Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.25-33
Emese Sebe, Gábor Nagy, A. Kállay
The goal of gasification is the conversion of solid fuels or carbonaceous wastes to gas that can be further used energetically or for chemically utilisation. Due to cost-effectiveness and gaining experience, the industrial application of new systems and raw materials or mixtures must be preceded by laboratory-scale experiments. The manuscript presents the laboratory scale gasification systems we designed and used, as well as the difficulties experienced during the implementation (e.g. water introduction, sealing, etc.). In addition to these, the results of one-, two- and three-stage experiments are presented as examples, where different materials such as a mixture of wood and canteen waste, brown coal and refuse derived fuel (RDF) were used for testing the system.
{"title":"Development of lab-scale gasification systems for different possible applications","authors":"Emese Sebe, Gábor Nagy, A. Kállay","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.25-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.25-33","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of gasification is the conversion of solid fuels or carbonaceous wastes to gas that can be further used energetically or for chemically utilisation. Due to cost-effectiveness and gaining experience, the industrial application of new systems and raw materials or mixtures must be preceded by laboratory-scale experiments. The manuscript presents the laboratory scale gasification systems we designed and used, as well as the difficulties experienced during the implementation (e.g. water introduction, sealing, etc.). In addition to these, the results of one-, two- and three-stage experiments are presented as examples, where different materials such as a mixture of wood and canteen waste, brown coal and refuse derived fuel (RDF) were used for testing the system.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.16-24
Dušan Rakić, I. Antić, J. Živančev, Maja Buljovčić, Z. Šereš, N. Đurišić-Mladenović
Today’s environment is under the influence of numerous substances and most of them are not covered by current national and international regulations. Substances that are classified as contaminants of emerging concern, CECs, are not regulated nor systematically controlled in the environment, and they belong to the different chemical classes such as pesticides in current use, pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), personal care products, illicit drugs, hormones, micro- and nano-plastics, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and many others. Once released CECs end up in surface water where they can be either accumulated or transported to the other environmental compartments, i.e. soil (by irrigation), underground water, or drinking water. The aim of the research was to investigate the efficiency of different selected solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for preparation of water samples for simultaneous analysis of several CECs. For this purpose, a model mix solution of selected CECs in concentration relevant to environmental appearance was used. The selected CECs (14 PhACs, 11 pesticides in current use, and 4 PFAS) represented emerging contaminants with different properties, including polarities, and varying adverse effect on the environment and human health. Different types of sorbents were investigated: (i) commercial single-layer HLB, (ii) homemade multi-layer I: HLB plus a mix of WAX, WCX, and PPL, and (iii) multi-layer II: mix of WAX, WCX, and PPL plus HLB. The results revealed that the single-layer sorbent showed better efficiency in extraction of the analyzed CECs. Multi-layer sorbent should be further investigated to elucidate the possible reason for the poor extraction of some compounds, as development of a balanced extraction for a wider range of contaminants with different polarities, especially for non-target analysis of chemical residues, is required in order to capture the occurrence of the full profile of micropollutants.
{"title":"Solid-phase extraction as promising sample preparation method for compound of emerging concerns analysis","authors":"Dušan Rakić, I. Antić, J. Živančev, Maja Buljovčić, Z. Šereš, N. Đurišić-Mladenović","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.16-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.16-24","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s environment is under the influence of numerous substances and most of them are not covered by current national and international regulations. Substances that are classified as contaminants of emerging concern, CECs, are not regulated nor systematically controlled in the environment, and they belong to the different chemical classes such as pesticides in current use, pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), personal care products, illicit drugs, hormones, micro- and nano-plastics, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and many others. Once released CECs end up in surface water where they can be either accumulated or transported to the other environmental compartments, i.e. soil (by irrigation), underground water, or drinking water. The aim of the research was to investigate the efficiency of different selected solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for preparation of water samples for simultaneous analysis of several CECs. For this purpose, a model mix solution of selected CECs in concentration relevant to environmental appearance was used. The selected CECs (14 PhACs, 11 pesticides in current use, and 4 PFAS) represented emerging contaminants with different properties, including polarities, and varying adverse effect on the environment and human health. Different types of sorbents were investigated: (i) commercial single-layer HLB, (ii) homemade multi-layer I: HLB plus a mix of WAX, WCX, and PPL, and (iii) multi-layer II: mix of WAX, WCX, and PPL plus HLB. The results revealed that the single-layer sorbent showed better efficiency in extraction of the analyzed CECs. Multi-layer sorbent should be further investigated to elucidate the possible reason for the poor extraction of some compounds, as development of a balanced extraction for a wider range of contaminants with different polarities, especially for non-target analysis of chemical residues, is required in order to capture the occurrence of the full profile of micropollutants.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.34-39
Pál Patrik Dézsi, Z. Heiner, Gábor Gulyás, Katalin Pappné Sziládi
In this research, a lactic acid-based biodegradable polymer (polylactic acid, PLA) was chemically modified and the mechanical material property changes were studied. The hardness and elastic modulus were determined with a nanoindentation instrument. The modified PLA was compared to the unmodified control group. Each group contained 5 different samples and t-test was performed to compare the mean difference of the hardness and elastic modulus between the two groups. A statistically significant result was obtained both in the hardness and elastic modulus due to the modification. The treated sample structure has become more inhomogeneous as well. The elastic modulus of the modified PLA reduced in its hardness and elastic modulus compared to the control PLA.
本研究对一种乳酸基生物降解聚合物（聚乳酸）进行了化学改性，并研究了其材料机械性能的变化。用纳米压痕仪测定了硬度和弹性模量。改性聚乳酸与未改性对照组进行了比较。每组包含 5 个不同的样品，通过 t 检验来比较两组之间硬度和弹性模量的平均差异。结果表明，改性聚丙烯在硬度和弹性模量方面都具有统计学意义。处理后的样品结构也变得更加不均匀。与对照组相比，改性聚乳酸的硬度和弹性模量都有所降低。
{"title":"The mechanical properties of biodegradable modified polymer packaging","authors":"Pál Patrik Dézsi, Z. Heiner, Gábor Gulyás, Katalin Pappné Sziládi","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.34-39","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a lactic acid-based biodegradable polymer (polylactic acid, PLA) was chemically modified and the mechanical material property changes were studied. The hardness and elastic modulus were determined with a nanoindentation instrument. The modified PLA was compared to the unmodified control group. Each group contained 5 different samples and t-test was performed to compare the mean difference of the hardness and elastic modulus between the two groups. A statistically significant result was obtained both in the hardness and elastic modulus due to the modification. The treated sample structure has become more inhomogeneous as well. The elastic modulus of the modified PLA reduced in its hardness and elastic modulus compared to the control PLA.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.33-40
Blanka Juhász, Z. Jákói, Balázs Lemmer
In Hungary, viticulture and winemaking have a very long tradition and culture. Nowadays, more and more consumers are paying attention to the nutritional properties of the food they consume, in addition to their enjoyment value. Wines can have an outstanding antioxidant content. The amount of antioxidants can be influenced by a number of parameters (wine-making technology, grape variety, area under vines, etc.). Antioxidants play an important role in the preservation of health, as well as inhibiting oxidation processes in food. Dielectric material analysis methods are also increasingly used in the food industry. The great advantages of dielectric testing include its chemical-free nature and the speed of the test. In our studies, we have investigated the food properties, i.e. alcohol, acid and antioxidant content and dielectric properties of different wine samples
{"title":"Examination of the Composition and Dielectric Properties of Wines from the Csongrád Wine Region","authors":"Blanka Juhász, Z. Jákói, Balázs Lemmer","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.33-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.33-40","url":null,"abstract":"In Hungary, viticulture and winemaking have a very long tradition and culture. Nowadays, more and more consumers are paying attention to the nutritional properties of the food they consume, in addition to their enjoyment value. Wines can have an outstanding antioxidant content. The amount of antioxidants can be influenced by a number of parameters (wine-making technology, grape variety, area under vines, etc.). Antioxidants play an important role in the preservation of health, as well as inhibiting oxidation processes in food. Dielectric material analysis methods are also increasingly used in the food industry. The great advantages of dielectric testing include its chemical-free nature and the speed of the test. In our studies, we have investigated the food properties, i.e. alcohol, acid and antioxidant content and dielectric properties of different wine samples","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129074321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.1-12
Győző Körtvélyessy, D. Hangyási, Tamás Tarjányi, Z. Tóth, Danica Matusovits, István Pelsőczi-Kovács, Z. Baráth
The basis of the long-term success of dental implants is the mechanical stability of the implant and the superstructure anchored in it. In order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the conical connection in implant-abutment units, static and dynamic load tests were performed with different conical angles and various Grade 4-5 titanium implant materials. The assembled units were mounted in self-developed loading machine and in an Instron ElectroPuls E3000 fatigue machine. For static loading, the samples were loaded with a force from 0 N to 500 N in steps of 100 N. For dynamic loading, the samples were loaded for 30,000 cycles with a force of 250 ± 150 N. In case of static testing, the compression caused by the load was measured in both horizontal and vertical directions, while in the case of dynamic fatigue, only horizontal deformation was defined. In both cases, the drive-out (reverse) torque values of the fixing screws were determined after loading. No significant differences were found between the tested materials in the reverse torque after the static load, however, significant differences were shown with regards to the alterations in cone angle (p < 0.001). After dynamic loading, significant differences (p < 0.001) were also observed between the reverse torques of the fixing screw in different angles. The static and dynamic test results showed the same tendency: under the same load conditions, the conical angle value of the implant-abutment connection revealed significant differences in the loosening of the fixing screw. In summary, it is recommended to use higher conical angle connection to avoid larger deformations in lengths and diameters of the implant at the connection and essential torque reduction of the fixing screw. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the long-term success of dental implants.
{"title":"Static and dynamic compression load tests of conically connected, screw fixed dental abutment","authors":"Győző Körtvélyessy, D. Hangyási, Tamás Tarjányi, Z. Tóth, Danica Matusovits, István Pelsőczi-Kovács, Z. Baráth","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"The basis of the long-term success of dental implants is the mechanical stability of the implant and the superstructure anchored in it. In order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the conical connection in implant-abutment units, static and dynamic load tests were performed with different conical angles and various Grade 4-5 titanium implant materials. The assembled units were mounted in self-developed loading machine and in an Instron ElectroPuls E3000 fatigue machine. For static loading, the samples were loaded with a force from 0 N to 500 N in steps of 100 N. For dynamic loading, the samples were loaded for 30,000 cycles with a force of 250 ± 150 N. In case of static testing, the compression caused by the load was measured in both horizontal and vertical directions, while in the case of dynamic fatigue, only horizontal deformation was defined. In both cases, the drive-out (reverse) torque values of the fixing screws were determined after loading. No significant differences were found between the tested materials in the reverse torque after the static load, however, significant differences were shown with regards to the alterations in cone angle (p < 0.001). After dynamic loading, significant differences (p < 0.001) were also observed between the reverse torques of the fixing screw in different angles. The static and dynamic test results showed the same tendency: under the same load conditions, the conical angle value of the implant-abutment connection revealed significant differences in the loosening of the fixing screw. In summary, it is recommended to use higher conical angle connection to avoid larger deformations in lengths and diameters of the implant at the connection and essential torque reduction of the fixing screw. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the long-term success of dental implants.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133569968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.41-47
Réka Dobozi
In my research work, I primarily focused on the investigation of yogurt (made from home-made raw milk) spoilage by microbiological and dielectric measurements. During the experiment, I continuously monitored the changes in aerobic and anaerobic Lactobacillus cell counts of the product, as a possible spoilage process would cause the deteriorative microbes to displace the lactic acid bacteria, and I also monitored the changes in the dielectric properties of the sample material at 400 MHz frequency. The research results verified that there is a strong correlation between the variation in live cell counts and dielectric parameters in both aerobically and anaerobically cultured lactic acid bacteria. The main conclusions of the results are that the change in the bacterial count, and thus the deterioration process leading to it, can be indirectly monitored in the dairy product under study by low-frequency determination of both the dielectric constant and the loss factor.
{"title":"Monitoring the process of yogurt spoilage by dielectric measurements and spread plate method","authors":"Réka Dobozi","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.41-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.41-47","url":null,"abstract":"In my research work, I primarily focused on the investigation of yogurt (made from home-made raw milk) spoilage by microbiological and dielectric measurements. During the experiment, I continuously monitored the changes in aerobic and anaerobic Lactobacillus cell counts of the product, as a possible spoilage process would cause the deteriorative microbes to displace the lactic acid bacteria, and I also monitored the changes in the dielectric properties of the sample material at 400 MHz frequency. The research results verified that there is a strong correlation between the variation in live cell counts and dielectric parameters in both aerobically and anaerobically cultured lactic acid bacteria. The main conclusions of the results are that the change in the bacterial count, and thus the deterioration process leading to it, can be indirectly monitored in the dairy product under study by low-frequency determination of both the dielectric constant and the loss factor.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127274566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.13-18
Krisztián Szűcs
Nowadays, instead of traditional wheat grains, alternative cereals, also known as pseudocereals, are increasingly coming to the fore. The reason for this is, among other things, that more and more people struggle with food allergies and intolerances. Gluten-related disease - such as gluten sensitivity - is a chronic disease of the small intestine with malabsorption, which is triggered by gluten, a vegetable protein found in certain cereals, in people who are sensitive to it. Because of this, the demand for foods in which alternative gluten-free pseudocereals play a prominent role has understandably increased. Our research and development goal was aimed at getting to know and examining the different raw materials and their functional enrichment possibilities, which has led to the development of a new range of pasta products.
{"title":"The existence of gluten-free and functional pasta in Hungary","authors":"Krisztián Szűcs","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.13-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.13-18","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, instead of traditional wheat grains, alternative cereals, also known as pseudocereals, are increasingly coming to the fore. The reason for this is, among other things, that more and more people struggle with food allergies and intolerances. Gluten-related disease - such as gluten sensitivity - is a chronic disease of the small intestine with malabsorption, which is triggered by gluten, a vegetable protein found in certain cereals, in people who are sensitive to it. Because of this, the demand for foods in which alternative gluten-free pseudocereals play a prominent role has understandably increased. Our research and development goal was aimed at getting to know and examining the different raw materials and their functional enrichment possibilities, which has led to the development of a new range of pasta products.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116275371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.26-32
Truong Dinh Phi, Zsolt Dobó, H. Kovács
Phytomining of rare earth elements (REEs) provides a potential possibility for metal recovery at brownfields where conventional mining technique is not reasonable or profitable. The holistic concept of phytomining is instituted from three scientific sectors. Phytoextraction is the first stage referred to accumulation of REEs in plants. This is followed by the enrichment process aiming to elevate metal concentration into solid remains. Eventually, extraction technology is applied to reclaim these valuable metals from the bio-ores. The main goal of this study is to identify a possible location for REEs phytomining, which lays the groundwork for further investigations. To do that, different woody biomass from disparate contaminated spots was harvested and examined. A brownfield land located in Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary has been selected based on the elemental analysis of ash samples obtained from the incineration of the collected plants at 500 °C. The outcomes also preliminarily indicate the viability of phytomining in recovering REEs.
{"title":"Elemental Analysis of Contaminated Biomass Ashes for Phytomining of Rare Earth Elements","authors":"Truong Dinh Phi, Zsolt Dobó, H. Kovács","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.26-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.26-32","url":null,"abstract":"Phytomining of rare earth elements (REEs) provides a potential possibility for metal recovery at brownfields where conventional mining technique is not reasonable or profitable. The holistic concept of phytomining is instituted from three scientific sectors. Phytoextraction is the first stage referred to accumulation of REEs in plants. This is followed by the enrichment process aiming to elevate metal concentration into solid remains. Eventually, extraction technology is applied to reclaim these valuable metals from the bio-ores. The main goal of this study is to identify a possible location for REEs phytomining, which lays the groundwork for further investigations. To do that, different woody biomass from disparate contaminated spots was harvested and examined. A brownfield land located in Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary has been selected based on the elemental analysis of ash samples obtained from the incineration of the collected plants at 500 °C. The outcomes also preliminarily indicate the viability of phytomining in recovering REEs.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.3.19-25
András Bertalan, Balázs Gyenge, K. Kacz
The food industry has been at the forefront of rapid implementation for several technological innovations. One of the main reasons for this is that food security has been of paramount importance in supplying a growing population, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative requirements. And the necessary development could only be ensured by incorporating the latest developments. Blockchain technology is also a tool to consider in terms of how it can help track food chains. Its widespread application is only a decade old, but in some areas, for example, the operation of cryptocurrencies has already accumulated enough experience to see if it really lives up to the hopes attached to it, and what problems still stand in the way of further spread. With this material, our primary goal is to present a significant technological change that aims to solve one of the main problems of blockchain-based data management. It will be presented how the technology works (with a specific focus on the proof of work mechanism) and the transition to a truly significant platform, the proof of stake mechanism at Ethereum. This gives us an idea of how much a relatively new technology can undergo changes, and at what rate a seemingly significant problem (in this case, e.g. environmental impact) can decrease. This potential for development provides the basis for counting blockchains as a technology that can be applied in other areas, such as the food industry. In addition to scientific treatises, we often rely on Internet sources in the material, since the change occurred so quickly that publications in scientific journals could not yet track it or only in a narrower circle.
{"title":"Merge in the Ethereum Blockchain","authors":"András Bertalan, Balázs Gyenge, K. Kacz","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.3.19-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.3.19-25","url":null,"abstract":"The food industry has been at the forefront of rapid implementation for several technological innovations. One of the main reasons for this is that food security has been of paramount importance in supplying a growing population, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative requirements. And the necessary development could only be ensured by incorporating the latest developments. \u0000Blockchain technology is also a tool to consider in terms of how it can help track food chains. Its widespread application is only a decade old, but in some areas, for example, the operation of cryptocurrencies has already accumulated enough experience to see if it really lives up to the hopes attached to it, and what problems still stand in the way of further spread. \u0000With this material, our primary goal is to present a significant technological change that aims to solve one of the main problems of blockchain-based data management. It will be presented how the technology works (with a specific focus on the proof of work mechanism) and the transition to a truly significant platform, the proof of stake mechanism at Ethereum. This gives us an idea of how much a relatively new technology can undergo changes, and at what rate a seemingly significant problem (in this case, e.g. environmental impact) can decrease. This potential for development provides the basis for counting blockchains as a technology that can be applied in other areas, such as the food industry. \u0000In addition to scientific treatises, we often rely on Internet sources in the material, since the change occurred so quickly that publications in scientific journals could not yet track it or only in a narrower circle.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127409216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.2.32-47
R. Lipták, I. Bodnár
Renewable energy sources, especially solar systems, have become increasingly important energy sources in recent times. Connecting large PV systems to utility networks can cause a number of operational problems for distribution networks. The extent of these problems depends directly on the percentage of PV penetration and the geographical location of the installation. Possible problems caused by PV systems: over-voltage, output power fluctuation, harmonic distortion, frequency fluctuation Harmonic distortion is a serious energy quality problem which can occur in photovoltaic systems due to the use of power inverters that convert direct current to alternating current. The resulting harmonics can cause parallel and series resonances, transformer overheating, and protection device malfunctions, which can reduce the reliability of power supply systems.
{"title":"Effects of photovoltaic systems on the behavior of harmonic components in low voltage network","authors":"R. Lipták, I. Bodnár","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.2.32-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.2.32-47","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources, especially solar systems, have become increasingly important energy sources in recent times. Connecting large PV systems to utility networks can cause a number of operational problems for distribution networks. The extent of these problems depends directly on the percentage of PV penetration and the geographical location of the installation. Possible problems caused by PV systems: over-voltage, output power fluctuation, harmonic distortion, frequency fluctuation \u0000Harmonic distortion is a serious energy quality problem which can occur in photovoltaic systems due to the use of power inverters that convert direct current to alternating current. The resulting harmonics can cause parallel and series resonances, transformer overheating, and protection device malfunctions, which can reduce the reliability of power supply systems.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124362845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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