Safety Science最新文献_第10页

Safety climate and its contribution to safety performance in the food delivery industry 食品配送行业的安全氛围及其对安全绩效的贡献

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106687

Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc , Thi Minh Truong , Nhi Thao Ho-Mai , Nhat Xuan Mai , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios

In the expanding food delivery sector, particularly in Asia, where motorcycles are preferred for their efficiency, there has been an alarming rise in traffic safety incidents involving delivery riders. This increase highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of safety outcomes within the industry, encompassing both organizational and personal factors. Our study, using data from 401 motorcycle delivery riders in Vietnam, addresses this gap with a conceptual model based on the Safety Climate Model. This model assesses the impact of safety climate, knowledge, and motivation on rider safety performance. Our findings reveal that factors like management values, effective safety communication, and quality safety equipment are crucial in creating a positive safety climate. This climate significantly boosts safety participation and compliance among riders. Furthermore, the study confirms that safety climate indirectly influences safety outcomes through safety knowledge and motivation. These results illustrate the dynamic between organizational practices and individual behaviors in determining safety in the food delivery industry. The study underscores the need for a holistic approach to safety, extending beyond equipment provision to include management commitment, communication, and motivational incentives. Implementing such comprehensive strategies is vital for enhancing rider safety, contributing to a safer work environment, and reducing safety–critical incidents among food delivery riders.

在不断扩大的食品外卖行业，尤其是在亚洲，摩托车因其高效率而受到青睐，但涉及外卖骑手的交通安全事故却出现了惊人的增长。这一增长凸显了全面了解该行业安全结果的必要性，包括组织和个人因素。我们的研究使用了来自越南 401 名摩托车外卖骑手的数据，通过一个基于安全氛围模型的概念模型来弥补这一不足。该模型评估了安全氛围、知识和动机对骑手安全表现的影响。我们的研究结果表明，管理价值观、有效的安全沟通和优质的安全设备等因素对于营造积极的安全氛围至关重要。这种氛围能极大地促进骑手的安全参与和遵守。此外，研究还证实，安全氛围会通过安全知识和动机间接影响安全结果。这些结果说明了组织实践和个人行为之间在决定食品配送行业安全方面的动态关系。这项研究强调了采取整体安全方法的必要性，这种方法不仅包括提供设备，还包括管理承诺、沟通和激励措施。实施这样的综合策略对于加强骑手安全、营造更安全的工作环境以及减少送餐骑手中的安全事故至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Development and validation of the North American COmfort of hearing PROtection Device questionnaire (COPROD-NAQ) 北美听力保护装置舒适度问卷（COPROD-NAQ）的开发与验证

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106688

Alessia Negrini , Chantal Gauvin , Djamal Berbiche , Jonathan Terroir , Nellie Perrin , Caroline Jolly , Laurence Martin , Franck Sgard , Olivier Doutres

The use of hearing protection devices (HPDs), such as earplugs, is essential for mitigating occupational noise-induced hearing loss. However, earplug discomfort often hinders consistent and proper usage. This international and multidisciplinary study is based on a comfort model of HPD use, and considers four comfort dimensions (physical, functional, acoustical, psychological) and the influence of the triad environment/person/earplugs” components on overall comfort. Addressing shortcomings in defining and measuring comfort, the study aims to enrich understanding of the multifaceted aspects of earplug (dis)comfort and the role played by the triad. Specific objectives include developing and validating the “North American COmfort of Hearing PROtection Device Questionnaire (COPROD-NAQ),” proposing a latent overall comfort (LOC) model and comparing earplug families regarding (dis)comfort dimensions. Longitudinal data were collected over a 7-week from 173 workers testing 998 pairs of earplugs in three Canadian manufacturing companies. Factor analyses identified 51 items across 11 conceptual sub-dimensions with satisfactory reliability coefficients. Statistical analyses confirmed the COPROD-NAQ’s validity as well. All its sub-dimensions significantly contributed to the LOC, with psychological and functional comfort exerting greater influence. Certain triad component characteristics (e.g., working during weekdays with a day shift, being right-handed, Custom 1 earplug model) enhanced the LOC. Finally, custom earplugs were perceived as most comfortable. The COPROD-NAQ emerges as a powerful tool for assessing earplug comfort and its interaction with triad characteristics, beneficial for occupational health and safety stakeholders. It will aid in prevention programs and help manufacturers design more comfortable earplugs to prevent hearing impairment.

使用耳塞等听力保护装置（HPD）对于减轻职业噪声引起的听力损失至关重要。然而，耳塞的不适感往往会妨碍人们坚持正确使用耳塞。这项国际性多学科研究基于人机共振耳塞使用舒适度模型，考虑了四个舒适度维度（物理、功能、声学、心理）以及 "环境/人/耳塞 "三要素对整体舒适度的影响。针对舒适度定义和测量方面的不足，该研究旨在丰富对耳塞（不）舒适度多方面问题以及三要素所起作用的理解。具体目标包括开发和验证 "北美听力保护设备舒适度问卷（COPROD-NAQ）"，提出一个潜在的整体舒适度（LOC）模型，并比较耳塞家族的（不）舒适度维度。我们收集了加拿大三家制造公司 173 名工人为期 7 周、测试 998 对耳塞的纵向数据。因子分析确定了 11 个概念子维度的 51 个项目，可靠性系数令人满意。统计分析也证实了 COPROD-NAQ 的有效性。所有子维度都对 LOC 有重大影响，其中心理和功能舒适度的影响更大。某些三要素特征（如工作日白班工作、惯用右手、定制 1 型耳塞）增强了 LOC。最后，定制耳塞被认为是最舒适的。COPROD-NAQ 是评估耳塞舒适度及其与三要素相互作用的有力工具，对职业健康和安全利益相关者大有裨益。它将有助于开展预防计划，并帮助制造商设计出更舒适的耳塞来预防听力损伤。

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引用次数: 0

A novel human-centered methodology for assessing manual-to-collaborative safe conversion of workstations 以人为本的新型方法，用于评估工作站从手动到协作的安全转换

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106685

André Cardoso , Ana Colim , Estela Bicho , Ana Cristina Braga , Pedro Arezes

The Industry 5.0 paradigm places workers’ well-being and safety at the core of the production processes. Despite its objectives, the current industry still faces several challenges. Examples of these challenges include global market pressures for customized products, along with the significant occurrence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and the ageing workforce. These challenges underscore the persistent need for human-centered solutions, allowing adaptations that align with humans’ physical and cognitive constraints. Collaborative robots offer a promising solution, with the potential to enhance workers’ well-being, while maintaining safety, productivity, and production process flexibility. This study introduces a novel methodology designed to assess the feasibility of converting manual tasks into collaborative ones. During the development of the methodology, a focus group approach was used, comprising 6 experts in the field of Ergonomics & Human Factors and Robotics. The proposed methodology is suitable for the identification of tasks appropriate for joint execution by humans and robots, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of the robotic solution. This methodology incorporates a set of indicators (physical and cognitive ergonomics, health and safety, and operational efficiency) and technical requirements. The results of the focus group allowed the improvement of the suggested methodology. For its testing, we applied across 13 manual workstations in 5 companies from different manufacturing sectors (civil construction, cutlery, furniture, and automotive fabric manufacturing). Results show that it is possible to comprehensively identify manual workstations/tasks with good and high potential to convert into collaborative systems. This methodology seems to constitute a relevant approach to support the conceptualization of collaborative workstations.

工业 5.0 范式将工人的福祉和安全置于生产流程的核心位置。尽管目标明确，但当前的工业仍面临着一些挑战。这些挑战包括全球市场对定制产品的压力、与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的大量发生以及劳动力老龄化。这些挑战凸显了对以人为本的解决方案的持续需求，允许根据人类的身体和认知限制进行调整。协作机器人提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案，有可能在保持安全性、生产率和生产流程灵活性的同时，提高工人的福利。本研究介绍了一种新颖的方法，旨在评估将人工任务转化为协作任务的可行性。在方法论的开发过程中，采用了焦点小组的方法，小组成员包括人体工程学、人为因素和机器人学领域的 6 位专家。建议的方法适用于识别适合由人类和机器人共同执行的任务，从而提高机器人解决方案的有效性。该方法包含一系列指标（物理和认知人体工程学、健康和安全、操作效率）和技术要求。焦点小组的讨论结果有助于改进所建议的方法。为了对该方法进行测试，我们对来自不同制造行业（民用建筑、餐具、家具和汽车织物制造）的 5 家公司的 13 个人工工作站进行了测试。结果表明，该方法可以全面识别出具有将协作系统转化为协作系统的良好和巨大潜力的人工工作站/任务。这种方法似乎是支持协作式工作站概念化的一种相关方法。

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引用次数: 0

Ethical VS abusive leadership: How construction project manager influences workers’ safety behavior with the mediating role of alcohol use and moderating role of alcohol climate

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106683

Guan Ren, Ting Zhang, Huan Zhang

This study aimed to undertake a time-series, multi-level investigation involving construction project managers and workers to assess the influence of ethical or abusive leadership on safety behavior, considering workers’ alcohol use and moderated by the alcohol climate in construction projects. The study sample consisted of 266 project managers and 1,596 workers from 266 construction projects across China. Data was collected through a three-wave time-series survey in a mutual-evaluation format, depending on the causal inference between each variable. The direct effects, mediation, and moderation effects were assessed using the Multilevel Structural Equation Modelling (MSEM). The results show that ethical leadership has a positive impact on safety behavior, while abusive leadership has a negative impact. Alcohol use plays a full mediating role in these relationships. Additionally, there is clear evidence to support that the alcohol climate plays a moderating role, weakening the influence of ethical or abusive leadership on safety behavior. This study suggests that project managers should be encouraged to practice ethical leadership rather than abusive leadership, as this can improve workers’ safety behavior through reducing workers’ alcohol use. At the same time, attention should be paid to controlling the alcohol climate in construction projects, as it can undermine project managers’ efforts to improve workers’ safety behavior.

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引用次数: 0

Heatwaves and occupational injuries and illnesses risk varied at localised spatial scale: A national study in Australia 热浪与职业伤病风险在局部空间范围内存在差异：澳大利亚全国性研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106684

Syeda H. Fatima , Lynne C. Giles , Paul Rothmore , Blesson M. Varghese , Peng Bi

Heatwaves (HWs) pose significant risks to occupational safety in Australia, particularly for workers in roles requiring prolonged heat exposure. This study, for the first time, addresses critical gaps in the existing literature by examining the impact of HWs on occupational injuries and illnesses (OI) at a fine spatial scale and projecting future OI burdens under climate change scenarios. Using time series study design and distributed lag nonlinear models we establish the association between HWs, assessed via the Excess Heat Factor (EHF), and OI in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney at the Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3). The study reveals a substantial cumulative OI risk ranging between 5.1 and 29.0 % during heatwaves, with outer peripheries and rapidly urbanizing peri-urban areas showing heightened vulnerability. Younger workers, males, injury-related claims, and workers in areas with higher temperatures and less vegetation were identified as particularly susceptible to HWs. By utilising high-resolution geospatial data and future projections, our study provides new insights into the spatial heterogeneity of HW impacts on OI within cities, a previously underexplored area of research. Projected HW impacts indicate a potential increase in HW-related attributable fractions (AF) of OI, for example, in Greater Sydney, where the overall OI AF is projected to rise from 0.89 % to 1.64 % under high-emission climate scenarios. These findings emphasise the importance of developing localized, climate-related adaptation and intervention strategies to safeguard workers and reduce both the disease burden and associated economic costs and productivity loss.

热浪（HWs）对澳大利亚的职业安全构成了重大风险，尤其是对需要长时间暴露在高温下的工人而言。本研究首次在精细的空间尺度上考察了热浪对职业伤病（OI）的影响，并预测了气候变化情景下未来的职业伤病负担，从而填补了现有文献的重要空白。利用时间序列研究设计和分布式滞后非线性模型，我们在阿德莱德、布里斯班、墨尔本和悉尼的第三级统计区（SA3）建立了通过过热因子（EHF）评估的热量与职业伤病之间的联系。研究显示，在热浪期间，累积 OI 风险介于 5.1% 和 29.0% 之间，外围地区和快速城市化的城郊地区更容易受到影响。年轻工人、男性、与伤害相关的索赔以及温度较高和植被较少地区的工人尤其容易受到热浪的影响。通过利用高分辨率地理空间数据和未来预测，我们的研究为城市内有害气体对职业伤害影响的空间异质性提供了新的视角，而这是一个以前未被充分探索的研究领域。预测的有害气体影响表明，与有害气体相关的 OI 可归因分数（AF）可能会增加，例如在大悉尼地区，在高排放气候情景下，该地区的总体 OI 可归因分数预计将从 0.89% 上升至 1.64%。这些发现强调了制定本地化、与气候相关的适应和干预策略的重要性，以保护工人，减少疾病负担及相关经济成本和生产力损失。

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引用次数: 0

Discovering the underground coal mining accident patterns in Spain from 2003 to 2021: Insights through machine learning techniques 发现 2003 至 2021 年西班牙地下煤矿事故模式：通过机器学习技术获得的启示

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106677

Yang Li , Lluis Sanmiquel , Zhengxin Zhang , Guoyan Zhao , Marc Bascompta

The safety of underground coal mining has always been a global concern, involving the stable supply of energy and stakes in miners’ lives. Lessons learned from historical accidents and transforming into practical experience help reduce the quantity and severity of accidents. In this study, six ensemble learning techniques, including AdaBoost, Extra Trees, GBDT, LightGBM, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were used to investigate the correlation between accident-causing factors and severity. Firstly, 39 487 underground coal mine accidents data was obtained from Spain, variables were categorized and coded. To address the extreme class imbalance, a new dataset (2468 cases) was obtained by data sampling from the original database. Subsequently, the new dataset was randomly divided into training sets (75% of the data) and test sets (25% of the data), then the hyperparameters of each model were optimized and configured. Thirdly, the models’ performance was evaluated on the test data by five metrics (accuracy, Cohen’s Kappa, precision, recall, and

F_{1}

). Finally, accident patterns were derived from the identified variables along with preventive strategies. Results show that tree-based ensemble learning model performs better compared to the boosting model, and the relative importance of seven variables were determined, where previous cause (PC) and material agent (MA) are the most important factors, followed by the miner’s physical activity (PA), age (A), and experience (E), scale (S) and preventive organization (PO) are in the third tier. Furthermore, the type of accident and injury caused by PC were confirmed. Working with hand tools, younger age, lack of experience, small-scale coal mines, and unfit preventive organization increased the risk of accidents. This study not only facilitates the prediction of accident severity but also provides strategies for preventing and mitigating accidents.

煤矿井下开采的安全问题一直是全球关注的焦点，它关系到能源的稳定供应和矿工的生命安全。从历史事故中吸取教训并转化为实践经验，有助于减少事故的数量和严重程度。本研究采用了六种集合学习技术，包括 AdaBoost、Extra Trees、GBDT、LightGBM、Random Forest 和 XGBoost，来研究事故致因与严重程度之间的相关性。首先，从西班牙获得了 39 487 个煤矿井下事故数据，对变量进行了分类和编码。为了解决类别极度不平衡的问题，我们从原始数据库中抽取数据，得到了一个新的数据集（2468 个案例）。随后，将新数据集随机分为训练集（占数据的 75%）和测试集（占数据的 25%），然后对每个模型的超参数进行优化和配置。第三，通过五个指标（准确率、科恩卡帕、精确度、召回率和 F1）评估模型在测试数据上的性能。最后，从识别出的变量中得出事故模式以及预防策略。结果表明，与提升模型相比，基于树的集合学习模型表现更好，并且确定了七个变量的相对重要性，其中先前原因（PC）和材料代理（MA）是最重要的因素，其次是矿工的体力活动（PA）、年龄（A）和经验（E），规模（S）和预防组织（PO）排在第三位。此外，PC 导致的事故类型和伤害也得到了证实。使用手工工具工作、年龄较小、缺乏经验、煤矿规模较小以及预防组织不合理都增加了事故风险。这项研究不仅有助于预测事故的严重程度，还为预防和减轻事故提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Research on improving the safety of new energy vehicles exploits vehicle operating data 利用车辆运行数据提高新能源汽车安全性的研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106681

Xinmiao Liang , Peng Wang , Xi Cao , Xinming Wan , Peipei Chao , Xing Zhao , Andong Yu , Chuan Liu , Jiale Li

New energy vehicles (NEV), a four-wheel vehicle that employs non-traditional fuels, develops rapidly, lacking in research and application on vehicle operating data mining to improve the safety status of NEV. In this study, the method to improve the safety of new energy vehicles through vehicle operating data was researched systematically. First, known combustion accidents of NEV were counted from multiple dimensions to present the current safety situation. Subsequently, the study delves deeper into the specific causes of combustion in battery electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries by examining parameter trends and performance discrepancies. Then, a novel approach for detecting abnormal self-discharge in power battery cells using operational data was proposed. This method aids in the early diagnosis of abnormalities and has been successfully utilized to issue advance warnings for vehicles exhibiting such issues. In conclusion, the study offers strategic recommendations for digital interventions by regulatory bodies and manufacturers. These recommendations aim to foster a robust and sustainable NEV industry, prioritizing safety and fostering innovation.

新能源汽车（NEV）是一种使用非传统燃料的四轮汽车，发展迅速，但缺乏对车辆运行数据挖掘的研究和应用，以改善新能源汽车的安全状况。本研究系统研究了通过车辆运行数据提高新能源汽车安全性的方法。首先，从多个维度对已知的新能源汽车燃烧事故进行统计，以呈现其安全现状。随后，通过研究参数趋势和性能差异，深入探讨了锂离子电池电动汽车燃烧的具体原因。然后，提出了一种利用运行数据检测动力电池异常自放电的新方法。这种方法有助于对异常情况进行早期诊断，并已成功用于对出现此类问题的车辆发出预警。总之，本研究为监管机构和制造商的数字干预提供了战略建议。这些建议旨在促进一个稳健和可持续的 NEV 行业，优先考虑安全性并促进创新。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing proxemics impact on Human-Robot collaboration safety in construction: A virtual reality study with four-legged robots 评估近程技术对建筑施工中人机协作安全的影响：四足机器人虚拟现实研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106682

Gilles Albeaino , Idris Jeelani , Masoud Gheisari , Raja R.A. Issa

Recent advancements in four-legged robots have prompted their integration into the construction industry, yet the safety implications of their deployment remain inadequately explored. As such comprehensive investigations are required to ensure the safety of robot deployment and the well-being of construction professionals who work with and alongside these robots. This study addresses this gap by conducting a user-centered experiment employing virtual reality to assess human behavior and safety impacts in varying interaction spaces with four-legged robots within a simulated construction environment. By employing objective and subjective measures, including physiological and attentional responses, emotional reactions, situational awareness, risk perceptions, and attitudes towards robots, this study analyzes the impact of proxemics on construction individuals at two distinct interaction spaces: proximal (1.5 – 4 ft) and distal (12 – 25 ft) from the four-legged robots. The study found that while participants’ physiological responses, emotional states, situational awareness, risk perceptions, and attitudes towards robots were not significantly influenced by four-legged robot interaction space, those in the distal group allocated significantly more attention to the robot, particularly in terms of fixation count, indicating a significant proxemics impact on attentional states. These findings shed light on the safety implications of human-robot collaboration on jobsites, contributing to the advancement of safe and efficient practices in construction settings.

四足机器人的最新进展促使它们融入了建筑行业，但对其部署的安全影响仍未进行充分探讨。因此，需要进行全面调查，以确保机器人部署的安全性，以及与这些机器人一起工作的建筑专业人员的福祉。本研究针对这一空白，开展了一项以用户为中心的实验，采用虚拟现实技术，在模拟施工环境中评估人类在与四足机器人的不同交互空间中的行为和安全影响。通过采用客观和主观测量方法，包括生理和注意力反应、情绪反应、情景意识、风险感知和对机器人的态度，本研究分析了在两个不同的交互空间中，近距离机器人对建筑工人的影响：与四足机器人的近距离（1.5 - 4 英尺）和远距离（12 - 25 英尺）。研究发现，虽然参与者的生理反应、情绪状态、情境意识、风险感知和对机器人的态度并未受到四脚机器人交互空间的显著影响，但远距离组的参与者对机器人的注意力分配明显更多，特别是在固定次数方面，这表明近距离对注意力状态有显著影响。这些发现揭示了人机协作对工作场所安全的影响，有助于促进建筑环境中安全高效的实践。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal allocation of safety resources in small and medium construction enterprises 中小型建筑企业安全资源的优化配置

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106680

R. Bachar , A. Urlainis , K-C. Wang , I.M. Shohet

Construction is a highly vulnerable work sector to safety risks. Small and Medium construction enterprises (SMEs) are often the most vulnerable entities in this sector due to inadequate safety systems. There is an utmost need for a particular safety model adapted to this category of enterprises. This assumption stems from the fact that in SMEs, investments are not directly related to the scope of the project and refer to smaller inputs and therefore, indirect costs such as inspection and regulatory equipment account for higher ratios of the safety investment. The research hypothesized that the optimal safety investment in SMEs is higher than the normative optimum of the entire projects population and reaches the level of 3–5 % of the project scope. The research method used background and characteristics data gathering of the projects through a qualitative questionnaire. Data includes project scope and duration, employees, safety equipment, investment, training, and data regarding construction accidents and near-miss events. The research model was developed based on a sample of 30 SMEs projects. A probabilistic model of safety and accidents was developed based on the survey findings. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze the optimal level of safety investments. Based on the empirical variables mentioned above, considering means, standard deviations, and distributions, a series of 5 simulations were carried out. A polynomial regression equation of the five simulation experiments was used to assemble the ideal safety investment equation. The optimal Safety Investment Ratio (SIR) was set at 3.8 %, which is the investment ratio that minimizes the total safety cost, including accident costs. This study provides a novel theoretical framework by identifying an optimal SIR specifically for SMEs projects, highlighting that they require higher investments compared to larger projects to achieve comparable safety levels. Furthermore, this research offers an innovative methodology incorporating comprehensive empirical probabilistic data analysis and simulation analytics delivering insightful and practical understanding of safety investments for construction SMEs.

建筑业是一个极易受到安全风险影响的行业。由于安全系统不完善，中小型建筑企业（SMEs）往往是该行业中最脆弱的实体。因此，亟需一种适合这类企业的特殊安全模式。这一假设源于这样一个事实，即中小型企业的投资与项目范围没有直接关系，而且投入较小，因此，检查和监管设备等间接成本占安全投资的比例较高。研究假设，中小型企业的最佳安全投资高于整个项目群体的规范最佳投资，达到项目范围的 3-5%。研究方法是通过定性问卷收集项目的背景和特征数据。数据包括项目范围和工期、员工、安全设备、投资、培训以及有关施工事故和险情的数据。研究模型是根据 30 个中小型企业项目样本开发的。根据调查结果建立了安全和事故概率模型。蒙特卡罗模拟用于分析安全投资的最佳水平。根据上述经验变量，考虑到均值、标准差和分布，进行了 5 次系列模拟。利用 5 次模拟实验的多项式回归方程，得出理想的安全投资方程。最佳安全投资比率（SIR）被设定为 3.8%，即包括事故成本在内的总安全成本最小的投资比率。本研究提供了一个新颖的理论框架，专门为中小型企业项目确定了最佳安全投资比，强调了与大型项目相比，中小型企业项目需要更高的投资才能达到相当的安全水平。此外，本研究还提供了一种创新方法，结合了全面的经验概率数据分析和模拟分析，为中小型建筑企业的安全投资提供了深刻而实用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Virtual reality for indoor emergency evacuation studies: Design, development, and implementation review 用于室内紧急疏散研究的虚拟现实技术：设计、开发和实施审查

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106678

Qipeng Liu, Rui Liu

Virtual reality plays a growing role in emergency behavior studies. This review focuses on the perspectives of research development and implementation. It synthesizes and discusses the identified studies from three interrelated fields, i.e., building and hazard simulation, game interaction, and data collection. Revealed features in existing literature help better understand the technical plans and practice. The variety of emergency types and research interests results in large-volume articles with different setups. Features simulated, data collected, and experiment processes differ across the reviewed articles. The study reveals that fire emergencies gained the most attention, while other hazards are less studied. Most research focuses on building design cues, with a growing number on social effects. Identified gaps and comments help guide future studies. Current game designs focus on cues rather than realism, and the population samples that participated in experiments are skewed. It is also vital to enhance game interaction and model reusability.

虚拟现实在应急行为研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本综述侧重于研究开发和实施的角度。它从三个相互关联的领域，即建筑和危险模拟、游戏互动和数据收集，对已确定的研究进行了综合和讨论。现有文献中揭示的特点有助于更好地理解技术计划和实践。应急类型和研究兴趣的多样性导致了大量文章采用不同的设置。不同文章所模拟的特征、收集的数据和实验过程也不尽相同。研究显示，火灾紧急情况最受关注，而对其他危险的研究较少。大多数研究集中于建筑设计线索，越来越多的研究涉及社会效应。发现的不足和提出的意见有助于指导今后的研究。目前的游戏设计侧重于提示而非真实感，参与实验的人群样本也存在偏差。此外，加强游戏互动和模型可重用性也至关重要。

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引用次数: 0