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Evaluating the severity of transverse cracks in beam-like structures by using an energy loss method 用能量损失法评价类梁结构横向裂纹的严重程度
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.42-49
Vasile Marius Pop, Tufisi Cristian, Gilbert-Rainer Gillich, Daniela Georgiana Burtea
Over functioning time, structures can be affected by multiple types of damages caused by fatigue, improper production methods, or exceeding loads. The current paper describes a method for evaluating the severity of transverse cracks that are present in beam-like structures based on changes in the natural frequencies. Because the presence of damage has a negative impact on the energy that a beam can store in the affected section, it is possible to find the influence of the crack on any other position along the beam, considering the stored normalized energy in that location. The technique is based on a mathematical relationship that provides the exact solution to the frequency changes of the bending vibration modes, considering two terms. The first term is related to the tensile energy stored in the beam, and the second term considers the increase of flexibility due to cracks, for this reason, damage assessment is performed in two stages; first, the location of the crack is found and then an assessment of its severity is performed. In this study, the aim is to test the developed method for estimating the severity of transverse cracks for different sections and lengths of beams.
随着时间的推移,结构可能会受到疲劳、不适当的生产方法或过度载荷引起的多种类型的损伤的影响。本文描述了一种基于固有频率变化来评估梁状结构中存在的横向裂缝严重性的方法。由于损伤的存在会对梁在受影响截面中存储的能量产生负面影响,因此考虑到在该位置存储的归一化能量,有可能找到裂缝对沿梁任何其他位置的影响。该技术基于一种数学关系,该关系提供了考虑两项的弯曲振动模式频率变化的精确解。第一项考虑的是储存在梁中的拉伸能,第二项考虑的是由于裂缝而增加的柔度,因此损伤评估分两阶段进行;首先,找到裂缝的位置,然后对其严重程度进行评估。在这项研究中,目的是测试开发的方法估计横向裂缝的严重程度不同截面和长度的梁。
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引用次数: 0
Antibacterial effect of edible coatings with essential oil 精油食用涂料的抗菌效果
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.71-76
Anita Vidács
Food preservation technologies are a continuously renewed area because of industrial and customer needs, social transformation and environmentally friendly processing and climate change. The shelf life of perishable food products must be extended with different technologies, for example using green methods like the edible coating (EC). EC is made from different biopolymers (chitosan, alginate, gelatine, agar), the effect can increase with using plant extracts. In this study, the effect of chitosan EC, chitosan EC+thyme essential oil (EO); effect of alginate EC, alginate EC+thyme EO was examined on fresh chicken breast having artificial contamination with Escherichia coli; Enterococcus faecalis, that the EC can extend the shelf life. The organoleptic quality of baked treated chicken breast was established also. Based on the result both EC can decrease the cell number (with 1-3 log CFU/g) on treated chicken breast and this antimicrobial effect was enhanced with thyme essential oil (3.2 µl/ml concentration). There was significant differences (p<0.05) between the two edible coatings. Alginate had better preservation effect, than chitosan. However, the thyme EO could increase the antimicrobial activity of chitosan in higher values, than the effect of alginate EC. In this experiment, the E. faecalis was more sensitive to treatment than the E. coli. In conclusion, the edible coating can be used as an alternative preservation technique and these combined with essential oils can extend the shelf life of chicken breast fillet.
由于工业和客户需求、社会转型和环境友好型加工以及气候变化,食品保鲜技术是一个不断更新的领域。易腐食品的保质期必须通过不同的技术来延长,例如使用可食用涂层(EC)等绿色方法。EC是由不同的生物聚合物(壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、明胶、琼脂)制成的,使用植物提取物可以提高效果。本研究考察了壳聚糖EC、壳聚糖EC+百里香精油(EO)的作用;考察了海藻酸EC、海藻酸EC+百里香EO对人工污染大肠杆菌的新鲜鸡胸肉的处理效果;粪肠球菌,认为EC可以延长保质期。并对烤制鸡胸肉的感官品质进行了评价。结果表明,两种EC均能降低处理过的鸡胸肉的细胞数量(1-3 log CFU/g),且百里香精油(3.2 μ l/ml)能增强其抑菌作用。两种食用涂层之间差异显著(p<0.05)。海藻酸盐的保鲜效果优于壳聚糖。百里香精油对壳聚糖的抑菌活性的增强作用高于海藻酸酯精油。在这个实验中,粪肠杆菌比大肠杆菌对治疗更敏感。综上所述,可食用涂层可作为鸡胸肉的一种替代保鲜技术,并与精油相结合,可延长鸡胸肉的保质期。
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引用次数: 1
A mobile fixture system for friction stir welding application 一种用于搅拌摩擦焊接的移动夹具系统
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.97-109
A. Rasheed, T. Ogedengbe, T. Abioye
In an attempt to provide a more flexible means of achieving friction stir welding (FSW) of Aluminum without the use of expensive FSW machine tool, which are not readily available, this study developed a mobile fixture system (MFS) for FSW on Vertical milling Machine Tool (VMMT) and Pillar drilling machine Tool (PDMT). A conceptual design of the fixture system with a moving work table, which provides for transverse feed (movement) of the workpieces during FSW, was generated.  The detailed design of the components of the MFS was done using existing mechanical design formulae. Subsequently, the design was fabricated and evaluated. An ATmega 328P Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to design a control system to automate the MFS worktable movement. Results revealed that the MFS worked smoothly during FSW of AA 1100 materials. The MFS performed well during the FSW of the Aluminum materials on the VMMT as well as the PDMT. The efficiency of its motion accuracy was estimated as 87.2%. Also, the trend of the tensile strength and the hardness value as well as the joint efficiencies of the AA 1100 weldments produced using the developed MFS agreed with existing studies.
为了提供一种更灵活的方法来实现铝的搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW),而不使用昂贵的搅拌摩擦焊接机床(这是不容易获得的),本研究开发了一种移动夹具系统(MFS),用于立式铣床(VMMT)和支柱钻孔机床(PDMT)上的搅拌摩擦焊接。产生了一个带有移动工作台的夹具系统的概念设计,该系统在FSW期间提供工件的横向进给(运动)。利用现有的力学设计公式对MFS的各部件进行了详细设计。随后,对设计进行了制作和评估。采用atmega328p Arduino Uno微控制器设计了MFS工作台自动移动控制系统。结果表明,MFS在aa1100材料的FSW过程中工作平稳。MFS在铝材料在VMMT和PDMT上的FSW中表现良好。估计其运动精度效率为87.2%。此外,利用所开发的MFS制备的aa1100焊接件的抗拉强度、硬度值以及接头效率的变化趋势与已有的研究结果一致。
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引用次数: 0
The protective effects of dietary polyphenols on Alzheimer's disease 膳食多酚对阿尔茨海默病的保护作用
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.14-26
Ünkan Urganci, F. Işık
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neurodegenerative disease in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population among 40 million cases worldwide today, it is thought that this number will exceed up to 100 million by 2050. The disease is characterized by symptoms of memory loss, difficulty in speaking, decision making, learning, problem solving, and impaired perception of time and orientation. In its pathogenesis, the amyloid beta (Aβ) senile plaques accumulation in the extracellular synaptic spaces of the neurocortex, the formation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFY) are important and triggered neurodegeneration mainly affects cognitive behavior and memory. Phenolic compounds are organic compounds containing a benzene ring to which one or more hydroxyl groups are attached. Studies have shown that regular consumption of polyphenols reduces the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have reported that polyphenols inhibit Aβ production and accumulation processes by interacting with different forms of amyloid structure. In this study, polyphenols and their therapeutic properties against AD will be discussed extensively.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种发生在大脑海马体和皮层区域的进行性不可逆的神经退行性疾病,是当今全球4000万老年痴呆症患者中最常见的原因,据认为到2050年这一数字将超过1亿。该疾病的特征是记忆丧失、说话、决策、学习、解决问题困难以及对时间和方向的感知受损。在其发病机制中,β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)老年斑在神经皮层细胞外突触间隙的积累、细胞内高磷酸化tau蛋白沉积的形成和神经原纤维缠结(NFY)的形成是重要的,引发的神经退行性变主要影响认知行为和记忆。酚类化合物是含有苯环的有机化合物,苯环上附着一个或多个羟基。研究表明,经常食用多酚可以降低患神经退行性疾病的风险。研究报道,多酚通过与不同形式的淀粉样蛋白结构相互作用抑制Aβ的产生和积累过程。在本研究中,将广泛讨论多酚及其对AD的治疗作用。
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引用次数: 0
Designing an Excel VBA function to recognize more important irrational numbers 设计一个Excel VBA函数来识别更重要的无理数
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2022.1.62-70
Z. Fabulya
Calculations typically performed on a calculator or computer show the result as a decimal fraction if it is not an integer. It would be easier to interpret the result if a value could be expressed with integers and operations, such as the root subtraction operation. This article shows how this can be done with a developed algorithm in Microsoft Excel, which recognizes the most famous irrational numbers and displays them in text form together with the character of the operation sign. For example, “5√3/2” is given for 4.330127019. It is also useful to display irrational numbers with integers because only an infinite number of decimal places in a decimal fraction could show the exact value, and that is not possible. So, the developed algorithm can display a more interpretable and accurate form of the irrational number. In addition to the results that can be written as square roots, the algorithm is capable of displaying irrational numbers that can be expressed as the number Pi, using the π character. The Excel algorithm which was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications shows all rational numbers as the quotient of two integers that are relative primes.
通常在计算器或计算机上执行的计算,如果结果不是整数,则显示为十进制分数。如果一个值可以用整数和运算(比如根减法运算)来表示,那么解释结果就更容易了。本文介绍了如何在Microsoft Excel中开发一种算法,该算法可以识别最著名的无理数,并将其与操作符号字符一起以文本形式显示。例如,4.330127019给出“5√3/2”。用整数显示无理数也很有用,因为在小数分数中只有无限个小数位数才能显示精确的值,而这是不可能的。因此,所开发的算法可以显示出更易于解释和准确的无理数形式。除了可以写成平方根的结果外,该算法还能够显示可以用π字符表示为圆周率的无理数。在Visual Basic for Applications中实现的Excel算法将所有有理数显示为两个相对素数整数的商。
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引用次数: 0
Soft Robotics 柔软的机器人
Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.2174/97898150517281220101
A. Mészáros, J. Sárosi
Widely used robot systems have a rigid base structure that limits the interaction with their environment. Due to the inflexible attachment points, conventional robotic structures can only manipulate objects with their special gripping system. It can be difficult for these systems to grasp objects with different shapes, handle complex surfaces or navigating in a heavily crowded environment. Many of the species observed in nature, like octopuses are able to perform complex sequences of movements using their soft-structured limbs, which are made up entirely of muscle and connective tissue. Researchers have been inspired to design and build robots based on these soft biological systems. Thanks to the soft structure and high degree of freedom, these soft robots can be used for tasks that would be extremely difficult to perform with traditional robot manipulators. This article discusses the capabilities and usability of soft robots, reviews the state of the art, and outlines the challenges in designing, modelling, manufacturing, and controlling.
广泛使用的机器人系统具有刚性的基础结构,限制了其与环境的相互作用。由于附着点的不灵活,传统的机器人结构只能通过其特殊的抓取系统来操纵物体。这些系统很难抓住不同形状的物体,处理复杂的表面或在拥挤的环境中导航。在自然界中观察到的许多物种,比如章鱼,能够用它们柔软的四肢完成复杂的动作序列,四肢完全由肌肉和结缔组织组成。研究人员受到启发,设计和制造基于这些软生物系统的机器人。由于软结构和高度自由度,这些软机器人可以用于传统机器人操作器难以执行的任务。本文讨论了软机器人的功能和可用性,回顾了目前的技术状况,并概述了在设计、建模、制造和控制方面的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Changes in the energy production to reduce the environmental impact 改变能源生产方式,减少对环境的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2021.2.41-52
G. Hornyak, P. Bencs
One of the most debated topics of our time is climate change. For this reason, the European Union and the countries of the world are taking several steps to reduce and reverse the effect. When we talk about climate change or sustainable development, it is very important to also talk about the energy sector. The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which will require significant changes in our lives, it will be a major challenge for mankind. In 2019, fossil fuels accounted for 80% of the world’s energy production. The production of energy from fossil fuels has several negative effects aside from climate change. When fossil fuels are burned, gases and particles harmful to human health are released into the air and some of the fossil fuels are raw materials to produce plastics, for example. If we use it for energy production, we waste our raw materials. What are the options for reducing the environmental impact? How can coal-based energy production be replaced? What are other ways to reduce the environmental impact? These topics are discussed in the article.
我们这个时代最具争议的话题之一是气候变化。为此,欧洲联盟和世界各国正在采取若干步骤来减少和扭转这种影响。当我们谈论气候变化或可持续发展时,也要谈论能源部门。欧盟的目标是到2050年实现气候中和,这将要求我们的生活发生重大变化,这将是人类面临的重大挑战。2019年,化石燃料占世界能源产量的80%。除了气候变化之外,从化石燃料中生产能源还有几个负面影响。当化石燃料燃烧时,对人体健康有害的气体和颗粒被释放到空气中,例如,一些化石燃料是生产塑料的原材料。如果我们把它用于能源生产,我们就浪费了原材料。有什么办法可以减少对环境的影响?如何取代以煤为基础的能源生产?还有什么其他方法可以减少对环境的影响?本文将讨论这些主题。
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引用次数: 0
Corrosion resistance of surface-conditioned 301 and 304 stainless steels by salt spray test 盐雾试验研究表面处理301和304不锈钢的耐蚀性
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2021.2.9-19
T. Olugbade, B. O. Omiyale
The corrosion rate of surface-conditioned 301 and 304 stainless steels (SS) was determined by salt spray test in a controlled accelerated corrosive medium (9.5 L of pure distilled water + 500 g NaCl). By surface conditioning via mechanical attrition treatment, a gradient-structured layer was firstly generated on the surface of the samples before the salt spray test. The corrosion rate was determined by the weight loss before and after the salt spray test. Compared to the untreated 301 SS sample with a weight loss of 0.15 g, the surface-conditioned samples treated for 300 s and 1200 s experienced a lower weight loss of 0.04 and 0.02 g, respectively. A similar reduction in weight loss was achieved for 304 SS sample when treated for 5, 10, and 20 mins.
采用盐雾试验测定了表面处理301和304不锈钢(SS)在受控加速腐蚀介质(9.5 L纯蒸馏水+ 500 g NaCl)中的腐蚀速率。在盐雾试验前,通过机械摩擦处理的表面调理,首先在试样表面形成梯度结构层。腐蚀速率由盐雾试验前后的失重量决定。与未处理的301 SS样品(失重0.15 g)相比,处理300 s和1200 s的表面处理样品的失重率分别为0.04 g和0.02 g。304 SS样品在处理5分钟、10分钟和20分钟时,重量损失也有类似的减少。
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引用次数: 5
Analog and digital modeling of sound and impaired periodontal supporting tissues during mechanical testing 机械测试中健全和受损牙周支撑组织的模拟和数字建模
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2021.2.84-97
Veronika T. Szabó, Balázs P. Szabó, Tamás Tarjányi, Eszter Szőke-Trenyik, B. Szabó, M. Fráter
Periodontitis is one of the most common conditions affecting oral health among adults, posing a great challenge for both patients and also for dentists aiming to treat this disease. In severe stages such deterioration of the supporting tissues, namely the periodontal ligaments and the bone, can occur, which will affect the biomechanical behavior and therefore the longevity and survival of the affected teeth. In order to be able to plan both periodontal and subsequent restorative treatment properly, valid modelling of the current clinical situation is advised. The aim of the present article is to comprehensively discuss possible analog and digital modeling methods of periodontally affected teeth and the periodontal structures surrounding them. Modelling possibilities can serve later as the basis of mechanical load, digital finite element studies, and also aid clinical treatment planning.
牙周炎是影响成年人口腔健康的最常见疾病之一,对患者和牙医都提出了巨大的挑战。在严重的阶段,支持组织,即牙周韧带和骨骼,可能会发生退化,这将影响生物力学行为,从而影响受影响牙齿的寿命和存活。为了能够正确规划牙周和随后的恢复性治疗,建议对当前临床情况进行有效的建模。本文的目的是全面讨论可能的牙周影响牙齿和周围牙周结构的模拟和数字建模方法。建模的可能性可以作为机械载荷、数字有限元研究的基础,也可以帮助临床治疗计划。
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引用次数: 3
Significance of clean water for sustainable good health in Nigeria 清洁水对尼日利亚可持续良好健康的重要性
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.14232/analecta.2021.2.1-8
Ayokunle O. Familusi, A. Adekunle, A. A. Badejo, O. J. Adeosun, K. A. Mujedu, Joel O. Olusami, Babatunde E. Adewumi, Damilola A. Ogundare
The significance of the impact of water-related diseases on human health has been recognized as a major threat to sustainable human development in some international forums. This study is an investigation into the correlation between unclean water and the outbreak of water-related diseases in Nigeria. It was established from the review of previous researches that the concept of clean water and sanitation is critical to the good health and well-being of all individuals. Nigeria still has a long way to go towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal number 6 (SDG 6) of the United Nations, hence it is high time government at all levels and individuals embraced Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) agenda 2030.
一些国际论坛认识到,与水有关的疾病对人类健康的重大影响是对可持续人类发展的重大威胁。本研究旨在调查尼日利亚不洁净水与与水有关的疾病爆发之间的相关性。对以往研究的回顾表明,清洁饮水和卫生设施的概念对所有人的良好健康和福祉至关重要。尼日利亚要实现联合国可持续发展目标6 (SDG 6)还有很长的路要走,因此各级政府和个人都应该接受2030年水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)议程。
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引用次数: 1
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Analecta Technica Szegedinensia
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