Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820230000014
Pábulo Diogo de Souza, Tiago Luiz Badin, Débora Luana Pasa, Mariane Carrion Ximendes, Jorge Antonio de Farias
ABSTRACT The value chains that compose family farming constitute several economic activities relevant to the Brazilian economy. The tobacco sector stands out for its financial aspect but also its environmental appeal. For this reason, it has been giving special attention to the sustainability of the production process, including the energy efficiency of tobacco drying, where forest biomass is used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of forest production and consumption by tobacco producers. The applied methodology was based on the inventory of the producers’ forests and the Brazilian Association of Tobacco Growers’ database. It was estimated that the sector’s forestry base, comprised of the seven VTPR (Virginia tobacco-producing regions), had a total of 116,103.05 ha of Eucalyptus forest plantations. It is possible to observe that the forest structure is deregulated in both areas. The PR – Southeast, SC – North Plateau, SC – Alto Vale, and RS – Costa Doce regions showed a firewood deficit. The regions SC – Coast, and RS – Central Depression presented an oversupply of forest biomass. There is energy self-sufficiency for tobacco production for some of the VTPR. However, the scenarios showed a firewood deficit in part of the regions. Thus, results show that it is necessary to implement strategic plans to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the sector.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SUFFICIENCY IN A FAMILY FARMING PRODUCTION CHAIN","authors":"Pábulo Diogo de Souza, Tiago Luiz Badin, Débora Luana Pasa, Mariane Carrion Ximendes, Jorge Antonio de Farias","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820230000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The value chains that compose family farming constitute several economic activities relevant to the Brazilian economy. The tobacco sector stands out for its financial aspect but also its environmental appeal. For this reason, it has been giving special attention to the sustainability of the production process, including the energy efficiency of tobacco drying, where forest biomass is used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of forest production and consumption by tobacco producers. The applied methodology was based on the inventory of the producers’ forests and the Brazilian Association of Tobacco Growers’ database. It was estimated that the sector’s forestry base, comprised of the seven VTPR (Virginia tobacco-producing regions), had a total of 116,103.05 ha of Eucalyptus forest plantations. It is possible to observe that the forest structure is deregulated in both areas. The PR – Southeast, SC – North Plateau, SC – Alto Vale, and RS – Costa Doce regions showed a firewood deficit. The regions SC – Coast, and RS – Central Depression presented an oversupply of forest biomass. There is energy self-sufficiency for tobacco production for some of the VTPR. However, the scenarios showed a firewood deficit in part of the regions. Thus, results show that it is necessary to implement strategic plans to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the sector.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135702385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820230000022
Lawrence Pires de Oliveira, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, Letícia Costa Peres, Iara Fontes Demuner, Sukarno Olavo Ferreira, Sérgio Antônio Fernandes, Fernanda de Jesus Jorge
ABSTRACT Wood from planted forests is the main input in the charcoal production chain. However, the heterogeneity of charcoal, in terms of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and the low yield in production processes is among the main problems faced by industries. To select the best clones for the production of charcoal for steelmaking, the objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of wood, in addition to the yield and quality of charcoal from different genotypes of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Five clones of Eucalyptus spp., 8 years old and one of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, 4 years old were studied. In the wood were determined the basic density, structural chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), crystallinity index and higher heating value. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle oven, with a total time of 270 minutes, starting at 150°C and ending at 450°C. The gravimetric yield, apparent density, higher heating value and proximate analysis of charcoal were determined. The wood basic density varied between 477 and 652 kg/m3, with the highest value observed for the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone. This clone also had the highest total lignin content (32.6%), the highest charcoal yield (36.3%) and charcoal with the highest apparent density (466 kg/m3). The two clones of Eucalyptus urophylla had the highest heating value for charcoal, whose mean was 7545 kcal/kg. The clone of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, having an apparent density greater than 500 kg/m3 at 4 years of age, stood out in terms of productivity. All evaluated clones have potential for charcoal production, however, the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone stood out positively, being the most suitable for charcoal production.
{"title":"WOOD AND CHARCOAL QUALITY IN THE SELECTION OF Eucalyptus spp. CLONES AND Corymbia torelliana X Corymbia citriodora FOR STEEL INDUSTRY","authors":"Lawrence Pires de Oliveira, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, Letícia Costa Peres, Iara Fontes Demuner, Sukarno Olavo Ferreira, Sérgio Antônio Fernandes, Fernanda de Jesus Jorge","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820230000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wood from planted forests is the main input in the charcoal production chain. However, the heterogeneity of charcoal, in terms of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and the low yield in production processes is among the main problems faced by industries. To select the best clones for the production of charcoal for steelmaking, the objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of wood, in addition to the yield and quality of charcoal from different genotypes of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Five clones of Eucalyptus spp., 8 years old and one of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, 4 years old were studied. In the wood were determined the basic density, structural chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), crystallinity index and higher heating value. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle oven, with a total time of 270 minutes, starting at 150°C and ending at 450°C. The gravimetric yield, apparent density, higher heating value and proximate analysis of charcoal were determined. The wood basic density varied between 477 and 652 kg/m3, with the highest value observed for the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone. This clone also had the highest total lignin content (32.6%), the highest charcoal yield (36.3%) and charcoal with the highest apparent density (466 kg/m3). The two clones of Eucalyptus urophylla had the highest heating value for charcoal, whose mean was 7545 kcal/kg. The clone of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, having an apparent density greater than 500 kg/m3 at 4 years of age, stood out in terms of productivity. All evaluated clones have potential for charcoal production, however, the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone stood out positively, being the most suitable for charcoal production.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000001
Ricardo Elói de Araújo, Helder Antônio da Silva, Geraldo Majela Moraes Salvio
ABSTRACT Protected natural areas are important for nature conservation. Nevertheless, some critiques point out that establishing and managing these areas may inhibit socioeconomic development and generate poverty. However, this strategy has presented varying results since some studies show positive effects on human development. The use of development indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product, the Human Development Index, the Gini Index, and the World Happiness Index can favor the understanding of how PNA management and goals may influence human development. This study aimed to correlate the existence of protected natural areas registered in the World Database on Protected Areas with the variables Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Gini Index, and World Happiness Index of each country involved in the research. The correlations were tested for 145 countries through a non-parametric Spearman test. The correlation between the Gross Domestic Product and protected natural area percentage was positive yet nonsignificant. The correlation between the Human Development Index and protected natural area percentage was positive and significant. As for the correlation between the Gini Index and protected natural area percentage, it was negative although non-significant. Regarding the correlation between the World Happiness Index and protected natural area percentage, it was also negative but non-significant These results are possibly due to situational differences among the countries assessed. It is suggested that future studies such as this one be carried out by economically similar countries or regions to better elucidate the links between protected natural areas and socioeconomic development.
{"title":"STATISTICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS AND PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS AROUND THE WORLD","authors":"Ricardo Elói de Araújo, Helder Antônio da Silva, Geraldo Majela Moraes Salvio","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Protected natural areas are important for nature conservation. Nevertheless, some critiques point out that establishing and managing these areas may inhibit socioeconomic development and generate poverty. However, this strategy has presented varying results since some studies show positive effects on human development. The use of development indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product, the Human Development Index, the Gini Index, and the World Happiness Index can favor the understanding of how PNA management and goals may influence human development. This study aimed to correlate the existence of protected natural areas registered in the World Database on Protected Areas with the variables Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Gini Index, and World Happiness Index of each country involved in the research. The correlations were tested for 145 countries through a non-parametric Spearman test. The correlation between the Gross Domestic Product and protected natural area percentage was positive yet nonsignificant. The correlation between the Human Development Index and protected natural area percentage was positive and significant. As for the correlation between the Gini Index and protected natural area percentage, it was negative although non-significant. Regarding the correlation between the World Happiness Index and protected natural area percentage, it was also negative but non-significant These results are possibly due to situational differences among the countries assessed. It is suggested that future studies such as this one be carried out by economically similar countries or regions to better elucidate the links between protected natural areas and socioeconomic development.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000006
H. Ruthes, F. Mascarenhas, Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares, V. Aquino, F. Arroyo, I. F. Fraga, A. Christoforo, F. Lahr
ABSTRACT The recent interest in constructing high and robust wooden structures has stimulated the investigation of physical and mechanical properties as well as their correlation with other important parameters of the material of tropical species like the Vatairea sp., whose popular name is angelim-amargoso, used especially in roof structures with large spans. The Brazilian Standard for wood constructions recommends using linear models to correct or estimate the strength and/or stiffness of wood correlated with moisture content and also provides the classification of hardwoods according to their characteristic strength. However, because wood is a natural, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material, certain properties may not be affected by significant differences in moisture content. Therefore, in this study, the influence of moisture content on fifteen physical and mechanical properties of Vatairea sp. wood was investigated through its characterization. The tests were carried out on 12 specimens for each property and two groups: with the moisture content of 12% and at the fiber saturation point. The Anderson-Darling test was performed to verify the results’ normality and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the influence of moisture content on these properties. In addition, the wood was classified according to the strength classes of the Brazilian Standard, and the strength and stiffness were estimated according to the linear models proposed by the same norm. The estimated results were compared with the experimental ones through the difference calculation and percentual error of the values. It was concluded that most properties were not affected by the moisture content, and the most significant errors obtained in the estimates were for properties that were significantly influenced by the moisture content.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Vatairea SP WOOD","authors":"H. Ruthes, F. Mascarenhas, Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares, V. Aquino, F. Arroyo, I. F. Fraga, A. Christoforo, F. Lahr","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The recent interest in constructing high and robust wooden structures has stimulated the investigation of physical and mechanical properties as well as their correlation with other important parameters of the material of tropical species like the Vatairea sp., whose popular name is angelim-amargoso, used especially in roof structures with large spans. The Brazilian Standard for wood constructions recommends using linear models to correct or estimate the strength and/or stiffness of wood correlated with moisture content and also provides the classification of hardwoods according to their characteristic strength. However, because wood is a natural, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material, certain properties may not be affected by significant differences in moisture content. Therefore, in this study, the influence of moisture content on fifteen physical and mechanical properties of Vatairea sp. wood was investigated through its characterization. The tests were carried out on 12 specimens for each property and two groups: with the moisture content of 12% and at the fiber saturation point. The Anderson-Darling test was performed to verify the results’ normality and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the influence of moisture content on these properties. In addition, the wood was classified according to the strength classes of the Brazilian Standard, and the strength and stiffness were estimated according to the linear models proposed by the same norm. The estimated results were compared with the experimental ones through the difference calculation and percentual error of the values. It was concluded that most properties were not affected by the moisture content, and the most significant errors obtained in the estimates were for properties that were significantly influenced by the moisture content.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000007
L. Pinho, C. Lacerda, J. A. D. Sousa, Alisson Moura Santos, A. Bezerra, E. Cavalcante, J. R. D. S. Sales
ABSTRACT The use of management strategies or changes in the cultivation environment can reduce the impacts of irrigation water salinity on plant development. Therefore, in this research, physiological responses, initial growth, and plant quality of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Angico Branco) were evaluated under different levels of shading and electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, seeking to identify the most favorable conditions for the development of this species using brackish water. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with split plots and four replications. The plots were formed by four environments with different shading levels: 0 (full sun), 30, 50, and 70%, and the subplots, formed by five increasing levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water: 0.4, 1.6, 2.8, 4.0, and 5.2 dS.m−1. The following variables were evaluated: substrate electrical conductivity, leaf gas exchange, plant height, biomass production, and Dickson quality index at 40 days in a nursery. The use of artificial shading favored plant development and photosynthesis rate, even when irrigated with moderate and high salinity water. The DQI showed that A. colubrina plants presented higher quality index when produced under intermediate shading (30% and 50%), with yield losses below 20% when irrigated with water with electrical conductivity up to 2.8 dS.m−1.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL SHADING AND IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATER ON THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan PLANTS","authors":"L. Pinho, C. Lacerda, J. A. D. Sousa, Alisson Moura Santos, A. Bezerra, E. Cavalcante, J. R. D. S. Sales","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of management strategies or changes in the cultivation environment can reduce the impacts of irrigation water salinity on plant development. Therefore, in this research, physiological responses, initial growth, and plant quality of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Angico Branco) were evaluated under different levels of shading and electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, seeking to identify the most favorable conditions for the development of this species using brackish water. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with split plots and four replications. The plots were formed by four environments with different shading levels: 0 (full sun), 30, 50, and 70%, and the subplots, formed by five increasing levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water: 0.4, 1.6, 2.8, 4.0, and 5.2 dS.m−1. The following variables were evaluated: substrate electrical conductivity, leaf gas exchange, plant height, biomass production, and Dickson quality index at 40 days in a nursery. The use of artificial shading favored plant development and photosynthesis rate, even when irrigated with moderate and high salinity water. The DQI showed that A. colubrina plants presented higher quality index when produced under intermediate shading (30% and 50%), with yield losses below 20% when irrigated with water with electrical conductivity up to 2.8 dS.m−1.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000008
Thiago Damasceno Silva, A. Christoforo, T. Panzera, J. C. Molina, F. Lahr
ABSTRACT In this work, it was numerically evaluated the influence of the modulus of elasticity parallel to the wood grain on the stability of trussed arches considering a nonlinear geometric analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This approach was carried out according to a positional formulation of the FEM, considering the structural nodes as main variables of the nonlinear equations system, whose resolution was obtained using the Newton-Raphson method. Altogether, seven arch models were evaluated, consisting of coniferous and hardwoods, with properties defined according to the strength classes of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190. The subroutines were written in MATLAB to solve the system of nonlinear equations and perform the analysis, including the graphical representation of the results and configurations of the trussed arch. Internal loads and displacements were obtained, in addition to the instability loads of the trussed arches. It was found that the instability load of the arch made with the stiffest hardwood (D60) was approximately equal to 700% of the instability load of the C20 coniferous class and equivalent to 257.8% of the D20 hardwood class-related load. It was verified that the modulus of elasticity significantly influences the nonlinear geometric behavior of the timber trussed arch. Furthermore, the nonlinear geometric analysis allowed calculating more accurate parameters and the verification of the stability of the structural system.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE TIMBER ELASTIC MODULUS ON THE GEOMETRIC NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TRUSS ARCHES","authors":"Thiago Damasceno Silva, A. Christoforo, T. Panzera, J. C. Molina, F. Lahr","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, it was numerically evaluated the influence of the modulus of elasticity parallel to the wood grain on the stability of trussed arches considering a nonlinear geometric analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This approach was carried out according to a positional formulation of the FEM, considering the structural nodes as main variables of the nonlinear equations system, whose resolution was obtained using the Newton-Raphson method. Altogether, seven arch models were evaluated, consisting of coniferous and hardwoods, with properties defined according to the strength classes of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190. The subroutines were written in MATLAB to solve the system of nonlinear equations and perform the analysis, including the graphical representation of the results and configurations of the trussed arch. Internal loads and displacements were obtained, in addition to the instability loads of the trussed arches. It was found that the instability load of the arch made with the stiffest hardwood (D60) was approximately equal to 700% of the instability load of the C20 coniferous class and equivalent to 257.8% of the D20 hardwood class-related load. It was verified that the modulus of elasticity significantly influences the nonlinear geometric behavior of the timber trussed arch. Furthermore, the nonlinear geometric analysis allowed calculating more accurate parameters and the verification of the stability of the structural system.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000010
Jullyanna Nair de Carvalho, M. Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, R. G. Rodrigues, A. Fontana, Daniel Salgado Pifano
ABSTRACT This study aimed to prospect, among the species that grow spontaneously in compacted landfills, native Caatinga plants with potential for ground cover in extremely impacted areas, with exposed soil. Initially, a general floristic survey was carried out in the four study areas. To prospect the species, data referring to the richness, coverage, and densification of plants in the herbaceous stratum were collected in each study area, using the method of plots. The selection was based on species-specific characteristics: origin, plant habit, life cycle, propagation, dispersion syndrome, coverage, densification, and allelopathic effect. The general floristic inventory revealed the presence of 73 species belonging to 63 genera and 26 botanical families. In the survey of the coverage and densification of the herbaceous stratum, 33 species belonging to 32 genera and 16 families were found, being the most representative: Fabaceae (5), Malvaceae (5), and Poaceae (5). As for the origin, 26 are native, one is naturalized, and six are exotic, of which 66.6% are in the Poaceae family. Moreover, most of these species are herbs, with an annual life cycle, dissemination through seeds, and present autochoric dispersion. The coverage and densification of these species ranged from 0.44% to 9.5% of the area and 1 to 4.44 of individuals/m2, respectively. The species Senna uniflora, Rhaphiodon echinus, Sida galheirensis, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Hexasepalum teres, Waltheria rotundifolia, Trianthema portulacastrum, and Herissantia crispa showed potential for use in recovery plans for degraded areas based on the results presented by each of them in the parameters analyzed, especially in coverage, densification, dispersion syndrome, and life cycle.
{"title":"NATIVE CAATINGA SPECIES FOR THE RECOVERY OF DEGRADED AREAS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION","authors":"Jullyanna Nair de Carvalho, M. Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, R. G. Rodrigues, A. Fontana, Daniel Salgado Pifano","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to prospect, among the species that grow spontaneously in compacted landfills, native Caatinga plants with potential for ground cover in extremely impacted areas, with exposed soil. Initially, a general floristic survey was carried out in the four study areas. To prospect the species, data referring to the richness, coverage, and densification of plants in the herbaceous stratum were collected in each study area, using the method of plots. The selection was based on species-specific characteristics: origin, plant habit, life cycle, propagation, dispersion syndrome, coverage, densification, and allelopathic effect. The general floristic inventory revealed the presence of 73 species belonging to 63 genera and 26 botanical families. In the survey of the coverage and densification of the herbaceous stratum, 33 species belonging to 32 genera and 16 families were found, being the most representative: Fabaceae (5), Malvaceae (5), and Poaceae (5). As for the origin, 26 are native, one is naturalized, and six are exotic, of which 66.6% are in the Poaceae family. Moreover, most of these species are herbs, with an annual life cycle, dissemination through seeds, and present autochoric dispersion. The coverage and densification of these species ranged from 0.44% to 9.5% of the area and 1 to 4.44 of individuals/m2, respectively. The species Senna uniflora, Rhaphiodon echinus, Sida galheirensis, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Hexasepalum teres, Waltheria rotundifolia, Trianthema portulacastrum, and Herissantia crispa showed potential for use in recovery plans for degraded areas based on the results presented by each of them in the parameters analyzed, especially in coverage, densification, dispersion syndrome, and life cycle.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000034
F. M. Moreira, C. D. S. Braulio, Ângela Santos de Jesus Cavalcante dos Anjos, Janildes de Jesus da Silva, J. M. A. Rocabado, R. Nóbrega
ABSTRACT The addition of adequate proportions of organic residues to formulate substrates with soil, render positive results on germination and seedling growth by providing benefits to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Determining an adequate proportion of such residues is essential to obtain seedlings exhibiting morphophysiological quality. This study aims to evaluate seed emergence and the development of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz and Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings in organic substrates. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design arranged in 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two soil classes (Oxisol and Entisol), three types of organic substrate (COP (organic compost from tree pruning + cattle and goat manure), CLU (urban waste compost), RES (residue from the extraction of sisal fiber) and five percentages of organic residues (0, 20, 40, 60, 80). The percentage of emergence and emergence speed of seeds, plant height, number of leaves, root length and dry mass were determined. The species showed better results for these variables when adding organic residues to the substrate. The addition of 80% COP or CLU to the substrate provided higher mean values for percentage of emergence in seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and the substrate constituted by only soil provided higher dry mass in seedlings of this species. The combination of 50% COP and 50% soil (Oxisol and Entisol) resulted in higher means for the percentage of seed emergence, velocity of emergence and biomass production in Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000022
D. Bernardy, Luana de Campos de Jesus, M. M. Ziembowicz, E. B. Weiler, J. A. D. Farias
ABSTRACT The implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) on properties that have family farming is an alternative to diversify land use, to acquire more than one production good, and diversify income generation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the financial viability and quantify the volume of the forest component in an SPS with a spacing of 3.0 m x 20.0 m for multiple uses, carried out at 4 years of age for a 16-year rotation. For the analysis of financial viability, we used project analysis criteria such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for a 16-year horizon with rate benchmarks interest rate of 3%, 4.5% and 10%. Based on the financial analysis criteria, the tree component of the system is viable, as it presented an NPV greater than zero, IRR exceeding the minimum attractiveness rate and BCR greater than 1 for all rates analyzed. The estimated production of the forest component was 257.28 m3/ha in 16 years. Thus, it can be concluded that the forest component in the arrangement of 3.0 m x 20.0 m at 16 years of age, provides a financial return for the small rural property. Therefore, it is a system that brings several economic and environmental advantages, optimizing the use of land, diversifying the production of the small property, generating income, bringing benefits to the reduction of methane gas (CH4) emissions, and assists in carbon sequestration (CO2).
在拥有家庭农业的土地上实施森林牧养系统(SPS)是使土地利用多样化、获得多种生产产品和使收入多样化的另一种选择。因此，本研究的目的是评价一个人工林的经济可行性，并量化一个人工林的森林组成部分的体积，该人工林的间距为3.0米× 20.0米，用于多种用途，在4岁时进行，轮作16年。为了分析财务可行性，我们使用了项目分析标准，如:净现值(NPV)，内部收益率(IRR)和效益成本比(BCR)，基准利率为3%，4.5%和10%，为期16年。根据财务分析标准，该系统的树组件是可行的，因为其NPV大于零，IRR超过最小吸引力率，并且所分析的所有利率的BCR大于1。16年森林部分的估计产量为257.28立方米/公顷。因此，可以得出结论，在16岁时，3.0 m x 20.0 m的森林组成部分为小型农村财产提供了经济回报。因此，它是一个具有多项经济和环境优势的系统，可以优化土地利用，使小物业的生产多样化，产生收入，减少甲烷气体(CH4)排放，并有助于碳封存(CO2)。
{"title":"PRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY IN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM IN SMALL RURAL PROPERTY","authors":"D. Bernardy, Luana de Campos de Jesus, M. M. Ziembowicz, E. B. Weiler, J. A. D. Farias","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) on properties that have family farming is an alternative to diversify land use, to acquire more than one production good, and diversify income generation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the financial viability and quantify the volume of the forest component in an SPS with a spacing of 3.0 m x 20.0 m for multiple uses, carried out at 4 years of age for a 16-year rotation. For the analysis of financial viability, we used project analysis criteria such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for a 16-year horizon with rate benchmarks interest rate of 3%, 4.5% and 10%. Based on the financial analysis criteria, the tree component of the system is viable, as it presented an NPV greater than zero, IRR exceeding the minimum attractiveness rate and BCR greater than 1 for all rates analyzed. The estimated production of the forest component was 257.28 m3/ha in 16 years. Thus, it can be concluded that the forest component in the arrangement of 3.0 m x 20.0 m at 16 years of age, provides a financial return for the small rural property. Therefore, it is a system that brings several economic and environmental advantages, optimizing the use of land, diversifying the production of the small property, generating income, bringing benefits to the reduction of methane gas (CH4) emissions, and assists in carbon sequestration (CO2).","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000013
J. O. Silva, F. Galvão, Ana Carolina da Silva, P. Higuchi
ABSTRACT Although species are continually exposed to variations in climate over time, there is growing concern about the accelerated pace of climate change to which they are currently exposed, as climate is determinant in the geographic distribution of animals and plants. This study evaluated the climatic niche and impact of climate change in the 2061-2080 period on areas of occurrence of indicator tree species of alluvial forests in the south-central portion of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Pampa. Nineteen climatic variables were considered for the contemporary and future climates. The species’ climatic niches were modeled using the Maxent algorithm. Climatic adequacy for species in the Parana-Uruguay group was strongly influenced by variables related to temperature, while adequacy for species in the Atlantic group was related to rainfall and temperature. A decrease in the area of climatic adequacy is estimated for most species considered, with similar behavior in the two groups assessed. The species tend to occupy a more southern position, using areas of higher altitude, latitude and proximity to the Brazilian coast as climate refuges, highlighting these areas as strategic for environmental conservation.
{"title":"TREE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST AND PAMPA ALLUVIAL FORESTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"J. O. Silva, F. Galvão, Ana Carolina da Silva, P. Higuchi","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820220000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although species are continually exposed to variations in climate over time, there is growing concern about the accelerated pace of climate change to which they are currently exposed, as climate is determinant in the geographic distribution of animals and plants. This study evaluated the climatic niche and impact of climate change in the 2061-2080 period on areas of occurrence of indicator tree species of alluvial forests in the south-central portion of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Pampa. Nineteen climatic variables were considered for the contemporary and future climates. The species’ climatic niches were modeled using the Maxent algorithm. Climatic adequacy for species in the Parana-Uruguay group was strongly influenced by variables related to temperature, while adequacy for species in the Atlantic group was related to rainfall and temperature. A decrease in the area of climatic adequacy is estimated for most species considered, with similar behavior in the two groups assessed. The species tend to occupy a more southern position, using areas of higher altitude, latitude and proximity to the Brazilian coast as climate refuges, highlighting these areas as strategic for environmental conservation.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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