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Hernia diafragmática congénita de presentación tardía. Reporte de caso con revisión de la literatura 先天性膈疝的晚期表现。病例报告及文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4.04
Valeria del Real-Machain, Luis Octavio Bolaños-Pano, Arianna Parra-Ibarraran, Eduardo Mercado-Cruz
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs when the diaphragm has a structural defect that allows the migration of abdominal organs into the chest cavity. It is called a ""late presentation"" when its diagnosis is within 30 days of being born. More than 60% of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are misdiagnosed. The most common misdiagnoses are pleural effusion, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumatocele, and lung abscess. We present the case of a 3-year-old female who attended the emergency room due to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, intolerance to the oral route, and respiratory distress. The chest X-Ray showed migration of the gastric chamber towards the thorax, displacement of the cardiac silhouette and the mediastinal structures to the right, and the tip of the nasogastric tube located in the left hemithorax. The doctors concluded a late presentation diaphragmatic hernia. The patient received surgical treatment, which was successful. This paper highlights the importance of suspecting the diagnosis of late-onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia when treating pediatric patients with respiratory distress without another apparent cause, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Key words: Late-onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia; respiratory distress syndrome; acute abdominal pain; pediatrics.
先天性膈疝是指横膈膜存在结构性缺陷,导致腹部器官迁移到胸腔内。如果诊断是在出生后30天内,则称为“晚期表现”。超过60%的先天性膈疝患者被误诊。最常见的误诊是胸腔积液、肺炎、气胸、气腹膨出和肺脓肿。我们报告一名3岁女童因腹痛、恶心、呕吐、不耐受口腔路径和呼吸窘迫而就诊于急诊室。胸部x线显示胃腔向胸腔移位,心脏廓形及纵隔结构向右移位,鼻胃管尖端位于左半胸。医生诊断为晚期膈疝。病人接受了手术治疗,手术很成功。本文强调在治疗无其他明显原因,如腹痛、恶心和呕吐的呼吸窘迫患儿时,怀疑诊断为晚发性先天性膈疝的重要性。【关键词】迟发性先天性膈疝;呼吸窘迫综合征;急性腹痛;儿科。
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引用次数: 0
Procesos para la rendición de cuentas en la Facultad de Medicina 医学学院的问责程序
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.21
Ignacio Villalba Espinosa
The accountability of the Faculty or School of Medicine is the legal obligation related to the information that the management team must make available to the academic community of the institution and society in general, regarding the management of resources and the assurance of the quality of processes and result in learning and academic productivity, in such a way that transparency standards are met. Based on the above, and through the Secretary of Planning and Institutional Development (SPDI), mechanisms for accountability are designed, implemented, and evaluated.The following accountability processes and mechanisms are carried out: Self-evaluation process for the Accreditation of the Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine and Surgery before the Mexican Council for the Accreditation of Medical Education (COMAEM A.C.); Reporting and participation in the publication of rankings (newspapers El Universal and Reforma); Annual Report of the Faculty of Medicine;Four-year Activities Report of the Scholl of Medicine; Matrix of Results Indicators (MIR); UNAM Memory. The School has the responsibility to be a reference both nationally and internationally and is committed to its pioneering role by disseminating this type of actions, as it encourages other higher education institutions to adopt accountability processes that they consider most suitable to their context.Keywords: Accountability; transparency; medical education; accreditation; UNAM.
学院或医学院的问责制是与管理团队必须向机构和整个社会的学术界提供的信息有关的法律义务,涉及资源管理和过程质量的保证,以及学习和学术生产力的结果,以达到透明度标准。在上述基础上,通过规划和体制发展部长(SPDI),设计、实施和评估问责机制。实施了以下问责程序和机制:在墨西哥医学教育认证委员会(COMAEM A.C.)面前进行医学和外科学士学位认证的自我评估程序;报道和参与排名的发布(《环球报》和《改革报》);医学院年度报告;医学院四年活动报告;结果指标矩阵;自治的记忆。学院有责任成为国内和国际的参考,并致力于通过传播这类行动来发挥先锋作用,因为它鼓励其他高等教育机构采用他们认为最适合其背景的问责制过程。关键词:责任;透明度;医学教育;认证;自治。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectiva docente frente a la transición de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje 教师对虚拟学习环境转型的看法
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.10
Irene Durante Montiel
Education in the world changed radically as consequence of the health emergency experienced in 2020; the confinement posed -among others- the challenge of urgently implementing digital tools to teach at a distance with the resources available up to that moment, and limited teacher training in these topics. This article explored, through a survey applied to 1,009 academics of the School of Medicine, their perception regarding the type of electronic devices, the quality of Internet connection and the use of electronic tolos they had at the beginning of the confinement, as well as their willingness to develop online classes and activities. The results show that less than half of the academics surveyed had previous experience in implementing distance classes; practically all of them agreed to train and teach their classes online. These results provide guidance on the general strengths and weaknesses that need to be addressed to enrich the preparation of academics in the teaching-learning processtowards a hybrid model.Keywords: Virtual modality; virtual learning environments; online classes; technological barriers in education; teaching practice in the health emergency.
由于2020年经历的卫生紧急情况,世界教育发生了根本变化;这种限制带来的挑战之一是,迫切需要利用目前可用的资源实施远程教学的数字工具,以及教师在这些主题方面的培训有限。本文通过对1009名医学院学者的调查,探讨了他们对电子设备的类型、互联网连接的质量和他们在禁闭之初所拥有的电子工具的使用情况的看法,以及他们开展在线课程和活动的意愿。结果显示,在接受调查的学者中,只有不到一半的人以前有过实施远程课程的经验;几乎所有人都同意在线培训和授课。这些结果为需要解决的一般优势和劣势提供了指导,以丰富学者在教学过程中对混合模型的准备。关键词:虚拟模态;虚拟学习环境;在线课程;教育中的技术壁垒;卫生应急教学实践。
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引用次数: 0
Tecnología y reflexión ética: binomio indisoluble en la educación médica contemporánea
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.09
Oscar Barrera Sánchez
The use of technology has implied an advance for human beings in the way of understanding the world. The relationships of the subjects with their environment and with others are transformed into dilemmas that challenge them before their own interaction with products, resources and technological tools. Medical education is one of these cases, which represents an opportunity for the complex training of health professionals, as well as a tension regarding the relationship between doctors and patients, from a humanistic perspective.Keywords: Technology; ethics; artificial intelligence; medical education; dilemma.
技术的使用意味着人类在理解世界的方式上取得了进步。在与产品、资源和技术工具互动之前,受试者与环境和他人的关系转变为挑战他们的困境。医学教育就是其中一种情况,它为保健专业人员的复杂培训提供了机会,同时也从人道主义的角度对医患关系产生了紧张。关键词:技术;道德规范;人工智能;医学教育;两难的境地。
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引用次数: 0
La función de las proteínas de choque térmico en las infecciones virales 热休克蛋白在病毒感染中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4.02
Sofía Olvera-Sánchez, Federico Martínez
Heat- shock proteins (HSP) were first described as a cell response to heat stress. However, over time, it has become clear they have multiple functions inside and outside cells, and that they actively participate in different physiological and pathological processes. They perform functions related to their cellular location or physiological moment, which is why they have been called multi-use proteins or “moonlighting proteins”. Furthermore, HSP activity is associated with different structural conformations, from peptides derived from them or as dimers or multimers, to mention a few. This article describes these functions and their relationship with the immune system, and their relationship with viral infection, particularly with inflammatory processes. Keywords: HSP; viral infection; COVID-19; immune system; inflammation processes.
热休克蛋白(HSP)最初被描述为细胞对热应激的反应。然而,随着时间的推移,人们已经清楚它们在细胞内外具有多种功能,并积极参与不同的生理和病理过程。它们执行与细胞位置或生理时刻相关的功能,这就是为什么它们被称为多用途蛋白质或“兼职蛋白质”。此外,热sp活性与不同的结构构象有关,从它们衍生的肽或作为二聚体或多聚体,仅举几例。本文描述了这些功能及其与免疫系统的关系,以及它们与病毒感染的关系,特别是与炎症过程的关系。关键词:上海;病毒感染;COVID-19;免疫系统;炎症过程。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluación de las asignaturas optativas en modalidad a distancia desde la mirada del estudiantado de la licenciatura de Médico Cirujano 从外科医生学位学生的角度对远程模式下的选修课进行评估
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.07
Lilia Macedo de la Concha
The educational model of the Open University and Distance Education System (SUAyED) is based on the generation of learning ecologies that consider environments, situations and contexts of activity different from the traditional ones, which offer opportunities to learn. The principles of this model are flexibility, adaptability, innovation, interaction and interactivity, distributed teaching, co-responsibility, continuous evaluation, humanism and sustainability, which are considered in the design of optional subjects in the distance modality (MOLIMOD). The technical and design aspects were evaluated through a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale, applied to students from the first to the fourth year of the Medical Doctor degree (MDD) who took any of these subjects. The results guide us to a positive perception from the students. The systematic evaluation allows constant improvement and shows that the students are satisfied with the design and implementation of MOLIMOD.Keywords: Medical education; evaluation; distance modality; optional subjects; didactic design.
开放大学和远程教育系统(SUAyED)的教育模式是基于学习生态的产生,它考虑了与传统环境不同的环境、情境和活动背景,提供了学习机会。这种模式的原则是灵活性、适应性、创新性、互动性和互动性、分布式教学、共同责任、持续评估、人性化和可持续性,这些原则在远程模式(MOLIMOD)的选修科目设计中得到了充分的考虑。技术和设计方面通过李克特式量表的问卷进行评估,该问卷适用于医学博士学位(MDD)一至四年级的学生,他们选修了这些科目中的任何一门。结果引导我们从学生那里获得积极的看法。通过系统的评价,学生对MOLIMOD的设计和实现感到满意。关键词:医学教育;评估;距离形态;可选的科目;教学设计。
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引用次数: 0
El vínculo entre el currículo y la docencia en el proceso de actualización del Plan de Estudios 2010 2010年课程更新过程中课程与教学的联系
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.03
Irene Durante Montiel
In a process of curricular evaluation and updating, it is important to account for the teacher’s artiopinion in relation to the challenges that the curriculum has implied for them, in such a way that it is possible to identify which elements of this require restructuring and which are the teacher training needs, in addition to the requirements to manage the educational process.This paper seeks to establish the link between the Surgeon degree curriculum and teaching practice, in order to identify some of the main problems faced by teachers and possible recommendations for updating the curriculum.Keywords: Teaching; didactics; curriculum; assessment and medical training.In a process of curricular evaluation and updating, it is important to account for the teacher’s artiopinion in relation to the challenges that the curriculum has implied for them, in such a way that it is possible to identify which elements of this require restructuring and which are the teacher training needs, in addition to the requirements to manage the educational process.This paper seeks to establish the link between the Surgeon degree curriculum and teaching practice, in order to identify some of the main problems faced by teachers and possible recommendations for updating the curriculum.Keywords: Teaching; didactics; curriculum; assessment and medical training.
在课程评价和更新的过程中,重要的是要考虑到教师对课程给他们带来的挑战的看法,以便能够确定其中哪些因素需要改组,哪些是教师培训的需要,以及管理教育过程的需要。本文试图建立外科学位课程与教学实践之间的联系,以确定教师面临的一些主要问题和更新课程的可能建议。关键词:教学;教学法;课程;评估和医疗培训。在课程评价和更新的过程中,重要的是要考虑到教师对课程给他们带来的挑战的看法,以便能够确定其中哪些因素需要改组,哪些是教师培训的需要,以及管理教育过程的需要。本文试图建立外科学位课程与教学实践之间的联系,以确定教师面临的一些主要问题和更新课程的可能建议。关键词:教学;教学法;课程;评估和医疗培训。
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引用次数: 0
Elección de pareja: implicaciones y complicaciones 选择伴侣:影响和并发症
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4.06
Mario Souza y Machorro
Human individualistic loneliness impels us to live as a couple and to achieve male/female complementarity, affection, and reciprocity. The scientific journalism of this article paraphrases the content of its bibliography when reviewing the choice of a partner, its satisfaction and complications and preventive instruction of circumstances that cause rupture. The flaw, since the election, ignores the mechanisms between reason and sexual instinct. The problem of love is not to be loved but to develop such a capacity, since maladjustment and monotony extinguishes it. The elector/chosen act and its simultaneous reasons are described: conscious (homogeneity/heterogeneity of the encounter; emulation of the animal model; type, link dynamics and social networks; sociodemographic aspects; geographic location and accessibility; sexual sharing and immediate/future expectations), and unconscious (election problems, dyadic interaction and parental history; defense mechanisms, exchange of dissociations; idealization; negative reciprocity, power struggle, projective identification, search for appreciation for the other; narcissism, false self, delay/avoidance mechanisms liability, insecurity, trespass and collusion). A healthy couple understands/attends to the creation and maintenance of ""we"", eliminates the power struggle and produces permanent conciliation. Agreement and tolerant understanding are essential for a satisfactory, stable, and lasting emotional relationship.Keywords: Choice of partner; conscious/unconscious reasons; “we”; power struggle; conciliation
人类个人主义的孤独促使我们像夫妻一样生活,实现男女互补、情感和互惠。本文的科学新闻在回顾伴侣的选择、满意度、复杂性和导致破裂的情况的预防性指导时,解释了参考书目的内容。自从选举以来,这个缺陷忽略了理性和性本能之间的机制。爱的问题不在于被爱,而在于培养这种能力,因为不适应和单调会扼杀这种能力。选民/被选中的行为及其同时发生的原因被描述为:有意识的(遭遇的同质性/异质性;动物模型的仿真;类型、链接动态和社交网络;社会人口方面;地理位置和可达性;性分享和近期/未来期望)和无意识(选举问题、二元互动和父母史;防御机制,离解交换;理想化;消极互惠,权力斗争,投射认同,寻求对他人的欣赏;自恋、虚假自我、延迟/回避机制、责任、不安全感、非法侵入和勾结)。健康的夫妻懂得创造和维护“我们”,消除权力斗争,产生永久的和解。一致和宽容的理解对于一段令人满意、稳定和持久的情感关系是必不可少的。关键词:合作伙伴选择;有意识/无意识的原因;“我们”;权力斗争;调解
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引用次数: 0
Programa Institucional de Tutoría Integral: nuevas estrategias de acompañamiento en la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano 机构综合辅导计划:外科医生学位的新伴随策略
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.4s.17
Germán E. Fajardo Dolci
The Tutoring programs in higher education have gained relevance as an educational strategy, oriented to the integral attention of students during their academic career, with the purpose of guiding them to achieve their academic and personal goals. In the case of the Faculty of Medicine, since the update of its Institutional Program of Integral Tutoring FM in 2018, it has sought to contribute to the integral training of students through four actions that implement the program: adaptation, study, academic performance and self-care. These axes have been worked through themodality of traditional academic tutoring, and through the implementation of two new modalities: peer tutoring (given by a student of more advanced years) and group tutoring (given by a teacher to a group). Both modalities are aimed at the population of first and second year as pedagogical strategies of accompaniment in their integral formation.Keywords: Tutoring; group tutoring; integral tutoring; peer tutors; accompaniment
在高等教育中,辅导课程作为一种教育策略,在学生的学术生涯中集中注意力,以指导他们实现学术和个人目标。就医学院而言,自2018年更新其综合辅导FM机构计划以来,它一直试图通过实施该计划的四项行动:适应、学习、学业成绩和自我照顾,为学生的综合培训做出贡献。这些轴是通过传统的学术辅导模式和两种新模式的实施来实现的:同伴辅导(由高年级的学生提供)和小组辅导(由老师对小组提供)。这两种模式都是针对一年级和二年级的学生,作为他们整体形成的伴奏教学策略。关键词:辅导;团体辅导;积分辅导;的同学;伴奏
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引用次数: 0
Logrando tus metas, la movilidad académica en la Facultad de Medicina 实现你的目标,医学院的学术流动性
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.22201/fm.24484865e.2022.66.4s.05
Irene Durante Monyiel
The objective of this article is to describe the improvement strategies that the UNAM School of Medicine (FacMed), through the MAVI (Academic Mobility and Interinstitutional Linkage Unit), has implemented throughout its administration from 2016 to 2022. The situation of mobility in the Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM is discussed, as well as the personal and institutional benefits derived from academic mobility. Although academic mobility is an expensive situation that requires financing, the FacMed generated strategies and accompaniment with which mobility processes were carried out in its community. In addition, the programs that were created during the COVID-19 pandemic are described, in response to the continuous needs for internationalization, all of them adapted to geographical mobility limitations, such as the Virtual Language Exchange, to generate bilingual practices. Likewise, the Meet&Greet in Health Science Internationalization Program, an event where students from the UNAM Faculty of Medicine met with students from other higher education institutions, to discuss various research topics in health sciences. It should be noted that academic mobility at FacMed is not exclusive to the student community, since some teachers were also advised to be part of the UNAM program of special activities for inter-institutional cooperation (PAECI), which facilitated their stay or travel. out of the country.Keywords: Academic mobility; internationalization; curriculum development; networks; higher education institutions.
本文的目的是描述墨西哥国立自治大学医学院(FacMed)通过MAVI(学术流动和机构间联系单位)在2016年至2022年的整个管理过程中实施的改进战略。讨论了墨西哥国立自治大学医学院的流动情况,以及学术流动给个人和机构带来的好处。虽然学术流动是一种昂贵的情况,需要资金,但FacMed制定了在其社区内开展流动进程的战略和配套措施。此外,还描述了在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间创建的项目,以应对持续的国际化需求,所有这些项目都适应了地理流动性的限制,例如虚拟语言交换,以产生双语实践。同样,在健康科学国际化项目中,墨西哥国立自治大学医学院的学生与来自其他高等教育机构的学生会面,讨论健康科学的各种研究课题。值得注意的是,FacMed的学术流动性并不仅限于学生群体,因为一些教师也被建议参加墨西哥国立自治大学机构间合作特别活动计划(PAECI),这有利于他们的住宿或旅行。在国外。关键词:学术流动;国际化;课程开发;网络;高等教育机构。
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引用次数: 0
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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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