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ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SUFFICIENCY IN A FAMILY FARMING PRODUCTION CHAIN 家庭农业生产链的能源充足性分析
4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820230000014
Pábulo Diogo de Souza, Tiago Luiz Badin, Débora Luana Pasa, Mariane Carrion Ximendes, Jorge Antonio de Farias
ABSTRACT The value chains that compose family farming constitute several economic activities relevant to the Brazilian economy. The tobacco sector stands out for its financial aspect but also its environmental appeal. For this reason, it has been giving special attention to the sustainability of the production process, including the energy efficiency of tobacco drying, where forest biomass is used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of forest production and consumption by tobacco producers. The applied methodology was based on the inventory of the producers’ forests and the Brazilian Association of Tobacco Growers’ database. It was estimated that the sector’s forestry base, comprised of the seven VTPR (Virginia tobacco-producing regions), had a total of 116,103.05 ha of Eucalyptus forest plantations. It is possible to observe that the forest structure is deregulated in both areas. The PR – Southeast, SC – North Plateau, SC – Alto Vale, and RS – Costa Doce regions showed a firewood deficit. The regions SC – Coast, and RS – Central Depression presented an oversupply of forest biomass. There is energy self-sufficiency for tobacco production for some of the VTPR. However, the scenarios showed a firewood deficit in part of the regions. Thus, results show that it is necessary to implement strategic plans to achieve energy self-sufficiency for the sector.
组成家庭农业的价值链构成了与巴西经济相关的几项经济活动。烟草行业的突出之处不仅在于其财政方面,还在于其对环境的吸引力。因此,它一直特别注意生产过程的可持续性,包括烟草干燥的能源效率,其中森林生物量被用作可再生能源。因此,这项工作的目的是对烟草生产者的森林生产和消费进行诊断。所采用的方法以生产者森林清单和巴西烟草种植者协会的数据库为基础。据估计,该部门的林业基地由七个弗吉尼亚烟草生产区组成,总共有116 103.05公顷桉树林种植园。可以观察到,这两个地区的森林结构都解除了管制。PR -东南、SC -北高原、SC -阿尔托谷和RS -科斯塔多塞地区出现柴火亏缺。南海岸和南中部洼地的森林生物量呈供过于求的趋势。一些VTPR的烟草生产能源自给自足。然而,这些情景显示,部分地区出现了柴火短缺。因此,结果表明,有必要实施战略计划,以实现能源自给自足的部门。
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引用次数: 0
WOOD AND CHARCOAL QUALITY IN THE SELECTION OF Eucalyptus spp. CLONES AND Corymbia torelliana X Corymbia citriodora FOR STEEL INDUSTRY 钢铁工业用桉树无性系和山茅和柠檬山茅选材中的木材和木炭质量
4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820230000022
Lawrence Pires de Oliveira, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, Letícia Costa Peres, Iara Fontes Demuner, Sukarno Olavo Ferreira, Sérgio Antônio Fernandes, Fernanda de Jesus Jorge
ABSTRACT Wood from planted forests is the main input in the charcoal production chain. However, the heterogeneity of charcoal, in terms of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and the low yield in production processes is among the main problems faced by industries. To select the best clones for the production of charcoal for steelmaking, the objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of wood, in addition to the yield and quality of charcoal from different genotypes of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Five clones of Eucalyptus spp., 8 years old and one of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, 4 years old were studied. In the wood were determined the basic density, structural chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), crystallinity index and higher heating value. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle oven, with a total time of 270 minutes, starting at 150°C and ending at 450°C. The gravimetric yield, apparent density, higher heating value and proximate analysis of charcoal were determined. The wood basic density varied between 477 and 652 kg/m3, with the highest value observed for the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone. This clone also had the highest total lignin content (32.6%), the highest charcoal yield (36.3%) and charcoal with the highest apparent density (466 kg/m3). The two clones of Eucalyptus urophylla had the highest heating value for charcoal, whose mean was 7545 kcal/kg. The clone of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, having an apparent density greater than 500 kg/m3 at 4 years of age, stood out in terms of productivity. All evaluated clones have potential for charcoal production, however, the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone stood out positively, being the most suitable for charcoal production.
来自人工林的木材是木炭生产链的主要投入物。然而,木炭在物理、化学和机械性能方面的不均匀性以及生产过程中的低收率是工业面临的主要问题之一。为了选择最佳的无性系用于生产炼钢用木炭,本研究的目的是评估不同基因型桉树和山茅的木材特性,以及木炭的产量和质量。以桉树(Eucalyptus spp.) 5个8岁无性系和1个4岁无性系(Corymbia torelliana x citriodora)为研究对象。在木材中分别测定了基本密度、结构化学成分、热重分析(TG/DTG)、结晶度指数和较高热值。碳化在马弗烤箱中进行,总时间为270分钟,从150°C开始到450°C结束。测定了炭的重收率、表观密度、高热值和近似分析值。木材基本密度在477 ~ 652 kg/m3之间变化,以蓝桉无性系最高。该无性系总木质素含量最高(32.6%),木炭产量最高(36.3%),木炭表观密度最高(466 kg/m3)。尾叶桉无性系对木炭的热值最高,平均值为7545 kcal/kg。在4岁时,torelliana × citriodora Corymbia无性系的表观密度大于500 kg/m3,在产量方面表现突出。所有评价的无性系均具有生产木炭的潜力,但尤加利无性系表现突出,最适合生产木炭。
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引用次数: 0
STATISTICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS AND PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS AROUND THE WORLD 世界范围内社会经济指标与自然保护区的统计相关性
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000001
Ricardo Elói de Araújo, Helder Antônio da Silva, Geraldo Majela Moraes Salvio
ABSTRACT Protected natural areas are important for nature conservation. Nevertheless, some critiques point out that establishing and managing these areas may inhibit socioeconomic development and generate poverty. However, this strategy has presented varying results since some studies show positive effects on human development. The use of development indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product, the Human Development Index, the Gini Index, and the World Happiness Index can favor the understanding of how PNA management and goals may influence human development. This study aimed to correlate the existence of protected natural areas registered in the World Database on Protected Areas with the variables Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Gini Index, and World Happiness Index of each country involved in the research. The correlations were tested for 145 countries through a non-parametric Spearman test. The correlation between the Gross Domestic Product and protected natural area percentage was positive yet nonsignificant. The correlation between the Human Development Index and protected natural area percentage was positive and significant. As for the correlation between the Gini Index and protected natural area percentage, it was negative although non-significant. Regarding the correlation between the World Happiness Index and protected natural area percentage, it was also negative but non-significant These results are possibly due to situational differences among the countries assessed. It is suggested that future studies such as this one be carried out by economically similar countries or regions to better elucidate the links between protected natural areas and socioeconomic development.
自然保护区是自然保护的重要组成部分。然而,一些批评指出,建立和管理这些地区可能会抑制社会经济发展并产生贫困。然而,由于一些研究显示了对人类发展的积极影响,这种策略产生了不同的结果。使用国内生产总值、人类发展指数、基尼指数和世界幸福指数等发展指标有助于理解PNA管理和目标如何影响人类发展。本研究旨在将世界保护区数据库中登记的自然保护区的存在与参与研究的各国的国内生产总值、人类发展指数、基尼指数和世界幸福指数等变量联系起来。通过非参数斯皮尔曼检验,对145个国家的相关性进行了检验。国内生产总值与自然保护区面积百分比呈正相关,但不显著。人类发展指数与自然保护区面积百分比呈显著正相关。基尼指数与自然保护区面积百分比呈负相关,但不显著。关于世界幸福指数与自然保护区面积百分比之间的相关性,也是负的,但不显著。这些结果可能是由于评估国家之间的情况差异。建议今后在经济上相似的国家或地区开展类似的研究,以更好地阐明自然保护区与社会经济发展之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Vatairea SP WOOD 含水率对瓦泰莱木材物理机械性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000006
H. Ruthes, F. Mascarenhas, Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares, V. Aquino, F. Arroyo, I. F. Fraga, A. Christoforo, F. Lahr
ABSTRACT The recent interest in constructing high and robust wooden structures has stimulated the investigation of physical and mechanical properties as well as their correlation with other important parameters of the material of tropical species like the Vatairea sp., whose popular name is angelim-amargoso, used especially in roof structures with large spans. The Brazilian Standard for wood constructions recommends using linear models to correct or estimate the strength and/or stiffness of wood correlated with moisture content and also provides the classification of hardwoods according to their characteristic strength. However, because wood is a natural, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material, certain properties may not be affected by significant differences in moisture content. Therefore, in this study, the influence of moisture content on fifteen physical and mechanical properties of Vatairea sp. wood was investigated through its characterization. The tests were carried out on 12 specimens for each property and two groups: with the moisture content of 12% and at the fiber saturation point. The Anderson-Darling test was performed to verify the results’ normality and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the influence of moisture content on these properties. In addition, the wood was classified according to the strength classes of the Brazilian Standard, and the strength and stiffness were estimated according to the linear models proposed by the same norm. The estimated results were compared with the experimental ones through the difference calculation and percentual error of the values. It was concluded that most properties were not affected by the moisture content, and the most significant errors obtained in the estimates were for properties that were significantly influenced by the moisture content.
近年来,人们对建造高大而坚固的木结构的兴趣刺激了对热带物种(如Vatairea sp.,其通俗名称为angelimi -amargoso)等材料的物理和机械性能及其与其他重要参数的相关性的研究,这些物种尤其用于大跨度的屋顶结构。巴西木结构标准建议使用线性模型来校正或估计与含水率相关的木材的强度和/或刚度,并根据其特征强度对硬木进行分类。然而,由于木材是一种天然的、不均匀的和各向异性的材料,某些特性可能不会受到含水量显著差异的影响。因此,在本研究中,通过表征,研究了水分含量对Vatairea sp.木材15种物理力学性能的影响。试验分为两组:含水率为12%和纤维饱和点两种,每种性能12个。采用Anderson-Darling检验验证结果的正态性,并采用方差分析(ANOVA)分析含水量对这些性能的影响。此外,根据巴西标准的强度等级对木材进行分类,并根据同一规范提出的线性模型对木材的强度和刚度进行估计。通过差值计算和值的百分比误差,将估计结果与实验结果进行了比较。得出的结论是,大多数性能不受水分含量的影响,估计中获得的最大误差是受水分含量显著影响的性能。
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引用次数: 1
EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL SHADING AND IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATER ON THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan PLANTS 人工遮荫和微咸水灌溉对花椰菜初期发育的影响伯南植物
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000007
L. Pinho, C. Lacerda, J. A. D. Sousa, Alisson Moura Santos, A. Bezerra, E. Cavalcante, J. R. D. S. Sales
ABSTRACT The use of management strategies or changes in the cultivation environment can reduce the impacts of irrigation water salinity on plant development. Therefore, in this research, physiological responses, initial growth, and plant quality of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Angico Branco) were evaluated under different levels of shading and electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, seeking to identify the most favorable conditions for the development of this species using brackish water. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with split plots and four replications. The plots were formed by four environments with different shading levels: 0 (full sun), 30, 50, and 70%, and the subplots, formed by five increasing levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water: 0.4, 1.6, 2.8, 4.0, and 5.2 dS.m−1. The following variables were evaluated: substrate electrical conductivity, leaf gas exchange, plant height, biomass production, and Dickson quality index at 40 days in a nursery. The use of artificial shading favored plant development and photosynthesis rate, even when irrigated with moderate and high salinity water. The DQI showed that A. colubrina plants presented higher quality index when produced under intermediate shading (30% and 50%), with yield losses below 20% when irrigated with water with electrical conductivity up to 2.8 dS.m−1.
利用管理策略或改变栽培环境可以降低灌溉水盐度对植物发育的影响。因此,在本研究中,本研究主要对桔黄(Anadenanthera colubrina)的生理反应、初始生长和植株品质进行了研究。在不同的遮阳和电导率灌溉水条件下,对布兰科(Angico Branco)进行了评价,寻求在微咸水中确定该物种发育的最有利条件。试验采用随机分组,分图进行,重复4次。这些地块由四种不同遮阳水平的环境组成:0(全日照)、30、50和70%,而子地块则由灌溉水电导率增加的五种水平组成:0.4、1.6、2.8、4.0和5.2 dS.m−1。评估了以下变量:基质电导率、叶片气体交换、株高、生物量产量和Dickson质量指数。使用人工遮荫有利于植物的发育和光合速率,即使灌溉中高盐度的水也是如此。DQI结果表明,在中等遮荫条件下(30%和50%)生产时,毛刺植株的品质指数较高,电导率高达2.8 dS.m−1的水灌溉时,产量损失在20%以下。
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引用次数: 2
INFLUENCE OF THE TIMBER ELASTIC MODULUS ON THE GEOMETRIC NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TRUSS ARCHES 木材弹性模量对桁架拱几何非线性结构分析的影响
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000008
Thiago Damasceno Silva, A. Christoforo, T. Panzera, J. C. Molina, F. Lahr
ABSTRACT In this work, it was numerically evaluated the influence of the modulus of elasticity parallel to the wood grain on the stability of trussed arches considering a nonlinear geometric analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This approach was carried out according to a positional formulation of the FEM, considering the structural nodes as main variables of the nonlinear equations system, whose resolution was obtained using the Newton-Raphson method. Altogether, seven arch models were evaluated, consisting of coniferous and hardwoods, with properties defined according to the strength classes of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190. The subroutines were written in MATLAB to solve the system of nonlinear equations and perform the analysis, including the graphical representation of the results and configurations of the trussed arch. Internal loads and displacements were obtained, in addition to the instability loads of the trussed arches. It was found that the instability load of the arch made with the stiffest hardwood (D60) was approximately equal to 700% of the instability load of the C20 coniferous class and equivalent to 257.8% of the D20 hardwood class-related load. It was verified that the modulus of elasticity significantly influences the nonlinear geometric behavior of the timber trussed arch. Furthermore, the nonlinear geometric analysis allowed calculating more accurate parameters and the verification of the stability of the structural system.
本文采用基于有限元的非线性几何分析方法,对平行于木纹的弹性模量对桁架拱稳定性的影响进行了数值计算。该方法基于有限元的位置表达式,将结构节点作为非线性方程组的主要变量,采用牛顿-拉夫逊方法求解。总共评估了七种拱门模型,包括针叶树和硬木,其性能根据巴西标准ABNT NBR 7190的强度等级定义。在MATLAB中编写了求解非线性方程组的子程序并进行了分析,包括结果的图形表示和桁架拱的构型。除了桁架拱的失稳载荷外,还获得了内部载荷和位移。结果表明,最硬硬木(D60)制成的拱的失稳荷载约等于C20针叶树类失稳荷载的700%,相当于D20硬木类失稳荷载的257.8%。验证了弹性模量对木桁架拱的非线性几何性能有显著影响。此外,非线性几何分析可以计算更精确的参数和验证结构系统的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
NATIVE CAATINGA SPECIES FOR THE RECOVERY OF DEGRADED AREAS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION 巴西半干旱区退化地区恢复的原生caatinga种
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000010
Jullyanna Nair de Carvalho, M. Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, R. G. Rodrigues, A. Fontana, Daniel Salgado Pifano
ABSTRACT This study aimed to prospect, among the species that grow spontaneously in compacted landfills, native Caatinga plants with potential for ground cover in extremely impacted areas, with exposed soil. Initially, a general floristic survey was carried out in the four study areas. To prospect the species, data referring to the richness, coverage, and densification of plants in the herbaceous stratum were collected in each study area, using the method of plots. The selection was based on species-specific characteristics: origin, plant habit, life cycle, propagation, dispersion syndrome, coverage, densification, and allelopathic effect. The general floristic inventory revealed the presence of 73 species belonging to 63 genera and 26 botanical families. In the survey of the coverage and densification of the herbaceous stratum, 33 species belonging to 32 genera and 16 families were found, being the most representative: Fabaceae (5), Malvaceae (5), and Poaceae (5). As for the origin, 26 are native, one is naturalized, and six are exotic, of which 66.6% are in the Poaceae family. Moreover, most of these species are herbs, with an annual life cycle, dissemination through seeds, and present autochoric dispersion. The coverage and densification of these species ranged from 0.44% to 9.5% of the area and 1 to 4.44 of individuals/m2, respectively. The species Senna uniflora, Rhaphiodon echinus, Sida galheirensis, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Hexasepalum teres, Waltheria rotundifolia, Trianthema portulacastrum, and Herissantia crispa showed potential for use in recovery plans for degraded areas based on the results presented by each of them in the parameters analyzed, especially in coverage, densification, dispersion syndrome, and life cycle.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:本研究旨在寻找在土壤暴露的极端受影响地区自然生长的原生Caatinga植物。首先,在四个研究区进行了植物区系调查。采用样地法,对各研究区草本层植物的丰富度、覆盖度和密度等数据进行了采集。选择的依据是种特异性特征:来源、植物习性、生活期、繁殖、分散综合征、盖度、密度和化感效应。植物区系调查结果显示,共有植物26科63属73种。在草本层盖度和密度调查中,共发现16科32属33种,最具代表性的是豆科(5科)、锦葵科(5科)和禾本科(5科)。来源方面,本地26种,归化1种,外来6种,其中禾科占66.6%。此外,这些物种大多是草本植物,具有一年生周期,通过种子传播,并表现出自适应的分散。盖度为0.44% ~ 9.5%,密度为1 ~ 4.44个/m2。综合各参数分析结果,单叶泻泻、棘皮草、野田菊、藜草、藜草、圆叶草、圆叶草、马齿苋和黑蕊草在退化区恢复计划中具有一定的应用潜力,特别是在覆盖度、密度、分散综合征和生活期方面。
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引用次数: 1
SEED EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. SW. AND Cassia grandis L. F. IN ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 山参种子的发生与发育。有机基质中的桂花
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000034
F. M. Moreira, C. D. S. Braulio, Ângela Santos de Jesus Cavalcante dos Anjos, Janildes de Jesus da Silva, J. M. A. Rocabado, R. Nóbrega
ABSTRACT The addition of adequate proportions of organic residues to formulate substrates with soil, render positive results on germination and seedling growth by providing benefits to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Determining an adequate proportion of such residues is essential to obtain seedlings exhibiting morphophysiological quality. This study aims to evaluate seed emergence and the development of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz and Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings in organic substrates. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design arranged in 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two soil classes (Oxisol and Entisol), three types of organic substrate (COP (organic compost from tree pruning + cattle and goat manure), CLU (urban waste compost), RES (residue from the extraction of sisal fiber) and five percentages of organic residues (0, 20, 40, 60, 80). The percentage of emergence and emergence speed of seeds, plant height, number of leaves, root length and dry mass were determined. The species showed better results for these variables when adding organic residues to the substrate. The addition of 80% COP or CLU to the substrate provided higher mean values for percentage of emergence in seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and the substrate constituted by only soil provided higher dry mass in seedlings of this species. The combination of 50% COP and 50% soil (Oxisol and Entisol) resulted in higher means for the percentage of seed emergence, velocity of emergence and biomass production in Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings.
添加适当比例的有机残留物与土壤形成基质,通过提供土壤的物理和化学属性的好处,对发芽和幼苗生长产生积极的结果。确定适当比例的这些残留物是必不可少的,以获得幼苗表现形态生理质量。本研究的目的是评价紫腹沙属植物(Caesalpinia pulcherrima, L.)的种子萌发和发育。有机基质下的紫花和决明子幼苗。试验采用2 × 3 × 5因子全随机设计,包括2种土壤(Oxisol和Entisol)、3种有机基质(COP(树木修剪后的有机堆肥+牛羊粪)、CLU(城市垃圾堆肥)、RES(剑麻纤维提取后的残留物)和5种有机残留物(0,20,40,60,80)。测定种子出苗率和出苗率、株高、叶数、根长和干质量。当基质中添加有机残留物时,这些变量的结果更好。在基质中添加80%的COP或CLU,可提供更高的种子出苗率平均值,且仅由土壤构成的基质可提供更高的幼苗干质量。50% COP和50%土壤(Oxisol和Entisol)的组合在决明子种子出苗率、出苗率和生物量产量方面具有较高的平均值。
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引用次数: 0
PRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY IN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM IN SMALL RURAL PROPERTY 小农农牧制度的生产与财务可行性
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000022
D. Bernardy, Luana de Campos de Jesus, M. M. Ziembowicz, E. B. Weiler, J. A. D. Farias
ABSTRACT The implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) on properties that have family farming is an alternative to diversify land use, to acquire more than one production good, and diversify income generation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the financial viability and quantify the volume of the forest component in an SPS with a spacing of 3.0 m x 20.0 m for multiple uses, carried out at 4 years of age for a 16-year rotation. For the analysis of financial viability, we used project analysis criteria such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for a 16-year horizon with rate benchmarks interest rate of 3%, 4.5% and 10%. Based on the financial analysis criteria, the tree component of the system is viable, as it presented an NPV greater than zero, IRR exceeding the minimum attractiveness rate and BCR greater than 1 for all rates analyzed. The estimated production of the forest component was 257.28 m3/ha in 16 years. Thus, it can be concluded that the forest component in the arrangement of 3.0 m x 20.0 m at 16 years of age, provides a financial return for the small rural property. Therefore, it is a system that brings several economic and environmental advantages, optimizing the use of land, diversifying the production of the small property, generating income, bringing benefits to the reduction of methane gas (CH4) emissions, and assists in carbon sequestration (CO2).
在拥有家庭农业的土地上实施森林牧养系统(SPS)是使土地利用多样化、获得多种生产产品和使收入多样化的另一种选择。因此,本研究的目的是评价一个人工林的经济可行性,并量化一个人工林的森林组成部分的体积,该人工林的间距为3.0米× 20.0米,用于多种用途,在4岁时进行,轮作16年。为了分析财务可行性,我们使用了项目分析标准,如:净现值(NPV),内部收益率(IRR)和效益成本比(BCR),基准利率为3%,4.5%和10%,为期16年。根据财务分析标准,该系统的树组件是可行的,因为其NPV大于零,IRR超过最小吸引力率,并且所分析的所有利率的BCR大于1。16年森林部分的估计产量为257.28立方米/公顷。因此,可以得出结论,在16岁时,3.0 m x 20.0 m的森林组成部分为小型农村财产提供了经济回报。因此,它是一个具有多项经济和环境优势的系统,可以优化土地利用,使小物业的生产多样化,产生收入,减少甲烷气体(CH4)排放,并有助于碳封存(CO2)。
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引用次数: 1
TREE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST AND PAMPA ALLUVIAL FORESTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE 气候变化背景下大西洋森林和潘草原冲积林的树种
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820220000013
J. O. Silva, F. Galvão, Ana Carolina da Silva, P. Higuchi
ABSTRACT Although species are continually exposed to variations in climate over time, there is growing concern about the accelerated pace of climate change to which they are currently exposed, as climate is determinant in the geographic distribution of animals and plants. This study evaluated the climatic niche and impact of climate change in the 2061-2080 period on areas of occurrence of indicator tree species of alluvial forests in the south-central portion of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Pampa. Nineteen climatic variables were considered for the contemporary and future climates. The species’ climatic niches were modeled using the Maxent algorithm. Climatic adequacy for species in the Parana-Uruguay group was strongly influenced by variables related to temperature, while adequacy for species in the Atlantic group was related to rainfall and temperature. A decrease in the area of climatic adequacy is estimated for most species considered, with similar behavior in the two groups assessed. The species tend to occupy a more southern position, using areas of higher altitude, latitude and proximity to the Brazilian coast as climate refuges, highlighting these areas as strategic for environmental conservation.
随着时间的推移,物种持续暴露于气候变化中,但由于气候在动植物的地理分布中起着决定性作用,人们越来越关注它们目前所暴露的气候变化的加速速度。本文评价了2061-2080年气候变化对大西洋森林中南部和巴西潘帕草原冲积林指示树种分布区的生态位和影响。19个气候变量被考虑为当代和未来的气候。该物种的气候生态位是用Maxent算法建模的。巴拉圭-乌拉圭类群物种的气候适足性受到与温度有关的变量的强烈影响,而大西洋类群物种的气候适足性则与降雨和温度有关。据估计,所考虑的大多数物种的气候适宜性面积都有所减少,所评估的两组物种的行为相似。该物种倾向于占据更南部的位置,利用海拔更高、纬度更高、靠近巴西海岸的地区作为气候避难所,强调这些地区对环境保护具有战略意义。
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