Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2024.1.11-17
Tamás Kulcsár, Bálint Erdei, Eszter Trenyik, J. Mihalkó, Balázs P. Szabó
Animal food, especially meat, has played an important role in the history of mankind. Different meats can be used in the production of meat products. In addition to lean meats, mechanically deboned meat (MDM) and mechanically separated meat (MSM) can also be used in meat products. However, the latter does not qualify as meat due to damage to the muscular structure due to the high pressure applied during the separation, therefore cannot be included in the meat content of products. The aim of our research work was to compare the characteristics of Bologna sausages made from chicken fillet, chicken MDM and poultry MSM. After evaluating our measurements (cooking loss, colour measurement, instrumental chemical composition measuring, stock measurement, determination of water activity, pH measurement, and sensory evaluation), we concluded that in the case of production with MSM, we produced a lower quality product using the same amount of meat raw material, which can be improved by using more additives (e.g. carminic acid, tetrasodium-pyrophosphate).
{"title":"Comparative analysis of meat products made from various chicken meat raw material","authors":"Tamás Kulcsár, Bálint Erdei, Eszter Trenyik, J. Mihalkó, Balázs P. Szabó","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2024.1.11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2024.1.11-17","url":null,"abstract":"Animal food, especially meat, has played an important role in the history of mankind. Different meats can be used in the production of meat products. In addition to lean meats, mechanically deboned meat (MDM) and mechanically separated meat (MSM) can also be used in meat products. However, the latter does not qualify as meat due to damage to the muscular structure due to the high pressure applied during the separation, therefore cannot be included in the meat content of products. The aim of our research work was to compare the characteristics of Bologna sausages made from chicken fillet, chicken MDM and poultry MSM. After evaluating our measurements (cooking loss, colour measurement, instrumental chemical composition measuring, stock measurement, determination of water activity, pH measurement, and sensory evaluation), we concluded that in the case of production with MSM, we produced a lower quality product using the same amount of meat raw material, which can be improved by using more additives (e.g. carminic acid, tetrasodium-pyrophosphate).","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2024.1.1-6
József Gál, Somany Phoymany
This study aims to analyse the obstacles and constraints in the shipping and logistics in Laos, a landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. Transportation and logistics play a pivotal role in Laos' national economy, acting as the lifeblood for the movement of goods and materials within the country and linking it to the international trade system. This case study highlights the significance of a robust logistics structure for Laos and its essential role in fostering economic development, agricultural growth, and connectivity. It also underscores the challenges faced by the country's logistics sector, such as limited-service frequency and road safety concerns. The study examines Laos transportation infrastructure, encompassing road, rail, and air networks, and sheds light on the obstacles and disparities that hinder value chain development in the country. These issues include disconnected stakeholder participation, the aging vehicle fleet, and financial limitations. Furthermore, the essay emphasizes the need for improved interconnectivity and inter-mobility to enhance the national, regional, and international connectivity of Laos and similar landlocked developing countries in Asia.
{"title":"The Situation of Freight Transport and Other Logistics Tasks in Laos","authors":"József Gál, Somany Phoymany","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2024.1.1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2024.1.1-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the obstacles and constraints in the shipping and logistics in Laos, a landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. Transportation and logistics play a pivotal role in Laos' national economy, acting as the lifeblood for the movement of goods and materials within the country and linking it to the international trade system. This case study highlights the significance of a robust logistics structure for Laos and its essential role in fostering economic development, agricultural growth, and connectivity. It also underscores the challenges faced by the country's logistics sector, such as limited-service frequency and road safety concerns. The study examines Laos transportation infrastructure, encompassing road, rail, and air networks, and sheds light on the obstacles and disparities that hinder value chain development in the country. These issues include disconnected stakeholder participation, the aging vehicle fleet, and financial limitations. Furthermore, the essay emphasizes the need for improved interconnectivity and inter-mobility to enhance the national, regional, and international connectivity of Laos and similar landlocked developing countries in Asia.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2024.1.7-10
Réka Dobozi, Zoltán Péter Jákói, S. Beszédes
Our research investigated the dielectric traceability of microwave and ultrasound intensified extraction processes of plant by-products. For the experiments, I used plant by-products from beetroot, carrot and raspberry, which were extracted in 5% suspensions. The dielectric behaviour of the extracts was investigated in the frequency range 300-2400 MHz using an open-ended coaxial probe. For both the ultrasonic and microwave intensified procedures, the reported energy was 30, 45 and 60 kJ, respectively. Based on my research results, I found that the dielectric constant measured in the frequency range 700-900 MHz is closely related to the yield of total polyphenol and pectin regardless of the feedstock and treatment used, but the method has limitations due to the presence of components that affect the physical structure and the concentration of target components below the limit of detection.
{"title":"Dielectric Monitoring of Microwave Extraction Processes","authors":"Réka Dobozi, Zoltán Péter Jákói, S. Beszédes","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2024.1.7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2024.1.7-10","url":null,"abstract":"Our research investigated the dielectric traceability of microwave and ultrasound intensified extraction processes of plant by-products. For the experiments, I used plant by-products from beetroot, carrot and raspberry, which were extracted in 5% suspensions. The dielectric behaviour of the extracts was investigated in the frequency range 300-2400 MHz using an open-ended coaxial probe. For both the ultrasonic and microwave intensified procedures, the reported energy was 30, 45 and 60 kJ, respectively. Based on my research results, I found that the dielectric constant measured in the frequency range 700-900 MHz is closely related to the yield of total polyphenol and pectin regardless of the feedstock and treatment used, but the method has limitations due to the presence of components that affect the physical structure and the concentration of target components below the limit of detection.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2024.1.18-30
János Simon, László Gogolák
The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up new opportunities in education, particularly in the field of mobile robotics. Mobile robotics is a fast-growing field, and with the increasing demand for skilled robotics engineers, it is essential to provide students with hands-on experience in designing and developing robots. In this regard, an IoT-based 3D printed mobile robot platform has been developed for students training. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education has been gaining attention as a means to improve science and engineering education. STEM education aims to foster critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and innovation among students. It involves an educational policy that aims to develop the next generation of skilled professionals by integrating the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The goal of this approach is to provide students in mechatronics, who are assigned to the robotics lab during their studies, an up to date knowledge and experience in research and development activities. Thus, this paper aims to provide education that focuses on the acquisition and application of engineering knowledge, including control engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, information engineering, among others, with the main focus on mobile robot research.
物联网（IoT）的出现为教育，尤其是移动机器人技术领域的教育带来了新的机遇。移动机器人技术是一个快速发展的领域，随着对技术熟练的机器人工程师的需求不断增加，为学生提供设计和开发机器人的实践经验至关重要。为此，我们开发了一个基于物联网的 3D 打印移动机器人平台，用于对学生进行培训。STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）教育作为改善科学和工程教育的一种手段，一直受到人们的关注。STEM 教育旨在培养学生的批判性思维、解决问题的技能、创造力和创新能力。它涉及一项教育政策，旨在通过整合科学、技术、工程和数学领域，培养下一代专业技能人才。这种方法的目标是为在学习期间被分配到机器人实验室的机电一体化专业学生提供最新的知识和研发活动经验。因此，本文旨在提供以获取和应用工程知识为重点的教育，包括控制工程、机械工程、电气和电子工程、信息工程等，主要侧重于移动机器人研究。
{"title":"Development of an IoT based 3D printed Mobile Robot Platform for training of Mechatronics Engineering Students","authors":"János Simon, László Gogolák","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2024.1.18-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2024.1.18-30","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up new opportunities in education, particularly in the field of mobile robotics. Mobile robotics is a fast-growing field, and with the increasing demand for skilled robotics engineers, it is essential to provide students with hands-on experience in designing and developing robots. In this regard, an IoT-based 3D printed mobile robot platform has been developed for students training. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education has been gaining attention as a means to improve science and engineering education. STEM education aims to foster critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and innovation among students. It involves an educational policy that aims to develop the next generation of skilled professionals by integrating the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The goal of this approach is to provide students in mechatronics, who are assigned to the robotics lab during their studies, an up to date knowledge and experience in research and development activities. Thus, this paper aims to provide education that focuses on the acquisition and application of engineering knowledge, including control engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, information engineering, among others, with the main focus on mobile robot research.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.40-45
B. Zsótér, Dalma Deák, Árpád Búrány, György Hampel
Inventory management has a different meaning in agriculture than in a commercial chain, but it is just as important. In most cases, the purpose of the inventory is to satisfy demand. Demand and supply do not always meet at a predetermined place and time but are shaped by external circumstances. It is the same in agriculture. Our research aims to present and compare simple inventory management methods through a practical agricultural example and to examine the ethical aspects. To manage inventory, we have to make an appropriate decision in the following two questions: when to order and how much to order. There are three basic inventory mechanisms: cycle inventory, damping inventory, and two-warehouse inventory. There are three levels within business ethics: macro-, meso-, and micro-level. In the case of the examined agricultural limited company, the meso- and micro-levels are affected by ethical problems. When handling inventory improperly, can the employee be held liable, or is the company responsible? The agricultural sector began to develop, which is mainly the result of developments in the use of information technology. Even so, many farms still use outdated methods, which should be changed to operate more economically
{"title":"Ethical aspects of inventory management in an agricultural enterprise","authors":"B. Zsótér, Dalma Deák, Árpád Búrány, György Hampel","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.40-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.40-45","url":null,"abstract":"Inventory management has a different meaning in agriculture than in a commercial chain, but it is just as important. In most cases, the purpose of the inventory is to satisfy demand. Demand and supply do not always meet at a predetermined place and time but are shaped by external circumstances. It is the same in agriculture. Our research aims to present and compare simple inventory management methods through a practical agricultural example and to examine the ethical aspects. To manage inventory, we have to make an appropriate decision in the following two questions: when to order and how much to order. There are three basic inventory mechanisms: cycle inventory, damping inventory, and two-warehouse inventory. There are three levels within business ethics: macro-, meso-, and micro-level. In the case of the examined agricultural limited company, the meso- and micro-levels are affected by ethical problems. When handling inventory improperly, can the employee be held liable, or is the company responsible? The agricultural sector began to develop, which is mainly the result of developments in the use of information technology. Even so, many farms still use outdated methods, which should be changed to operate more economically","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.1-9
Geremew Geidare Kailo, Igor Gáspár, Kenbon Beyene Abdisa, Ivana Pajčin, Vanja Vlajkov, A. Jokić, D. Cvetković, J. Grahovac, András Koris
The 3D printing technology involves a digital manufacturing machine that produces three-dimensional objects according to designs created by the user via 3D modelling or computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. This work analyzes the processing timeline of the filament (material for 3D printing) from unboxing to the extrusion trough the nozzle. It is an important task to analyze the growth of bacteria on 3D printed surface and in gaps between the layers. By default, 3D printed object is not food safe after longer usage and direct contact with food (even though the food safe filaments were used), but there are solutions for this problem. We tested several methods to prevent or reduce the emerging microbial contamination. These methods are coating with epoxy resin, using antimicrobial and high temperature-resistant filaments. The best results were obtained by epoxy resin coating, where the object was cleanable like any other injection molded plastic object with smooth surface. Very good results have also been obtained by boiling the objects, and it is good to see that nowadays more and more special filaments have food safe certificate and can withstand boiling temperatures too. Using antibacterial filaments reduced bacterial colonies by 80%, which is not a perfect solution.
三维打印技术是一种数字制造机器，可根据用户通过三维建模或计算机辅助设计/制造（CAD/CAM）软件创建的设计生产三维物体。这项工作分析了长丝（三维打印材料）从开箱到通过喷嘴挤出的加工时间线。分析细菌在 3D 打印表面和层间缝隙中的生长情况是一项重要任务。默认情况下，3D 打印物体在长时间使用和与食物直接接触后（即使使用的是食品安全的长丝）并不符合食品安全标准，但也有解决这一问题的办法。我们测试了几种方法来防止或减少新出现的微生物污染。这些方法包括环氧树脂涂层、使用抗菌和耐高温长丝。环氧树脂涂层的效果最好，物体可以像其他表面光滑的注塑塑料物体一样清洁。将物体煮沸后也能获得很好的效果，令人欣慰的是，如今越来越多的特殊长丝获得了食品安全证书，也能承受煮沸温度。使用抗菌长丝可减少 80% 的细菌菌落，但这并不是一个完美的解决方案。
{"title":"Food safety-based evaluation of 3D printed objects","authors":"Geremew Geidare Kailo, Igor Gáspár, Kenbon Beyene Abdisa, Ivana Pajčin, Vanja Vlajkov, A. Jokić, D. Cvetković, J. Grahovac, András Koris","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The 3D printing technology involves a digital manufacturing machine that produces three-dimensional objects according to designs created by the user via 3D modelling or computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. This work analyzes the processing timeline of the filament (material for 3D printing) from unboxing to the extrusion trough the nozzle. It is an important task to analyze the growth of bacteria on 3D printed surface and in gaps between the layers. By default, 3D printed object is not food safe after longer usage and direct contact with food (even though the food safe filaments were used), but there are solutions for this problem. We tested several methods to prevent or reduce the emerging microbial contamination. These methods are coating with epoxy resin, using antimicrobial and high temperature-resistant filaments. The best results were obtained by epoxy resin coating, where the object was cleanable like any other injection molded plastic object with smooth surface. Very good results have also been obtained by boiling the objects, and it is good to see that nowadays more and more special filaments have food safe certificate and can withstand boiling temperatures too. Using antibacterial filaments reduced bacterial colonies by 80%, which is not a perfect solution.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.51-60
Balázs Máté, B. Góczán, M. Máté
The leading export product of Hungary is canned sweetcorn, which is available in single-component or blended varieties with a focus on colour retention, for wich the food industry mainly uses ascorbic acid and EDTA in the brine of canned vegetable. Thoughtful customer behavior is pushing the food industry to switch to natural plant extracts instead of synthetic additives. In order to investigate if acerola plant extract is suitable as a replacement for ascorbic acid, we investigated the potential uses of two varieties of acerola extract in three different concentrations in the case of canned mixed sweet corn and red bean. After production, and after 1 week of thermostating at 55°C and storage at room temperature for 4 and 8 weeks, the changes in pH value, salt concentration, water-soluble dry matter content, colour, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of the brine were all evaluated in this experiment. The results showed that both acerola extracts were promising in fixing the colour, with the higher application of the first extract and the lowest and highest dosage of the second extract showing the best results. During storage, the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of some samples decreased slightly compared to their initial values.
{"title":"Effect of plant extracts on some quality parameters of canned mixed sweet corn-red bean","authors":"Balázs Máté, B. Góczán, M. Máté","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.51-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.51-60","url":null,"abstract":"The leading export product of Hungary is canned sweetcorn, which is available in single-component or blended varieties with a focus on colour retention, for wich the food industry mainly uses ascorbic acid and EDTA in the brine of canned vegetable. Thoughtful customer behavior is pushing the food industry to switch to natural plant extracts instead of synthetic additives. In order to investigate if acerola plant extract is suitable as a replacement for ascorbic acid, we investigated the potential uses of two varieties of acerola extract in three different concentrations in the case of canned mixed sweet corn and red bean. After production, and after 1 week of thermostating at 55°C and storage at room temperature for 4 and 8 weeks, the changes in pH value, salt concentration, water-soluble dry matter content, colour, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of the brine were all evaluated in this experiment. The results showed that both acerola extracts were promising in fixing the colour, with the higher application of the first extract and the lowest and highest dosage of the second extract showing the best results. During storage, the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of some samples decreased slightly compared to their initial values.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.46-50
L. Csambalik, Sámuel Andor Hollinetz, A. Divéky-Ertsey
In industrialised countries, around 670 million tonnes of food are lost every year, much of it still fit for human consumption. Due to the special nutrient management of organic farming, root vegetables have a higher dry matter content and a lower nitrate content, which also affects their shelf-life. The effect of storage under domestic conditions was investigated in our experiments on organic and conventional carrot lots. It was found that packaged organic carrots in a 4°C environment showed the longest shelf life, lowest nitrate content and weight loss during household storage. The results of the experiment may contribute to lower food waste through changes in consumer habits.
{"title":"Changes of physical and chemical parameters of organic and conventional carrots during storage","authors":"L. Csambalik, Sámuel Andor Hollinetz, A. Divéky-Ertsey","doi":"10.14232/analecta.2023.4.46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.4.46-50","url":null,"abstract":"In industrialised countries, around 670 million tonnes of food are lost every year, much of it still fit for human consumption. Due to the special nutrient management of organic farming, root vegetables have a higher dry matter content and a lower nitrate content, which also affects their shelf-life. The effect of storage under domestic conditions was investigated in our experiments on organic and conventional carrot lots. It was found that packaged organic carrots in a 4°C environment showed the longest shelf life, lowest nitrate content and weight loss during household storage. The results of the experiment may contribute to lower food waste through changes in consumer habits.","PeriodicalId":213647,"journal":{"name":"Analecta Technica Szegedinensia","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.69-76
Anna Illés, Eszter Nagy, Rebeka Ráhel Nagy, T. Tari
The presence of different bird species in inhabited areas is becoming increasingly common. The problem with these species is that they are more likely to spread pathogens, contaminate public and private land with their droppings, cause economic damage or even frighten the public. One of the most notable conflict species causing environmental pressures in populated areas is the feral pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica), whose populations are increasing worldwide. Adequate practices and methods are available to reduce the problem. However, their applicability and effectiveness may vary from one locality to another due to the different characteristics of the localities and the different causes of the pigeons' presence. Therefore, it is essential to think in terms of town-specific solutions, the preparation of which requires, among other things, an assessment of the temporal and spatial pattern of occurrence of the species causing the conflict, an understanding of the extent of damage and an overview of the population's level of information. In our study, we investigated the environmental pressures of the feral pigeon in the historical city centre of Sopron, using a combination of the three elements mentioned above. For this purpose, we carried out a monthly visual population assessment combined with a photographic technique at sample points for one year. We conducted a field visit to the area to draw up a damage map of the study area and a spatial localisation of existing control methods. Questionnaire surveys complemented this to assess the public's awareness of the issue. In light of the results, we drew up a map of the pigeon conflict in the city centre of Sopron and identified possible solutions.
在有人居住的地区出现不同种类的鸟类的情况越来越普遍。这些物种的问题在于，它们更容易传播病原体，用粪便污染公共和私人土地，造成经济损失，甚至惊吓公众。野鸽子（Columba livia f. domestica）是在人口稠密地区造成环境压力的最显著的冲突物种之一，其数量在全球范围内不断增加。目前已有适当的做法和方法来减少这一问题。然而，由于各地的特点不同，鸽子出现的原因也不同，因此这些方法的适用性和有效性也会因地而异。因此，必须考虑针对具体城镇的解决方案，而要准备这些解决方案，除其他事项外，还需要对造成冲突的物种出现的时间和空间模式进行评估，了解鸽子造成的损害程度，并对鸽群的信息水平进行概述。在我们的研究中，我们综合运用了上述三个要素，调查了索普龙历史市中心野鸽子的环境压力。为此，我们在一年的时间里，每月对样本点进行一次目测种群数量评估，并结合摄影技术。我们对该地区进行了实地考察，绘制了研究区域的破坏地图，并对现有的控制方法进行了空间定位。作为补充，我们还进行了问卷调查，以评估公众对这一问题的认识。根据调查结果，我们绘制了索普伦市中心鸽子冲突地图，并确定了可能的解决方案。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2023.4.10-15
Prasanth Sambaraju
Statistical tests like t test are used to test the hypothesis for comparison of mean between two groups. The result from a t test is used to determine if there a significant difference between the two samples mean, which cannot be attributed to sampling error or to random occurrence. A t test is considered a parametric test, meaning test samples should meet assumptions of normality, equal variances and independence. The article aims to calculate the power of unpaired t test using simulation in Microsoft Excel.
t 检验等统计检验用于检验两组平均值比较的假设。t 检验的结果用于确定两个样本的平均值之间是否存在显著差异，这种差异不能归因于抽样误差或随机发生。t 检验被视为参数检验，即检验样本应符合正态性、等方差和独立性假设。本文旨在使用 Microsoft Excel 进行模拟，计算非配对 t 检验的功率。
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