Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.97253
José Álvarez-Pérez, Milena Mesa Lavista, Jorge Humberto Chávez-Gómez, Bernardo Tadeo Terán-Torres, Román Hermosillo-Mendoza, Diego Cavazos de Lira
Many dwellings in the world are built using confined masonry walls. Confinement is achieved by tie-columns and bond beams of reinforced concrete. These tie columns are traditionally reinforced by using closed-loop ties. In this paper, a new type of ties for tie columns is presented: strapping spiral ties. These strapping ties are compared against traditional ties by a three-dimensional micro-numerical model and the experimental behavior of short tie columns. This study resulted in an improvement in the compressive strength, in the degree of confinement of the concrete, and in the efficiency of tie-columns with strapping spiral ties. In addition, an increase in the stiffness at the unloading stage was also obtained.
{"title":"Strapping Spiral Ties for Short Tie-Columns in Confined Masonry Walls Using a Micro-Numerical Model","authors":"José Álvarez-Pérez, Milena Mesa Lavista, Jorge Humberto Chávez-Gómez, Bernardo Tadeo Terán-Torres, Román Hermosillo-Mendoza, Diego Cavazos de Lira","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.97253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.97253","url":null,"abstract":"Many dwellings in the world are built using confined masonry walls. Confinement is achieved by tie-columns and bond beams of reinforced concrete. These tie columns are traditionally reinforced by using closed-loop ties. In this paper, a new type of ties for tie columns is presented: strapping spiral ties. These strapping ties are compared against traditional ties by a three-dimensional micro-numerical model and the experimental behavior of short tie columns. This study resulted in an improvement in the compressive strength, in the degree of confinement of the concrete, and in the efficiency of tie-columns with strapping spiral ties. In addition, an increase in the stiffness at the unloading stage was also obtained.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136006583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.99197
Diana M. Matta-Diaz, Sebastian Rivera-Pardo, Xian Liu, Yun Bai
Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, has experienced a critical situation regarding its public transport and road network condition. Unfortunately, the city has lacked an analytical long-term evaluation with regard to transport planning and infrastructure that is able to meet the growing demand. The metro system has been planned for more than half a century, and the existing soil investigations have not been fully used to evaluate the feasibility of building a metro in Bogotá’s subsoil. In order to estimate the construction viability of an underground system in the city, the authors studied the ground conditions along the alignment of Metro Line 1, as proposed in 2014. This research brought forward the stratigraphic profile of the first 6,6 km of the alignment. The ground displacements induced by tunneling were estimated by means of a finite element analysis, and the results are presented in this paper along with their significance. The results forecast surface settlements lower than 10 mm, showing that the condition and strength of the soil are suitable for underground metro construction. However, soil consolidation and appropriate monitoring during and after tunneling should be taken under consideration for the sake of the project’s success.
{"title":"Soil Conditions and Shield Tunneling Viability for Bogotá Metro Line 1","authors":"Diana M. Matta-Diaz, Sebastian Rivera-Pardo, Xian Liu, Yun Bai","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.99197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.99197","url":null,"abstract":"Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, has experienced a critical situation regarding its public transport and road network condition. Unfortunately, the city has lacked an analytical long-term evaluation with regard to transport planning and infrastructure that is able to meet the growing demand. The metro system has been planned for more than half a century, and the existing soil investigations have not been fully used to evaluate the feasibility of building a metro in Bogotá’s subsoil. In order to estimate the construction viability of an underground system in the city, the authors studied the ground conditions along the alignment of Metro Line 1, as proposed in 2014. This research brought forward the stratigraphic profile of the first 6,6 km of the alignment. The ground displacements induced by tunneling were estimated by means of a finite element analysis, and the results are presented in this paper along with their significance. The results forecast surface settlements lower than 10 mm, showing that the condition and strength of the soil are suitable for underground metro construction. However, soil consolidation and appropriate monitoring during and after tunneling should be taken under consideration for the sake of the project’s success.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"382 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136006584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.101200
María Alejandra Guzmán-Pardo, Liz Karen Herrera-Quintero
The Department of Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) has a rich and complex history, which is inexorably linked to the convulsed history of Colombia. This article seeks to give visibility to the participation and historical contributions of women in the growth and development of the Department of Engineering throughout its 161 years of existence, as well as to recognize their contributions with the names of their protagonists, in order to honor their struggles and achievements in favor of women's rights in the country. This article also shows data and testimonials that reflect the significant gender gaps that still persist in the Department, it characterizes the women who are part of the academic community in their roles as students, professors, researchers, and directors, it lists the actions undertaken as institutional policies for closing gender gaps, and it proposes future measures to be implemented.
{"title":"Women at the Faculty of Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Campus: History, Present, and Future","authors":"María Alejandra Guzmán-Pardo, Liz Karen Herrera-Quintero","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.101200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.101200","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) has a rich and complex history, which is inexorably linked to the convulsed history of Colombia. This article seeks to give visibility to the participation and historical contributions of women in the growth and development of the Department of Engineering throughout its 161 years of existence, as well as to recognize their contributions with the names of their protagonists, in order to honor their struggles and achievements in favor of women's rights in the country. This article also shows data and testimonials that reflect the significant gender gaps that still persist in the Department, it characterizes the women who are part of the academic community in their roles as students, professors, researchers, and directors, it lists the actions undertaken as institutional policies for closing gender gaps, and it proposes future measures to be implemented.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136244534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-20DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89671
Daniel F Medina, D. Martin, C. López, L. García, S. Aguilar, Ximena V Jaramillo, D. Rosado, Adriana Lucia Garcia Lopez
Zeolite X was synthesized from clay using the alkaline fusion method and hydrothermal treatment to remove Pb(II) in aqueous solutions. Clay and zeolite were characterized through X-ray diffraction and fluorescence (XRD, FRX), as well as through specific surface area (SSA). The adsorbents were prepared as cylindrical extrudates using clay and a clay-zeolite combination (60-40%, respectively). The effects of pH, isotherm, and adsorption kinetics on the removal of Pb(II) in solutions of 80 mg Pb(II)/L were studied. It was possible to obtain a zeolite X from clay, with an SSA of 376 m2/g, 30 times greater than that of clay (12 m2/g). In the combined extrudate was present the zeolitic structure, with an SSA 12 times higher compared to the clay extrudate. The adsorption capacity, at 30 ◦C and V/m ratio of 1 g/L, is almost double compared to the clay extrudate (24 mg Pb(II)/g vs. 13 mg Pb(II)/g). Adsorption follows second order kinetics, and the Langmuir isotherm equation showed a good fit with the experimental equilibrium data for the two extrudates. The Webber-Morris and Bangham-Burt’s models suggest that pore and film diffusion influence the kinetic mechanism.
{"title":"Removal of Pb(II) in Aqueous Solutions Using Synthesized Zeolite X from Ecuadorian Clay","authors":"Daniel F Medina, D. Martin, C. López, L. García, S. Aguilar, Ximena V Jaramillo, D. Rosado, Adriana Lucia Garcia Lopez","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89671","url":null,"abstract":"Zeolite X was synthesized from clay using the alkaline fusion method and hydrothermal treatment to remove Pb(II) in aqueous solutions. Clay and zeolite were characterized through X-ray diffraction and fluorescence (XRD, FRX), as well as through specific surface area (SSA). The adsorbents were prepared as cylindrical extrudates using clay and a clay-zeolite combination (60-40%, respectively). The effects of pH, isotherm, and adsorption kinetics on the removal of Pb(II) in solutions of 80 mg Pb(II)/L were studied. It was possible to obtain a zeolite X from clay, with an SSA of 376 m2/g, 30 times greater than that of clay (12 m2/g). In the combined extrudate was present the zeolitic structure, with an SSA 12 times higher compared to the clay extrudate. The adsorption capacity, at 30 ◦C and V/m ratio of 1 g/L, is almost double compared to the clay extrudate (24 mg Pb(II)/g vs. 13 mg Pb(II)/g). Adsorption follows second order kinetics, and the Langmuir isotherm equation showed a good fit with the experimental equilibrium data for the two extrudates. The Webber-Morris and Bangham-Burt’s models suggest that pore and film diffusion influence the kinetic mechanism.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74404375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86758
Nancy Elena Hamid Betancur, Maria C. Torres-Madronero
In Colombia, engineering is an unattractive field for women. As of 2018, 63,7% of undergraduate engineering graduates were men, and only 36,3% were women. This gap has not changed significantly between 2001 and 2018. This paper analyzes the gap between women and men who obtain undergraduate or graduate engineering degrees in Colombia. The analysis is based on data from the Labor Observatory for Education (OLE) and the National Information System for Higher Education (SNIES) between 2001 to 2018, and it is presented according to degree levels (undergraduate, master and Ph.D.), regions, specific fields of engineering, and salary. The data show a clear difference between the number of women and men graduating from engineering programs at all levels. This gap disappears in programs related to environmental, biomedical, and chemical engineering, where more than 50% of the graduates are women; but, in programs such as electrical, electronic, and mechanical engineering, the gap is more critical, with less than 20% of women’s representation. To propose public policies or national programs to improve this situation, this paper also presents a review of international initiatives that have succeeded in improving the representation of women in engineering programs.
{"title":"The Gender Gap in Engineering Programs in Colombia","authors":"Nancy Elena Hamid Betancur, Maria C. Torres-Madronero","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86758","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, engineering is an unattractive field for women. As of 2018, 63,7% of undergraduate engineering graduates were men, and only 36,3% were women. This gap has not changed significantly between 2001 and 2018. This paper analyzes the gap between women and men who obtain undergraduate or graduate engineering degrees in Colombia. The analysis is based on data from the Labor Observatory for Education (OLE) and the National Information System for Higher Education (SNIES) between 2001 to 2018, and it is presented according to degree levels (undergraduate, master and Ph.D.), regions, specific fields of engineering, and salary. The data show a clear difference between the number of women and men graduating from engineering programs at all levels. This gap disappears in programs related to environmental, biomedical, and chemical engineering, where more than 50% of the graduates are women; but, in programs such as electrical, electronic, and mechanical engineering, the gap is more critical, with less than 20% of women’s representation. To propose public policies or national programs to improve this situation, this paper also presents a review of international initiatives that have succeeded in improving the representation of women in engineering programs.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76701554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86742
Sócrates Muñoz, Angel Antonio Ruiz Pico, Juan Manuel Anton Perez, Dandy B. Roca-Loayza
The objective of this research is to determine the real deflection of a concrete joist and correlate the result with theoretical deflection, which is based on a stress vs. deformation model which was proposed by Mander et al. (1988) for monotonic loads of reinforced and non-reinforced concrete. The construction of a concrete joist does not result in a 100% homogenous, isotropic, and linearly elastic element, since its production depends on many conditions, such as aggregate selection, water, cement manufacturing, tests performed for mixture design, the operator in charge of the mixture, and the construction of the joist. Therefore, research was carried out on the variation of real reflection with respect to theoretical calculations. To this effect, 30 simple-concrete and 30 reinforced-concrete joists were elaborated. They were tested by measuring their maximum deflection and comparing it to its theoretical counterpart. To calculate the theoretical deflection, a curvature moment diagram was elaborated with the Rect_Mom software by Restrepo and Rodríguez (2012), which uses the model by Mander et al. (1988). Experimental results showed a greater deflection than the one reported by theoretical calculations.
{"title":"Comparative study of theoretical and real deflection of a simple and reinforced concret joist","authors":"Sócrates Muñoz, Angel Antonio Ruiz Pico, Juan Manuel Anton Perez, Dandy B. Roca-Loayza","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.86742","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to determine the real deflection of a concrete joist and correlate the result with theoretical deflection, which is based on a stress vs. deformation model which was proposed by Mander et al. (1988) for monotonic loads of reinforced and non-reinforced concrete. The construction of a concrete joist does not result in a 100% homogenous, isotropic, and linearly elastic element, since its production depends on many conditions, such as aggregate selection, water, cement manufacturing, tests performed for mixture design, the operator in charge of the mixture, and the construction of the joist. Therefore, research was carried out on the variation of real reflection with respect to theoretical calculations. To this effect, 30 simple-concrete and 30 reinforced-concrete joists were elaborated. They were tested by measuring their maximum deflection and comparing it to its theoretical counterpart. To calculate the theoretical deflection, a curvature moment diagram was elaborated with the Rect_Mom software by Restrepo and Rodríguez (2012), which uses the model by Mander et al. (1988). Experimental results showed a greater deflection than the one reported by theoretical calculations.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77294616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.84539
R. Serrato
Value stream mapping (VSM) is a method to identify waste and activities that do not add value. One of its main disadvantages is that the parameters used in the process and material flows are deterministic. The motivation of this research is to improve the reliability of the estimation of the lead time in VSM, transitioning from a static model to a dynamic model that incorporates uncertainty and imprecision in the data, as well as to develop a novel dynamic and fuzzy value stream mapping (DFVSM) based on integrating system dynamics and fuzzy logic. One of the main contributions of this research is to develop a fuzzy system in the same system dynamics interface that incorporates uncertainty and vagueness to the efficiency and effectiveness percentage variable (OEE%) to increase the reliability of the delivery time planning. The stages of DFVSM are explicitly described and applied to real data for a textile company in southern Guanajuato. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model was integrated which identifies the critical factors for the delivery of the order, and achievable times were proposed for the delivery times of the supplier and the client, thus reducing the expected delivery time by 28%. One of the relevant conclusions of this work is that, to plan the lead time of an order, the uncertainty of the main parameters such as supplier and customer shipping times be considered to satisfy the customer.
{"title":"A Novel Dynamic and Fuzzy Value Stream Mapping (DFVSM): System Dynamics and Fuzzy Logic Integration","authors":"R. Serrato","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.84539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.84539","url":null,"abstract":"Value stream mapping (VSM) is a method to identify waste and activities that do not add value. One of its main disadvantages is that the parameters used in the process and material flows are deterministic. The motivation of this research is to improve the reliability of the estimation of the lead time in VSM, transitioning from a static model to a dynamic model that incorporates uncertainty and imprecision in the data, as well as to develop a novel dynamic and fuzzy value stream mapping (DFVSM) based on integrating system dynamics and fuzzy logic. One of the main contributions of this research is to develop a fuzzy system in the same system dynamics interface that incorporates uncertainty and vagueness to the efficiency and effectiveness percentage variable (OEE%) to increase the reliability of the delivery time planning. The stages of DFVSM are explicitly described and applied to real data for a textile company in southern Guanajuato. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model was integrated which identifies the critical factors for the delivery of the order, and achievable times were proposed for the delivery times of the supplier and the client, thus reducing the expected delivery time by 28%. One of the relevant conclusions of this work is that, to plan the lead time of an order, the uncertainty of the main parameters such as supplier and customer shipping times be considered to satisfy the customer.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86046409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.82530
J. Herrera, Y. A. Deaquiz, Ximena Rozo-Romero
Plums are classified as a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate between the end of their development and the start of the ripening process, thus making it necessary to apply techniques to preserve the organoleptic characteristics required for the product to have good market acceptance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest maturity (states 2, 3, 4, and 5) and storage temperature (2, 4, and 18 °C) on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality and postharvest storage duration of ‘Horvin’ plums. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor corresponded to the stage of maturity, and the second one to refrigeration temperatures, for a total of 12 treatments. Every three or four days, fruit peel color, accumulated mass loss, respiratory intensity, firmness, pH, total titratable acidity, and total soluble solids were measured every during storage. Measurements were taken until the fruits lost their organoleptic quality. For most of the measured variables, the fruits stored at 2 °C and harvested in maturity stage 5 maintained the best postharvest quality during storage. The fruits without refrigeration only reached 10 days, while the fruits stored at 4 °C and 2 °C maintained quality of consumption for 24 and 31 days, respectively. Maturity stage 5 presented the highest values of accumulated mass loss, pH, total soluble solids, color index, maturity index, and respiratory intensity.
{"title":"Effect of storage temperature and maturity stage on the postharvest period of ‘Horvin’ plums (Prunus domestica L.)","authors":"J. Herrera, Y. A. Deaquiz, Ximena Rozo-Romero","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.82530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.82530","url":null,"abstract":"Plums are classified as a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate between the end of their development and the start of the ripening process, thus making it necessary to apply techniques to preserve the organoleptic characteristics required for the product to have good market acceptance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest maturity (states 2, 3, 4, and 5) and storage temperature (2, 4, and 18 °C) on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality and postharvest storage duration of ‘Horvin’ plums. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor corresponded to the stage of maturity, and the second one to refrigeration temperatures, for a total of 12 treatments. Every three or four days, fruit peel color, accumulated mass loss, respiratory intensity, firmness, pH, total titratable acidity, and total soluble solids were measured every during storage. Measurements were taken until the fruits lost their organoleptic quality. For most of the measured variables, the fruits stored at 2 °C and harvested in maturity stage 5 maintained the best postharvest quality during storage. The fruits without refrigeration only reached 10 days, while the fruits stored at 4 °C and 2 °C maintained quality of consumption for 24 and 31 days, respectively. Maturity stage 5 presented the highest values of accumulated mass loss, pH, total soluble solids, color index, maturity index, and respiratory intensity.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77093625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84467
A. Romero, M. Piovan, C. Mainetti, Darío Stechina, Sandra M. Mendoza, H. Martin, Norberto C Maggi
This work aims to evaluate and compare variations of a methodology for performing tensile tests on thermoplastic specimens constructed by additive manufacturing technologies (AMT) with filament deposition modeling (FDM). The testing procedures of pieces made in FDM machines do not yet have any conclusive standards because 3D printing, as a disruptive and exponentially growing technology, has not allowed enough time to reach a definitive scientific consensus. Nowadays, testing standards for injected thermoplastic parts or laminated composites are employed as substitutes with careful implementation. A comparative study was carried out on the elasticity modulus, determined within the framework of the same standard but with different measuring devices and testing machines. These machines cover a broad range from professional automated high precision machines to lab and specialized machines. Sets of 3D-printed specimens with identical manufacturing parameters were constructed in a commercial 3D printer. An analysis of variance was performed in order to evaluate the consistency and significance of experimental data for the same polymer, considering the machine type and its corresponding setup. From the experimental data, it is concluded that, with the due care, all evaluated testing setups can reach comparable results, especially in the absence of sophisticated and expensive measuring systems.
{"title":"Tensile Properties of 3D Printed Polymeric Pieces: Comparison of Several Testing Setups","authors":"A. Romero, M. Piovan, C. Mainetti, Darío Stechina, Sandra M. Mendoza, H. Martin, Norberto C Maggi","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84467","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to evaluate and compare variations of a methodology for performing tensile tests on thermoplastic specimens constructed by additive manufacturing technologies (AMT) with filament deposition modeling (FDM). The testing procedures of pieces made in FDM machines do not yet have any conclusive standards because 3D printing, as a disruptive and exponentially growing technology, has not allowed enough time to reach a definitive scientific consensus. Nowadays, testing standards for injected thermoplastic parts or laminated composites are employed as substitutes with careful implementation. A comparative study was carried out on the elasticity modulus, determined within the framework of the same standard but with different measuring devices and testing machines. These machines cover a broad range from professional automated high precision machines to lab and specialized machines. Sets of 3D-printed specimens with identical manufacturing parameters were constructed in a commercial 3D printer. An analysis of variance was performed in order to evaluate the consistency and significance of experimental data for the same polymer, considering the machine type and its corresponding setup. From the experimental data, it is concluded that, with the due care, all evaluated testing setups can reach comparable results, especially in the absence of sophisticated and expensive measuring systems.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.85825
Le Zhao, Shaohua Luo, Guanci Yang, Jun Li
In this paper, we propose an accelerated adaptive backstepping control algorithm based on the type-2 sequential fuzzy neural network (T2SFNN) for the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope with dead-zone and constraints. Firstly, the mathematical model of the MEMS gyroscope is established to perform dynamical analyses and controller design. Then, the phase diagrams and Lyapunov exponents are presented to reveal its chaotic oscillation, which is harmful to system stability. In order to suppress oscillations derived from chaos and dead-zone, an accelerated adaptive backstepping controller is proposed wherein an adaptive auxiliary is established to compensate the influence of nonsymmetric dead-zone on stability performance, along with the T2SFNN designed to approximate unknown functions of dynamic systems. Furthermore, the speed function is introduced to accelerate convergence speed of the control system, and the problem of complex term explosion in traditional backstepping is successfully solved by a second-order tracking differentiator. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can guarantee asymptotic convergence of all signals in the closed-loop system, as well as satisfying states constraints and fulfilling the purposes of chaos suppression and accelerated convergence.
{"title":"Accelerated Adaptive Backstepping Control of the Chaotic MEMS Gyroscope by Using the Type-2 Sequential FNN","authors":"Le Zhao, Shaohua Luo, Guanci Yang, Jun Li","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.85825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.85825","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an accelerated adaptive backstepping control algorithm based on the type-2 sequential fuzzy neural network (T2SFNN) for the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope with dead-zone and constraints. Firstly, the mathematical model of the MEMS gyroscope is established to perform dynamical analyses and controller design. Then, the phase diagrams and Lyapunov exponents are presented to reveal its chaotic oscillation, which is harmful to system stability. In order to suppress oscillations derived from chaos and dead-zone, an accelerated adaptive backstepping controller is proposed wherein an adaptive auxiliary is established to compensate the influence of nonsymmetric dead-zone on stability performance, along with the T2SFNN designed to approximate unknown functions of dynamic systems. Furthermore, the speed function is introduced to accelerate convergence speed of the control system, and the problem of complex term explosion in traditional backstepping is successfully solved by a second-order tracking differentiator. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can guarantee asymptotic convergence of all signals in the closed-loop system, as well as satisfying states constraints and fulfilling the purposes of chaos suppression and accelerated convergence.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78822278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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