Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2096921
J. Schumacher, Håvard Toft, J. Mclean, M. Hauglin, R. Astrup, J. Breidenbach
ABSTRACT The number of people affected by snow avalanches during recreational activities has increased over the recent years. An instrument to reduce these numbers are improved terrain classification systems. One such system is the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES). Forests can provide some protection from avalanches, and information on forest attributes can be incorporated into avalanche hazard models such as the automated ATES model (AutoATES). The objectives of this study were to (i) map forest stem density and canopy-cover based on National Forest Inventory and remote sensing data and, (ii) use these forest attributes as input to the AutoATES model. We predicted stem density and directly calculated canopy-cover in a 20 Mha study area in Norway. The forest attributes were mapped for 16 m × 16 m pixels, which were used as input for the AutoATES model. The uncertainties of the stem number and canopy-cover maps were 30% and 31%, respectively. The overall classification accuracy of 52 ski-touring routes in Western Norway with a total length of 282 km increased from 55% in the model without forest information to 67% when utilizing canopy cover. The F1 score for the three predicted ATES classes improved by 31%, 9%, and 6%.
摘要近年来，在娱乐活动中受雪崩影响的人数有所增加。减少这些数字的一个工具是改进的地形分类系统。一个这样的系统是雪崩地形暴露量表（ATES）。森林可以为雪崩提供一些保护，有关森林属性的信息可以纳入雪崩危险模型，如自动ATES模型（AutoATES）。本研究的目的是（i）根据国家森林调查和遥感数据绘制森林树干密度和冠层覆盖图，（ii）将这些森林属性用作AutoATES模型的输入。我们预测了挪威一个20 Mha研究区的树干密度并直接计算了冠层覆盖率。森林属性已映射为16 m × 16 m像素，这些像素被用作AutoATES模型的输入。树干数和冠层覆盖图的不确定性分别为30%和31%。挪威西部52条总长282公里的滑雪旅游路线的总体分类准确率从没有森林信息的模型中的55%提高到了利用树冠覆盖的67%。三个预测的ATES等级的F1分数分别提高了31%、9%和6%。
{"title":"The utility of forest attribute maps for automated Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES) modelling","authors":"J. Schumacher, Håvard Toft, J. Mclean, M. Hauglin, R. Astrup, J. Breidenbach","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2096921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2096921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The number of people affected by snow avalanches during recreational activities has increased over the recent years. An instrument to reduce these numbers are improved terrain classification systems. One such system is the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES). Forests can provide some protection from avalanches, and information on forest attributes can be incorporated into avalanche hazard models such as the automated ATES model (AutoATES). The objectives of this study were to (i) map forest stem density and canopy-cover based on National Forest Inventory and remote sensing data and, (ii) use these forest attributes as input to the AutoATES model. We predicted stem density and directly calculated canopy-cover in a 20 Mha study area in Norway. The forest attributes were mapped for 16 m × 16 m pixels, which were used as input for the AutoATES model. The uncertainties of the stem number and canopy-cover maps were 30% and 31%, respectively. The overall classification accuracy of 52 ski-touring routes in Western Norway with a total length of 282 km increased from 55% in the model without forest information to 67% when utilizing canopy cover. The F1 score for the three predicted ATES classes improved by 31%, 9%, and 6%.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"264 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41699855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2075448
V. gundersen, O. Vistad, Terje Skjeggedal
ABSTRACT Forest protection in nature reserves in Norway relies on the voluntary participation of forest owners. While the national forest protection program has been a success since its start in early 1990s, by 2020 the national forest protection authorities were only halfway to reaching their goal of protecting 10% all forest area. We examined attitudes towards forest protection in general and towards different protection modes using surveys of forest owners between 2003 and 2010. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive comparison between a random sample of forest owners (n = 647), forest owners who participated in voluntary conservation (n = 126) and forest owners involved in the government-led coniferous forest protection program (n = 142). Only about 10% of forest owners involved in voluntary protection processes are either quite or very unhappy with the process, while 75% of forest owners involved in government-led protection were either quite or very unhappy with the process. Moreover, forest owners who had experience with the voluntary protection program were largely satisfied with the results. We discuss forest owners’ attitudes to forest protection in general, and possible reasons for the differences in attitudes between compulsory protection and voluntary protection. We conclude that voluntary protection has great potential to fulfill the last 5% area goal for forest protection in Norway, with some improvements in the process.
{"title":"Forest owners’ perspectives on forest protection in Norway","authors":"V. gundersen, O. Vistad, Terje Skjeggedal","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2075448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2075448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest protection in nature reserves in Norway relies on the voluntary participation of forest owners. While the national forest protection program has been a success since its start in early 1990s, by 2020 the national forest protection authorities were only halfway to reaching their goal of protecting 10% all forest area. We examined attitudes towards forest protection in general and towards different protection modes using surveys of forest owners between 2003 and 2010. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive comparison between a random sample of forest owners (n = 647), forest owners who participated in voluntary conservation (n = 126) and forest owners involved in the government-led coniferous forest protection program (n = 142). Only about 10% of forest owners involved in voluntary protection processes are either quite or very unhappy with the process, while 75% of forest owners involved in government-led protection were either quite or very unhappy with the process. Moreover, forest owners who had experience with the voluntary protection program were largely satisfied with the results. We discuss forest owners’ attitudes to forest protection in general, and possible reasons for the differences in attitudes between compulsory protection and voluntary protection. We conclude that voluntary protection has great potential to fulfill the last 5% area goal for forest protection in Norway, with some improvements in the process.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"276 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42848793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26824
Michael Da Silva, Colleen M Flood, Anna Goldenberg, Devin Singh
This article analyzes whether Canada's present approach to regulating health-related artificial intelligence (AI) can address relevant safety-related challenges. Focusing primarily on Health Canada's regulation of medical devices with AI, it examines whether the existing regulatory approach can adequately address general safety concerns, as well as those related to algorithmic bias and challenges posed by the intersections of these concerns with privacy and security interests. It identifies several issues and proposes reforms that aim to ensure that Canadians can access beneficial AI while keeping unsafe products off Canadian markets and motivating safe, effective use of AI products for appropriate purposes and populations.
{"title":"Regulating the Safety of Health-Related Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Michael Da Silva, Colleen M Flood, Anna Goldenberg, Devin Singh","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26824","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes whether Canada's present approach to regulating health-related artificial intelligence (AI) can address relevant safety-related challenges. Focusing primarily on Health Canada's regulation of medical devices with AI, it examines whether the existing regulatory approach can adequately address general safety concerns, as well as those related to algorithmic bias and challenges posed by the intersections of these concerns with privacy and security interests. It identifies several issues and proposes reforms that aim to ensure that Canadians can access beneficial AI while keeping unsafe products off Canadian markets and motivating safe, effective use of AI products for appropriate purposes and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81352973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2085784
A. Jonsson, B. Elfving, K. Hjelm, T. Lämås, U. Nilsson
ABSTRACT The prevailing regeneration methods in Scandinavian countries are artificial regeneration methods including measures such as site preparation and planting. These measures are considered to be a part of a more intensive forest management and require an initial investment. The use of artificial regeneration measures can, however, increase the growth of a forest stand. In this study, the purpose was to investigate if such an investment is profitable by comparing three different intensity levels (low, medium and high) applied during the regeneration phase, with aspect on both economics (LEV, land expectation value) and growth (MAI, mean annual increment) after a full rotation. The forest stands used in this study were regenerated between 1984 and 1988 and the future growth of the stands was simulated using Heureka StandWise. It was clear that naturally regenerated (low intensity) stands resulted in better economics than stands actively regenerated (medium and high intensity). However, actively regenerated stands resulted in both higher volume production and growth, and the uncertainty of regeneration success was reduced using artificial regeneration measures. These factors are important when considering both the ongoing mitigation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and future access to raw material.
{"title":"Will intensity of forest regeneration measures improve volume production and economy?","authors":"A. Jonsson, B. Elfving, K. Hjelm, T. Lämås, U. Nilsson","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2085784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2085784","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The prevailing regeneration methods in Scandinavian countries are artificial regeneration methods including measures such as site preparation and planting. These measures are considered to be a part of a more intensive forest management and require an initial investment. The use of artificial regeneration measures can, however, increase the growth of a forest stand. In this study, the purpose was to investigate if such an investment is profitable by comparing three different intensity levels (low, medium and high) applied during the regeneration phase, with aspect on both economics (LEV, land expectation value) and growth (MAI, mean annual increment) after a full rotation. The forest stands used in this study were regenerated between 1984 and 1988 and the future growth of the stands was simulated using Heureka StandWise. It was clear that naturally regenerated (low intensity) stands resulted in better economics than stands actively regenerated (medium and high intensity). However, actively regenerated stands resulted in both higher volume production and growth, and the uncertainty of regeneration success was reduced using artificial regeneration measures. These factors are important when considering both the ongoing mitigation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and future access to raw material.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"200 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46603879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2066170
J. Eggers, J. Lundström, Tord Snäll, K. Öhman
ABSTRACT Fennoscandian boreal forests are managed intensively for wood production, which has had a negative impact on biodiversity. The harvesting pressure on the forests is likely to increase in the future because wood is seen as an important resource in a bio-based economy. Thus, there is an urgent need to better describe the trade-offs between wood production and biodiversity, and to understand how these trade-offs can be alleviated by adapting forest management. Encompassing a broad range of biodiversity aspects, we studied how forest management can increase biodiversity indicators while maintaining or increasing current harvest levels. We found that there is considerable leeway for forestry to pursue multiple objectives simultaneously in Fennoscandian forest landscapes. We show that it is possible to both increase harvests and structural elements of importance for biodiversity compared to present levels in a forest landscape that is representative of conditions in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Achieving this requires a variation in management strategies at the landscape level, and an adaptation of management practices to explicitly consider and implement multiple objectives in the planning process.
{"title":"Balancing wood production and biodiversity in intensively managed boreal forest","authors":"J. Eggers, J. Lundström, Tord Snäll, K. Öhman","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2066170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2066170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fennoscandian boreal forests are managed intensively for wood production, which has had a negative impact on biodiversity. The harvesting pressure on the forests is likely to increase in the future because wood is seen as an important resource in a bio-based economy. Thus, there is an urgent need to better describe the trade-offs between wood production and biodiversity, and to understand how these trade-offs can be alleviated by adapting forest management. Encompassing a broad range of biodiversity aspects, we studied how forest management can increase biodiversity indicators while maintaining or increasing current harvest levels. We found that there is considerable leeway for forestry to pursue multiple objectives simultaneously in Fennoscandian forest landscapes. We show that it is possible to both increase harvests and structural elements of importance for biodiversity compared to present levels in a forest landscape that is representative of conditions in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Achieving this requires a variation in management strategies at the landscape level, and an adaptation of management practices to explicitly consider and implement multiple objectives in the planning process.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"213 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2085786
Davide Scaccini
ABSTRACT Deadwood is one of the main indicators of forest biodiversity. Stag beetle (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) larvae are saproxylic organisms specialized in living in deadwood colonized by microorganisms; these beetles are bioindicators of forest integrity and are currently under threat by habitat loss, climate change and intensive forest management. A multi-year collection of data on the habitat and microhabitat deadwood-related requirements of Platycerus caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758) and Platycerus caprea (De Geer, 1774) in northern Italian forests has shed new light on the bio-ecology of these two reclusive species. They are predominantly found at medium to high elevations on north-facing slopes. Their presence – but not their abundance – is related the plant taxon, diameter and decay stage of the deadwood, predominantly belonging to the family Fagaceae but – a new finding – also to the family Salicaceae (Salix caprea L.). Both species prefer narrow, faded, soft, very powdery, humid logs. Based on these findings, forestry management strategies should not overlook the importance of fine deadwood in managing saproxylic biodiversity in European forests.
枯木是森林生物多样性的主要指标之一。鹿角虫(鞘翅目:鹿角虫科)幼虫是一种腐羧酸生物，专门生活在微生物定植的枯木中;这些甲虫是森林完整性的生物指标，目前正受到栖息地丧失、气候变化和森林集约化管理的威胁。对意大利北部森林中caraboides Platycerus (Linnaeus, 1758)和caprea Platycerus (De Geer, 1774)栖息地和微栖息地枯木相关需求的多年数据收集，为这两个隐居物种的生物生态学提供了新的认识。它们主要分布在朝北的中高海拔斜坡上。它们的存在——而不是它们的丰度——与植物分类、直径和腐烂阶段有关，主要属于壳斗科，但也属于水杨科(Salix caprea L.)。两种都喜欢狭窄，褪色，柔软，非常粉末状，潮湿的原木。基于这些发现，林业管理策略不应忽视细枯木在管理欧洲森林腐木生物多样性中的重要性。
{"title":"Habitat and microhabitat suitability for Italian Platycerus species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): elevation, slope aspect and deadwood features","authors":"Davide Scaccini","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2085786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2085786","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deadwood is one of the main indicators of forest biodiversity. Stag beetle (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) larvae are saproxylic organisms specialized in living in deadwood colonized by microorganisms; these beetles are bioindicators of forest integrity and are currently under threat by habitat loss, climate change and intensive forest management. A multi-year collection of data on the habitat and microhabitat deadwood-related requirements of Platycerus caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758) and Platycerus caprea (De Geer, 1774) in northern Italian forests has shed new light on the bio-ecology of these two reclusive species. They are predominantly found at medium to high elevations on north-facing slopes. Their presence – but not their abundance – is related the plant taxon, diameter and decay stage of the deadwood, predominantly belonging to the family Fagaceae but – a new finding – also to the family Salicaceae (Salix caprea L.). Both species prefer narrow, faded, soft, very powdery, humid logs. Based on these findings, forestry management strategies should not overlook the importance of fine deadwood in managing saproxylic biodiversity in European forests.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"172 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41927733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2096920
T. Hilmers, Gerhard Schmied, H. Pretzsch
ABSTRACT Thinning experiments were primarily established for analysing how treatment variants determine the amount and quality of wood production. Given climate change, they may also explain how silvicultural treatment determined drought resistance. Especially for tree species cultivated in regions beyond their natural range, silvicultural treatment may help mitigate drought stress. Here, we used the 47-years-old combined spacing-thinning trial Fürstenfeldbruck 612 and metrics for quantifying the trees’ recent and past growth to test if the information of tree treatment and development in the past significantly improved the prediction of their growth at present and if spacing and density regulation, kind of thinning, and temporal sequence of thinning significantly co-determined tree and stand growth during drought. Based on linear models, we revealed the following ecological legacy effects: (i) information of tree treatment and development in the past significantly improved the prediction of their growth at present, and (ii) higher densities, past thinnings from below, and low variations in thinning strength were beneficial for the tree and stand growth during drought. Thus, the prevailing repeated strong thinnings from above for promoting a selected collective of future crop trees may be questioned because of climate change.
{"title":"Legacy effects of past thinnings modulate drought stress reactions at present","authors":"T. Hilmers, Gerhard Schmied, H. Pretzsch","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2096920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2096920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thinning experiments were primarily established for analysing how treatment variants determine the amount and quality of wood production. Given climate change, they may also explain how silvicultural treatment determined drought resistance. Especially for tree species cultivated in regions beyond their natural range, silvicultural treatment may help mitigate drought stress. Here, we used the 47-years-old combined spacing-thinning trial Fürstenfeldbruck 612 and metrics for quantifying the trees’ recent and past growth to test if the information of tree treatment and development in the past significantly improved the prediction of their growth at present and if spacing and density regulation, kind of thinning, and temporal sequence of thinning significantly co-determined tree and stand growth during drought. Based on linear models, we revealed the following ecological legacy effects: (i) information of tree treatment and development in the past significantly improved the prediction of their growth at present, and (ii) higher densities, past thinnings from below, and low variations in thinning strength were beneficial for the tree and stand growth during drought. Thus, the prevailing repeated strong thinnings from above for promoting a selected collective of future crop trees may be questioned because of climate change.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"182 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2085322
B. Samils, J. Stenlid
ABSTRACT Severe outbreaks of Scots pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium pini (Willd.) Jørst., have occurred in several regions in Europe and Asia for at least hundred years. The rust fungus has a complex biology and epidemiology with two different life-cycle forms and five different spore stages. This review summarizes research on: taxonomy and host species, geographical distribution and historic epidemics, life-cycle forms and spore stages, population structure, infection and lesion development, susceptibility of pine provenances, impact of environmental conditions, climate change effects and management. The focus is on conditions in Northern Europe.
{"title":"A review of biology, epidemiology and management of Cronartium pini with emphasis on Northern Europe","authors":"B. Samils, J. Stenlid","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2085322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2085322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Severe outbreaks of Scots pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium pini (Willd.) Jørst., have occurred in several regions in Europe and Asia for at least hundred years. The rust fungus has a complex biology and epidemiology with two different life-cycle forms and five different spore stages. This review summarizes research on: taxonomy and host species, geographical distribution and historic epidemics, life-cycle forms and spore stages, population structure, infection and lesion development, susceptibility of pine provenances, impact of environmental conditions, climate change effects and management. The focus is on conditions in Northern Europe.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"153 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2060303
John Alexander Pulgarín Díaz, M. Melin, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen
ABSTRACT Climate change has assisted the northward range expansion of various forest insect pests, increasing the risk of forest damage in Northern Europe. The pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, is common in European pine stands with cyclical outbreaks that have damaged thousands of hectares. In the 1970s, its Finnish northern distribution limit was reported to be 64°N. We re-evaluated the northernmost distribution limit of P. flammea in Finland and studied the effect of temperature sum on its abundance. We used pheromone-based traps throughout Finland in 2019–2020. The number of individuals caught in each trap was coupled with previous year thermal sums from the same location, and the relationship between them was analysed using a generalised linear mixed model. P. flammea had spread into northern Finland to 68°51’N, at ∼10.2 km/year, 50 years ahead of earlier predictions. We found a non-linear correlation between thermal sums and P. flammea abundance, increasing from cold to warm areas. Given the climate change scenarios for Fennoscandia, its range and population could continue to increase, allowing it to become another widespread coniferous-forest insect pest. Understanding the effects of temperature on its populations will allow us to model their probable future distribution and population dynamics.
{"title":"Thermal sum drives abundance and distribution range shift of Panolis flammea in Finland","authors":"John Alexander Pulgarín Díaz, M. Melin, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2060303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2060303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change has assisted the northward range expansion of various forest insect pests, increasing the risk of forest damage in Northern Europe. The pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, is common in European pine stands with cyclical outbreaks that have damaged thousands of hectares. In the 1970s, its Finnish northern distribution limit was reported to be 64°N. We re-evaluated the northernmost distribution limit of P. flammea in Finland and studied the effect of temperature sum on its abundance. We used pheromone-based traps throughout Finland in 2019–2020. The number of individuals caught in each trap was coupled with previous year thermal sums from the same location, and the relationship between them was analysed using a generalised linear mixed model. P. flammea had spread into northern Finland to 68°51’N, at ∼10.2 km/year, 50 years ahead of earlier predictions. We found a non-linear correlation between thermal sums and P. flammea abundance, increasing from cold to warm areas. Given the climate change scenarios for Fennoscandia, its range and population could continue to increase, allowing it to become another widespread coniferous-forest insect pest. Understanding the effects of temperature on its populations will allow us to model their probable future distribution and population dynamics.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46782454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2044902
Magnus C Persson, R. Trubins, L. Eriksson, J. Bergh, J. Sonesson, E. Holmström
ABSTRACT Precision forestry allows decision-making on tree level or pixel level, as compared to stand-level data. However, little is known about the importance of precision in thinning decisions and its long-term effects on within-stand variation, stand economy and growth. In this study, silviculture was optimized for Net Present Value (NPV) in 20 conifer-dominated forest stands in hemi-boreal southern Sweden. The precision-thinning approach, Precision Thinning (PT), is compared with a stand-level approach, Stand Level Thinning (SLT) that is optimized for the same criteria but based on stand-level data. The results suggest no substantial long-term benefit or drawback in implementing thinning decisions based on pixel-level data as compared to stand-level data when optimizing stand economy. The result variables NPV and Mean annual increment of living stem volume (MAInet) were not higher for PT than for SLT. The within-stand variation in basal area (m2/ha−1) was lower at the end of the rotation compared to the start of the simulation for both SLT and PT. At the end of the rotation, SLT had higher variation in basal area compared to PT. However, pixel-level information enables adapting the silviculture to the within-stand variation which may favour other forest management goals than strictly financial goals.
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