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Disección carotídea espontánea: Presentación de un caso clínico con revisión de la literatura 自发性颈动脉夹层:病例报告和文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.6.04
María Fernanda Manzo-Suárez, Rodrigo Daniel Rodríguez- Pérez, Roberto B. Coránguez-Capistrán, Luis A. Rodríguez-Palomares, Eduardo Mercado-Cruz
Introduction: Carotid dissection consists of a tear in the vessel wall. It is a rare pathology, but it is the most common cause of ischemic cerebral vascular disease (CVD) in people under 45 years of age. The clinical manifestations are very variable. Method: We used CARE recommendations for reporting clinical cases. Clinical case: Previously, a healthy 45-year-old man with acute weakness of the right thoracic extremity without apparent cause. The simple skull tomography did not show any alterations. MRI showed complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery in all its segments and decreased flow of the left middle cerebral artery. The clinical evolution was unfavorable. Conclusion: Carotid dissection should be suspected in people with CVD without cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: Carotid artery; spontaneous carotid dissection; acute ischemic stroke; emergency medicine; interventional radiology
导言颈动脉夹层包括血管壁撕裂。它是一种罕见的病理现象,但却是 45 岁以下人群缺血性脑血管病(CVD)最常见的病因。临床表现非常多变。方法:我们采用 CARE 建议报告临床病例。临床病例:此前,一名 45 岁的健康男性无明显诱因出现急性右胸肢无力。简单头颅断层扫描未显示任何改变。核磁共振成像显示颈内动脉全段完全闭塞,左侧大脑中动脉血流减少。临床表现不佳。结论无心血管危险因素的心血管疾病患者应怀疑颈动脉夹层。关键词颈动脉;自发性颈动脉夹层;急性缺血性脑卒中;急诊医学;介入放射学
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引用次数: 0
Trombosis venosa mesentérica y portal como causa infrecuente de obstrucción e isquemia intestinal en paciente joven. Reporte de un caso 肠系膜和门静脉血栓是一名年轻患者肠梗阻和缺血的罕见病因。病例报告
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.6.05
Manuel Aguilar Jaramillo, Jaqueline Vanessa Rodríguez Vázquez, Gabriela Margarita Gavilanes Salazar, Mischele Vladimir Bello Dircio, Luis Cruz Benítez, Cristina Grado Limas, Daniel Nazario Cruz
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia is associated with a mortality rate between 50% and 100%; the rarest cause of this is venous thrombosis of the mesenteric (5%) and portal (1%) vessels. The clinical manifestations are diverse, with abdominal pain being the main symptom. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast in the portal phase is the most accurate image for diagnosis. Treatment in the acute phase is based on anticoagulation, intravenous fluids, prophylactic antibiotics, intestinal rest, and decompression. Damage control laparotomy, including bowel resection and open abdomen, may ultimately be warranted for patients with bowel necrosis and sepsis.
急性肠系膜缺血的死亡率在50%到100%之间;最罕见的病因是肠系膜(5%)和门静脉(1%)的静脉血栓。临床表现多种多样,腹痛是主要症状。门静脉期静脉注射造影剂的计算机断层扫描是最准确的诊断图像。急性期的治疗以抗凝治疗、静脉输液、预防性抗生素、肠道休息和减压为主。对于肠坏死和败血症患者,最终可能需要进行损伤控制开腹手术,包括肠切除和开腹。
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引用次数: 0
El endotelio sano y su disfunción en el riesgo cardiovascular 心血管风险中的健康内皮及其功能障碍
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.6.07
Adriana González-Villalva, Guadalupe Morales-Ricardes, Marcela Rojas-Lemus, Patricia Bizarro-Nevares, Nelly López-Valdez, Martha Ustarroz-Cano, María Isabel García-Peláez, María Eugenia Cervantes- Valencia, Shamir Mendoza-Martínez, José Ángel Salgado-Hernández, Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez, Teresa I. Fortoul van der Goes
The endothelium is a monolayer of flatten cells named endothelial cells that form the inner layer of the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels. Its function is not just as a barrier, but it is a regulator of vascular permeability and tone, hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. This review is about the general aspects of vascular endothelium and endothelial dysfunction that leads to increased vascular risk. Activation and dysfunction are discussed, considering the endothelialactivation as a self-limiting process, necessary to promote inflammation and hemostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological process in which the endothelium loses its ability for self-regulation and acquires a prothrombotic and proinflammation phenotype. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step for atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk, so the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are reviewed. As basic knowledge about endothelium increases, preventive or therapeutic measures can be designed as treatment or prevention the risk of its dysfunction. Key words: Healthy endothelium; activation; endothelial; endothelial dysfunction; cardiovascular risk; atherosclerosis.
内皮细胞是一种单层扁平细胞,名为内皮细胞,它构成了心脏、血液和淋巴管的内层。它的功能不仅是一道屏障,还是血管通透性和张力、止血、炎症和血管生成的调节器。本综述涉及血管内皮的一般方面以及导致血管风险增加的内皮功能障碍。文章讨论了活化和功能障碍,认为内皮活化是一个自我限制的过程,是促进炎症和止血所必需的。内皮功能障碍是一个病理过程,在这一过程中,内皮失去了自我调节能力,并获得了促血栓形成和促炎症的表型。内皮功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化和心血管风险增加的第一步,因此本文对内皮功能障碍的主要生物标志物进行了综述。随着对内皮的基本了解的增加,可以设计预防或治疗措施,以治疗或预防其功能障碍的风险。关键字健康内皮;活化;内皮;内皮功能障碍;心血管风险;动脉粥样硬化。
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引用次数: 0
Estatinas, una alternativa en el tratamiento de la COVID-19 他汀类药物,治疗 COVID-19 的一种替代方法
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.6.02
Jared González-Escandón, Diego Ordaz-Mayoral, Verónica Pablo-Mancilla, Alberto Vargas-Morales, Rodrigo Miranda-Zamora, Juan C. Díaz-Zagoya
Statins are widely used to control cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia, which helps prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition to controlling endogenous cholesterol synthesis, statins have diverse pleiotropic effects, such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) causes a cytokine storm that contributes to the generation of acute respiratory syndrome, which can lead to severe symptoms of this disease and even the death of the patient. Various studies carried out on patients with COVID-19 who received statins, before or during the disease, registered less severe symptoms, shorter hospital stays and lower mortality. The benefit of statins in COVID-19 should be explored more widely, as they can potentially contribute to the control of this pandemic that has devastated humanity. Keywords: Statins; COVID-19; inflammatory mediators; ator¬vastatin.
他汀类药物被广泛用于控制高胆固醇血症患者的胆固醇水平,有助于预防心血管疾病。除了控制内源性胆固醇合成外,他汀类药物还具有多种多效应,如抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节特性。由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒(COVID-19)引起的疾病会导致细胞因子风暴,进而引发急性呼吸系统综合征,导致严重的疾病症状,甚至导致患者死亡。对 COVID-19 患者进行的多项研究显示,在发病前或发病期间服用他汀类药物的患者症状较轻,住院时间较短,死亡率较低。他汀类药物对COVID-19的益处应得到更广泛的探讨,因为它们有可能为控制这一肆虐人类的流行病做出贡献。 关键词:他汀类药物他汀类药物;COVID-19;炎症介质;阿托伐他汀。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnóstico de perfil de ingreso de la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano. Una experiencia de evaluación para la formación médica inicial. 外科医生学位入学概况的诊断。初步医学培训的评估经验。
Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.02
Germán E. Fajardo Dolci
The educational training of general practitioners is a permanent challenge for everyuniversity-level school system. The early detection of strengths and learning needs favorstimely and relevant action to support the academic trajectory of students and theachievement of a comprehensive training that benefits society. The Diagnosis of the Entry Profile of the Surgeon Degree of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico is a reflection of the conjunction of medical, educational and technological knowledge to achieve this goal.Keywords: Evaluation; diagnosis; admission profile; knowledge; English; vocational profile.
全科医生的教育培训是每个大学级别学校系统面临的一个永久性挑战。早期发现优势和学习需要积极和相关的行动来支持学生的学术轨迹和实现有益于社会的全面培训。墨西哥国立自治大学医学院外科医生学位入学档案的诊断反映了医学、教育和技术知识为实现这一目标的结合。关键词:评价;诊断;承认资料;知识;英语;职业形象。
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引用次数: 0
Alcohol abuse: a major invisible pandemic 酒精滥用:一种无形的大流行病
Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v71n2.110823
Miguel Cote-Menéndez
Between 2011 and 2021, the number of drug users increased by 23%, going from 240 million to 296 million.1 In this context, alcohol abuse is a risk factor for over 200 health disorders. According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the rate of alcohol use in the Americas is approximately 40% higher in the Americas than the global average, which means that this population consumes alcohol in a manner that is detrimental to their health. Therefore, among the numerous psychoactive substances available, alcohol is the main risk factor for burden of disease.2
2011年至2021年期间,吸毒人数增加了23%,从2.4亿增加到2.96亿在这方面,酗酒是200多种健康失调的一个危险因素。根据泛美卫生组织(泛美卫生组织)的数据,美洲的酒精使用率比全球平均水平高出约40%,这意味着该人群的饮酒方式对其健康有害。因此,在众多可用的精神活性物质中,酒精是造成疾病负担的主要危险因素
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引用次数: 0
La vasectomía en Colombia: algunos comentarios sobre la situación actual 哥伦比亚输精管结扎术:对现状的一些评论
Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v71n1.110582
Alejandro Fernández-Duque
Los derechos sexuales y reproductivos están protegidos en Colombia por la Constitución Política de 1991;1 por tanto, es responsabilidad del Estado garantizar su cumplimiento. Durante muchos años, a los profesionales de la salud nos costó trabajo entender esto y cuando un paciente entraba a consulta pidiéndonos un método anticonceptivo definitivo tratábamos de disuadirlo. No obstante, hemos aprendido que nuestra función en esta área es aconsejar y no crear barreras, ni imponer límites de edad o de número de hijos, pues tal como se estableció en la Ley 1412 de 2010,2 las personas tienen derecho a decidir libre y responsablemente el número de hijos que conformarán su familia o si no quieren ser padres, y por tanto se debe promover la ligadura de conductos deferentes o vasectomía y la ligadura de trompas uterinas y autorizar su realización de forma gratuita.
在哥伦比亚,性权利和生殖权利受到1991年《政治宪法》的保护;1因此,国家有责任确保这些权利得到遵守。多年来,卫生专业人员很难理解这一点,当病人来会诊要求我们采取明确的避孕措施时,我们试图劝阻他。但是我们知道,在这个地区推荐功能,而不是制造障碍,年龄限制或子女人数,因为正如成立于1412 2010,2人法律有权自由决定子女人数和负责任地conformarán或如果不想被父母家人,并因此应促进渠道输精管结扎或输精管结扎输精管,并授权开展免费。
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引用次数: 0
Haga su diagnóstico 做出诊断
Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.5.06
Juan Jesús Yáñez Camacho, Mariedel Trujeque-Matos, David Mendoza Ayala
Male patient, 3 years old age, with abdominal pain, sudden, predominantly in right hypochondrium, distension abdominal, nausea, and bowel movements in "currant jelly
患者男,3岁,腹痛,突发性,以右胁部为主,腹胀,恶心,大便呈“醋栗果冻”状
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引用次数: 0
El otro Ramón y Cajal 另一个ramon和Cajal
Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.5.07
Teresa I. Fortoul
Santiago Ramón y Cajal had a brother, Pedro who has been ignored by History, hidden under the enormous shadow of its famous relative but also due to his humble and modest character. Both were decreed by their parents to be doctors, a profession to which they would arrive not without first going through many adventures
Santiago Ramón y Cajal有一个兄弟Pedro,他一直被历史所忽视,隐藏在其著名亲戚的巨大阴影下,但也因为他的谦逊和谦虚的性格。他们的父母都规定他们要当医生,这是一个他们必须经历许多冒险才能到达的职业
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引用次数: 0
Intususcepción en adulto como complicación de un lipoma parietal intestinal. Reporte de caso 成人肠套叠是肠壁脂肪瘤的并发症。个案报告
Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.5.04
Leidi Johana Rodríguez Sotto, Emmanuel Francisco Murguía Lugo, Julián Andrés Bucheli Buesaco
Intussusception in adults is an extremely rare surgical clinical entity, its main etiology in this population is generally attri¬buted to malignant origin, benign pathology is less frequent and presents a challenge for pre-surgical diagnosis, since its presentation is non-specific and variable. Below is a clinical case that debuted with a clinical picture of intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant, manifesting exacerbation and non-specific laboratory tests, for which initially pathology of biliary origin was thought to be the reason for the pain, and therefore, an ultrasound of the liver and bile ducts was performed, observing signs suggestive of intussusception secondary to a lipoma, for which a simple abdominal tomography was performed to corroborate the diagnosis. Keywords: Adult; intestinal obstruction; computed tomography; intussusception; intestinal lipoma.
成人肠套叠是一种极其罕见的外科临床疾病,其主要病因在该人群中通常归因于恶性起源,良性病理较少,并且由于其表现非特异性和可变,因此对术前诊断提出了挑战。以下是一个临床病例,首次出现右上象限间歇性疼痛的临床图片,表现为恶化和非特异性实验室检查,最初认为胆道起源的病理是疼痛的原因,因此,对肝脏和胆管进行了超声检查,观察到提示继发于脂肪瘤的肠套叠的迹象,对此进行了简单的腹部断层扫描以证实诊断。关键词:成年人;肠梗阻;计算机断层扫描;肠套叠;肠道脂肪瘤。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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