Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.011
S. S. Moni, S. Menachery, M. E. Elmobark, M. F. Alam, Gassem Gohal, K. Abdelsalam, Soha Taymour, V. K. Basode, D. Banji
The desert plant C. retrospiciens (Ehrenb.) is an inhabitant of the southern region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The stem of C. retrospiciens produces a gel which is often applied by local people to cure wounds. This study was aimed at determination of the antifungal effect of the exudate gel (EG) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). The antifungal activity of EG was measured using agar well diffusion method. Results showed excellent antifungal activity of the exudate gel. The spectrum of antifungal activity of EG against C. albicans was almost equivalent to that of standard amphotericin B, with statistical insignificance (p < 0.05).
{"title":"Assessment of Antifungal Properties of the Exudate Gel from the Stem of Caralluma retrospiciens Against Clinical Isolate of Candida albicans","authors":"S. S. Moni, S. Menachery, M. E. Elmobark, M. F. Alam, Gassem Gohal, K. Abdelsalam, Soha Taymour, V. K. Basode, D. Banji","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.011","url":null,"abstract":"The desert plant C. retrospiciens (Ehrenb.) is an inhabitant of the southern region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The stem of C. retrospiciens produces a gel which is often applied by local people to cure wounds. This study was aimed at determination of the antifungal effect of the exudate gel (EG) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). The antifungal activity of EG was measured using agar well diffusion method. Results showed excellent antifungal activity of the exudate gel. The spectrum of antifungal activity of EG against C. albicans was almost equivalent to that of standard amphotericin B, with statistical insignificance (p < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84613866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.010
N. Belhaj, R. Bencheikh, M. A. Benbouzid, L. Essakalli
Mature teratomas, or teratoid tumors, or benign teratomas, of the nasal cavity and sinuses are exceptional the diagnosis is histopathological and shows within the lesion different types of tissue: fat, glial, muscular, cartilaginous, bone and respiratory. Teratomas are rare congenital neoplasms that originate from pluripotent cells. In this article, we report the first case of a nasal teratoma. We also discuss methods for diagnosing and treating upper respiratory teratomas, and include a brief literature review.
{"title":"Rare and Unusual Cause of Adults Epistaxis","authors":"N. Belhaj, R. Bencheikh, M. A. Benbouzid, L. Essakalli","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.010","url":null,"abstract":"Mature teratomas, or teratoid tumors, or benign teratomas, of the nasal cavity and sinuses are exceptional the diagnosis is histopathological and shows within the lesion different types of tissue: fat, glial, muscular, cartilaginous, bone and respiratory. Teratomas are rare congenital neoplasms that originate from pluripotent cells. In this article, we report the first case of a nasal teratoma. We also discuss methods for diagnosing and treating upper respiratory teratomas, and include a brief literature review.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.009
Agam Hans, Tanu Kundal, C. Atreja, P. Kaur, Shivam Marria, Sanjukta Sanjukta
Introduction: Many new inflammatory markers are being extensively used recently for assessing the severity and prognosis of chronic conditions. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) because of its simplicity and affordability stands out. Its applicability to psychiatric disorders specifically Depression is an eye-opener. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), a clinician-based scoring system is better among other self-scoring systems where the study population is semi-illiterate. Materials and Method: Total of 80 patients over a period of 1 year presenting to psychiatric OPD with depressive symptoms were evaluated for the severity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using HAM-D scale. A score of 7-17, 18-24 and >25 was categorised under mild, moderate, and severe degrees respectively. NLR was calculated and was correlated with their severity. Statistical analysis was done using PSPP software and p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of the 80 patients 45 were females and 35 were males. The average age was 35.41 years ± 10.13 SD. 23 patients categorised under mild depression had mean NLR of 1.56 ± 0.46 SD, 40 patients with moderate depression and 17 patients with severe depression had mean NLR of 2.70 ± 1.08 SD and 4.62 ± 1.31 SD respectively. The mean value of NLR for patients of severe depression lied in the Mild-Moderate Inflammation zone (3-7). P-value was <0.05 and was considered significant. Discussion: A novel and easy biomarker like NLR can be as useful as assessing Inflammatory Cytokines like IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α for assessing the severity of MDD. Rise of cortisol in persistent stress favours an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in lymphocytes, and thus, increased NLR. Thus, a rise of NLR with increasing severity of Depression could become a robust tool in future for predicting mortality and severity in patients suffering from MDD.
{"title":"Correlation of Severity of Depression with a Novel Inflammatory Marker: Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio","authors":"Agam Hans, Tanu Kundal, C. Atreja, P. Kaur, Shivam Marria, Sanjukta Sanjukta","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many new inflammatory markers are being extensively used recently for assessing the severity and prognosis of chronic conditions. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) because of its simplicity and affordability stands out. Its applicability to psychiatric disorders specifically Depression is an eye-opener. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), a clinician-based scoring system is better among other self-scoring systems where the study population is semi-illiterate. Materials and Method: Total of 80 patients over a period of 1 year presenting to psychiatric OPD with depressive symptoms were evaluated for the severity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using HAM-D scale. A score of 7-17, 18-24 and >25 was categorised under mild, moderate, and severe degrees respectively. NLR was calculated and was correlated with their severity. Statistical analysis was done using PSPP software and p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of the 80 patients 45 were females and 35 were males. The average age was 35.41 years ± 10.13 SD. 23 patients categorised under mild depression had mean NLR of 1.56 ± 0.46 SD, 40 patients with moderate depression and 17 patients with severe depression had mean NLR of 2.70 ± 1.08 SD and 4.62 ± 1.31 SD respectively. The mean value of NLR for patients of severe depression lied in the Mild-Moderate Inflammation zone (3-7). P-value was <0.05 and was considered significant. Discussion: A novel and easy biomarker like NLR can be as useful as assessing Inflammatory Cytokines like IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α for assessing the severity of MDD. Rise of cortisol in persistent stress favours an increase in neutrophils and a reduction in lymphocytes, and thus, increased NLR. Thus, a rise of NLR with increasing severity of Depression could become a robust tool in future for predicting mortality and severity in patients suffering from MDD.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78393884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.008
R. Mustapha, A. M. Nafisatu, Magaji A. S, U. L., O. A. Adoum, A. K. Rabil, A. A, Y. Abdulmumin
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases found in the tropics and subtropics. P. falcifarum resistance to almost all anti-malarial drugs has necessitated the search for anti-malarial compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiplasmodial effects of crude leaf and stem bark extracts of T. avicennioides, a plant utilized by traditional healers in Northern Nigeria to treat malaria and other ailments. Brine shrimp lethality (cytotoxicity) assay and acute toxicity were also evaluated, which are considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity in plant extracts. The median lethal dosage (LD50) was calculated by administering different doses of the extract (100–4000 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to three groups of three mice each for 24 hours and observing the animals for physical sign of toxicity. Three models were employed to assess the extracts antiplasmodial effectiveness in vivo against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei: suppressive, curative, and repository. The leaf and stem bark extracts were found to show significant toxicity to brine shrimp larvae of Artemia salina in the brine shrimp lethality test with LC50 values of >1000 and 29.6 respectively. Excitation, paw licking, and death were symptoms of acute toxicity of the extracts based on physical and behavioral observations. Death was recorded at 1000 mg/Kg of the stem bark extract and the LD50 is ≤100 mg/Kg body weight while for the leaf extract it was estimated to be ≤600 mg/Kg with no death record. In vivo evaluation revealed that the extracts significantly (P <0.05) reduced parasite count in all models (suppressive, curative and prophylactic), with high average percentage inhibition of parasitaemia (54.68, 58.67 and 65.61%) seen in both T. avicennioides leaf and stem bark extracts, which was comparable to that produced by chloroquine and artesunate, respectively (64.31&93.1; 70.08&80.67; 63.40&75.20%). Both extracts had moderate antiplasmodial activity and were non-toxic to mice and brine shrimps. This finding validates the plant's traditional use in malaria treatment.
{"title":"Toxicity Studies and in vivo Antiplasmodial Evaluation of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Terminalia avicennioides","authors":"R. Mustapha, A. M. Nafisatu, Magaji A. S, U. L., O. A. Adoum, A. K. Rabil, A. A, Y. Abdulmumin","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.008","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases found in the tropics and subtropics. P. falcifarum resistance to almost all anti-malarial drugs has necessitated the search for anti-malarial compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiplasmodial effects of crude leaf and stem bark extracts of T. avicennioides, a plant utilized by traditional healers in Northern Nigeria to treat malaria and other ailments. Brine shrimp lethality (cytotoxicity) assay and acute toxicity were also evaluated, which are considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity in plant extracts. The median lethal dosage (LD50) was calculated by administering different doses of the extract (100–4000 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to three groups of three mice each for 24 hours and observing the animals for physical sign of toxicity. Three models were employed to assess the extracts antiplasmodial effectiveness in vivo against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei: suppressive, curative, and repository. The leaf and stem bark extracts were found to show significant toxicity to brine shrimp larvae of Artemia salina in the brine shrimp lethality test with LC50 values of >1000 and 29.6 respectively. Excitation, paw licking, and death were symptoms of acute toxicity of the extracts based on physical and behavioral observations. Death was recorded at 1000 mg/Kg of the stem bark extract and the LD50 is ≤100 mg/Kg body weight while for the leaf extract it was estimated to be ≤600 mg/Kg with no death record. In vivo evaluation revealed that the extracts significantly (P <0.05) reduced parasite count in all models (suppressive, curative and prophylactic), with high average percentage inhibition of parasitaemia (54.68, 58.67 and 65.61%) seen in both T. avicennioides leaf and stem bark extracts, which was comparable to that produced by chloroquine and artesunate, respectively (64.31&93.1; 70.08&80.67; 63.40&75.20%). Both extracts had moderate antiplasmodial activity and were non-toxic to mice and brine shrimps. This finding validates the plant's traditional use in malaria treatment.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77950352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.006
Maan Ali Almokdad, Ashraf ALakkad
Background: Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (OIS) ranks as the third most prevalent orbital disease, following thyroid eye disease and orbital lymphoma. In cases of localized inflammation, various structures within the orbit can be affected. This includes the Extraocular Muscles (orbital myositis), lacrimal gland (dacryoadenitis), sclera (scleritis), uvea (uveitis), as well as the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome). Case Presentation: In this report, we discuss the case of a 35-year-old man who went to the Emergency Department due to intense, throbbing pain in his eye orbit and half of his head on the right side. He had been experiencing this pain for two days. The pain was aggravated by eye movement and accompanied by ipsilateral redness, mild photophobia, and blurred vision. The patient had no significant medical history prior to this episode. Upon eye evaluation, findings included mild swelling of the right eyelids, painful eye movements, inferior corneal erosions, and conjunctival chemosis with superficial and deep vessel congestion. Visual acuity was reduced due to myopic refractive error. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion in the right orbital apex extending into the right cavernous sinus, suggesting an inflammatory etiology such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. To investigate further, the patient underwent various diagnostic tests, including laboratory investigations, chest X-rays, and serological tests. These tests revealed unremarkable findings, ruling out systemic pathology. The patient received intravenous Solumedrol (Methylprednisolone) followed by oral Prednisolone, resulting in a dramatic improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in evaluating severe orbital and hemi cranial pain. Prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy can lead to rapid symptom resolution and favorable outcomes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
{"title":"Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Case Report","authors":"Maan Ali Almokdad, Ashraf ALakkad","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (OIS) ranks as the third most prevalent orbital disease, following thyroid eye disease and orbital lymphoma. In cases of localized inflammation, various structures within the orbit can be affected. This includes the Extraocular Muscles (orbital myositis), lacrimal gland (dacryoadenitis), sclera (scleritis), uvea (uveitis), as well as the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome). Case Presentation: In this report, we discuss the case of a 35-year-old man who went to the Emergency Department due to intense, throbbing pain in his eye orbit and half of his head on the right side. He had been experiencing this pain for two days. The pain was aggravated by eye movement and accompanied by ipsilateral redness, mild photophobia, and blurred vision. The patient had no significant medical history prior to this episode. Upon eye evaluation, findings included mild swelling of the right eyelids, painful eye movements, inferior corneal erosions, and conjunctival chemosis with superficial and deep vessel congestion. Visual acuity was reduced due to myopic refractive error. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion in the right orbital apex extending into the right cavernous sinus, suggesting an inflammatory etiology such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. To investigate further, the patient underwent various diagnostic tests, including laboratory investigations, chest X-rays, and serological tests. These tests revealed unremarkable findings, ruling out systemic pathology. The patient received intravenous Solumedrol (Methylprednisolone) followed by oral Prednisolone, resulting in a dramatic improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in evaluating severe orbital and hemi cranial pain. Prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy can lead to rapid symptom resolution and favorable outcomes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.005
G. Loé, Doretta Egbe Ayuk, Ngozi Caroline, Ngah Ludwine, Jacques Yinyang, C. Ngoule, Bertin Sone
Aims: The World Health Organisation defines self-medication as the act of selection and use of medicine by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and symptoms or by health professionals to use drugs not prescribed by the treating physician. WHO has reported a prevalence of self-medication of 32.5% to 81.5% worldwide. In Cameroon a prevalence of 67,8%, and 41,9% has been reported in some studies. This study sought to assess the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence, associated risk factors and the common medications of self-medication at the Bonassama and Cite des Palmiers Health Districts of Douala, Cameroon. Place and duration of the study: the study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 in two health districts in Douala, Bonassama and Cite des Palmiers. Methodology: It was a descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, reasons for self-medication, class of medications commonly self-medicated data was collected. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses will be made by Chi square and Fisher’s exact test and reported as odd ratios, adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 83% of participants carried out the practice of self-medication. One of the major reasons for self-medicate was the fact that they thought that the illness was not serious with a prevalence of 46,6%, followed by cost saving (33,2%). The most common disease treated by self-medication was headache (81,5%), and the most represented class of drug were analgesics (84,7%); drugs were bought in community pharmacies (64,7%) and illicit market (44,9%). The statistically significant reasons for self-medication were cost saving, convenience, not serious illness, prior experience, long wait times in hospitals and accessibility of pharmacies. Conclusion: Self-medication is a widespread practice throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. This study has illuminated the prevalence and causes of self-medication in our environment. The prevalence of self-medication is high due to several factors and arguments, including cost saving, convenience, illness was not serious, prior experience, long wait times at hospitals, and availability of pharmacies.
目的:世界卫生组织将自我药疗定义为个人选择和使用药物来治疗自我认识的疾病和症状，或卫生专业人员使用治疗医生未开处方的药物的行为。世卫组织报告说，全世界自我药疗的流行率为32.5%至81.5%。在喀麦隆，一些研究报告的患病率为67.8%和41.9%。这项研究旨在评估喀麦隆杜阿拉Bonassama和Cite des Palmiers卫生区的社会人口特征、流行程度、相关风险因素和自我药疗的常用药物。研究地点和持续时间:研究于2022年12月至2023年5月在杜阿拉、博纳萨马和帕尔米耶斯市的两个卫生区进行。方法:采用描述性和分析性横断面研究。收集社会人口学、自我用药原因、常用药物类别等数据。描述性统计、单变量和多变量分析将通过卡方检验和费雪精确检验进行，并以奇比、调整奇比和95%置信区间报告。p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:83%的参与者进行了自我药疗的实践。自我药疗的主要原因之一是他们认为疾病不严重(患病率为46.6%)，其次是节省费用(33.2%)。自我药疗治疗最常见的疾病是头痛(81.5%)，最具代表性的药物是镇痛药(84.7%);在社区药房(64.7%)和非法市场(44.9%)购买药物。有统计学意义的自我药疗原因是节省费用、方便、病情不严重、有经验、在医院等待时间长和药房可及性。结论:自我药疗是世界上普遍的做法，特别是在发展中国家。这项研究阐明了在我们的环境中自我药疗的普遍性和原因。由于几个因素和争论，自我药疗的流行率很高，包括节省费用，方便，病情不严重，先前的经验，在医院等待时间长，以及药房的可用性。
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-Medication in Two Health Districts in Douala, Cameroon: Bonassama and Cite des Palmiers","authors":"G. Loé, Doretta Egbe Ayuk, Ngozi Caroline, Ngah Ludwine, Jacques Yinyang, C. Ngoule, Bertin Sone","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.005","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The World Health Organisation defines self-medication as the act of selection and use of medicine by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and symptoms or by health professionals to use drugs not prescribed by the treating physician. WHO has reported a prevalence of self-medication of 32.5% to 81.5% worldwide. In Cameroon a prevalence of 67,8%, and 41,9% has been reported in some studies. This study sought to assess the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence, associated risk factors and the common medications of self-medication at the Bonassama and Cite des Palmiers Health Districts of Douala, Cameroon. Place and duration of the study: the study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 in two health districts in Douala, Bonassama and Cite des Palmiers. Methodology: It was a descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, reasons for self-medication, class of medications commonly self-medicated data was collected. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses will be made by Chi square and Fisher’s exact test and reported as odd ratios, adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 83% of participants carried out the practice of self-medication. One of the major reasons for self-medicate was the fact that they thought that the illness was not serious with a prevalence of 46,6%, followed by cost saving (33,2%). The most common disease treated by self-medication was headache (81,5%), and the most represented class of drug were analgesics (84,7%); drugs were bought in community pharmacies (64,7%) and illicit market (44,9%). The statistically significant reasons for self-medication were cost saving, convenience, not serious illness, prior experience, long wait times in hospitals and accessibility of pharmacies. Conclusion: Self-medication is a widespread practice throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. This study has illuminated the prevalence and causes of self-medication in our environment. The prevalence of self-medication is high due to several factors and arguments, including cost saving, convenience, illness was not serious, prior experience, long wait times at hospitals, and availability of pharmacies.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84302496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.004
H. Kalkoul, S. Lehachi, M. Chettibi
This article examines the use of oral antidiabetic agents in the treatment of heart failure. Heart failure is a serious condition that is often associated with diabetes mellitus, which worsens the prognosis for patients. Oral antidiabetic agents, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, have recently gained increasing interest due to their potential beneficial effects on cardiac function. Clinical studies have shown that these medications reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, decrease hospitalizations for heart failure, and improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure, whether they are diabetic or not. The mechanisms of action of these medications include blood pressure reduction, improvement in endothelial function, modulation of cardiac energy metabolism, and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to better understand the long-term effectiveness and optimization of the use of these medications in the context of heart failure.
{"title":"The Use of Oral Antidiabetics in Heart Failure: A Promising Therapeutic Approach","authors":"H. Kalkoul, S. Lehachi, M. Chettibi","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the use of oral antidiabetic agents in the treatment of heart failure. Heart failure is a serious condition that is often associated with diabetes mellitus, which worsens the prognosis for patients. Oral antidiabetic agents, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, have recently gained increasing interest due to their potential beneficial effects on cardiac function. Clinical studies have shown that these medications reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, decrease hospitalizations for heart failure, and improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure, whether they are diabetic or not. The mechanisms of action of these medications include blood pressure reduction, improvement in endothelial function, modulation of cardiac energy metabolism, and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to better understand the long-term effectiveness and optimization of the use of these medications in the context of heart failure.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90330481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.003
Sallahi Hicham, Arabi Hafid
Objective: The objective of this work is to list the surgeries using the fascia lata. Background: The fascia lata finds a place in decayed tissues. The indications are getting wider and wider. Method: We used the PubMed database with the following words: fascia lata, ilio-tibial band, fascia lata and surgery, ilio-tibial band and surgery, fascia lata and reconstruction, ilio-tibial band and reconstruction. Results: Fascia lata is used in the reconstruction of anatomical defects. Specifically, it is used in: Hip to supplement abduction- Shoulder in glenohumeral instability, repair of the cap- Hand and fingers to reconstruct tendons- Eyes: for palpebral ptosis and scleritis - Base of the skull to reconstruct defects- Central nervous system: cerebral dura mater and Cerebrospinal Fluid leak- Otorhinolaryngology: thyroplasty, parotid surgery, rhinoplasty, tympanoplasty- Digestive tract- Tendons: Achilles, patellar, fibular, patellar, patellar, bicipital brachial and crural tendons - Ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, inguinal and retinaculum patellar - Perineum and penis reconstruction - Urology: Genital prolapse, fistulas and penile reconstruction - Abdominal incisional hernias - Breast reconstruction - Eschar - Thorax - Encology. Finally, in experimentation, the fascia lata is tested on cadavers, animals and in vitro. Conclusion: Because of the particular properties of fascia lata in reconstruction, it renders an enormous service to surgery. The development of techniques in surgery would allow its use in other indications.
{"title":"A Noble Structure of the Musculoskeletal System in Various Surgeries: The Fascia Lata","authors":"Sallahi Hicham, Arabi Hafid","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this work is to list the surgeries using the fascia lata. Background: The fascia lata finds a place in decayed tissues. The indications are getting wider and wider. Method: We used the PubMed database with the following words: fascia lata, ilio-tibial band, fascia lata and surgery, ilio-tibial band and surgery, fascia lata and reconstruction, ilio-tibial band and reconstruction. Results: Fascia lata is used in the reconstruction of anatomical defects. Specifically, it is used in: Hip to supplement abduction- Shoulder in glenohumeral instability, repair of the cap- Hand and fingers to reconstruct tendons- Eyes: for palpebral ptosis and scleritis - Base of the skull to reconstruct defects- Central nervous system: cerebral dura mater and Cerebrospinal Fluid leak- Otorhinolaryngology: thyroplasty, parotid surgery, rhinoplasty, tympanoplasty- Digestive tract- Tendons: Achilles, patellar, fibular, patellar, patellar, bicipital brachial and crural tendons - Ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, inguinal and retinaculum patellar - Perineum and penis reconstruction - Urology: Genital prolapse, fistulas and penile reconstruction - Abdominal incisional hernias - Breast reconstruction - Eschar - Thorax - Encology. Finally, in experimentation, the fascia lata is tested on cadavers, animals and in vitro. Conclusion: Because of the particular properties of fascia lata in reconstruction, it renders an enormous service to surgery. The development of techniques in surgery would allow its use in other indications.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73809524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.002
Bedor Alotaiby, Nesreen Faiz Falemban
The word "glomerulonephritis" refers to a group of kidney illnesses marked by immune-mediated destruction to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia. Acute Kidney Injury episodes in glomerular disease are typically caused by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). acute glomerulonephritis is caused by immunologically mediated damage caused by numerous infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, or protozoa, as well as non-infectious causes such as Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP). The most prevalent infectious cause is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). The emergency physician must conduct a thorough physical examination and obtain a complete medical history, including herbal agents, sports supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcineurin inhibitors, among other medications. In addition, the patient's blood pressure, weight, hydration status, edoema, skin manifestations, pulmonary and cardiac examinations must all be correctly monitored. Because there is no particular medication for renal illness, the treatment for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is mostly supportive. The underlying infections must be addressed when acute glomerulonephritis (GN) is accompanied with chronic infections. The critical care unit's expertise may be required for the treatment of individuals with hypertensive encephalopathy or pulmonary edoema. A nephrologist's consultation may be necessary. Renal function, blood pressure, edoema, serum albumin, and urine protein excretion rate should all be evaluated on an outpatient basis. In this article, we will be reviewing Acute glomerulonephritis, its evaluation as well as management.
{"title":"Overview on Management of Acute Glomerulonephritis in the ED","authors":"Bedor Alotaiby, Nesreen Faiz Falemban","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.002","url":null,"abstract":"The word \"glomerulonephritis\" refers to a group of kidney illnesses marked by immune-mediated destruction to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia. Acute Kidney Injury episodes in glomerular disease are typically caused by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). acute glomerulonephritis is caused by immunologically mediated damage caused by numerous infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, or protozoa, as well as non-infectious causes such as Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP). The most prevalent infectious cause is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). The emergency physician must conduct a thorough physical examination and obtain a complete medical history, including herbal agents, sports supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcineurin inhibitors, among other medications. In addition, the patient's blood pressure, weight, hydration status, edoema, skin manifestations, pulmonary and cardiac examinations must all be correctly monitored. Because there is no particular medication for renal illness, the treatment for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is mostly supportive. The underlying infections must be addressed when acute glomerulonephritis (GN) is accompanied with chronic infections. The critical care unit's expertise may be required for the treatment of individuals with hypertensive encephalopathy or pulmonary edoema. A nephrologist's consultation may be necessary. Renal function, blood pressure, edoema, serum albumin, and urine protein excretion rate should all be evaluated on an outpatient basis. In this article, we will be reviewing Acute glomerulonephritis, its evaluation as well as management.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78268124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary rectal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare form of gastrointestinal lymphoma, representing less than 0.5% of all colorectal neoplasms; Clinical symptoms are similar to those of rectal cancer. This article presents a rare case of primary rectal lymphoma discussed by a thorough review of the literature.
{"title":"Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Rectum: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Abdouh Chaimae, Salihoun Mouna, Bouhamou Fatiha, Serraj Ilham, Acharki Mohamed, Kabbaj Nawal","doi":"10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Primary rectal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare form of gastrointestinal lymphoma, representing less than 0.5% of all colorectal neoplasms; Clinical symptoms are similar to those of rectal cancer. This article presents a rare case of primary rectal lymphoma discussed by a thorough review of the literature.","PeriodicalId":21367,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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