Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000019
Pedro Ignácio Lima Gadêlha Jardim, Fernando Júnior Resende Mascarenhas, Diego Henrique de Almeida, Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr, André Luis Christoforo
– There are several technologies to recover and strengthen timber structures. Two usual alternatives are: the use of steel plates screwed and carbon fi ber mats glued with epoxy adhesive. A gap was observed in the literature regarding the study of reinforcement in hardwood timber beams with cross-section loss, commonly found in attacks by biotic or abiotic agents. This study aimed to analyze the fl exural stiff ness recovery capacity of steel plate screwed to a timber beam with diff erent cross-sectional losses, with a special interest in the eff ect caused by diff erent bolt arrangements. The results were compared with simulations made using a carbon fi ber mat (CF). It was possible to observe that, despite presenting lower effi ciency than the CD, the use of steel plate screwed could return the initial stiff ness in some models, and the specifi cation of the bolts is relevant in obtaining the results.
{"title":"NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HARDWOOD TIMBER BEAMS REINFORCED WITH STEEL PLATE SCREWED","authors":"Pedro Ignácio Lima Gadêlha Jardim, Fernando Júnior Resende Mascarenhas, Diego Henrique de Almeida, Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr, André Luis Christoforo","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000019","url":null,"abstract":"– There are several technologies to recover and strengthen timber structures. Two usual alternatives are: the use of steel plates screwed and carbon fi ber mats glued with epoxy adhesive. A gap was observed in the literature regarding the study of reinforcement in hardwood timber beams with cross-section loss, commonly found in attacks by biotic or abiotic agents. This study aimed to analyze the fl exural stiff ness recovery capacity of steel plate screwed to a timber beam with diff erent cross-sectional losses, with a special interest in the eff ect caused by diff erent bolt arrangements. The results were compared with simulations made using a carbon fi ber mat (CF). It was possible to observe that, despite presenting lower effi ciency than the CD, the use of steel plate screwed could return the initial stiff ness in some models, and the specifi cation of the bolts is relevant in obtaining the results.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000014
Fábia Maria dos Santos Souza, V. B. Rodrigues, F. T. P. Torres
ABSTRACT Forest fire is considered a relevant environmental and ecological issue worldwide, as it causes population, ecosystem, and economic impacts, making monitoring and additional research necessary to understand post-fire forest recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes that occurred in the natural regeneration stratum in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa (MG), with and without the occurrence of fire. The phytosociological parameters and the functional diversity of the plant community were evaluated through 20 plots, 10 in the burnt area and 10 in the unburnt area, in 2018 and 2019, to follow the natural regeneration. There were collected, in the burnt and unburnt areas, respectively, 113 and 126 individuals, 23 and 16 species, and 13 and 9 botanical families. Piper sp.1, showed the highest values for the parameters: relative density, absolute frequency, and cover value, occurring in 100% of the plots. Areas with occurrence of fire present higher species richness. Species of the genus Piper occur frequently in areas of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest with signs of disturbance. The highest Shannon diversity and Pielou equitability indexes were found in the burnt area. The Jaccard index and the cluster analysis confirm the formation of groups with low similarity, showing floristic heterogeneity between the two areas, and the disturbance caused by fire is considered an important aspect for this floristic differentiation to occur. Therefore, the occurrence of forest fire in areas of Atlantic Forest increased the diversity values of species, with an increase in the equitability index, showing low floristic similarity between burnt and unburnt areas.
{"title":"FIRE EFFECTS ON NATURAL REGENERATION IN SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST","authors":"Fábia Maria dos Santos Souza, V. B. Rodrigues, F. T. P. Torres","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest fire is considered a relevant environmental and ecological issue worldwide, as it causes population, ecosystem, and economic impacts, making monitoring and additional research necessary to understand post-fire forest recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes that occurred in the natural regeneration stratum in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa (MG), with and without the occurrence of fire. The phytosociological parameters and the functional diversity of the plant community were evaluated through 20 plots, 10 in the burnt area and 10 in the unburnt area, in 2018 and 2019, to follow the natural regeneration. There were collected, in the burnt and unburnt areas, respectively, 113 and 126 individuals, 23 and 16 species, and 13 and 9 botanical families. Piper sp.1, showed the highest values for the parameters: relative density, absolute frequency, and cover value, occurring in 100% of the plots. Areas with occurrence of fire present higher species richness. Species of the genus Piper occur frequently in areas of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest with signs of disturbance. The highest Shannon diversity and Pielou equitability indexes were found in the burnt area. The Jaccard index and the cluster analysis confirm the formation of groups with low similarity, showing floristic heterogeneity between the two areas, and the disturbance caused by fire is considered an important aspect for this floristic differentiation to occur. Therefore, the occurrence of forest fire in areas of Atlantic Forest increased the diversity values of species, with an increase in the equitability index, showing low floristic similarity between burnt and unburnt areas.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000032
Cleyton dos Santos Souza, Poliana Coqueiro Dias Araújo, D. Silva, G. Nogueira, Maria Janaina Nascimento Silva
ABSTRACT Finding forest species adapted to different soil and climatic conditions and, that provide favorable attributes to commercial use is a challenge. Azadirachta indica is a potential species to attend to this goal. Thus, this paper aims to carry out the vegetative rescue of different Azadirachta indica Juss adult trees by cuttings. For that, Azadirachta indica individuals were randomly selected in a plantation of species set ten years ago and the cut was carried out at 30 cm in height. In sequence, verification was carried out on: (a) the stem cut ability to regrowth (collections and measurements of the shoot length on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days); (b) the need to use exogenous auxin for rooting induction [testing 0 (control), 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg.l-1 of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)]; (c) the ideal of the propagule size (with 8 cm and 13 cm in height); and (c) the rooting dynamics (every seven days for thirty-five days; the propagules were evaluated for callus formation, oxidation, and rooting). The species showed high regrowth ability, as well as easy rooting with or without the use of IBA; it was found that the ideal size for the propagule is 13 cm and that the process of rooting and root elongation is completed after thirty-five days of staking. The conclusion is: (a) using cuttings for the species vegetative rescue is interesting; (b) 13 cm is considered appropriate for the propagule size, and; (c) the aid of IBA at a dose of 2,000 mg L-1 is ideal to standardize rooting.
{"title":"VEGETATIVE RESCUE OF Azadirachta indica BY CUTTINGS","authors":"Cleyton dos Santos Souza, Poliana Coqueiro Dias Araújo, D. Silva, G. Nogueira, Maria Janaina Nascimento Silva","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Finding forest species adapted to different soil and climatic conditions and, that provide favorable attributes to commercial use is a challenge. Azadirachta indica is a potential species to attend to this goal. Thus, this paper aims to carry out the vegetative rescue of different Azadirachta indica Juss adult trees by cuttings. For that, Azadirachta indica individuals were randomly selected in a plantation of species set ten years ago and the cut was carried out at 30 cm in height. In sequence, verification was carried out on: (a) the stem cut ability to regrowth (collections and measurements of the shoot length on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days); (b) the need to use exogenous auxin for rooting induction [testing 0 (control), 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg.l-1 of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)]; (c) the ideal of the propagule size (with 8 cm and 13 cm in height); and (c) the rooting dynamics (every seven days for thirty-five days; the propagules were evaluated for callus formation, oxidation, and rooting). The species showed high regrowth ability, as well as easy rooting with or without the use of IBA; it was found that the ideal size for the propagule is 13 cm and that the process of rooting and root elongation is completed after thirty-five days of staking. The conclusion is: (a) using cuttings for the species vegetative rescue is interesting; (b) 13 cm is considered appropriate for the propagule size, and; (c) the aid of IBA at a dose of 2,000 mg L-1 is ideal to standardize rooting.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000020
Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva, João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho, E. C. Souza, Thalles Luiz Negreiros da Costa, T. Azevêdo, F. Mori, A. Pimenta
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the concentration of condensed tannins in the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir trees. Additionally, the physical-mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels bonded with an adhesive based on M. tenuiflora tannins were assessed. Bark was collected from five trees. The adhesive formulation was synthesized by mixing powdered tannins, paraformaldehyde, and water at 50 °C under continuous stirring. Bark tannins extract in its pristine state without any previous chemical treatment or modification was employed to synthesize the adhesive. Viscosity, pH, solids content, and gel time of the adhesive formulation were determined. CLT panels were manufactured with Eucalyptus spp. wood. The bonding performance was assessed by determining the physical (apparent density and water absorption) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity – MOE, modulus of rupture – MOR, and shear strength) properties of the CLT panels. Condensed tannins content in the M. tenuiflora bark was 23.4%. Adhesive properties were pH = 3.93, TS of 50.64%, gel time of 460 s, and 6,000 cP for viscosity. Values of MOE, MOR and shear strength were 4,411, 16.18, and 1.06 MPa, respectively. The M. tenuiflora tannins are promising for the formulation of adhesives to bond CLT.
{"title":"PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER BONDED WITH AN ADHESIVE BASED ON TANNINS FROM THE BARK OF Mimosa tenuiflora TREES","authors":"Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva, João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho, E. C. Souza, Thalles Luiz Negreiros da Costa, T. Azevêdo, F. Mori, A. Pimenta","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the concentration of condensed tannins in the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir trees. Additionally, the physical-mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels bonded with an adhesive based on M. tenuiflora tannins were assessed. Bark was collected from five trees. The adhesive formulation was synthesized by mixing powdered tannins, paraformaldehyde, and water at 50 °C under continuous stirring. Bark tannins extract in its pristine state without any previous chemical treatment or modification was employed to synthesize the adhesive. Viscosity, pH, solids content, and gel time of the adhesive formulation were determined. CLT panels were manufactured with Eucalyptus spp. wood. The bonding performance was assessed by determining the physical (apparent density and water absorption) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity – MOE, modulus of rupture – MOR, and shear strength) properties of the CLT panels. Condensed tannins content in the M. tenuiflora bark was 23.4%. Adhesive properties were pH = 3.93, TS of 50.64%, gel time of 460 s, and 6,000 cP for viscosity. Values of MOE, MOR and shear strength were 4,411, 16.18, and 1.06 MPa, respectively. The M. tenuiflora tannins are promising for the formulation of adhesives to bond CLT.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000023
V. Araujo, J. Vasconcelos, Juliana Cortez-Barbosa, E. Morales, M. Gava, J. Garcia
ABSTRACT To identify the time spent with the different construction techniques of timber houses, this study evaluates the execution time of different models available in Brazil. Using face-to-face interviews, semi-structured questionnaires were randomly applied to collect average time according to distinct production methods. The most efficient techniques were: ‘clapboard and wainscot’, ‘post-and-beam’, and ‘log-home’ using artisanal production; ‘clapboard and wainscot’, ‘stick framing with masonry’, and ‘post-and-beam’ in semi-industrial process; and, ‘modular for building sites’, ‘modular in cross-laminated timber’ and ‘modular woodframe’ in industrial production. Different industrial developers were not as agile as artisanal competitors due to production obstacles in customized projects. Timber construction offers lower execution time than masonry, representing an agile form to build a versatile sustainable dwelling.
{"title":"CAN TIMBER HOUSES BE PRODUCTIVELY FASTER TO BUILD THAN OTHER BUILDINGS?","authors":"V. Araujo, J. Vasconcelos, Juliana Cortez-Barbosa, E. Morales, M. Gava, J. Garcia","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To identify the time spent with the different construction techniques of timber houses, this study evaluates the execution time of different models available in Brazil. Using face-to-face interviews, semi-structured questionnaires were randomly applied to collect average time according to distinct production methods. The most efficient techniques were: ‘clapboard and wainscot’, ‘post-and-beam’, and ‘log-home’ using artisanal production; ‘clapboard and wainscot’, ‘stick framing with masonry’, and ‘post-and-beam’ in semi-industrial process; and, ‘modular for building sites’, ‘modular in cross-laminated timber’ and ‘modular woodframe’ in industrial production. Different industrial developers were not as agile as artisanal competitors due to production obstacles in customized projects. Timber construction offers lower execution time than masonry, representing an agile form to build a versatile sustainable dwelling.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000028
M. Costa, T. Nogueira, R. Bittencourt, W. O. D. Silva, Larissa Soares Silva, R. F. Almeida, G. Santos, C. Pena
ABSTRACT The search for novel biomasses for uses as alternative fiber sources, similar to Eucalyptus spp. biomass, holds great value and potential for commercial-scale application. This study aims to present the hybrid clones of Corymbia spp. developed by Aperam BioEnergia as potential substitutes for Eucalyptus wood in the market pulp industry. By performing modified kraft pulping and chemical characterization analyses, it was possible to compare the biomass of Eucalyptus spp. with that of Corymbia spp. Comparisons were made by analyzing their respective pulp average growth rate (PAGR) and specific wood consumption (SWC), estimated using a kappa number of 19 ± 1. The results showed that one of the hybrid clones (Corymbia citriodora × Corymbia torelliana - ID 4) had highest PAGR#k19, and lowest SWC than other samples. Clone ID 4 showed lowest value of SWC since, simultaneously presented a higher value of wood basic density and screened yield. Consequently, in agreement with its best results, clone ID 4 had the highest-ranking score, calculated as the PAGR/SWC ratio. This genetic material also showed one of the lowest total lignin content, consequently the highest screening yield. Besides Clone ID 4 showed significantly highest xylan content, among wood samples assessed in this work. For that reason, the ID 4 was the highest-ranked, proving to be an excellent high-performance alternative for forest-industry interface parameters.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE FOR MARKET PULP PRODUCTION BETWEEN EUCALYPT AND Corymbia HYBRIDS CLONES","authors":"M. Costa, T. Nogueira, R. Bittencourt, W. O. D. Silva, Larissa Soares Silva, R. F. Almeida, G. Santos, C. Pena","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The search for novel biomasses for uses as alternative fiber sources, similar to Eucalyptus spp. biomass, holds great value and potential for commercial-scale application. This study aims to present the hybrid clones of Corymbia spp. developed by Aperam BioEnergia as potential substitutes for Eucalyptus wood in the market pulp industry. By performing modified kraft pulping and chemical characterization analyses, it was possible to compare the biomass of Eucalyptus spp. with that of Corymbia spp. Comparisons were made by analyzing their respective pulp average growth rate (PAGR) and specific wood consumption (SWC), estimated using a kappa number of 19 ± 1. The results showed that one of the hybrid clones (Corymbia citriodora × Corymbia torelliana - ID 4) had highest PAGR#k19, and lowest SWC than other samples. Clone ID 4 showed lowest value of SWC since, simultaneously presented a higher value of wood basic density and screened yield. Consequently, in agreement with its best results, clone ID 4 had the highest-ranking score, calculated as the PAGR/SWC ratio. This genetic material also showed one of the lowest total lignin content, consequently the highest screening yield. Besides Clone ID 4 showed significantly highest xylan content, among wood samples assessed in this work. For that reason, the ID 4 was the highest-ranked, proving to be an excellent high-performance alternative for forest-industry interface parameters.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000029
J. G. D. Santos, S. A. D. N. Ferreira, D. Gentil
ABSTRACT Astrocaryum murumuru is a palm tree whose seeds have been exploited in an extractive way by traditional populations in the Amazon, providing raw material to the cosmetic industry, with lack of information about its propagation. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize seeds, germination, and seedling development of different A murumuru progenies. Seeds from six racemes from different plants were used, which were physically characterized and sown in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (progenies) and four replicates. Description, illustration, and quantification of the mean time of the different seedling stages were performed. On average, the diameter, length, and mass of soaked seeds were 17.1 ± 1.2 mm, 28.4 ± 5.8 mm, and 3.3 ± 0.6 g, respectively. A. murumuru germination is of adjacent type, with the cotyledon sheath developing next to the seed. Seedling development took an average of 46 ± 28 days to reach the germinative bud stage and 225 ± 38 days to reach the third expanded eophyll stage. The emergence of the first cataphyll (normal seedling) ranged from 12 to 73% among progenies, which occurred in an average time of 73 ± 29 days. There is a need to improve the processing of A. murumuru seeds aiming to reduce seed loss during this process, as well as studies on seed dormancy. Progenies showed variation regarding the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds and seedlings. Germination and seedling development can be considered slow, with variable times among progenies.
{"title":"GERMINATION AND POST-SEMINAL DEVELOPMENT OF Astrocaryum murumuru MART. PROGENIES","authors":"J. G. D. Santos, S. A. D. N. Ferreira, D. Gentil","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Astrocaryum murumuru is a palm tree whose seeds have been exploited in an extractive way by traditional populations in the Amazon, providing raw material to the cosmetic industry, with lack of information about its propagation. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize seeds, germination, and seedling development of different A murumuru progenies. Seeds from six racemes from different plants were used, which were physically characterized and sown in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (progenies) and four replicates. Description, illustration, and quantification of the mean time of the different seedling stages were performed. On average, the diameter, length, and mass of soaked seeds were 17.1 ± 1.2 mm, 28.4 ± 5.8 mm, and 3.3 ± 0.6 g, respectively. A. murumuru germination is of adjacent type, with the cotyledon sheath developing next to the seed. Seedling development took an average of 46 ± 28 days to reach the germinative bud stage and 225 ± 38 days to reach the third expanded eophyll stage. The emergence of the first cataphyll (normal seedling) ranged from 12 to 73% among progenies, which occurred in an average time of 73 ± 29 days. There is a need to improve the processing of A. murumuru seeds aiming to reduce seed loss during this process, as well as studies on seed dormancy. Progenies showed variation regarding the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds and seedlings. Germination and seedling development can be considered slow, with variable times among progenies.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000015
J. M. Rolim, J. E. Rabuske, L. G. Savian, C. Walker, J. S. Sarzi, J. C. P. Silva, M. Muniz
ABSTRACT Pecan tree [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is a widespread species in the southern region of Brazil and commercially important for nut and wood production. Stem cankers in pecan trees negatively impact the orchard, but the biotic causes of cankers are usually not identified. Symptoms of stem canker were observed in about 60% of pecan trees from orchards in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the molecular and morphophysiological characteristics of fungi associated with pecan canker in orchards in southern Brazil and to confirm their pathogenicity in pecan seedlings. Samples from symptomatic stems were collected in different municipalities and possible causal agents were isolated. Molecular identification was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique for amplification of the EF-1α region and subsequent sequencing. The sequencing, followed by morphophysiological aspects of mycelial growth and colony pigmentation, allowed the identification of a species complex included in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. The isolates were classified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating the isolates into pecan seedlings to evaluate the symptoms. All isolates caused canker in the stem, but there was variation in the severity. Therefore, different species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family are responsible for stem canker occurrence in pecan trees in the southern region of Brazil, but at different levels of injury. Thus, it is crucial to identify and understand the behavior of the fungal isolates to best control cankers in pecan orchards.
{"title":"FUNGI OF THE BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE FAMILY CAUSE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STEM CANKER ON PECAN TREES (Carya illinoinensis) IN BRAZIL","authors":"J. M. Rolim, J. E. Rabuske, L. G. Savian, C. Walker, J. S. Sarzi, J. C. P. Silva, M. Muniz","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pecan tree [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is a widespread species in the southern region of Brazil and commercially important for nut and wood production. Stem cankers in pecan trees negatively impact the orchard, but the biotic causes of cankers are usually not identified. Symptoms of stem canker were observed in about 60% of pecan trees from orchards in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the molecular and morphophysiological characteristics of fungi associated with pecan canker in orchards in southern Brazil and to confirm their pathogenicity in pecan seedlings. Samples from symptomatic stems were collected in different municipalities and possible causal agents were isolated. Molecular identification was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique for amplification of the EF-1α region and subsequent sequencing. The sequencing, followed by morphophysiological aspects of mycelial growth and colony pigmentation, allowed the identification of a species complex included in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. The isolates were classified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating the isolates into pecan seedlings to evaluate the symptoms. All isolates caused canker in the stem, but there was variation in the severity. Therefore, different species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family are responsible for stem canker occurrence in pecan trees in the southern region of Brazil, but at different levels of injury. Thus, it is crucial to identify and understand the behavior of the fungal isolates to best control cankers in pecan orchards.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000024
A. Rosa, Natalia Pereira, F. M. Damaceno, Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior
ABSTRACT The nutrients contained in the liquid pig slurry (PS) make this residue a potential organic fertilizer for the cultivation of tree species for the production of wood, which can promote the circular economy. This research aimed to evaluate soil chemical parameters, nutritional status, and development of hybrid eucalyptus clone urograndis from PS application for three consecutive years. The treatments evaluated were without fertilization (C); mineral fertilization (NPK) – 300 kg ha-1 year1 of the 02-30-10 formulation; fertigation with PS of 200 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS200); and fertigation with PS of 400 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS400). Macronutrients and micronutrients from leaves and soil were evaluated. Tree development was analyzed using stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). PS treatments resulted in leaves with higher accumulation of K and P and lower accumulation of N, Ca, M, S, Cu, and Fe. The treatments FPS200 and FPS400 presented DBH and Ht equal or superior to the mineral fertilization. Fertilizations with NPK, FPS200, and FPS400 resulted, respectively, in DBH increments 16, 27, and 30% higher than the control. Regarding the chemical attributes of the soil, the use of PS reduced the pH of the soil and increased the levels of P in comparison with the other treatments. The micronutrient values were adequate for fertility and no accumulation of potentially toxic elements at a level considered harmful was observed. The application of PS in eucalyptus hybrid urograndis proved to be an attractive alternative to increase wood production.
摘要猪液浆(PS)中所含的营养物质使其残渣成为一种潜在的有机肥，可用于树种的种植，用于木材生产，促进循环经济。本研究旨在评价连续3年施用PS的大桉杂交无性系土壤化学参数、营养状况及发育状况。评估的处理是不受精(C);矿物肥(NPK) - 02-30-10配方300 kg ha-1年1;200 m3 ha-1年(FPS200)施肥;以400 m3 ha-1年(FPS400)施肥。对叶片和土壤中的宏量元素和微量元素进行了评价。用胸径(DBH)和总高(Ht)分析树木发育情况。PS处理导致叶片K、P积累量增加，N、Ca、M、S、Cu和Fe积累量减少。FPS200和FPS400处理的胸径和Ht均等于或优于矿物施肥处理。施用NPK、FPS200和FPS400后，胸径分别比对照增加了16%、27%和30%。在土壤化学性质方面，与其他处理相比，施用磷肥降低了土壤pH值，提高了磷含量。微量营养素值足以维持生育力，未观察到潜在有毒元素积累达到被认为有害的水平。PS在杂交尤加利上的应用证明是一种有吸引力的提高木材产量的替代方法。
{"title":"PIG SLURRY IMPROVES THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EUCALYPT AND EXCEEDS THE MINERAL FERTILIZATION","authors":"A. Rosa, Natalia Pereira, F. M. Damaceno, Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nutrients contained in the liquid pig slurry (PS) make this residue a potential organic fertilizer for the cultivation of tree species for the production of wood, which can promote the circular economy. This research aimed to evaluate soil chemical parameters, nutritional status, and development of hybrid eucalyptus clone urograndis from PS application for three consecutive years. The treatments evaluated were without fertilization (C); mineral fertilization (NPK) – 300 kg ha-1 year1 of the 02-30-10 formulation; fertigation with PS of 200 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS200); and fertigation with PS of 400 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS400). Macronutrients and micronutrients from leaves and soil were evaluated. Tree development was analyzed using stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). PS treatments resulted in leaves with higher accumulation of K and P and lower accumulation of N, Ca, M, S, Cu, and Fe. The treatments FPS200 and FPS400 presented DBH and Ht equal or superior to the mineral fertilization. Fertilizations with NPK, FPS200, and FPS400 resulted, respectively, in DBH increments 16, 27, and 30% higher than the control. Regarding the chemical attributes of the soil, the use of PS reduced the pH of the soil and increased the levels of P in comparison with the other treatments. The micronutrient values were adequate for fertility and no accumulation of potentially toxic elements at a level considered harmful was observed. The application of PS in eucalyptus hybrid urograndis proved to be an attractive alternative to increase wood production.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000026
Gabriela Ribeiro Sapucci, R. Negri, K. Massi, E. Alcântara
ABSTRACT The adoption of mixed plantation systems (exotic and native species) is viable and represents an important alternative in the context of forest and landscape restoration. This study evaluated whether Eucalyptus cultivation is associated with changes in native forest cover and fragment connectivity in the region from 1987 to 2017. The study region (Southeast Atlantic Forest) has been undergoing a forest transition process. Based on land use/land cover maps obtained from satellite images and a pair-wise comparison, it was detected that the dynamics in one land cover were not necessarily associated with the other one. It was verified an increase in Eucalyptus cover since 2007, possibly related to the New Forest Code that allows the use of exotic species in reforestation, provided it does not exceed 50% of the total area. An increase in the native vegetation cover was also observed, highlighting the importance of restoration actions and national regulations. In addition, forest patches were larger and less complex with Eucalyptus presence, indicating that this land cover is potentially beneficial for the landscape connectivity.
{"title":"Eucalyptus PLANTATION BENEFITS TO PATCH SIZE AND SHAPE OF FORESTED AREAS IN SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC FOREST","authors":"Gabriela Ribeiro Sapucci, R. Negri, K. Massi, E. Alcântara","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The adoption of mixed plantation systems (exotic and native species) is viable and represents an important alternative in the context of forest and landscape restoration. This study evaluated whether Eucalyptus cultivation is associated with changes in native forest cover and fragment connectivity in the region from 1987 to 2017. The study region (Southeast Atlantic Forest) has been undergoing a forest transition process. Based on land use/land cover maps obtained from satellite images and a pair-wise comparison, it was detected that the dynamics in one land cover were not necessarily associated with the other one. It was verified an increase in Eucalyptus cover since 2007, possibly related to the New Forest Code that allows the use of exotic species in reforestation, provided it does not exceed 50% of the total area. An increase in the native vegetation cover was also observed, highlighting the importance of restoration actions and national regulations. In addition, forest patches were larger and less complex with Eucalyptus presence, indicating that this land cover is potentially beneficial for the landscape connectivity.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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