Risk analysis of miners’ health-compromising behaviors is essential for advancing their overall health and well-being. This paper proposed a method for quantifying the risk coupling of miners’ health-compromising behaviors based on the Bayesian network (BN) model, N-K model, and cumulative risk (CR) model. First, the causation of miners’ health-compromising behaviors was analyzed, and the risk factors were systematically classified. Second, the types of risk coupling resulting from physical environmental risk factors, psychosocial environmental risk factors, and individual characteristics risk factors were delineated. Third, the BN model was constructed through a comprehensive risk analysis of miners’ health-compromising behaviors. Leveraging both the N-K model and the CR model, calculations were applied to the questionnaire data to identify the parameters influencing the risk coupling nodes within the developed BN. Finally, the established model undergoes validation through a three-axiom-based method. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of risk coupling types was conducted, and the influences of risk factors were quantified using mutual information. Employing the developed model, an uncertainty analysis was performed to explore the effects of failure rates of risk factors on the primary risk coupling types.
{"title":"Risk coupling analysis of miners’ health-compromising behaviors: A multimethod fusion with practical application","authors":"Lulu Wang, Ninghao Sun, Xiangyang Hu, Xu Zhao, Qian Wang, Ruipeng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Risk analysis of miners’ health-compromising behaviors is essential for advancing their overall health and well-being. This paper proposed a method for quantifying the risk coupling of miners’ health-compromising behaviors based on the Bayesian network (BN) model, N-K model, and cumulative risk (CR) model. First, the causation of miners’ health-compromising behaviors was analyzed, and the risk factors were systematically classified. Second, the types of risk coupling resulting from physical environmental risk factors, psychosocial environmental risk factors, and individual characteristics risk factors were delineated. Third, the BN model was constructed through a comprehensive risk analysis of miners’ health-compromising behaviors. Leveraging both the N-K model and the CR model, calculations were applied to the questionnaire data to identify the parameters influencing the risk coupling nodes within the developed BN. Finally, the established model undergoes validation through a three-axiom-based method. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of risk coupling types was conducted, and the influences of risk factors were quantified using mutual information. Employing the developed model, an uncertainty analysis was performed to explore the effects of failure rates of risk factors on the primary risk coupling types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712
Anat Meir , Yisrael Parmet , Avinoam Borowsky
E-scooters are a popular intercity mode of micro-mobility, with usage steadily rising in Tel-Aviv and other cities globally. Despite the increasing e-scooter use, there exists a gap in understanding the attitudes of these vulnerable road-users toward the associated risks. This study aimed to explore e-scooters’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward the risks associated with e-scooter riding at different city locations in Israel.
Two experiments were conducted toward this goal. The preliminary study involved developing a customized Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) tool, utilizing real-world scenarios. Forty-six participants briefly observed pictures of different e-scooter riding situations and rated their riskiness level on a Likert scale. Overall, riding on designated trails was perceived as safer than sidewalks or roads, except during phone conversations. Roads and sidewalks were perceived differently regarding riskiness level only during phone use with headphones or navigation. Neglecting to wear a helmet was perceived as risky. The GNAT tool proved valuable in assessing implicit attitudes.
In the main study, sixty-four participants completed tasks assessing implicit and explicit attitudes toward risky riding. Self-described more cautious riders demonstrated more accurate responses to risky situations under negative than under positive priming, showing more favorable norms than less cautious riders. For positive priming and risky blocks, there was a positive effect of explicit attitudes on the probability of correctly identifying risky situations, suggesting that less cautious riders demonstrate more favorable norms only under positive priming. Understanding e-scooter riders’ attitudes may contribute to producing interventions that reduce risk-taking tendencies. Implications for licensing and policy recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"Ready, set, scoot! Investigating implicit attitudes toward risky e-scooter riding situations: A go/no-go association task study","authors":"Anat Meir , Yisrael Parmet , Avinoam Borowsky","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>E-scooters are a popular intercity mode of micro-mobility, with usage steadily rising in Tel-Aviv and other cities globally. Despite the increasing e-scooter use, there exists a gap in understanding the attitudes of these vulnerable road-users toward the associated risks. This study aimed to explore e-scooters’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward the risks associated with e-scooter riding at different city locations in Israel.</div><div>Two experiments were conducted toward this goal. The preliminary study involved developing a customized Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) tool, utilizing real-world scenarios. Forty-six participants briefly observed pictures of different e-scooter riding situations and rated their riskiness level on a Likert scale. Overall, riding on designated trails was perceived as safer than sidewalks or roads, except during phone conversations. Roads and sidewalks were perceived differently regarding riskiness level only during phone use with headphones or navigation. Neglecting to wear a helmet was perceived as risky. The GNAT tool proved valuable in assessing implicit attitudes.</div><div>In the main study, sixty-four participants completed tasks assessing implicit and explicit attitudes toward risky riding. Self-described more cautious riders demonstrated more accurate responses to risky situations under negative than under positive priming, showing more favorable norms than less cautious riders. For positive priming and risky blocks, there was a positive effect of explicit attitudes on the probability of correctly identifying risky situations, suggesting that less cautious riders demonstrate more favorable norms only under positive priming. Understanding e-scooter riders’ attitudes may contribute to producing interventions that reduce risk-taking tendencies. Implications for licensing and policy recommendations are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106722
Yen-Ling Liu , Yawen Cheng , Ping-Hsiu Tsai , Yun-Chieh Yang , Ya-Chen Li , Wan-Ju Cheng
Background
The rapid growth of platform work has raised occupational safety and health concerns. This study investigated the psychosocial work conditions and health status of workers engaged in location-based work mediated through digital labor platforms and compared them with the general workers.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 platform workers in November and December 2020, along with a cross-sectional survey of 484 platform workers in December 2021 and January 2022. The interviews explored four themes related to platform work: work motives, psychosocial work conditions, work-related health issues, and attitudes toward governmental regulations. The survey assessed psychosocial work conditions and health, and were compared with a matched sample of 913 general workers from a national survey.
Results
The in-depth interviews identified adverse work conditions among platform workers, including low skill discretion, high physical and psychological demands, experiences of workplace psychological violence, conflicts from customer-platform interactions, and platform subordinance. Motives for engaging in platform work included earning money, having better flexibility in scheduling, and utilizing it as a bridge between formal employments. Interviewees desired skill training and education for their job, as well as recognition of their employment relationship with platforms and tighter regulations on the platforms to enhance worker protection. In survey data, platform workers showed worse work conditions and health status than general workers.
Conclusion
Platform work is characterized by various types of work stress that are worse than those experienced by general workers. Policy interventions are needed to improve working conditions, clarify employment relationships, and mandate training.
{"title":"Psychosocial work conditions and health status of digital platform workers in Taiwan: A mixed method study","authors":"Yen-Ling Liu , Yawen Cheng , Ping-Hsiu Tsai , Yun-Chieh Yang , Ya-Chen Li , Wan-Ju Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rapid growth of platform work has raised occupational safety and health concerns. This study investigated the psychosocial work conditions and health status of workers engaged in location-based work mediated through digital labor platforms and compared them with the general workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 platform workers in November and December 2020, along with a cross-sectional survey of 484 platform workers in December 2021 and January 2022. The interviews explored four themes related to platform work: work motives, psychosocial work conditions, work-related health issues, and attitudes toward governmental regulations. The survey assessed psychosocial work conditions and health, and were compared with a matched sample of 913 general workers from a national survey.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The in-depth interviews identified adverse work conditions among platform workers, including low skill discretion, high physical and psychological demands, experiences of workplace psychological violence, conflicts from customer-platform interactions, and platform subordinance. Motives for engaging in platform work included earning money, having better flexibility in scheduling, and utilizing it as a bridge between formal employments. Interviewees desired skill training and education for their job, as well as recognition of their employment relationship with platforms and tighter regulations on the platforms to enhance worker protection. In survey data, platform workers showed worse work conditions and health status than general workers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Platform work is characterized by various types of work stress that are worse than those experienced by general workers. Policy interventions are needed to improve working conditions, clarify employment relationships, and mandate training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692
Xuguang Ma , Yun-Ting Tsai , Chi-Min Shu , Yi Yang
Toxic gas leakage accidents are catastrophic and thus the subject of considerable attention among researchers, regulators, and companies. Thus, this study constructed a complex network evolution model of hazardous gas leakage accidents. It did so by analysing accident reports to then construct 10 fault trees to, in turn, construct an accident chain with causal linkages. This model comprised 67 nodes and 94 edges and effectively described the progression of such accidents from an event causality perspective. Microscopic and macroscopic analyses of the model revealed critical risk events in the network. Moreover, the comprehensive clustering coefficient (0.052), average path length (4.595), and network diameter (10) were calculated in MATLAB. These metrics were used to identify the shortest disaster paths associated with various prevention and control strategies. This study conducted deliberate attack experiments on the aforementioned network model. The findings of the study indicated the most hazardous events and pathways that are most likely to trigger accidents. These findings aligned with statistical data on accident causes, thereby providing insights for proactive prevention and effective management of gas leaks.
{"title":"Risk evolution analysis of gas leakage accidents based on complex network","authors":"Xuguang Ma , Yun-Ting Tsai , Chi-Min Shu , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxic gas leakage accidents are catastrophic and thus the subject of considerable attention among researchers, regulators, and companies. Thus, this study constructed a complex network evolution model of hazardous gas leakage accidents. It did so by analysing accident reports to then construct 10 fault trees to, in turn, construct an accident chain with causal linkages. This model comprised 67 nodes and 94 edges and effectively described the progression of such accidents from an event causality perspective. Microscopic and macroscopic analyses of the model revealed critical risk events in the network. Moreover, the comprehensive clustering coefficient (0.052), average path length (4.595), and network diameter (10) were calculated in MATLAB. These metrics were used to identify the shortest disaster paths associated with various prevention and control strategies. This study conducted deliberate attack experiments on the aforementioned network model. The findings of the study indicated the most hazardous events and pathways that are most likely to trigger accidents. These findings aligned with statistical data on accident causes, thereby providing insights for proactive prevention and effective management of gas leaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709
Weichao Yang , Xue Yan , De Hu , Xuelian Jiang , Jining Song , Ruiqing Lang , Kui Xu , Jijian Lian
In recent years, flood disasters have intensified due to frequent extreme rainfall events worldwide. Emergency evacuation is regard as the most important response action for reducing the loss of human life in floods. However, there are still few studies on the optimal selection of emergency evacuation routes for flood disasters. This study aims to propose a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model for flood disasters using hydrodynamic model and intelligent algorithms. The hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate the flood evolution and then determine the transfer village and resettlement village, while intelligent algorithms are used to solve emergency evacuation routes between them. First, the TELEMAC-2D couples a novel fine-scale roughness assignment method are selected as the hydrodynamic model for flood evolution simulation, determining more accurate transfer and resettlement villages. Second, the Mask-RCNN image segmentation technique and Thiessen polygons are introduced to solve the missing population data in those villages, which is an important link to determine the emergency evacuation routes. Thirdly, a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model is developed combining intelligent algorithms like ant colony algorithm considering search radius, genetic algorithm coupling indexed matrix and road congestion, greatly improving the selection efficiency of flood emergency evacuation routes between transfer and resettlement villages. The research results are applicable to the emergency evacuation before and during floods, providing advance warning and process evacuation guidance.
{"title":"A novel emergency evacuation route optimization model in flood disasters using hydrodynamic model and intelligent algorithm","authors":"Weichao Yang , Xue Yan , De Hu , Xuelian Jiang , Jining Song , Ruiqing Lang , Kui Xu , Jijian Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, flood disasters have intensified due to frequent extreme rainfall events worldwide. Emergency evacuation is regard as the most important response action for reducing the loss of human life in floods. However, there are still few studies on the optimal selection of emergency evacuation routes for flood disasters. This study aims to propose a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model for flood disasters using hydrodynamic model and intelligent algorithms. The hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate the flood evolution and then determine the transfer village and resettlement village, while intelligent algorithms are used to solve emergency evacuation routes between them. First, the TELEMAC-2D couples a novel fine-scale roughness assignment method are selected as the hydrodynamic model for flood evolution simulation, determining more accurate transfer and resettlement villages. Second, the Mask-RCNN image segmentation technique and Thiessen polygons are introduced to solve the missing population data in those villages, which is an important link to determine the emergency evacuation routes. Thirdly, a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model is developed combining intelligent algorithms like ant colony algorithm considering search radius, genetic algorithm coupling indexed matrix and road congestion, greatly improving the selection efficiency of flood emergency evacuation routes between transfer and resettlement villages. The research results are applicable to the emergency evacuation before and during floods, providing advance warning and process evacuation guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711
Kurt Elvegård
A critical component of ensuring safe workplaces is training in preventing and managing violent behavior. This article examines the institutional logics underpinning such training programs, investigating their design, rationale, and impact on everyday practices within human services. Despite extensive research on the content, effects, and experiences of these training programs, there is a notable gap in understanding the rationale behind their development. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring why violence prevention and management training is structured as it is and how institutional logics affect training and practice. This research identifies seven institutional logics that shape these programs through an in-depth qualitative analysis of three Norwegian human service training programs – encompassing mental health care, child welfare services, and Norway’s national welfare agency. Some of the logics are complementary. Others are incompatible, leading to significant practical implications. Data collection included qualitative document analysis and interviews with representatives from the training communities. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing the training program design and influence, not the least, by underscoring their duality as measures of improving service delivery and ensuring safe working conditions.
{"title":"Why train? Compatible and incompatible institutional logics in violence prevention and management training","authors":"Kurt Elvegård","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical component of ensuring safe workplaces is training in preventing and managing violent behavior. This article examines the institutional logics underpinning such training programs, investigating their design, rationale, and impact on everyday practices within human services. Despite extensive research on the content, effects, and experiences of these training programs, there is a notable gap in understanding the rationale behind their development. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring why violence prevention and management training is structured as it is and how institutional logics affect training and practice. This research identifies seven institutional logics that shape these programs through an in-depth qualitative analysis of three Norwegian human service training programs – encompassing mental health care, child welfare services, and Norway’s national welfare agency. Some of the logics are complementary. Others are incompatible, leading to significant practical implications. Data collection included qualitative document analysis and interviews with representatives from the training communities. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing the training program design and influence, not the least, by underscoring their duality as measures of improving service delivery and ensuring safe working conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705
Yewei Ouyang, Xiaowei Luo
Effects of physical fatigue on construction safety have been widely investigated, but it fails to examine the effects when physical fatigue is combined with adverse environmental conditions. This study investigated the combined effects of physical fatigue and high temperatures on workers’ safety-related cognitive performances, including mental workload, mental fatigue, and attention. A within-subject (n = 20) experiment was designed, where subjects suffered non-fatigued and three fatigued (low, medium, and high levels) conditions, both in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. Their cognitions were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) device while performing cognitive tasks. It indicates that physical fatigue significantly impaired cognitive performances; when the heat was superimposed on physical fatigue, the negative effects of physical fatigue on cognition were magnified; the cognitive impairments would further undermine task performance. The findings would help expand the understanding of the effects of physical fatigue on construction safety, and also provide a theoretical basis for implementing safety management measures in job sites with heat exposure.
{"title":"Effects of physical fatigue superimposed on high temperatures on construction workers’ cognitive performance","authors":"Yewei Ouyang, Xiaowei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of physical fatigue on construction safety have been widely investigated, but it fails to examine the effects when physical fatigue is combined with adverse environmental conditions. This study investigated the combined effects of physical fatigue and high temperatures on workers’ safety-related cognitive performances, including mental workload, mental fatigue, and attention. A within-subject (n = 20) experiment was designed, where subjects suffered non-fatigued and three fatigued (low, medium, and high levels) conditions, both in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. Their cognitions were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) device while performing cognitive tasks. It indicates that physical fatigue significantly impaired cognitive performances; when the heat was superimposed on physical fatigue, the negative effects of physical fatigue on cognition were magnified; the cognitive impairments would further undermine task performance. The findings would help expand the understanding of the effects of physical fatigue on construction safety, and also provide a theoretical basis for implementing safety management measures in job sites with heat exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707
Verity Truelove , Michelle Nicolls , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
There is a plethora of technology currently available that have the ability to notify individuals of traffic enforcement locations while they are driving. This technology has the potential to undermine legal deterrent efforts for preventing risky driving behaviours. However, drivers’ experiences using this technology and the trajectories through which this might interfere with deterrence for road rule violations are largely unexplored areas. As such, the present study aimed to explore two research questions: 1) what type of technology is used and how is it used, and 2) how does drivers’ use of this technology influence deterrence for road rule violations. In total, 58 Queensland licenced drivers who use technology that informs them of legal enforcement while driving participated in focus groups. To consider differences in use between ages, the sessions were conducted in three different age groups: 17–25 years, 26–49 years, and 50+ years. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to the data, resulting in eight recognised themes. The findings highlighted that for most drivers, the primary purpose of using the technology was for navigation, while being notified of enforcement locations was a secondary purpose. In addition, the use of this technology encouraged road rule compliance for some yet was used as a strategy to avoid being caught for road rule violations for others. The findings have a number of practical and theoretical implications, demonstrating the complex interplay between technology used for enforcement notifications, its role in deterring road rule violations, and the principles of responsible innovation.
{"title":"“I probably feel slightly more invincible”: The impact of technology that discloses enforcement locations on drivers’ behaviours","authors":"Verity Truelove , Michelle Nicolls , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a plethora of technology currently available that have the ability to notify individuals of traffic enforcement locations while they are driving. This technology has the potential to undermine legal deterrent efforts for preventing risky driving behaviours. However, drivers’ experiences using this technology and the trajectories through which this might interfere with deterrence for road rule violations are largely unexplored areas. As such, the present study aimed to explore two research questions: 1) what type of technology is used and how is it used, and 2) how does drivers’ use of this technology influence deterrence for road rule violations. In total, 58 Queensland licenced drivers who use technology that informs them of legal enforcement while driving participated in focus groups. To consider differences in use between ages, the sessions were conducted in three different age groups: 17–25 years, 26–49 years, and 50+ years. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to the data, resulting in eight recognised themes. The findings highlighted that for most drivers, the primary purpose of using the technology was for navigation, while being notified of enforcement locations was a secondary purpose. In addition, the use of this technology encouraged road rule compliance for some yet was used as a strategy to avoid being caught for road rule violations for others. The findings have a number of practical and theoretical implications, demonstrating the complex interplay between technology used for enforcement notifications, its role in deterring road rule violations, and the principles of responsible innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704
Lisheng Jin , Xingchen Liu , Baicang Guo , Zhuotong Han , Yinlin Wang , Yuan Cao , Xiao Yang , Jian Shi
The transition towards fully automated driving necessitates human intervention in specific scenarios, making it crucial to understand the factors influencing driver takeover performance. This meta-analysis systematically reviews 37 studies selected from an initial pool of 1945, focusing on the impact of non-driving related task (NDRT) types, takeover request (TOR) modalities, and levels of automated driving (LAD) on driver response and vehicle control during takeover events. The findings reveal that engagement in multiple NDRTs significantly delays driver response times and degrades control over vehicle dynamics, particularly in critical lateral and longitudinal maneuvers. Furthermore, multimodal TORs are more effective in eliciting timely and accurate driver responses compared to unimodal TORs, which often result in suboptimal performance. Additionally, manual driving (L0) improves emergency response but comes with a higher driving workload compared to conditional automated driving (L3) takeovers. These insights underscore the need for optimized TOR strategies and the development of advanced multimodal systems to enhance driver readiness and safety in automated driving environments.
在向全自动驾驶过渡的过程中，人类有必要在特定场景中进行干预，因此了解影响驾驶员接管性能的因素至关重要。本荟萃分析系统回顾了从最初的 1945 项研究中筛选出的 37 项研究，重点研究了非驾驶相关任务（NDRT）类型、接管请求（TOR）模式和自动驾驶水平（LAD）对接管事件中驾驶员响应和车辆控制的影响。研究结果表明，参与多种 NDRT 会显著延迟驾驶员的响应时间，并降低对车辆动态的控制，尤其是在关键的横向和纵向机动中。此外，与单模态 TOR 相比，多模态 TOR 能更有效地激发驾驶员做出及时、准确的反应，而单模态 TOR 通常会导致驾驶员表现不佳。此外，与有条件的自动驾驶（L3）接管相比，手动驾驶（L0）提高了应急响应能力，但也带来了更高的驾驶工作量。这些见解强调了优化 TOR 策略和开发先进多模态系统的必要性，以提高驾驶员在自动驾驶环境中的准备程度和安全性。
{"title":"Impact of non-driving related task types, request modalities, and automation on driver takeover: A meta-analysis","authors":"Lisheng Jin , Xingchen Liu , Baicang Guo , Zhuotong Han , Yinlin Wang , Yuan Cao , Xiao Yang , Jian Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition towards fully automated driving necessitates human intervention in specific scenarios, making it crucial to understand the factors influencing driver takeover performance. This meta-analysis systematically reviews 37 studies selected from an initial pool of 1945, focusing on the impact of non-driving related task (NDRT) types, takeover request (TOR) modalities, and levels of automated driving (LAD) on driver response and vehicle control during takeover events. The findings reveal that engagement in multiple NDRTs significantly delays driver response times and degrades control over vehicle dynamics, particularly in critical lateral and longitudinal maneuvers. Furthermore, multimodal TORs are more effective in eliciting timely and accurate driver responses compared to unimodal TORs, which often result in suboptimal performance. Additionally, manual driving (L0) improves emergency response but comes with a higher driving workload compared to conditional automated driving (L3) takeovers. These insights underscore the need for optimized TOR strategies and the development of advanced multimodal systems to enhance driver readiness and safety in automated driving environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106699
Xinru Chang, Song Guo, Dianxiang Zhou, Zhengwen Dong
During the storage process of solid rocket motors (SRM), unintentional operations may lead to uncontrolled internal propellant combustion, which threatens to adjacent rocket motors and results in catastrophic outcomes. Consequently, the safety of storing SRM is a critical concern. In this paper, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method is applied. The structure and flow parameters of the flow field are obtained using the Naiver-Stokes (N-S) control equations, the Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, and the finite rate model. We investigate the hazardous properties of a standard storage compartment equipped with an exhaust cover and spray system in the event of an accidental jet fire. Furthermore, the safety parameters of the storage compartment are examined. The results showed that the jet flame was initially directed at the side walls, spread to the upper part, and propagated throughout the storage compartment. Using the response times and thresholds of the temperature and pressure sensors, the study determined the optimal activation time for the pressure relief port and water spray system to be 0.4 s and 0.1 s, corresponding to a spray intensity of 0.5 kg/s. The synergistic effects of the pressure relief exhaust cover and spray mechanisms could quickly reduce the temperature of the compartment below the critical threshold of 500 K, thereby preventing thermal hazards associated with propellant combustion within 10 s. The optimal location and time of entry into the storage compartment are determined based on monitoring the mass fraction of gases in the compartment while maintaining temperature and pressure safety limits. The results will provide theoretical foundations for improving secure memory design practices on SRM.
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