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FOREST EXTRACTION MANAGEMENT WITH THE INDICATOR OF OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF FOREST MACHINES (OEFM) 以林机综合效率(oefm)为指标的森林采伐管理
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000018
Arthur Araújo Silva, C. Machado, Raiane Ribeiro Machado Gomes, B. Schettini, L. Minette, Ítalo Lima Nunes, Paulo Henrique Villanova
ABSTRACT Performance indicators are tools capable of exposing measurable characteristics and generating relevant information on forest operations, thus being considered pillars for managers to make agile and assertive decisions. Forest extraction with a forwarder must be improved, understanding the factors that affect the costs of this machine, such as productivity (PR), fuel consumption (FC), operational efficiency (OE), and quality of operation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the Overall Efficiency of Forest Machines (OEFM) indicator in the management of forest extraction data using forwarders. Data were collected during forest harvesting from five operating fleets, in commercial eucalypt plantations, in full-tree and coppice regimes, in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo. The indicator was expressed as a percentage calculated by OEFM = ( ( 4 ∗ PR ) + ( 3 ∗ FC ) + ( 3 ∗ OE ) ) / 10. The performance of the machines was evaluated by a stochastic model of dynamic simulation of systems in eight scenarios, proposing improvement for the average individual volume harvested, fuel consumption, and mechanical or operational stops. Analyzes were performed using PowerSim Studio 9 software. The OEFM of two fleets was higher than the established target of 95.17%, with 95.72% and 97.44%. The OEFM indicator proved to be useful in the management of forest extraction with adequate and easy-to-understand information from a large amount and variety of data. The stochastic simulation model was efficient to study the impact on the global efficiency and the flow of wood extraction by the forwarder.
绩效指标是能够揭示可测量特征并生成森林经营相关信息的工具,因此被认为是管理者做出敏捷和自信决策的支柱。森林采伐必须改进,了解影响这台机器成本的因素,如生产力(PR)、燃料消耗(FC)、操作效率(OE)和操作质量。因此,本研究的目的是评估森林机器总体效率(OEFM)指标在使用转发器管理森林采伐数据中的实施情况。数据是在巴伊亚州和Espírito Santo州的商业桉树种植园、全树和灌木林制度的五个作业队的森林采伐期间收集的。该指标以OEFM =((4∗PR) +(3∗FC) +(3∗OE))计算的百分比表示。机器的性能通过八种情况下系统动态模拟的随机模型进行评估,提出了平均个体收获量,燃料消耗和机械或操作停止的改进。使用PowerSim Studio 9软件进行分析。两个机队的OEFM分别为95.72%和97.44%,高于95.17%的既定目标。OEFM指标证明对森林采伐的管理是有用的,因为它从大量和各种各样的数据中提供了充分和易于理解的信息。随机模拟模型可以有效地研究货代对采伐木材整体效率和采伐流程的影响。
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引用次数: 0
SOIL RESISTANCE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AS AN AUXILIARY METHOD FOR SELECTING Calophyllum brasiliense PROGENIES 土壤抗性和多变量分析作为选育巴西卡勒姆后代的辅助方法
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000025
L. Froufe, Antônio Nascim Kalil Filho, I. A. Bognola, A. Aguiar, E. B. D. Oliveira, J. A. Fowler
ABSTRACT Precision silviculture is being developed to manage and improve Calophyllum brasiliense, a tree species associated with wet and swampy soils. This study estimated genetic parameters for growth traits in response to soil resistance as an auxiliary tool for identifying and selecting progenies adapted to water-saturated soils. This was undertaken in a progeny test of C. brasiliense in which 1,200 seedlings grown from seeds collected from a natural population were planted in a randomized complete block design for single-tree plots. Genetic statistical analysis was conducted using the REML/BLUP method. Significant differences (p<0.01) in diameter at breast height were observed among the progenies. The coefficients of genetic variation and heritability at the individual and progeny levels were low for diameter at breast height and height, indicating low genetic control for these traits, while high positive and significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were detected between diameter at breast height and height. Theoretical genetic gains and multivariate statistical analysis indicated three groups of progenies with different degrees of tolerance and adaptability to flooded soils, which could be useful in future breeding programs for this species, although further analysis at advanced ages is still required. The mean heights of tolerant and sensitive progenies were 12 and 58%, respectively, lower than the theoretical values, indicating that constant soil flooding is harmful to this species.
巴西Calophyllum brasiliense是一种与潮湿和沼泽土壤相关的树种,目前正在开发精确的造林技术来管理和改良Calophyllum brasiliense。本研究估计了对土壤抗性响应的生长性状的遗传参数,作为鉴定和选择适应水饱和土壤的后代的辅助工具。这是在巴西螺的后代试验中进行的,从自然种群收集的种子中生长出1200棵幼苗,在单树地块的随机完全区组设计中种植。采用REML/BLUP方法进行遗传统计分析。各子代胸径和胸高的差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。胸高和胸高的遗传变异系数和遗传力在个体和后代水平上均较低,表明胸高和胸高的遗传控制作用较弱,而胸高和胸高的遗传和表型相关性较高且显著。理论遗传增益和多元统计分析表明,三组后代对淹水土壤具有不同程度的耐受性和适应性,这对该物种的未来育种计划有帮助,尽管仍需要进一步的高龄分析。耐受性和敏感性后代的平均高度分别低于理论值的12%和58%,表明持续的土壤淹水对该物种有害。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF LOW-PRESSURE PLASMA TREATMENT ON THE SEED SURFACE STRUCTURE OF Desmanthus virgatus L. WILLD. 低压等离子体处理对野皮菊种子表面结构的影响。
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000005
D. C. Braz, D. L. D. Silva, Mérik Rocha-Silva, R. Sousa, R. M. Monção, C. L. Lima, M. Andrade
ABSTRACT Low-pressure argon plasma at a controlled temperature of 40 °C was used to overcome seed dormancy in Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Treatment times were 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Infrared analysis confirmed the presence of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates without the formation of new functional groups. The low-pressure controlled environment and the inert gas plasma changed the intensity of polar and nonpolar groups present on the seed surface. These changes directly influenced the water absorption tests because all treated seeds germinated after 24, 36, and 312 hours in the treatments of one, three, and five minutes, respectively. Germination did not occur among untreated seeds, proving the effectiveness of plasma in overcoming dormancy. The pH and conductivity results showed that plasma treatment resulted in faster germination and lower nutrient release to the medium. In addition, the seeds treated for one and three minutes showed superior results for the germination potential, germination rate, and germination index, demonstrating the effectiveness of low-pressure plasma as a clean technique and an alternative tool for reducing environmental impacts in the surface modification of D. virgatus L. Willd seeds.
摘要:采用40℃低温氩气等离子体处理裸槐种子休眠。Willd。治疗时间分别为1、3、5分钟。红外分析证实了脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物的存在,但没有形成新的官能团。低压控制环境和惰性气体等离子体改变了种子表面极性和非极性基团的强度。这些变化直接影响了吸水试验,因为在1分钟、3分钟和5分钟的处理下,所有处理的种子分别在24、36和312小时后发芽。未经处理的种子没有萌发,证明了血浆在克服休眠方面的有效性。pH和电导率结果表明,等离子体处理使种子萌发更快,向培养基释放的养分更少。此外,处理1分钟和3分钟的种子在萌发势、发芽率和萌发指数方面均表现出优异的结果,证明了低压等离子体技术作为一种清洁技术和减少环境影响的替代工具在野田茅种子表面改性方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
NATURAL DISTRIBUTION OF Myracrodruon urundeuva FR. ALL. IN BRAZIL AT CURRENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS DUE TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 云南紫金蛾的自然分布。在巴西目前和未来的气候情景由于全球气候变化
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000009
Lorena Frigini Moro Capo, M. D. Moraes, D. Zulian, Marcos Silveira Wrege, Renan Marcelo Portela, J. Cambuim, A. M. Silva, M. T. S. Soares, V. A. D. Sousa, A. Aguiar
ABSTRACT In this work, the prediction of the distribution of M. urundeuva Fr. All. was performed based on the region of natural occurrence of the species. Its geographic coordinates were obtained from online databases CRIA and SpecialLinks, from scientific articles and fieldwork carried out by Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. M. urundeuva is a native tree species with great potential for commercial use in Brazil. For this purpose, ecological niche modeling was used, with current layers of climate variables and layers prepared for future climate scenarios, according to the 4th Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR4/IPCC), using Worldclim data on Brazil. With the Open Modeller and ArcGIS programs, maps were generated to predict its occurrence for the current period and future climate scenarios, made according to the projections of global climate changes. With the projection of increases in temperature and precipitation in the area where the species occurs, it tends to migrate to areas of Brazil where the climate is currently milder, in the south and southeast regions. Due to climatic changes, the species tends to undergo changes in distribution and area size until 2080. It was projected for Caatinga and Pantanal, in both periods, an increase in area, while for the Cerrado, in the first period, the area increased, and, for the second, it decreased. Therefore, according to the results of the maps of future projections for the next decades, it is concluded that there will be changes in the distribution of M. urundeuva, with a significant reduction of the potential area of occurrence in the region.
摘要:本文对乌氏霉属植物的分布进行了预测。是根据该物种的自然发生区域进行的。其地理坐标来自CRIA和specialllinks在线数据库,来自巴西圣保罗州Ilha Solteira的圣保罗州立大学(UNESP)的科学论文和实地调查。乌龙树是巴西一种具有巨大商业利用潜力的本土树种。为此,根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(AR4/IPCC)的第四次报告,利用巴西的Worldclim数据,使用生态位模型,包括当前的气候变量层和为未来气候情景准备的层。利用Open modeler和ArcGIS程序,根据对全球气候变化的预测,生成了预测其当前和未来气候情景的地图。随着该物种所在地区温度和降水的增加,它倾向于迁移到巴西目前气候较为温和的南部和东南部地区。由于气候变化,到2080年,该物种的分布和面积将发生变化。预估在两个时期,卡廷加和潘塔纳尔的面积都会增加,而塞拉多的面积在第一个时期会增加,而在第二个时期会减少。因此,根据未来几十年预测图的结果,得出的结论是,乌鲁德乌马的分布将发生变化,该区域的潜在发生面积将大大减少。
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引用次数: 3
TIMBER VOLUME ESTIMATION BY USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING: METHOD IN HYPERDIVERSE SECONDARY FORESTS 基于地面激光扫描的超多样性次生林材积估算方法
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000021
Aguida Beatriz Travaglia Viana, C. M. M. E. Torres, Cibele Humel do Amaral, E. I. Fernandes Filho, C. P. B. Soares, F. C. Santana, L. B. Timo, S. J. S. S. D. Rocha
ABSTRACT High accuracy in timber volume estimation in tropical forests is required to support sustainable management. Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) can provide high-quality estimates from tree structural variables. We compared stem variable estimations obtained by TLS and traditional methods at tree level and adjusted volume equations using data of a secondary seasonal semideciduous forest (Atlantic Forest). We also discuss the feasibility of TLS in hyperdiverse and secondary forest fragments. Traditional measurements (Method I) and TLS-based measurements (Method II) were performed on 29 trees belonging to 10 species. Volume equations based on the Schumacher and Hall (SH) and Spurr models were generated. DBH (diameter at breast height) was equal for both methods. Total height (TH) was overestimated by Method II, and commercial height (CH) showed a low correlation between the two methods. The adjusted volumetric equations were different for both methods, and those based on the SH volume model showed the best fit. Our results lead us to infer that in hyperdiverse secondary forests, tree structural variables should be obtained via TLS. However, attention should be given to the occlusion of target trees by the regenerating understory and to height estimates, which can be biased by the crown characteristics of the dominant species.
热带森林的木材体积估算需要高精度,以支持可持续管理。地面激光扫描仪(TLS)可以从树结构变量中提供高质量的估计。利用大西洋森林次生季节性半落叶林的数据,比较了基于TLS和传统方法在树水平上的茎变量估计,并对调整后的体积方程进行了比较。我们还讨论了TLS在高多样性和次生林破碎片中的可行性。采用传统测量方法(方法一)和基于tls的测量方法(方法二)对10种29棵乔木进行了测量。建立了基于舒马赫和霍尔(SH)模型和Spurr模型的体积方程。两种方法的胸径相同。总高度(TH)被方法II高估,商业高度(CH)两种方法之间的相关性较低。两种方法调整后的体积方程不同,基于SH体积模型的体积方程拟合效果最好。我们的结果表明,在高多样性次生林中,树木结构变量应该通过TLS获得。然而,应注意更新的林下植被对目标树的遮挡和高度估计,这可能受到优势种树冠特征的影响。
{"title":"TIMBER VOLUME ESTIMATION BY USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING: METHOD IN HYPERDIVERSE SECONDARY FORESTS","authors":"Aguida Beatriz Travaglia Viana, C. M. M. E. Torres, Cibele Humel do Amaral, E. I. Fernandes Filho, C. P. B. Soares, F. C. Santana, L. B. Timo, S. J. S. S. D. Rocha","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High accuracy in timber volume estimation in tropical forests is required to support sustainable management. Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) can provide high-quality estimates from tree structural variables. We compared stem variable estimations obtained by TLS and traditional methods at tree level and adjusted volume equations using data of a secondary seasonal semideciduous forest (Atlantic Forest). We also discuss the feasibility of TLS in hyperdiverse and secondary forest fragments. Traditional measurements (Method I) and TLS-based measurements (Method II) were performed on 29 trees belonging to 10 species. Volume equations based on the Schumacher and Hall (SH) and Spurr models were generated. DBH (diameter at breast height) was equal for both methods. Total height (TH) was overestimated by Method II, and commercial height (CH) showed a low correlation between the two methods. The adjusted volumetric equations were different for both methods, and those based on the SH volume model showed the best fit. Our results lead us to infer that in hyperdiverse secondary forests, tree structural variables should be obtained via TLS. However, attention should be given to the occlusion of target trees by the regenerating understory and to height estimates, which can be biased by the crown characteristics of the dominant species.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PERMEABILITY TO WATER AND VIABILITY IN HETEROMORPHIC COLOR SEEDS OF Bowdichia Virgilioides KUNTH 黄花鲍德温异型色种子的透水性和活力
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000025
R. G. Silva, D. G. Santana, C. C. Guimarães, Edvaldo A. A. Silva
ABSTRACT Species that produce seeds with a rigid integument represent a serious problem because their impermeable coat restricts the entry of water, which makes germination difficult. The heteromorphism of the integument in Bowdichia virgilioides causes water imbibition to vary substantially and, therefore, the objective of this work was to study the relation of seed coat color with permeability and viability in Bowdichia virgilioides. Seeds were separated into five different colors (yellowish-orange, orange, orange/reddish, reddish, and rusty red) and the following parameters were analyzed: water absorption, germination, mortality, viability, synchrony, and maximum potential of germination. The color was a determining factor for most of the evaluated parameters. The seeds with yellowish or orange/reddish coats tend to be little permeable to water while seeds with reddish or rusty red coats are highly permeable. The results indicated that seeds with reddish color had greater physiological potential indicating a probable relationship with the maturation point of the species. However, in the seeds of the species studied, irrespective of coloring, germination was late with low synchrony and low daily seed germination count, typical characteristics of dormancy.
具有刚性被盖的种子是一个严重的问题,因为它们不透水的被盖限制了水分的进入,这使得发芽困难。由于被膜的异型性导致其吸水性发生了很大的变化,因此本研究的目的是研究包皮颜色与包皮透性和活力的关系。将种子分为黄橙色、橙色、橙/红、红色和锈红色5种颜色,并对其吸水率、发芽率、死亡率、活力、同步率和最大发芽率进行分析。颜色是大多数评估参数的决定因素。带有黄色或橙色/红色外壳的种子对水的渗透性很小,而带有红色或锈红色外壳的种子渗透性很强。结果表明,红色种子具有更大的生理潜能,这可能与该物种的成熟点有关。然而,在所研究的物种中,无论颜色如何,种子萌发都较晚,同步性低,日种子萌发数低,具有典型的休眠特征。
{"title":"PERMEABILITY TO WATER AND VIABILITY IN HETEROMORPHIC COLOR SEEDS OF Bowdichia Virgilioides KUNTH","authors":"R. G. Silva, D. G. Santana, C. C. Guimarães, Edvaldo A. A. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Species that produce seeds with a rigid integument represent a serious problem because their impermeable coat restricts the entry of water, which makes germination difficult. The heteromorphism of the integument in Bowdichia virgilioides causes water imbibition to vary substantially and, therefore, the objective of this work was to study the relation of seed coat color with permeability and viability in Bowdichia virgilioides. Seeds were separated into five different colors (yellowish-orange, orange, orange/reddish, reddish, and rusty red) and the following parameters were analyzed: water absorption, germination, mortality, viability, synchrony, and maximum potential of germination. The color was a determining factor for most of the evaluated parameters. The seeds with yellowish or orange/reddish coats tend to be little permeable to water while seeds with reddish or rusty red coats are highly permeable. The results indicated that seeds with reddish color had greater physiological potential indicating a probable relationship with the maturation point of the species. However, in the seeds of the species studied, irrespective of coloring, germination was late with low synchrony and low daily seed germination count, typical characteristics of dormancy.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SEASONALITY OF THE BARK TANNINS CONTENT OF FIVE-YEAR-OLD Acacia mangium TREES GROWN IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL 生长在巴西东北部的五年树龄芒果Acacia树BARK TANNINS含量的季节性
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000023
Jaltiery Bezerra de Souza, Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de Azevêdo, A. S. Pimenta, J. Gomes, João Gilberto Ucella Meza Filho, Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the influence of the seasonality on the bark tannins content of Acacia mangium trees grown in the Northeastern Brazilian Region and the effect of soil preparation on the results. Two experimental plots of 1.0 ha each were submitted to different soil preparation methods, with two different intensities. The experimental design consisted of four treatments, two types of soil preparation and, two different bark collection seasons (end of the rainy and dry seasons). The bark of the trees was collected in each treatment and the contents of condensed tannins were determined. For each experimental treatment, 15 trees were harvested and debarked. Bark material was submitted to extraction with hot water, obtaining the total solids content (TSC), Stiasny index (I), and the condensed tannins content (CTC). There was no influence of the soil preparation method on the TSC, I, and CTC. However, there was a significant difference in these parameters for tree bark collected in the rainy season, with higher values. The less intensive soil preparation method is recommended due to its lower cost, and bark should be collected at the end of the rainy season for the best yield of condensed tannins.
摘要本研究旨在评估季节性对生长在巴西东北部地区的芒果Acacia树树皮单宁含量的影响,以及土壤处理对结果的影响。将两个1.0公顷的试验地块分别采用两种不同强度的不同土壤处理方法。实验设计包括四种处理、两种类型的土壤处理和两个不同的树皮采集季节(雨季和旱季结束)。在每次处理中收集树皮,并测定缩合单宁的含量。对于每个实验处理,收获15棵树并进行剥皮。用热水提取树皮材料,获得总固体含量(TSC)、Stiasny指数(I)和缩合单宁含量(CTC)。土壤处理方法对TSC、I和CTC没有影响。然而,雨季采集的树皮的这些参数存在显著差异,数值更高。由于成本较低,建议采用强度较小的土壤处理方法,并且应在雨季结束时收集树皮,以获得最佳的浓缩单宁产量。
{"title":"SEASONALITY OF THE BARK TANNINS CONTENT OF FIVE-YEAR-OLD Acacia mangium TREES GROWN IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL","authors":"Jaltiery Bezerra de Souza, Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de Azevêdo, A. S. Pimenta, J. Gomes, João Gilberto Ucella Meza Filho, Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the influence of the seasonality on the bark tannins content of Acacia mangium trees grown in the Northeastern Brazilian Region and the effect of soil preparation on the results. Two experimental plots of 1.0 ha each were submitted to different soil preparation methods, with two different intensities. The experimental design consisted of four treatments, two types of soil preparation and, two different bark collection seasons (end of the rainy and dry seasons). The bark of the trees was collected in each treatment and the contents of condensed tannins were determined. For each experimental treatment, 15 trees were harvested and debarked. Bark material was submitted to extraction with hot water, obtaining the total solids content (TSC), Stiasny index (I), and the condensed tannins content (CTC). There was no influence of the soil preparation method on the TSC, I, and CTC. However, there was a significant difference in these parameters for tree bark collected in the rainy season, with higher values. The less intensive soil preparation method is recommended due to its lower cost, and bark should be collected at the end of the rainy season for the best yield of condensed tannins.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47997213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF TEAK CLONES CUTTINGS (Tectona grandis L.F.) 柚木无性系扦插(Tectona grandis L.F.)的形态描述符
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000022
Jorge-L. Reategui-Betancourt, D. A. Arriel, Sidney Fernando Caldeia, A. Higa, Rudmilla Menezes Marques, Irivan dos Santos Gonçalves, D. T. Martinez
ABSTRACT Teak (Tectona grandis) is a forest species cultivated in tropical regions worldwide, due to the traits of its wood and its great economic value on the market. In Brazil, original plantations are being replaced by selected clonal forests, which generate the need and interest to protect this genetic material based on the current legislation. The legal requirements for cultivar protection are that the genotype must result from genetic improvement and provide distinguishability, homogeneity, and stability (DHS). This work identifies morphological descriptors in teak cuttings to assist the clone protection process of the species. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the evaluation of 7 clones and 15 cuttings per clone, at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old. The information was also organized based on the arrays of presence and absence of variations for each clone, for 21 morphological traits. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated using the Jaccard index and the UPGMA clustering method. The clones with the 12, 7, 9, and 11 morphological traits formed the morphological descriptors for the 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old cuttings, respectively. The traits of the leaf blade: length, width, length/width ratio, green intensity, and the brightness of the leaf, were common for all the evaluated ages, but their respective levels of expression were different.
柚木(Tectona grandis)是一种在世界热带地区种植的森林物种,由于其木材的特性和在市场上的巨大经济价值。在巴西,最初的种植园正被选定的克隆林所取代,这就产生了根据现行立法保护这种遗传物质的需求和兴趣。品种保护的法律要求是,基因型必须由遗传改良产生,并提供可区分性、同质性和稳定性(DHS)。这项工作确定了柚木插条中的形态描述符,以帮助该物种的克隆保护过程。该研究以完全随机设计进行,在30、60、90和120天龄时对7个克隆和每个克隆15个插穗进行评估。还基于每个克隆的21个形态性状的变异存在与否的阵列来组织信息。随后,使用Jaccard指数和UPGMA聚类方法估计遗传相似性度量。具有12、7、9和11个形态特征的克隆分别形成了30、60、90和120天龄插条的形态描述符。叶片的特征:长度、宽度、长宽比、绿色强度和叶片亮度,在所有评估年龄段都是共同的,但它们各自的表达水平不同。
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF TEAK CLONES CUTTINGS (Tectona grandis L.F.)","authors":"Jorge-L. Reategui-Betancourt, D. A. Arriel, Sidney Fernando Caldeia, A. Higa, Rudmilla Menezes Marques, Irivan dos Santos Gonçalves, D. T. Martinez","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Teak (Tectona grandis) is a forest species cultivated in tropical regions worldwide, due to the traits of its wood and its great economic value on the market. In Brazil, original plantations are being replaced by selected clonal forests, which generate the need and interest to protect this genetic material based on the current legislation. The legal requirements for cultivar protection are that the genotype must result from genetic improvement and provide distinguishability, homogeneity, and stability (DHS). This work identifies morphological descriptors in teak cuttings to assist the clone protection process of the species. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the evaluation of 7 clones and 15 cuttings per clone, at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old. The information was also organized based on the arrays of presence and absence of variations for each clone, for 21 morphological traits. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated using the Jaccard index and the UPGMA clustering method. The clones with the 12, 7, 9, and 11 morphological traits formed the morphological descriptors for the 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old cuttings, respectively. The traits of the leaf blade: length, width, length/width ratio, green intensity, and the brightness of the leaf, were common for all the evaluated ages, but their respective levels of expression were different.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
OPTIMIZATION OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN A CARPENTRY COMPANY THROUGH INTEGER PROGRAMMING 用整数规划方法优化某木工公司的经济指标
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000019
L. C. D. Freitas, Ana Paula da Silva Barros
ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of manufacturing frames in a carpentry company through two scenarios, including the production before and after modeling using operational research. The annual costs and revenues were quantified considering a horizon of 30 years. The economic analysis included the following criteria: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Periodic Value (EPV) and Revenues Cost Ratio (R/C). The modeling was applied after analysis of the standard production using an objective function to maximize the company’s profit based on the quantity of each assortment to be produced. The standard production showed economic feasibility for all evaluated indicators, however implementing the operational research provided an increase of 57.54% for the NPV and EPV indicators, and 11.29% for the R/C ratio. In applying the sensitivity analysis after modeling, it was noticed that the value obtained for the NPV indicator was higher, even with a 10% increase in labor costs or in the price of wood, when compared to the standard production scenario before the modeling and without applying sensitivity analysis.
本研究旨在通过运筹学建模前后两种情景,分析某木工企业生产框架的经济可行性。考虑到30年的时间跨度,对年度成本和收入进行了量化。经济分析包括以下标准:净现值(NPV),等价周期价值(EPV)和收入成本比(R/C)。该模型是在对标准生产进行分析后应用的,目标函数是基于每种产品的生产数量使公司利润最大化。标准生产的所有评价指标均具有经济可行性,而实施运筹学的NPV和EPV指标提高了57.54%,R/C比提高了11.29%。在建模后应用敏感性分析时,我们注意到,即使人工成本或木材价格增加10%,与建模前未应用敏感性分析的标准生产场景相比,NPV指标的值也更高。
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引用次数: 0
PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF ARBOREAL SPECIES SEEDLINGS AND USE OF MULCHING IN AN ALTERED AREA 改变区乔木种苗生产技术及地膜的使用
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000020
T. C. Zavistanovicz, S. C. Aimi, M. M. Araújo, Á. Berghetti, Daniele Rodrigues Gomes, F. M. Barbosa
ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.
在水土流失地区的恢复方法中,原生树苗的种植是最传统的方法之一。本研究的目的是评估sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell的生存和初始生长。刚性足跖和准足跖。苗木在改种地区,根据苗木生产中使用的容器和苗木种植上使用的地膜,利用形态和生理属性。试验采用2x2因子方案。考虑了使用的容器类型(塑料袋和管),以及幼苗周围是否覆盖。这三个物种在24个月时的平均存活率相似。两组间的发生率为72.5;分别为85.0和80.0%。塑料袋的使用对柽柳和柽柳的茎高、茎颈、冠面积和茎干质量均有显著的影响,而对硬柽柳的茎高和茎干质量均有显著的影响。地膜的存在有利于七叶草的IncH、IncDC、AC和MSPA属性,以及西林草的CA和SDM属性。在生理参数(叶绿素a和b的相对水平和叶绿素a的荧光)方面,处理间无差异。建议在人为改变的地区种植C. sylvestris、H. heptaphyllus和P. rigida的幼苗时,采用1.5 L的塑料袋生产,以提高田间生长。此外,在种植西洋参和七叶参时,应使用地膜,以促进其生长。
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引用次数: 0
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