Abstract Globalization and the pressure to increased industrial agriculture result in deterioration of the environment, climate change and a serious threat to human and animal health. Soil contamination affected by the environmental pollution is one of the most pressing issues in the political and expert debate on food safety within the related EU policies as Common Agricultural Policy, EU agri-environmental, EU food policy and EU health policy.
{"title":"Quality Soil as a Pathway to Healthy Food in the EU – Project Information","authors":"Zuzana Bohátová, Lucia Palšová, J. Lazíková","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globalization and the pressure to increased industrial agriculture result in deterioration of the environment, climate change and a serious threat to human and animal health. Soil contamination affected by the environmental pollution is one of the most pressing issues in the political and expert debate on food safety within the related EU policies as Common Agricultural Policy, EU agri-environmental, EU food policy and EU health policy.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117183054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article addresses issues related to the movement of livestock biological material that is used for reproduction. Its movement may be accompanied by the spread of pathogens. To avoid this, specific instruments have been adopted at EU and national level. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the legal standards adopted in this field, which shape the circulation of biological material in the aspect of livestock health safety. In conclusion, it was stated that the normative solutions established at the EU level lead to the unification and harmonization of conditions concerning trade in biological material of livestock, and thus meet the objectives set out in it. Nevertheless, national regulations should be modified in this respect and supported by executive acts allowing for full implementation of the EU solutions.
{"title":"Legislative Conditions for Trade in Biological Material of Farm Animals from a Health Perspective","authors":"I. Lipińska","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article addresses issues related to the movement of livestock biological material that is used for reproduction. Its movement may be accompanied by the spread of pathogens. To avoid this, specific instruments have been adopted at EU and national level. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the legal standards adopted in this field, which shape the circulation of biological material in the aspect of livestock health safety. In conclusion, it was stated that the normative solutions established at the EU level lead to the unification and harmonization of conditions concerning trade in biological material of livestock, and thus meet the objectives set out in it. Nevertheless, national regulations should be modified in this respect and supported by executive acts allowing for full implementation of the EU solutions.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116252826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Joint cross–border public procurement is a public procurement procedure in which a contract is awarded jointly by contracting authorities from two or more Member States. Such an approach con-tributes to the fulfilling potential offered by the EU Single Market. The aim of the paper is to con-tribute to the analytical results focused on the evaluation of joint cross–border procurement. The results are processed on the basis of data selected from TED. The results show that this approach in public procurement is not commonly used by contracting authorities. The use of this approach is dominated by the supply of services and the use of open procedure as a tendering procedure.
{"title":"Cross–Border Public Procurement in the European Union","authors":"T. Malatinec","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Joint cross–border public procurement is a public procurement procedure in which a contract is awarded jointly by contracting authorities from two or more Member States. Such an approach con-tributes to the fulfilling potential offered by the EU Single Market. The aim of the paper is to con-tribute to the analytical results focused on the evaluation of joint cross–border procurement. The results are processed on the basis of data selected from TED. The results show that this approach in public procurement is not commonly used by contracting authorities. The use of this approach is dominated by the supply of services and the use of open procedure as a tendering procedure.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127240425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Environmental law concepts are expressed in conventions, international binding laws, state practice and soft law commitments. They may be applicable to all foreign community members. These are widely recognized and even approved in the practice of the state. A special feature of international environmental law is that many environmental issues are governed by non–binding soft–law instruments that allow faster responses to international environmental issues. Governments tend to resist legally binding treaty regulation for different reasons but are much more likely to adopt a written action plan or resolution, at least voicing a political will to address an issue. The numerous constitutional standards of several countries must be followed when negotiating international agreements: for example, the way the national parliament must approve and enforce a treaty. The paper investigates the regulation system of international environmental law.
{"title":"Legal Tools in International Environmental Law","authors":"Z. Szira, Hani Alghamdi, Erika Varga, K. Bárdos","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental law concepts are expressed in conventions, international binding laws, state practice and soft law commitments. They may be applicable to all foreign community members. These are widely recognized and even approved in the practice of the state. A special feature of international environmental law is that many environmental issues are governed by non–binding soft–law instruments that allow faster responses to international environmental issues. Governments tend to resist legally binding treaty regulation for different reasons but are much more likely to adopt a written action plan or resolution, at least voicing a political will to address an issue. The numerous constitutional standards of several countries must be followed when negotiating international agreements: for example, the way the national parliament must approve and enforce a treaty. The paper investigates the regulation system of international environmental law.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the waste sector, EU Member States implement EU legislation. They rely on EU Directives and their waste legislation and policies. During the evaluated period (2015–2021), the Slovak Republic amended the Waste Act 79/2015 Coll. and issued strategy papers following EU legislation. France adopted its National program for prevention of waste and Finland its National waste management plan. In our research, we use a method of comparison and analysis of selected legislative documents to examine the achievement of the Green Deal’s objectives in the Slovak Republic and selected EU countries. We have shown the legislative process results through research, which indicate the achievement of set waste management goals. In our future research we will focus on building waste management infrastructure in the EU since it is necessary to apply the idea promoting the support of such waste treatment facilities that will be sustainable throughout their existence.
{"title":"EU Legislative Support in the Waste Sector","authors":"E. Marišová, Marina Valenćiková","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the waste sector, EU Member States implement EU legislation. They rely on EU Directives and their waste legislation and policies. During the evaluated period (2015–2021), the Slovak Republic amended the Waste Act 79/2015 Coll. and issued strategy papers following EU legislation. France adopted its National program for prevention of waste and Finland its National waste management plan. In our research, we use a method of comparison and analysis of selected legislative documents to examine the achievement of the Green Deal’s objectives in the Slovak Republic and selected EU countries. We have shown the legislative process results through research, which indicate the achievement of set waste management goals. In our future research we will focus on building waste management infrastructure in the EU since it is necessary to apply the idea promoting the support of such waste treatment facilities that will be sustainable throughout their existence.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130190150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents 9 water alerts illustrating the state and problems of water management in Poland three years after the entry of the new Water Act into force on January 1, 2018. The alerts were developed by a group of experts critically assessing some of the introduced legislative changes. The alerts analyzed the main problems related to drought and flood protection as well as the specificity of water management in cities and rural areas. Postulates to improve the legal regulations in the field of water management and financing, its integration with spatial planning and educational needs in this regard were also presented. The content of 8 alerts is briefly discussed, and the problem of water–agriculture interaction is presented in more detail. The article indicates that legal regulations of water management are particularly difficult as they apply to the entire society, almost all economic sectors and the natural environment, and its preparation must be carried out with extreme care after many analyzes and debates.
{"title":"Changes in Legal Regulations as a Way of Improving Water Management in Poland","authors":"E. Pierzgalski","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents 9 water alerts illustrating the state and problems of water management in Poland three years after the entry of the new Water Act into force on January 1, 2018. The alerts were developed by a group of experts critically assessing some of the introduced legislative changes. The alerts analyzed the main problems related to drought and flood protection as well as the specificity of water management in cities and rural areas. Postulates to improve the legal regulations in the field of water management and financing, its integration with spatial planning and educational needs in this regard were also presented. The content of 8 alerts is briefly discussed, and the problem of water–agriculture interaction is presented in more detail. The article indicates that legal regulations of water management are particularly difficult as they apply to the entire society, almost all economic sectors and the natural environment, and its preparation must be carried out with extreme care after many analyzes and debates.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prof. UAM Dr. hab. Aneta Suchoń presents with this publication a very remarkable book about the legal form of the cooperative and the functions of the cooperative in agriculture. She has succeeded in winning recognised experts from several countries for the project. Eight authors have each written a country report. One author contributes a fundamental article on agricultural organisation law. And one author has written an overview article on the worldwide development of the agricultural cooperative movement. In addition to the country report on Poland, the editor herself presents the introduction to the book and an overview article on the emergence and development of agricultural cooperative law worldwide and in Europe. At the beginning of her introduction, Aneta Suchoń characterises agriculture in a concise manner with the following words, thereby simultaneously justifying the great need for co– operation in agriculture within the framework of cooperatives (p. 13): «Agriculture, which fulfi ls important economic, social and spatial functions, is a signifi cant branch of the economy. Its chief aims focus on the production of food and raw resources for various branches of the industry, and more broadly speaking, on the supply of public goods. At the same time, there is a high level of fi nancial uncertainty for agricultural producers, due to, for example, the relatively high costs associated with agricultural activity, the price changes of agricultural products and the impact of weather conditions. In addition, agricultural producers, especially European ones, have to meet more and more requirements related to areas such as environmental protection, public health, and animal health. Taking into account the high degree of fi nancial uncertainty experienced by agricultural producers, associated with the relatively high costs related to agricultural activities, the collective action of farmers is necessary to reduce the costs of agricultural production, achieve higher prices for agricultural products and increase their competitiveness in the market.» Specifi cally for the USA, Aneta Suchoń explains (p. 16) that the majority of the approximately two million farmers belong to one or more cooperatives. Around 30 per cent of all agricultural products are sold through about 3000 manufacturing cooperatives. In this context, it should be mentioned that in the USA, a special antitrust law for agricultural cooperatives, especially in the dairy sector, has been in force for around 100 years, which privileges cooperatives by offering farmers opportunities to build countervailing power against the highly concentrated buyer side (see Paul Richli/Christian Busse, Competition rules in agriculture, General report of Commission I, in: CEDR [ed.], Agriculture and Competition, XXIX European Congress and Colloquium of Rural Law, Baden–Baden 2019, p..133 ff.). According to Suchoń, there are around 22,000 agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, and their total tu
郝博士教授Aneta suchoski在这本书中介绍了合作社的法律形式以及合作社在农业中的作用。她成功地为这个项目赢得了来自几个国家的公认专家。8位作者分别撰写了一份国别报告。一位作者撰写了一篇关于农业组织法的基础性文章。还有一位作者写了一篇概述农业合作运动在世界范围内发展的文章。除了关于波兰的国家报告外，编辑本人还介绍了该书的介绍和一篇关于世界和欧洲农业合作社法的出现和发展的概述文章。在引言的开头，Aneta suchoski用以下简洁的方式描述了农业，从而同时证明了在合作社框架内农业合作的巨大需求(第13页):“农业，履行重要的经济，社会和空间功能，是经济的一个重要分支。它的主要目标集中在食品和原材料的生产，为工业的各个分支，更广泛地说，在公共产品的供应。与此同时，由于与农业活动有关的成本相对较高、农产品价格变化以及天气条件的影响等原因，农业生产者面临着高度的财政不确定性。此外，农业生产者，特别是欧洲的农业生产者，必须满足越来越多的与环境保护、公共卫生和动物卫生等领域有关的要求。考虑到农业生产者所经历的高度金融不确定性，以及与农业活动相关的相对较高的成本，农民的集体行动对于降低农业生产成本、提高农产品价格和提高其市场竞争力是必要的。»Aneta suchoski特别为美国解释说(第16页)，大约200万农民中的大多数属于一个或多个合作社。大约30%的农产品是通过大约3000个生产合作社销售的。在这方面，应该提到的是，在美国，一项针对农业合作社的特别反托拉斯法，特别是在乳制品部门，已经实施了大约100年，该法律使合作社享有特权，使农民有机会建立对抗高度集中的买方的反补贴力量(见保罗·里奇利/克里斯蒂安·布塞，农业竞争规则，第一委员会的一般报告，载于:[编辑]，《农业与竞争》，第29届欧洲农村法大会与学术讨论会，巴登-巴登，2019，页。133 ff)。据苏霍霍称，欧盟约有2.2万家农业合作社，总营业额超过3470亿欧元。它们在农业生产资料的交付中占有50%以上的份额，在农产品的购买、加工和销售中占有60%以上的份额。欧盟也认识到，必须给农民更多的机会来组织反补贴力量，以对抗高度集中的买方，这已经通过法规(EU) No 1308/2013实现。这让人们对欧洲的反垄断法，尤其是对合作社的反垄断法有了正确的认识。suchoski正确地引用了其序言第131条，其中说(S. 17):“生产者组织及其协会可以在集中供应，改善营销，计划和调整生产以满足需求，优化生产成本和稳定生产者价格，开展研究，促进最佳实践和提供技术援助，管理副产品和风险管理方面发挥有益的作用。
{"title":"Review of the Book “The Legal and Economic Aspects of Associations and Agricultural Producers in Selected Countries of The World” by Aneta Suchoń (Editor)","authors":"P. Richli","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. UAM Dr. hab. Aneta Suchoń presents with this publication a very remarkable book about the legal form of the cooperative and the functions of the cooperative in agriculture. She has succeeded in winning recognised experts from several countries for the project. Eight authors have each written a country report. One author contributes a fundamental article on agricultural organisation law. And one author has written an overview article on the worldwide development of the agricultural cooperative movement. In addition to the country report on Poland, the editor herself presents the introduction to the book and an overview article on the emergence and development of agricultural cooperative law worldwide and in Europe. At the beginning of her introduction, Aneta Suchoń characterises agriculture in a concise manner with the following words, thereby simultaneously justifying the great need for co– operation in agriculture within the framework of cooperatives (p. 13): «Agriculture, which fulfi ls important economic, social and spatial functions, is a signifi cant branch of the economy. Its chief aims focus on the production of food and raw resources for various branches of the industry, and more broadly speaking, on the supply of public goods. At the same time, there is a high level of fi nancial uncertainty for agricultural producers, due to, for example, the relatively high costs associated with agricultural activity, the price changes of agricultural products and the impact of weather conditions. In addition, agricultural producers, especially European ones, have to meet more and more requirements related to areas such as environmental protection, public health, and animal health. Taking into account the high degree of fi nancial uncertainty experienced by agricultural producers, associated with the relatively high costs related to agricultural activities, the collective action of farmers is necessary to reduce the costs of agricultural production, achieve higher prices for agricultural products and increase their competitiveness in the market.» Specifi cally for the USA, Aneta Suchoń explains (p. 16) that the majority of the approximately two million farmers belong to one or more cooperatives. Around 30 per cent of all agricultural products are sold through about 3000 manufacturing cooperatives. In this context, it should be mentioned that in the USA, a special antitrust law for agricultural cooperatives, especially in the dairy sector, has been in force for around 100 years, which privileges cooperatives by offering farmers opportunities to build countervailing power against the highly concentrated buyer side (see Paul Richli/Christian Busse, Competition rules in agriculture, General report of Commission I, in: CEDR [ed.], Agriculture and Competition, XXIX European Congress and Colloquium of Rural Law, Baden–Baden 2019, p..133 ff.). According to Suchoń, there are around 22,000 agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, and their total tu","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131451384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Agricultural land is currently protected by many subjects and institutions. The characteristics of the soil in terms of its functions and importance for individuals or society from perspectives of several scientific disciplines is dealt with by several authors. The aim of the paper is to point out the current state and importance of the agricultural land protection in Slovakia in connection with the threats that affect its quantity and overall quality. The indicators as the area of agricultural land and the structure of the land fund, the evolution of agricultural land withdrawals for non-agricultural purposes and the current state or structure of legislation and institutions in the field of agricultural land protection in Slovakia were evaluated. The paper pointed out the important role of agricultural land in the country, as its area, especially with the majority of arable land and permanent grasslands, represents the majority of the total area of Slovakia. For several years, however, the volume of agricultural land has been steadily declining. This phenomenon is partly caused by the agricultural land withdrawals, which have now managed to stabilize at an average of 1000ha of withdrawn land per year. In Slovakia, there is currently a large number of legislative acts regulating the protection and agricultural land withdrawals, as well as a wide range of state and non-state institutions that operate in the field of agricultural land protection. The effectiveness of the implementation of legislation and the effectiveness of mutual cooperation of institutions seems questionable focusing on the current state of the land fund, which leads to the need to expand research on these aspects.
{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Indicators Pointing at the Current Condition and Importance of Agricultural Land Protection in Slovakia","authors":"Zina Machničová","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agricultural land is currently protected by many subjects and institutions. The characteristics of the soil in terms of its functions and importance for individuals or society from perspectives of several scientific disciplines is dealt with by several authors. The aim of the paper is to point out the current state and importance of the agricultural land protection in Slovakia in connection with the threats that affect its quantity and overall quality. The indicators as the area of agricultural land and the structure of the land fund, the evolution of agricultural land withdrawals for non-agricultural purposes and the current state or structure of legislation and institutions in the field of agricultural land protection in Slovakia were evaluated. The paper pointed out the important role of agricultural land in the country, as its area, especially with the majority of arable land and permanent grasslands, represents the majority of the total area of Slovakia. For several years, however, the volume of agricultural land has been steadily declining. This phenomenon is partly caused by the agricultural land withdrawals, which have now managed to stabilize at an average of 1000ha of withdrawn land per year. In Slovakia, there is currently a large number of legislative acts regulating the protection and agricultural land withdrawals, as well as a wide range of state and non-state institutions that operate in the field of agricultural land protection. The effectiveness of the implementation of legislation and the effectiveness of mutual cooperation of institutions seems questionable focusing on the current state of the land fund, which leads to the need to expand research on these aspects.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131222191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Food norms are embodied within all the essential components of food security; availability, access, utilization, and stability. However, the adverse economic influences of these norms are largely under–researched in developing countries. Unique in its scoop, this study thus investigates the impacts of food taboos and preferences (FTP) on food security in Ethiopia, one of the world’s food–insecure nations combined with a culture of strict food norms. On the basis of a qualitative research design with semi–structured in–depth interviews, primary data was collected from eleven key informants of pertinent multidisciplinary backgrounds, experts and decision–makers. The empirical evidence revealed that religious and secular– based FTP have put significant restrictions on the efficient utilization of the existing edible resources in the country. For example, during Orthodox Christian (OC) and Muslim fasting days, the overall food supply chain undergoes economic turbulence. Particularly, the economic challenge of OC fasting is expressed by (1) a decrease in consumption and supply of non–vegan foods, (2) the temporary closure of butcher and dairy shops, (3) an increase in the demand and price of vegan foods, and (4) an overall reduction in consumption and economic transactions. Moreover, the tradition of animal consecration at home has made many Ethiopians to rarely depend on supermarkets, groceries, and other licensed meat shops. In turn, this impedes the country’s endeavor of attracting local and foreign private investors in the general food sector. It also alienates people from access to food labels, meat quality controls, price, size, and choice advantages, all of which are essential for better, adaptive, and stable food utilization. The results discovered in this thesis enrich our understanding on the role of food norms in the economic systems. Particularly, the study sheds light on the indispensable need to consider the subject of FTP in policies and programs aiming to end food insecurity.
{"title":"The Impacts of Food Taboos and Preferences on Food Security in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ethiopia","authors":"A. Sewenet, P. Schwarcz","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food norms are embodied within all the essential components of food security; availability, access, utilization, and stability. However, the adverse economic influences of these norms are largely under–researched in developing countries. Unique in its scoop, this study thus investigates the impacts of food taboos and preferences (FTP) on food security in Ethiopia, one of the world’s food–insecure nations combined with a culture of strict food norms. On the basis of a qualitative research design with semi–structured in–depth interviews, primary data was collected from eleven key informants of pertinent multidisciplinary backgrounds, experts and decision–makers. The empirical evidence revealed that religious and secular– based FTP have put significant restrictions on the efficient utilization of the existing edible resources in the country. For example, during Orthodox Christian (OC) and Muslim fasting days, the overall food supply chain undergoes economic turbulence. Particularly, the economic challenge of OC fasting is expressed by (1) a decrease in consumption and supply of non–vegan foods, (2) the temporary closure of butcher and dairy shops, (3) an increase in the demand and price of vegan foods, and (4) an overall reduction in consumption and economic transactions. Moreover, the tradition of animal consecration at home has made many Ethiopians to rarely depend on supermarkets, groceries, and other licensed meat shops. In turn, this impedes the country’s endeavor of attracting local and foreign private investors in the general food sector. It also alienates people from access to food labels, meat quality controls, price, size, and choice advantages, all of which are essential for better, adaptive, and stable food utilization. The results discovered in this thesis enrich our understanding on the role of food norms in the economic systems. Particularly, the study sheds light on the indispensable need to consider the subject of FTP in policies and programs aiming to end food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128926763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Soil quality issues, together with issues related to healthy food, are becoming key areas of interest at the European level. Both spheres play an important role in the formulation of EU policies such as the EU Common Agricultural Policy, EU Agri–environmental Policy, EU Food Policy but also EU Health Policy. For this reason, deepening knowledge and exchanging experiences in these areas seem to be necessary preconditions for finding ways to respond to current challenges and problems. The project “Quality Soil as a Pathway to Healthy Food in the EU”, acronym FOODIE, also reacts on the mentioned issues. The main aim of the project is to foster an expertise dialogue between the crucial experts (academics, public authorities, professionals from practice) in the field of food/feed management in the EU affecting the achieving the objectives of correlated EU policies and recently adopted European Green Deal. The presented paper is of a disseminating nature and aims to acquaint the reader with the mentioned project.
{"title":"Quality Soil and Healthy Food in the Jean Monnet Project","authors":"Zuzana Bohátová, Lucia Palšová, N. Floriš","doi":"10.2478/eual-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil quality issues, together with issues related to healthy food, are becoming key areas of interest at the European level. Both spheres play an important role in the formulation of EU policies such as the EU Common Agricultural Policy, EU Agri–environmental Policy, EU Food Policy but also EU Health Policy. For this reason, deepening knowledge and exchanging experiences in these areas seem to be necessary preconditions for finding ways to respond to current challenges and problems. The project “Quality Soil as a Pathway to Healthy Food in the EU”, acronym FOODIE, also reacts on the mentioned issues. The main aim of the project is to foster an expertise dialogue between the crucial experts (academics, public authorities, professionals from practice) in the field of food/feed management in the EU affecting the achieving the objectives of correlated EU policies and recently adopted European Green Deal. The presented paper is of a disseminating nature and aims to acquaint the reader with the mentioned project.","PeriodicalId":213841,"journal":{"name":"EU agrarian Law","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126766566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：