Safety Science最新文献

英文中文

Study on the longitudinal airflow velocity and maximum temperature of the smoke layer under the ceiling in naturally ventilated inclined tunnels

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106795

Jiayun Sun , Wenyu Liu , Junheng Wang , Zhi Tang

This study investigates the inlet airflow velocity and the maximum temperature of the smoke layer underneath the ceiling in naturally ventilated inclined tunnels by means of CFD simulations and theoretical analysis. The findings of this research indicate that the chimney-effect induced inlet airflow velocity is proportional to the

1 / 3

power of the tunnel height difference (

Δ h

) and fire heat release rate (HRR). However, the smoke stratification occurring downstream of the fire source exerts a significant influence on the inlet airflow velocity. It is also illustrated that the maximum temperature of the smoke layer underneath the tunnel ceiling highly depends on the HRR and tunnel height difference, rather than being solely determined by the tunnel slope. The position of the maximum temperature is found to be closely related to the tunnel height difference, but independent of HRR. A predictive model has been devised to estimate the maximum smoke temperature underneath the tunnel ceiling. Comparative study of the smoke maximum temperature between naturally ventilated inclined tunnels and longitudinal ventilated horizontal tunnels shows that the influence of fire heat release rate on the smoke maximum temperature of inclined tunnels is less pronounced than that of horizontal tunnels.

{"title":"Study on the longitudinal airflow velocity and maximum temperature of the smoke layer under the ceiling in naturally ventilated inclined tunnels","authors":"Jiayun Sun , Wenyu Liu , Junheng Wang , Zhi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the inlet airflow velocity and the maximum temperature of the smoke layer underneath the ceiling in naturally ventilated inclined tunnels by means of CFD simulations and theoretical analysis. The findings of this research indicate that the chimney-effect induced inlet airflow velocity is proportional to the <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span> power of the tunnel height difference (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>) and fire heat release rate (HRR). However, the smoke stratification occurring downstream of the fire source exerts a significant influence on the inlet airflow velocity. It is also illustrated that the maximum temperature of the smoke layer underneath the tunnel ceiling highly depends on the HRR and tunnel height difference, rather than being solely determined by the tunnel slope. The position of the maximum temperature is found to be closely related to the tunnel height difference, but independent of HRR. A predictive model has been devised to estimate the maximum smoke temperature underneath the tunnel ceiling. Comparative study of the smoke maximum temperature between naturally ventilated inclined tunnels and longitudinal ventilated horizontal tunnels shows that the influence of fire heat release rate on the smoke maximum temperature of inclined tunnels is less pronounced than that of horizontal tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A risk assessment method to quantify the effect of human reliability on storage tank safety combining optimized CREAM and dynamic Bayesian network

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106796

Xin Li , Fanliang Ge , Weidong Lin , Fuqiang Yang

Human error, as a major accident causal factor, can trigger an storage tank fire accident and delay the activation of active protection. In this work, a domino-human intervention model was proposed to assess the effect of human reliability on domino fire accidents. The optimized cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) was constructed to calculate the human error probability (HEP). The dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) of the domino-human intervention model was constructed by the probability of fire escalation and HEP. Among them, the analyzed network includes an initial accident scenario and a safety barrier protection scenario. Lastly, the domino-human intervention model was applied in a case study. The application of the model is validated in the case study, which confirms that HEP can reduce storage tank safety, as well as have a delayed effect on active protection. The proposed model will serve as an assessment tool for the effect of human reliability on domino accidents.

引用次数: 0

Crime prevention through environmental design in public school career and technical education facilities: Principals’ perceptions of security enhancement

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106781

Elizabeth Ekren , Rachel E. Hall , Eryn Pierdolla , Valerie Barnes , Alison Jarzombek-Torralva , Douglas Morrish , Kathy Martinez-Prather

Career and technical education (CTE) facilities on school campuses present unique security challenges due to their distinct layouts, structures, and equipment, which require tailored security considerations given expanding CTE student populations and increasing concerns of school violence. Drawing on principles of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) with Texas as a case application, this study developed a novel survey instrument to evaluate the influence of CTE facility design features and security activities on principals’ perceptions of facility security. One hundred and eighty-three public middle and high school principals in Texas participated in the survey. A series of four hierarchical multiple regressions found that principals perceived CTE facilities as more secure the more they aligned with CPTED-oriented qualities. Security approaches more conventionally used in school settings, such as the use of security equipment and organized security activities, were not significantly associated with higher perceptions of facility security when design features were considered. The results suggest that integrating CPTED features into CTE classroom spaces can foster security perceptions similar to those in broader school design contexts, highlighting the importance of security approaches that include more than conventional classrooms and go beyond mechanical or organizational activities. District and school administrators, emergency management coordinators, and CTE program personnel can apply these results to improve the design of CTE facilities and non-traditional classrooms, as well as the content of comprehensive facility plans, to enhance holistic approaches to school safety and security.

{"title":"Crime prevention through environmental design in public school career and technical education facilities: Principals’ perceptions of security enhancement","authors":"Elizabeth Ekren , Rachel E. Hall , Eryn Pierdolla , Valerie Barnes , Alison Jarzombek-Torralva , Douglas Morrish , Kathy Martinez-Prather","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Career and technical education (CTE) facilities on school campuses present unique security challenges due to their distinct layouts, structures, and equipment, which require tailored security considerations given expanding CTE student populations and increasing concerns of school violence. Drawing on principles of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) with Texas as a case application, this study developed a novel survey instrument to evaluate the influence of CTE facility design features and security activities on principals’ perceptions of facility security. One hundred and eighty-three public middle and high school principals in Texas participated in the survey. A series of four hierarchical multiple regressions found that principals perceived CTE facilities as more secure the more they aligned with CPTED-oriented qualities. Security approaches more conventionally used in school settings, such as the use of security equipment and organized security activities, were not significantly associated with higher perceptions of facility security when design features were considered. The results suggest that integrating CPTED features into CTE classroom spaces can foster security perceptions similar to those in broader school design contexts, highlighting the importance of security approaches that include more than conventional classrooms and go beyond mechanical or organizational activities. District and school administrators, emergency management coordinators, and CTE program personnel can apply these results to improve the design of CTE facilities and non-traditional classrooms, as well as the content of comprehensive facility plans, to enhance holistic approaches to school safety and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is safety? contemporary definitions and interpretations across North America

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106798

Yaqoob Raheemy, Fred Sherratt, Matthew R. Hallowell

Definitions form the foundation of every scientific discipline. Lack of precise definition hinders the scientific community, preventing the testing of hypotheses, replication of protocols, and debate on conclusions. The term ‘Safety’ is widely used in myriad different contexts, creating the impression that there is agreement about its meaning. This belief is reinforced by its frequent use, leading to a reasonable assumption that it is universally comprehended. However, there is very limited research on how safety is defined. Drawing on 518 qualitative responses from safety professionals across North America to the question ‘what is safety?’, thematic analysis reveals that we are still far from consensus. No single precise definition of safety emerged from within the community, and thus a shared definition remains elusive. A temporal lens could be applied to the various definitions shared, with safety considered in past, present and future terms, each with their own associated constructs. Whilst a single definition of safety appears improbable to attain, common definitions are needed to advance collaboration among stakeholders across various sectors. Further work is needed to drive consensus towards such definitions to better underpin comparable and consistent safety research, able to advance safety practices and enable practitioners, researchers, and organizations to collectively work together towards safer environments that benefit all.

{"title":"What is safety? contemporary definitions and interpretations across North America","authors":"Yaqoob Raheemy, Fred Sherratt, Matthew R. Hallowell","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Definitions form the foundation of every scientific discipline. Lack of precise definition hinders the scientific community, preventing the testing of hypotheses, replication of protocols, and debate on conclusions. The term ‘Safety’ is widely used in myriad different contexts, creating the impression that there is agreement about its meaning. This belief is reinforced by its frequent use, leading to a reasonable assumption that it is universally comprehended. However, there is very limited research on how safety is defined. Drawing on 518 qualitative responses from safety professionals across North America to the question ‘what is safety?’, thematic analysis reveals that we are still far from consensus. No single precise definition of safety emerged from within the community, and thus a shared definition remains elusive. A temporal lens could be applied to the various definitions shared, with safety considered in past, present and future terms, each with their own associated constructs. Whilst a single definition of safety appears improbable to attain, common definitions are needed to advance collaboration among stakeholders across various sectors. Further work is needed to drive consensus towards such definitions to better underpin comparable and consistent safety research, able to advance safety practices and enable practitioners, researchers, and organizations to collectively work together towards safer environments that benefit all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abrupt maneuvers in General Aviation accidents

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106785

Alex de Voogt , Yi Lu , Feiang Pan , Helen Zuckerman

Objectives

Abrupt maneuvers are an event category with a proportion of fatal accidents that is higher than in the broader category of General Aviation flights while mostly taking place in favorable light and weather conditions. This study aims to analyze this event category with suggestions for possible mitigating strategies.

Methods

A total of 226 accidents reporting abrupt maneuvers were collected from the National Transportation Safety Board online database and coded type of aircraft, flight phases, instructional flights, and pilot characteristics. A Poisson regression model with the total flight hours as an offset was used to determine trends over time, while an ordinal logistic regression model with highest injury level as the response was applied to determine variables significantly associated with fatality.

Results and recommendations

The total number of fatal accidents shows a significant downward trend for fixed-wing airplanes but not for helicopters. The ordinal logistic regression model shows that helicopters, physical environment, and the presence of a student pilot are significantly associated with less fatality, with 83.3%, 71.8% and 77.1% reductions in the odds of being more fatal, respectively. Scenario-based training programs that focus on decision-making are likely to assist in mitigating the number of accidents with abrupt maneuvers but are advised to include scenarios in favorable light and weather conditions while also distinguishing between different categories of aircraft.

{"title":"Abrupt maneuvers in General Aviation accidents","authors":"Alex de Voogt , Yi Lu , Feiang Pan , Helen Zuckerman","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Abrupt maneuvers are an event category with a proportion of fatal accidents that is higher than in the broader category of General Aviation flights while mostly taking place in favorable light and weather conditions. This study aims to analyze this event category with suggestions for possible mitigating strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 226 accidents reporting abrupt maneuvers were collected from the National Transportation Safety Board online database and coded type of aircraft, flight phases, instructional flights, and pilot characteristics. A Poisson regression model with the total flight hours as an offset was used to determine trends over time, while an ordinal logistic regression model with highest injury level as the response was applied to determine variables significantly associated with fatality.</div></div><div><h3>Results and recommendations</h3><div>The total number of fatal accidents shows a significant downward trend for fixed-wing airplanes but not for helicopters. The ordinal logistic regression model shows that helicopters, physical environment, and the presence of a student pilot are significantly associated with less fatality, with 83.3%, 71.8% and 77.1% reductions in the odds of being more fatal, respectively. Scenario-based training programs that focus on decision-making are likely to assist in mitigating the number of accidents with abrupt maneuvers but are advised to include scenarios in favorable light and weather conditions while also distinguishing between different categories of aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextualising new safety paradigms: A study in a large Australian construction company

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106784

Nektarios Karanikas, Haroun Zerguine

Considering the scarcity of empirical studies about the contextualisation of new safety initiatives, this exploratory study was performed in a large Australian construction company to assess the presence, implementation appetite and feasibility of 12 principles representing new safety paradigms. First, during focus group sessions, 53 participants, perceived as useful and feasible for further consideration 11 out of the 12 principles. Subsequently, a cross-sectional survey of 514 employees revealed varying degrees of current presence and implementation appetite across business units. While statistical analyses showed some differences across variables such as business units, job roles, and years of experience, the small effect sizes indicated these differences had no practical significance. The study findings demonstrate that implementing new safety principles requires contextualisation to specific organisational needs and highlight the value of participatory approaches in capturing diverse perspectives. A key conclusion is that successful implementation demands tailored strategies across different business units rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Overall, this research contributes to the broader discourse exploring the perceived value of new safety paradigms in the industry.

{"title":"Contextualising new safety paradigms: A study in a large Australian construction company","authors":"Nektarios Karanikas, Haroun Zerguine","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the scarcity of empirical studies about the contextualisation of new safety initiatives, this exploratory study was performed in a large Australian construction company to assess the presence, implementation appetite and feasibility of 12 principles representing new safety paradigms. First, during focus group sessions, 53 participants, perceived as useful and feasible for further consideration 11 out of the 12 principles. Subsequently, a cross-sectional survey of 514 employees revealed varying degrees of current presence and implementation appetite across business units. While statistical analyses showed some differences across variables such as business units, job roles, and years of experience, the small effect sizes indicated these differences had no practical significance. The study findings demonstrate that implementing new safety principles requires contextualisation to specific organisational needs and highlight the value of participatory approaches in capturing diverse perspectives. A key conclusion is that successful implementation demands tailored strategies across different business units rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Overall, this research contributes to the broader discourse exploring the perceived value of new safety paradigms in the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Check or reject? Trust and motivation development in app-based warning systems

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106724

Mira von der Linde , Melanie Göcke , Gerrit Hirschfeld , Meinald T. Thielsch

App-based warning systems notify people of upcoming hazards, but they will only be used if users trust them, which, in turn, depends on the system’s performance (i.e., number of false alarms). Thus, the present work aims to present initial evidence on how trust in warning systems develops over time. We conducted two field experiments in which participants used a mobile (fire) emergency warning system for two weeks with variable conditions. Study 1 combined online and in-app questionnaires in a longitudinal design (N_screening = 623, N_app = 265). Notably, false alarms led to a significant decrease in trustworthiness, trust, motivation, and intention to use, whereas a responsibility diffusion manipulation did not have negative effects. In study 2, we examined under real-life conditions app users’ on-site responses after false alarms by applying questionnaires, behavioural observations, and in-depth interviews (N_screening = 119, N_app = 58). Before the field experiment on site, participants completed a fire safety training. While the training had a positive influence on motivation, gamification of the app showed no effects.

Overall, the results agree with recent models about the development of trust over time and highlight the dynamic nature of our relationship to warning systems. Finally, we derive implications for warning system design.

{"title":"Check or reject? Trust and motivation development in app-based warning systems","authors":"Mira von der Linde , Melanie Göcke , Gerrit Hirschfeld , Meinald T. Thielsch","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>App-based warning systems notify people of upcoming hazards, but they will only be used if users trust them, which, in turn, depends on the system’s performance (i.e., number of false alarms). Thus, the present work aims to present initial evidence on how trust in warning systems develops over time. We conducted two field experiments in which participants used a mobile (fire) emergency warning system for two weeks with variable conditions. Study 1 combined online and in-app questionnaires in a longitudinal design (<em>N<sub>screening</sub></em> = 623, <em>N</em><sub><em>app</em></sub> = 265). Notably, false alarms led to a significant decrease in trustworthiness, trust, motivation, and intention to use, whereas a responsibility diffusion manipulation did not have negative effects. In study 2, we examined under real-life conditions app users’ on-site responses after false alarms by applying questionnaires, behavioural observations, and in-depth interviews (<em>N<sub>screening</sub></em> = 119, <em>N</em><sub><em>app</em></sub> = 58). Before the field experiment on site, participants completed a fire safety training. While the training had a positive influence on motivation, gamification of the app showed no effects.</div><div>Overall, the results agree with recent models about the development of trust over time and highlight the dynamic nature of our relationship to warning systems. Finally, we derive implications for warning system design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationships among Workload, Automation Reliance, and Human Errors in Safety-Critical Monitoring Roles

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106775

Ning-Yuan Georgia Liu , Konstantinos Triantis , Peter Madsen , Bart Roets

While advanced automation technology has alleviated human workload and gradually transformed traditional manual work to monitoring, accidents due to human errors remain one of the largest contributors to unsafe operations. To inform improved managerial decisions, this paper studies how reliance on automation, under different amounts of workload, affects the number of errors in safety–critical socio-technical systems. Using a unique real-world dataset from Railway Traffic Control Centers, that contain 410,269 controller-hour observations, we employ count model analysis to investigate the relationship between human errors with workload and automation usage. Our findings reveal that traffic controller performance (represented by human errors) has a positive relationship with workload, and an inverted U-shape relationship with automation usage. Moreover, there is a significant interaction between the level of workload and automation usage. These insights offers a nuanced understanding of how cognitive workload and automation reliance impact worker performance. Our results suggest that people make fewer mistakes when doing all of (or most of) the work manually or when monitoring the automated system that is doing all or most of the work automatically. These findings provide actionable recommendations for managers on optimizing workload and automation usage balance for safety-critical enviroments.

{"title":"The Relationships among Workload, Automation Reliance, and Human Errors in Safety-Critical Monitoring Roles","authors":"Ning-Yuan Georgia Liu , Konstantinos Triantis , Peter Madsen , Bart Roets","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While advanced automation technology has alleviated human workload and gradually transformed traditional manual work to monitoring, accidents due to human errors remain one of the largest contributors to unsafe operations. To inform improved managerial decisions, this paper studies how reliance on automation, under different amounts of workload, affects the number of errors in safety–critical socio-technical systems. Using a unique real-world dataset from Railway Traffic Control Centers, that contain 410,269 controller-hour observations, we employ count model analysis to investigate the relationship between human errors with workload and automation usage. Our findings reveal that traffic controller performance (represented by human errors) has a positive relationship with workload, and an inverted U-shape relationship with automation usage. Moreover, there is a significant interaction between the level of workload and automation usage. These insights offers a nuanced understanding of how cognitive workload and automation reliance impact worker performance. Our results suggest that people make fewer mistakes when doing all of (or most of) the work manually or when monitoring the automated system that is doing all or most of the work automatically. These findings provide actionable recommendations for managers on optimizing workload and automation usage balance for safety-critical enviroments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of a large fire in an apartment building used for social housing in Norway

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106782

Edvard Aamodt , Anne Steen-Hansen , Asbjørn Lein Aalberg , Torgrim Log , Bjarne Christian Hagen , Vegard Ervik Olsen , Caroline Kristiansen

At 2 a.m. August 7th 2021, the emergency response centre of the city of Bergen, Norway, received a call from a private citizen reporting large flames appearing from a 4 floor 24 apartment municipal building housing people with drug addiction. Upon arrival 11 min later, the first responders faced a fire that had already spread and involved the whole building. To their surprise, all residents were already accounted for outside the building. The present study analyses why the fire developed that fast, why the automatic fire alarm system did not warn the emergency response centre early and how all occupants were accounted for in such a dramatic fire scenario. It turns out that the fire most likely started in one of the all-wooden floor balconies at ground level. The originally planned 1.2 m tall balcony glazing facing a public road had been substituted by wood to ensure privacy and prevent visibility. The balcony subdivision walls had 20 cm gaps at ceiling level. Analysis confirmed that this balcony construction, i.e., all-wooden and with gaps at the top of the division wall, contributed significantly both during the early fire development as well as to the very fast vertical and horizontal fire spread over the entire building façade. Post-fire interviews revealed that a significant number of occupants were awake this night, allowing them to promptly detect the fire in the building. A close-knit relationship network, including both friends and acquaintances, was of major importance regarding door-to-door alarming unaware residents about the immediate danger. From the investigations conducted after the fire it is quite clear that under different circumstances this fire could have resulted in multiple fatalities. Though the incident may be considered a success regarding the “no loss of lives” focus in Norwegian fire safety regulations, the study revealed weaknesses in balcony construction and use of materials as well as lack of exterior automatic fire detection and mitigation of external fires. The study revealed important learning points for future prevention of possibly far worse fire incidents, as well as the importance of a close-knit relationship network in a crisis situation.

{"title":"Analysis of a large fire in an apartment building used for social housing in Norway","authors":"Edvard Aamodt , Anne Steen-Hansen , Asbjørn Lein Aalberg , Torgrim Log , Bjarne Christian Hagen , Vegard Ervik Olsen , Caroline Kristiansen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At 2 a.m. August 7th 2021, the emergency response centre of the city of Bergen, Norway, received a call from a private citizen reporting large flames appearing from a 4 floor 24 apartment municipal building housing people with drug addiction. Upon arrival 11 min later, the first responders faced a fire that had already spread and involved the whole building. To their surprise, all residents were already accounted for outside the building. The present study analyses why the fire developed that fast, why the automatic fire alarm system did not warn the emergency response centre early and how all occupants were accounted for in such a dramatic fire scenario. It turns out that the fire most likely started in one of the all-wooden floor balconies at ground level. The originally planned 1.2 m tall balcony glazing facing a public road had been substituted by wood to ensure privacy and prevent visibility. The balcony subdivision walls had 20 cm gaps at ceiling level. Analysis confirmed that this balcony construction, i.e., all-wooden and with gaps at the top of the division wall, contributed significantly both during the early fire development as well as to the very fast vertical and horizontal fire spread over the entire building façade. Post-fire interviews revealed that a significant number of occupants were awake this night, allowing them to promptly detect the fire in the building. A close-knit relationship network, including both friends and acquaintances, was of major importance regarding door-to-door alarming unaware residents about the immediate danger. From the investigations conducted after the fire it is quite clear that under different circumstances this fire could have resulted in multiple fatalities. Though the incident may be considered a success regarding the “no loss of lives” focus in Norwegian fire safety regulations, the study revealed weaknesses in balcony construction and use of materials as well as lack of exterior automatic fire detection and mitigation of external fires. The study revealed important learning points for future prevention of possibly far worse fire incidents, as well as the importance of a close-knit relationship network in a crisis situation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-creation of risk in evacuation settings A risk governance approach to natural hazards risks

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106780

Stig Johannessen , Stina Marie Hov Andreassen , Torgeir Kolstø Haavik , Jacob Taarup , Bjørn Ivar Kruke

Evacuation of people due to the risk of natural or man-made hazard events has been a concurrent part of human existence since our conception as societies. Yet, as an effect of anthropogenic climate change, we are seeing an increased frequency and variance of these types of events and experiencing their cascading effects on society, such as more evacuations. At the same time, residents, experts and authorities all exhibit different understandings of the possibility and potential consequences of these hazards, which gives rise to ambiguity and tension as risk perceptions vary. In this study, we have interviewed residents, authorities and experts in four different locations that experience natural hazard evacuations: communities in the Karrat Fjord in Greenland facing the possibility of rockslides and tsunamis, which has led to evacuation and resettlement; Rauma in Norway and its possibility of rockslides and repeated evacuation; Longyearbyen in Svalbard; and Honningsvåg in Norway, with its seasonal snow avalanche risks. We have examined how consolidating different epistemic cultures and sociomateriality through the co-creation of risk reduces tension and improves the quality of risk communication of evacuation decisions. Successful evacuation is largely about consolidating the individual consequences of the evacuees and scientific knowledge into the risk picture.

{"title":"Co-creation of risk in evacuation settings A risk governance approach to natural hazards risks","authors":"Stig Johannessen , Stina Marie Hov Andreassen , Torgeir Kolstø Haavik , Jacob Taarup , Bjørn Ivar Kruke","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evacuation of people due to the risk of natural or man-made hazard events has been a concurrent part of human existence since our conception as societies. Yet, as an effect of anthropogenic climate change, we are seeing an increased frequency and variance of these types of events and experiencing their cascading effects on society, such as more evacuations. At the same time, residents, experts and authorities all exhibit different understandings of the possibility and potential consequences of these hazards, which gives rise to ambiguity and tension as risk perceptions vary. In this study, we have interviewed residents, authorities and experts in four different locations that experience natural hazard evacuations: communities in the Karrat Fjord in Greenland facing the possibility of rockslides and tsunamis, which has led to evacuation and resettlement; Rauma in Norway and its possibility of rockslides and repeated evacuation; Longyearbyen in Svalbard; and Honningsvåg in Norway, with its seasonal snow avalanche risks. We have examined how consolidating different epistemic cultures and sociomateriality through the co-creation of risk reduces tension and improves the quality of risk communication of evacuation decisions. Successful evacuation is largely about consolidating the individual consequences of the evacuees and scientific knowledge into the risk picture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Safety Science

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀