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Customer acquisition activities of web stores 网络商店的客户获取活动
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.90-96
E. Lendvai, Gábor Tóth
Based on the domestic and international market trends of the last decades, it can be stated that the number and turnover of web stores, internet commerce is growing dynamically from year to year. The aim of our research is to explore the effective, proven customer acquisition methods of modern web stores. As part of this, the subject of our literature research was to explore the popular advertising platforms for web stores and their basic marketing principles and their optimal structure based on them. In our professional research, on the one hand, we explored through structured interviews what methods and communication are considered effective by the three webshops competing and selling in the different markets based on their experiences. On the other hand, we examined the shopping habits and preferences of consumers in the form of a questionnaire. The information obtained in this way can be crucial in planning the marketing strategy for any existing or new web store. We have found that one of the most important attributes in acquiring customers is reliability. From the beginning, you should strive for positive customer reviews as well as regular value creation proficiency must be demonstrated through content production, with which the business can build a committed community.
根据近几十年来国内外市场的发展趋势,可以说,网络商店的数量和营业额逐年动态增长。我们研究的目的是探索有效的,成熟的现代网络商店的客户获取方法。作为其中的一部分,我们的文献研究的主题是探讨流行的网络商店广告平台及其基本营销原则和基于此的最优结构。在我们的专业研究中,一方面,我们通过结构化访谈,根据三个网络商店在不同市场的竞争和销售经验,探讨了哪些方法和沟通是有效的。另一方面,我们以问卷的形式考察了消费者的购物习惯和偏好。以这种方式获得的信息对于任何现有或新的网络商店的营销策略规划都是至关重要的。我们发现,获得客户最重要的属性之一是可靠性。从一开始,您就应该努力获得积极的客户评论,并且必须通过内容生产来证明定期价值创造的熟练程度,这样企业就可以建立一个承诺的社区。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of synthesis on composite/laminated starch-gelatine based biopolymer film properties 合成对复合/层状淀粉-明胶基生物聚合物薄膜性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.50-55
D. Šuput, S. Popović, Jovana Ugarković, N. Hromiš
Biopolymer films have an increasing share in the packaging material sector due to a number of advantages: availability, cheapness, easy processing, degradability, etc. On the other hand, numerous methods have been developed to optimize their unfavorable properties (weaker mechanical characteristics, hydrophilicity, etc.). This paper examines the influence of the synthesis method on starch-gelatin films properties. The starch-gelatin film was synthesized in a ratio 1:1 as a composite film (C). The second sample was obtained by gelatin film lamination on starch film (L). Plain starch film was used as a control (0). Mechanical, structural and physico-chemical properties of importance for the application of packaging materials were tested on the obtained samples. All the obtained biopolymer films were transparent and easy to handle. FTIR spectroscopy identified all characteristic groups and bonds formed in composite and laminated films. The results showed a significant contribution of gelatin in the developed biopolymer films compared to the control sample. Gelatin incorporated as a film component or as a separate layer improved mechanical properties and water solubility. Slight differences were observed between composite and laminated films because the effect of the method of added gelatin is minimal compared to the sample without the addition of gelatin.
生物聚合物薄膜在包装材料领域占有越来越大的份额,因为它具有许多优点:可用性、廉价性、易于加工、可降解性等。另一方面,已经开发了许多方法来优化它们的不利特性(较弱的机械特性,亲水性等)。研究了合成方法对淀粉-明胶薄膜性能的影响。以1:1的比例合成淀粉-明胶薄膜作为复合薄膜(C)。将明胶薄膜层压在淀粉薄膜(L)上得到第二种样品。以普通淀粉薄膜作为对照(0)。在得到的样品上测试了对包装材料应用有重要意义的机械、结构和物理化学性能。所得生物聚合物薄膜透明,易于处理。FTIR光谱识别了复合膜和层压膜中形成的所有特征基团和键。结果表明,与对照样品相比,明胶在开发的生物聚合物薄膜中有显著的贡献。明胶作为薄膜成分或单独的一层加入,提高了机械性能和水溶性。在复合膜和层压膜之间观察到细微的差异,因为添加明胶的方法的效果与不添加明胶的样品相比是最小的。
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引用次数: 0
Creating the Conceptual and Logical Model of a Journal Database 创建期刊数据库的概念和逻辑模型
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.110-121
György Hampel
This article describes the process of creating the conceptual and logical model of a journal database. To efficiently extract the information from the articles published in the journal so far, the idea of creating a database has emerged. To create a database, it is recommended to design a high-level conceptual model and convert that into a logical data model. The benefit of the thoughtful design is that it shows the structure of the database in an easily comprehensible form. The entity-relationship model is a fast and efficient way to create the conceptual model and it can be easily converted to a relational database model, which is a logical model. The initial version of the entity-relationship model of the journal database had one entity type, 25 attributes, and no relationship. The final version contained three entity types, 39 attributes, and three relationships. This final conceptual model was converted to a logical model, the relational model. The result was ten tables to store entity data with 22 different fields and another three tables to ensure the relationships between the tables. The developed model can be created in a relational database manager and is suitable for serving information needs related to the journal.
本文描述了创建期刊数据库的概念模型和逻辑模型的过程。为了有效地从期刊迄今发表的文章中提取信息,创建数据库的想法出现了。要创建数据库,建议设计一个高级概念模型,并将其转换为逻辑数据模型。深思熟虑的设计的好处是,它以易于理解的形式显示了数据库的结构。实体-关系模型是创建概念模型的一种快速有效的方法,它可以很容易地转换为关系数据库模型,而关系数据库模型是一种逻辑模型。期刊数据库的实体-关系模型的初始版本有一个实体类型,25个属性,没有关系。最终版本包含三个实体类型、39个属性和三个关系。这个最终的概念模型被转换为逻辑模型,即关系模型。结果是10个表用于存储包含22个不同字段的实体数据,另外3个表用于确保表之间的关系。所开发的模型可以在关系数据库管理器中创建,适合于服务与期刊相关的信息需求。
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引用次数: 0
A new approach for imperfect boundary conditions on the dynamic behavior 一种求解非完美边界条件下动力特性的新方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.56-61
Z. Praisach, Dorel Adeljan, D. Pîrșan, Gilbert-Rainer Gillich
Real beams have non-ideal boundary conditions and it is necessary to use new models to determine the real modal parameters. Models that use ideal conditions do not fully reflect reality and can lead to unsatisfactory description of the dynamic behavior. The hinged – hinged boundary conditions, which is in the focus of the paper, are not analyzed as a single beam, but as a continuous beam with three spans, free at the ends. The continuous beam with three spans is analyzed for cases in which the intermediate supports can occupy any position along the length of the beam, by an analytical solution of the problem, with the example of cases when the intermediate supports are located very close at the free ends of the continuous beam, thus simulating the real case for an hinged beam at both ends; the situation in which the intermediate supports are very close to one of the ends of the beam, thus simulating the real case of the clamped beam, with an imperfect clamped end; and the situation in which the intermediate supports are very close located anywhere on the beam length, thus simulating the hypothetic case with a continuous beam free at the ends and fix on the hinged supports. The analytic results are compared with numerical results by using finite elements method.
实梁具有非理想边界条件,需要采用新的模型来确定实模态参数。使用理想条件的模型不能完全反映现实,并可能导致对动态行为的不满意描述。本文所关注的铰铰边界条件不是作为单梁来分析,而是作为端部自由的三跨连续梁来分析。通过解析解,分析了三跨连续梁中间支座沿梁长任意位置的情况,并以中间支座位于连续梁自由端非常接近的情况为例,模拟了两端铰接梁的实际情况;中间支承非常靠近梁的一端的情况,从而模拟了实际的夹紧梁的情况,具有不完全的夹紧端;并且中间支撑点在梁长任意位置非常接近的情况,从而模拟了连续梁两端自由并固定在铰接支撑点上的假设情况。用有限元方法将解析结果与数值结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
Developing fatigue test machine for composite material 研制复合材料疲劳试验机
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.83-89
P. Szuchy, T. Molnar, I. Bíró, S. Csikós, L. Gogolák, J. Sárosi
This paper’s goal is to introduce the third step of the EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00014. project on the Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged. In this period the production technology of composite material was chosen and a fatigue test machine was developed and tested. The paper shortly describes the composite materials and summarizes the theory of fatigue than it presents the process of the development with several prototypes of fatigue test machine, some of which were manufactured and tested. Initially a shaker played the key role in the first two conceptions and finally a crank mechanism became as the best solution. The main solved problems during the development were selection of bearings and solving the partly dynamic balancing of the moving parts.
本文的目标是介绍EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00014的第三步。塞格德大学工程学院项目。这一时期选择了复合材料的生产工艺,研制了疲劳试验机并进行了试验。本文简要介绍了复合材料,总结了疲劳理论,介绍了几种疲劳试验机样机的研制过程,并对其中一些样机进行了制造和试验。最初,激振器在前两个概念中起着关键作用,最后,曲柄机构成为最佳解决方案。在研制过程中主要解决了轴承的选择和运动部件的局部动平衡问题。
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引用次数: 1
Detection of transversal cracks in prismatic cantilever beams with weak clamping using machine learning 基于机器学习的弱夹紧棱镜悬臂梁横向裂纹检测
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.122-128
Lupu David, Tufisi Cristian, Gillich Rainer-Gilbert, Ardeljan Mario
Because our infrastructure is aging and approaching the end of its intended functioning time, the detection of damage or loosening of joints is a topic of high importance in structural health monitoring. The most desired way to assess the health of engineering structures during operation is to use non-destructive vibration-based methods that can offer a global evaluation of the structure’s integrity. A comparison of using different modal data for training feedforward backpropagation neural networks for detecting transverse damages in beam-like structures that can also be affected by imperfect boundary conditions is presented in the current paper. The different RFS, RFSmin, and DLC training datasets are generated by applying an analytical method, previously developed by our research team, that uses a known relation, based on the modal curvature, severity estimation of the transverse crack, and the estimated severity for the weak clamping. The obtained dataset values are employed for training three feedforward backpropagation neural networks that will be used to locate transverse cracks in cantilever beams and detect if the structure is affected by weak clamping. The output from the three ANN models is compared by plotting the calculated error for each case.
由于我们的基础设施正在老化,接近其预期的功能时间,检测损伤或关节松动是结构健康监测中一个非常重要的话题。评估工程结构在运行过程中的健康状况最理想的方法是使用基于非破坏性振动的方法,这种方法可以对结构的完整性进行全局评估。本文比较了使用不同模态数据训练前馈反向传播神经网络来检测类梁结构的横向损伤,这种结构也可能受到不完全边界条件的影响。不同的RFS、RFSmin和DLC训练数据集是通过应用我们的研究团队先前开发的分析方法生成的,该方法使用已知关系,基于模态曲率、横向裂纹的严重程度估计和弱夹紧的估计严重程度。获得的数据集值用于训练三个前馈反向传播神经网络,这些神经网络将用于定位悬臂梁中的横向裂缝并检测结构是否受到弱夹紧的影响。通过绘制每种情况下的计算误差来比较三种人工神经网络模型的输出。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of gear pitting severity by using various condition monitoring indicators 利用各种状态监测指标评价齿轮点蚀严重程度
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.34-41
Camelia Rodica Sfetcu, Z. Korka, A. Bloju, Dalina Elena Traistaru, Corneliu Hrimiuc
Fault detection techniques based on vibration measurement are implemented to identify in an early stage failures appearing in gear transmissions. Condition monitoring indicators (CMI), like: Root Mean Square (RMS), Crest Factor, Kurtosis, FMO, FM4, Energy ratio, Energy operator, NA4 or NB4, are used to estimate the level of gear faults such as pitting, cracks, spalling, scuffing or scoring. However, in is multitude of indicators, the question that arises is: which CMI is the most sensitive in estimating the severity of defects? Thus, this paper presents an extensive comparison between the before mentioned indicators computed from vibration signals collected on four pinions with different pitting grades, created by artificial means. The pinions where incorporated in a single helical gearbox and the tests were performed on an open-energy test rig at three different input speeds. This comparative study assesses the receptivity of different condition monitoring indicators towards gear pitting failure.
采用基于振动测量的故障检测技术,对齿轮传动系统出现的故障进行早期识别。状态监测指标(CMI),如:均方根(RMS),波峰系数,峰度,FMO, FM4,能量比,能量算子,NA4或NB4,用于估计齿轮故障的水平,如点蚀,裂纹,剥落,磨损或划伤。然而,在众多的指标中,出现的问题是:哪一个CMI在估计缺陷的严重程度方面是最敏感的?因此,本文对上述指标进行了广泛的比较,这些指标是从人工制造的不同点蚀等级的四个小齿轮上收集的振动信号中计算出来的。这些小齿轮被整合在一个单一的螺旋齿轮箱中,并在一个开放能量试验台上以三种不同的输入速度进行测试。本比较研究评估了不同状态监测指标对齿轮点蚀失效的接受程度。
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引用次数: 0
Enrichment of rare earth elements from contaminated biomass prior to extraction 萃取前从污染生物质中富集稀土元素
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.77-82
T. Dinh, Zsolt Dobó, H. Kovács
Under the context of reserve depletion, recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from secondary resources is essential which assists to strengthen the circular economy. Contaminated biomass growing from brownfield lands is a potential material for REE recovery. However, prior to the extraction stage, polluted plants need to be lessened to a manageable volume. In this study, contaminated biomass gathered from an abandoned mining area was combusted in a pilot-scale boiler, while solid residuals from different positions in the burning system were collected and analyzed. Higher REE concentration in the ash samples compared to that in the woody biomass indicates the efficiency of the combustion process from the metal enrichment point of view. The significant metal concentration in the solid remains is an advantage for the following step of extraction to reclaim REEs. It was concluded that the concentration of REEs in bottom ash is greater than in the other solid residuals. That indicates that the volatility of rare earth minerals is limited during biomass incineration.
在稀土储量枯竭的背景下,从二次资源中回收稀土元素是加强循环经济的必要条件。棕地受污染的生物质是一种潜在的稀土回收材料。然而,在提取阶段之前,受污染的植物需要减少到一个可控的体积。在这项研究中,从废弃矿区收集的污染生物质在一个中试规模的锅炉中燃烧,同时收集和分析了燃烧系统中不同位置的固体残留物。与木质生物质相比,灰分样品中的REE浓度较高,表明燃烧过程的金属富集效率较高。固体残留物中显著的金属浓度对提取稀土元素的后续步骤是有利的。结果表明,底灰中稀土元素的含量高于其他固体残留物。说明生物质焚烧过程中稀土矿物的挥发性受到限制。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of ultrafiltration parameters of different organic load wastewater types 不同有机负荷废水类型的超滤参数研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.129-135
E. Fodor, Z. Šereš, G. Gergely, C. Hodúr, S. Kertész
Almost a third of Earth’s freshwater resources are used by municipalities, agriculture and industries and therefore very large quantities of wastewater are generated and discharged into surface water or groundwater. If discharged inadequately and without previous treatment, wastewater can cause chemical pollution, affect aquatic life as well as human health and have a negative impact on the environment. An emerging technology for wastewater treatment is the membrane separation process due to the low cost, the use of ambient temperature, the low energy consumption compared to other traditional techniques, and the high selectivity of different separation mechanisms with compact design. In this study, ultrafiltration (UF) technique was investigated to treat wastewater with different organic loads. The effects of the stirring and a three-dimensional (3D) printed spacer, integrated into the UF cell were analyzed on the permeate fluxes, membrane rejections of turbidity, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
地球上近三分之一的淡水资源被市政当局、农业和工业使用,因此产生了大量废水并排放到地表水或地下水中。如果排放不当和未经事先处理,废水会造成化学污染,影响水生生物和人类健康,并对环境产生负面影响。膜分离技术是一种新兴的污水处理技术,由于其成本低,利用环境温度,与其他传统技术相比能耗低,不同分离机制的选择性高,设计紧凑。研究了超滤技术对不同有机负荷废水的处理效果。分析了搅拌和三维打印间隔片对超滤膜的渗透通量、膜截留浊度、电导率和化学需氧量(COD)的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Sensor fusion-based localization methods for mobile robots 基于传感器融合的移动机器人定位方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.1-7
Á. Odry, Dominik Csík, Massimo Stefanoni, Peter Sarcevic
Localization aims to provide the best estimate of the robot pose. It is a crucial algorithm in every robotics application, since its output directly determines the inputs of the robot to be controlled in its configuration space. In real world of engineering, the robot dynamics related measurements are subject to both uncertainties and disturbances. These error sources yield unreliable inferences of the robot state, which inherently result in wrong consensus about the appropriate control strategy to be applied. This outcome may drive the system out of stability and damage both the physical system and its environment. The localization algorithm captures the uncertainties with probabilistic approaches. Namely, the measurement processes are modelled along with their unreliability, moreover, the synergy of multiple information sources is formulated with the aim to calculate the most probable estimate of the robot pose. In essence, this algorithm is composed of two main parts, i.e., first the dynamics of the system is derived, and the corresponding uncertainties are initially predicted, next the additional sensor information is incorporated in the algorithm to refine the posterior estimate. This approach provides the state-of-the-art solution for the derivation of mobile robot poses in real applications.
定位的目的是提供机器人姿态的最佳估计。它是每一个机器人应用中的关键算法,因为它的输出直接决定了被控制机器人在其位形空间中的输入。在实际工程中,与机器人动力学相关的测量受到不确定性和干扰的影响。这些误差源产生了对机器人状态的不可靠推断,从而固有地导致了对应用适当控制策略的错误共识。这种结果可能会使系统失去稳定性,并破坏物理系统及其环境。定位算法用概率方法捕获不确定性。即,对测量过程及其不可靠性进行建模,并制定了多个信息源的协同作用,目的是计算机器人姿态的最可能估计。从本质上讲,该算法主要由两部分组成,首先对系统的动力学进行推导,并对相应的不确定性进行初步预测,然后在算法中加入附加的传感器信息,对后验估计进行细化。该方法为实际应用中移动机器人姿态的推导提供了最先进的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Analecta Technica Szegedinensia
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