)。在每个样地内,从直径= 10 cm的所有树木中采集木材样本。记录海拔高度、地块到边缘的距离和火灾记录作为可能的解释变量(环境变量)。采用浸渍法测定木材密度。为了验证生境对功能性状的差异,采用了Wilcoxon检验。此外,通过广义线性模型评估了解释变量对功能性状的影响。在地边所记的树木有一百八十五棵,在馀地里面所记的树木有二百一十八棵。树木密度和树高在边缘处显著低于内部。此外,最佳模型还显示了木材密度与生境、直径和到边缘的距离之间的显著关系。该研究有效地提出了预测边缘效应的合适变量。
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引用次数: 0
USE OF DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODOLOGIES TO ESTIMATE STEM BIOMASS ACCUMULATION AND CARBON STOCK IN AN EUCALYPTUS FOREST 利用破坏性和非破坏性方法估算桉树林树干生物量积累和碳储量
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000011
B. Schettini, L. Jacovine, C. M. M. E. Torres, A. Carneiro, R. Castro, Paulo Henrique Villanova, S. J. S. S. D. Rocha, Maria Paula Miranda Xavier Rufino, S. Oliveira Neto, Vicente Toledo Machado de Morais Júnior
ABSTRACT Predicting wood biomass and carbon stock contents in planted forests can vary due to limitations associated with the measurement of parameters. Therefore, reducing possible errors generated over biomass and carbon stock quantification is an important step in obtaining reliable data. The study aimed to compare the use of destructive and non-destructive methodologies for predicting biomass and carbon stock in a planted Eucalyptus forest. Scaling was performed on 21 trees and 3 methodologies for carbon stock estimation were compared. For methodology 1, a control sample was harvested, sectioned, weighted in the field, and the carbon stock calculated based on these data. Methodology 2 was also destructive, as trees were harvested, scaled and the carbon stock predicted based on these data. Methodology 3 was non-destructive, as trees were scaled upright with the aid of equipment and the predicted carbon stock was based on these data. Biomass and carbon stock were compared by Test F and no statistical difference was observed. The data were separated according to diametric classes and compared by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and again no significant difference was observed. Furthermore, three equations were generated based on the Schumacher & Hall model and compared by the identity test model and no differences between the methodologies were observed. Thus, both nondestructive and destructive methodologies herein evaluated were effective and showed equal results to the control sample. Moreover, the use of the non-destructive methodology reduces time and cost destined to predicting biomass and carbon stock.
人工林木材生物量和碳储量的预测可能会因参数测量的限制而有所不同。因此,减少生物量和碳储量量化可能产生的误差是获得可靠数据的重要一步。该研究旨在比较破坏性和非破坏性方法在预测桉树人工林生物量和碳储量方面的应用。对21棵树进行了尺度分析,比较了3种估算碳储量的方法。对于方法1,采集对照样本,在田间进行切片和加权,并根据这些数据计算碳储量。方法2也是破坏性的,因为树木被采伐、缩放并根据这些数据预测碳储量。方法3是非破坏性的,在设备的帮助下,树木被垂直缩放,并根据这些数据预测碳储量。生物量和碳储量经检验F比较,差异无统计学意义。数据按径类分离,采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验比较,同样无显著差异。此外,基于Schumacher & Hall模型生成了三个方程,并通过同一性检验模型进行了比较,发现方法之间没有差异。因此,本文评估的非破坏性和破坏性方法都是有效的,并显示出与对照样本相同的结果。此外,非破坏性方法的使用减少了预测生物量和碳储量的时间和成本。
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引用次数: 0
BIOMASS OF TWO Eucalyptus CLONES (E. grandis × E. urophylla) IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER 盐水灌溉下两个大桉无性系×尾叶桉无性系生物量的变化
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000012
Manoel Nelson de Castro Filho, Cristiano Tagliaferre, Fabiano de Sousa Oliveira, B. Silva, Rafael Oliveira Alves, A. Paula, Flávia Mariani Barros
ABSTRACT Using saline water for irrigation relies on strategies that include selecting salt-tolerant cultivars and leaching salts away from zones close to the roots. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess early growth and biomass production of two Eucalyptus clones (E. grandis × E. urophylla), CO 865 and CO 1407, irrigated with saline water and under different leaching fractions. Treatments were laid out in a randomized block design and arranged in a 4 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme: four leaching fractions (3, 10, 20, and 30 % of crop water demand for plants irrigated with saline water), two Eucalyptus clones (VCC 865 and CO 1407), and two additional treatments, one for each clone, conventionally irrigated with fresh water. The treatments were replicated four times. Measurements were made at 114 days after transplanting. Soil salinity decreased with increasing leaching fraction where VCC 865 was grown; however, leaf dry weight production was lower in treatments irrigated with saline water. Compared to fresh water-irrigated plants, irrigation with saline water resulted in lower: canopy diameter, leaf number, dry leaf mass, dry root mass, aerial parts dry mass, aerial part/root ratio, and total plant dry weight. Overall, the VCC 865 Eucalyptus clone performed better under saline irrigation than CO 1407.
使用盐水灌溉依赖于一些策略,包括选择耐盐品种和从靠近根部的区域沥出盐分。通过温室试验,研究了大尾叶桉(E. grandis × E. urophylla) 2个无性系CO 865和CO 1407在盐水灌溉和不同浸出分数条件下的早期生长和生物量。处理采用随机区组设计,并按4 × 2 + 2因子方案进行安排:4个浸出馏分(盐水灌溉作物需水量的3、10、20和30%),2个桉树无性系(VCC 865和CO 1407),以及2个附加处理,每个无性系1个,常规用淡水灌溉。这些治疗重复了四次。移植后114天测量。随着VCC 865浸出分数的增加,土壤盐分降低;而盐水灌溉处理的叶片干重产量较低。与淡水灌溉植株相比,盐水灌溉植株的冠层直径、叶片数、干叶质量、干根质量、地上部干质量、地上部/根比和植株总干重均较低。总体而言,VCC 865桉树无性系在盐水灌溉下的表现优于CO 1407。
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引用次数: 0
TOP GRAFTING TO ACCELERATE SELF-POLLINATION IN Eucalyptus BREEDING 顶嫁接加速桉树自花授粉
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000030
C. A. D. O. Castro, G. A. Santos, E. Takahashi, A. Nunes, G. A. Souza, M. Resende, J. C. Zanuncio
ABSTRACT The top grafting technique can make early flowering possible and consequently accelerate self-pollination in Eucalyptus breeding, reducing the period of each generation. This study aims to establish a methodology to top graft by applying the growth regulator paclobutrazol in self-pollinated Eucalyptus genotypes to induce early flowering and accelerate inbred line strategies. A total of 448 top grafts of seven genotypes (three Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrids, one Eucalyptus urophylla, and three Eucalyptus grandis) were performed in two periods of the year: July and October. The top grafting samples were evaluated concerning flower induction and graft development at three-month intervals. A t-test was performed with a 5% significance level for type I error to compare the relevance of paclobutrazol application. A fixed model was also used to analyze the significance of the treatments. The fastest blooming occurred after three months of applying the graft methodology. After two years, the top graftings performed in October presented higher flower bud and fruit production. The top grafting affected the induction of self-pollinated Eucalyptus flowers with enough flower buds produced to follow the next cycle of self-pollination in some genotypes. The effectiveness of self-pollinated top graftings varied with the genotype used as the scion. The paclobutrazol improved the flowering of the top grafting samples. The methodology established in this work allows accelerating self-pollination strategies in the globally important industrial crop Eucalyptus.
摘要:顶接技术可以使桉树提早开花,从而加快自花授粉,缩短每一代的授粉周期。本研究旨在建立一种在自花桉基因型上应用生长调节剂多效唑诱导早花和加速自交系策略的嫁接方法。7个基因型(3个尾尾桉×大桉杂交品种,1个尾尾桉和3个大桉)共448个顶接,分别在7月和10月进行。每隔3个月对顶接样品进行花诱导和嫁接发育评价。对I型误差进行5%显著性水平的t检验,比较多效唑应用的相关性。采用固定模型分析处理的意义。嫁接后3个月开花速度最快。2年后,10月进行顶接,花芽和果实产量较高。在某些基因型中,顶接影响了自花授粉桉树花的诱导,产生了足够的花蕾来进行下一个自花授粉周期。自花顶接的效果随接穗基因型的不同而不同。多效唑促进了嫁接样品的开花。在这项工作中建立的方法可以加速全球重要工业作物桉树的自花授粉策略。
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引用次数: 0
Pinewood protection against sapstain using citrus essential oils 用柑橘精油保护松木免受锈蚀
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000016
M. Martínez-Pacheco, Wuilver Elder García Reynoso, J. D. León, D. R. González, A. García, Abril Munro Rojas, Crisanto Velázquez Becerra
ABSTRACT Natural color influences the decision to acquire a wood product. Sapstain is a fungal deterioration of pinewood that affects its aesthetic attributes and generally causes its rejection. The aim was to control the sapstain on pinewood with citrus essential oils. Causal agents of sapstain on pinewood were identified by molecular methods to genus level as Alternaria sp., Hypocrea sp., Trichoderma sp., and Geosmithia sp. Citrus essential oils were tested to control the fungal growth. For the treated pinewood probes, the adsorption and retention of citrus essential oils, fungal adhesion, and wood satin as fungal growth indicators were determined. The composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography. Fungi were sensible to essential oils rich in D-limonene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol, geraniol, eugenol, or β-bisabolene. Absorption and retention data suggest that 12.37±1.62 kg/m3 is the minimal amount to inhibit the fungal adhesion and growth on pinewood. Citrus essential oils control sapstain in pinewood, but poor retention should be improved.
天然的颜色会影响人们购买木制品的决定。松木锈蚀是一种真菌导致的松木劣化,它会影响松木的美学属性,通常会导致其被拒收。目的是用柑橘精油控制松木的变色。采用分子方法在属水平上鉴定了松材锈病病原菌为Alternaria sp.、Hypocrea sp.、Trichoderma sp.和Geosmithia sp.。对处理后的松木探针进行了柑橘类精油的吸附和滞留、真菌粘附力和木丝作为真菌生长指标的测定。采用气相色谱法测定精油的成分。真菌对富含d -柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、α-松油醇、香叶醇、丁香酚或β-双abolene的精油敏感。吸附和滞留量数据表明,12.37±1.62 kg/m3是抑制松材真菌粘附和生长的最小用量。柑橘精油能有效控制松木的锈蚀,但保留力差的问题有待改善。
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引用次数: 2
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