Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605585
C. Bayoudh, F. Haouala, M. Mars
Abstract
Micropropagation of fig is playing an interesting role in the rapid multiplication of varieties with important characters and the regeneration of virus-free plants. FMD (Fig Mosaic Disease) is the viral disorder the most spread all over the world and considered as a serious problem for healthy fig plant propagation and high fig production. During the last four decades, many efficient protocols have been established for in vitro large-scale propagation of female figs and caprifigs for plant material sanitation. Successful micropropagation of figs using meristematic tissues (nodal segments or apical buds) is dependant to several external and internal factors including in vitro conditions (media components essentially) and ex vitro (genotype and physiological state, etc.). Specific requirements during all steps of plant regeneration, such as the initiation of in vitro cultures, shoot multiplication, plantlet rooting and acclimatization are summarized in this review. The efficacy of meristem and tip culture in the eradication of viruses from fig vitroplants is also reported. New approaches for the improvement of shoot multiplication and fig vitroplant quality (bioreactors, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc.) and the genetic stability and conformity of micropropagated plantlets are discussed.
{"title":"Micropropagation and In Vitro Sanitation of Fig (Ficus carica L.)—a Review","authors":"C. Bayoudh, F. Haouala, M. Mars","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605585","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Micropropagation of fig is playing an interesting role in the rapid multiplication of varieties with important characters and the regeneration of virus-free plants. FMD (Fig Mosaic Disease) is the viral disorder the most spread all over the world and considered as a serious problem for healthy fig plant propagation and high fig production. During the last four decades, many efficient protocols have been established for in vitro large-scale propagation of female figs and caprifigs for plant material sanitation. Successful micropropagation of figs using meristematic tissues (nodal segments or apical buds) is dependant to several external and internal factors including in vitro conditions (media components essentially) and ex vitro (genotype and physiological state, etc.). Specific requirements during all steps of plant regeneration, such as the initiation of in vitro cultures, shoot multiplication, plantlet rooting and acclimatization are summarized in this review. The efficacy of meristem and tip culture in the eradication of viruses from fig vitroplants is also reported. New approaches for the improvement of shoot multiplication and fig vitroplant quality (bioreactors, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc.) and the genetic stability and conformity of micropropagated plantlets are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603622
R. Ravinath, Y. N. Sagar, N. Mankal, S. Rajagopal
Abstract
miRNA are endogenous regulatory molecules comprising 20–24 nucleotides playing a crucial role in the growth and development of various organs in animals as well as plants. In plants, miRNAs regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses conferring tolerance by functioning as negative and positive regulators. Down-regulation of the target genes is accomplished by repressing translation or by cleavage of a transcript or by inhibiting transcription. Various studies on crop plants like rice, wheat, and sugarcane have revealed the importance of miRNA in conferring abiotic stress tolerance against salinity and drought and biotic resistance against pests such as plant pathogens and insects. The biotic and abiotic stress regulates the target gene expression through the differential expression of specific miRNAs. An in-depth study of miRNA as a molecular marker in plants under stress conditions, profiling miRNA expressions and thorough understanding of its role in gene regulation may help in enhancing crop productivity and crop management against various stress conditions. So, the main objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in miRNA regulation in plants with special emphasis on its role in stress tolerance.
{"title":"MicroRNA—the Promising Molecular Tool for Engineering Stress Resistance in Crop Plants","authors":"R. Ravinath, Y. N. Sagar, N. Mankal, S. Rajagopal","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603622","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>miRNA are endogenous regulatory molecules comprising 20–24 nucleotides playing a crucial role in the growth and development of various organs in animals as well as plants. In plants, miRNAs regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses conferring tolerance by functioning as negative and positive regulators. Down-regulation of the target genes is accomplished by repressing translation or by cleavage of a transcript or by inhibiting transcription. Various studies on crop plants like rice, wheat, and sugarcane have revealed the importance of miRNA in conferring abiotic stress tolerance against salinity and drought and biotic resistance against pests such as plant pathogens and insects. The biotic and abiotic stress regulates the target gene expression through the differential expression of specific miRNAs. An in-depth study of miRNA as a molecular marker in plants under stress conditions, profiling miRNA expressions and thorough understanding of its role in gene regulation may help in enhancing crop productivity and crop management against various stress conditions. So, the main objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in miRNA regulation in plants with special emphasis on its role in stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605111
H. Wang, C. Zhang, H. Li, M. Nie, D. Cheng, J. Chen, J. Lv, Y. Niu
Abstract
Fengdan (Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews), a woody oil crop abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, notably linolenic acid, holds promise in agriculture. However, selenium deficiency in Chinese soil poses a challenge to its growth. This study investigated the impact of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Fengdan’s physiological traits and selenium enrichment. Employing a randomized complete block design, five SeNPs spraying levels were tested on Fengdan cultivar Feng Dan. Results showed substantial enhancements in photosynthetic parameters with Se application, particularly at 6.00 g/ha (S3) and 8.25 g/ha (S4). Moreover, Se application improved protein, soluble sugar, and proline solubility, along with increased activities of SOD and POD, while decreased MDA content. Se content in Fengdan organs notably increased with SeNPs concentration, especially in the testa, leaf, and kernel. In conclusion, comprehensive SeNPs fertilizer application positively affected Fengdan’s growth, photosynthesis, and selenium enrichment. The most effective treatments were observed at 6.00 g/ha (S3) and 8.25 g/ha (S4). This study offers valuable insights into selenium enrichment strategies for oil crops, stressing the significance of Se application dosage and organ specificity in biological Se enrichment.
摘要凤丹（Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews）是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸（尤其是亚麻酸）的木本油料作物，在农业中前景广阔。然而，中国土壤缺硒对其生长构成了挑战。本研究探讨了纳米硒粒子（SeNPs）对凤丹生理性状和富硒的影响。采用随机完全区组设计，在凤丹栽培品种上测试了五种 SeNPs 喷洒水平。结果表明，施用 Se 能显著提高光合参数，尤其是在 6.00 g/ha （S3）和 8.25 g/ha （S4）时。此外，施用 Se 还提高了蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸的溶解度，增加了 SOD 和 POD 的活性，同时降低了 MDA 的含量。凤丹器官中的 Se 含量随着 SeNPs 浓度的增加而显著增加，特别是在种皮、叶片和种仁中。总之，全面施用 SeNPs 肥料对凤丹的生长、光合作用和富硒有积极影响。施用 6.00 克/公顷（S3）和 8.25 克/公顷（S4）的处理效果最佳。这项研究为油料作物的富硒策略提供了宝贵的见解，强调了施硒剂量和器官特异性在生物富硒中的重要性。
{"title":"Effects of Foliar Application of Nano-Se on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Se Accumulation in Paeonia ostii","authors":"H. Wang, C. Zhang, H. Li, M. Nie, D. Cheng, J. Chen, J. Lv, Y. Niu","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Fengdan (<i>Paeonia</i> × <i>suffruticosa</i> Andrews), a woody oil crop abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, notably linolenic acid, holds promise in agriculture. However, selenium deficiency in Chinese soil poses a challenge to its growth. This study investigated the impact of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Fengdan’s physiological traits and selenium enrichment. Employing a randomized complete block design, five SeNPs spraying levels were tested on Fengdan cultivar Feng Dan. Results showed substantial enhancements in photosynthetic parameters with Se application, particularly at 6.00 g/ha (S3) and 8.25 g/ha (S4). Moreover, Se application improved protein, soluble sugar, and proline solubility, along with increased activities of SOD and POD, while decreased MDA content. Se content in Fengdan organs notably increased with SeNPs concentration, especially in the testa, leaf, and kernel. In conclusion, comprehensive SeNPs fertilizer application positively affected Fengdan’s growth, photosynthesis, and selenium enrichment. The most effective treatments were observed at 6.00 g/ha (S3) and 8.25 g/ha (S4). This study offers valuable insights into selenium enrichment strategies for oil crops, stressing the significance of Se application dosage and organ specificity in biological Se enrichment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605895
U. H. Erol
Abstract
Drought, an important abiotic stress factor, has a profound effect on plant growth, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigated the interactive effects of drought stress [100, 75, 50 and 25% Field Capacity (FC)] and plant development stages (20, 40 and 60 days after flowering) on pepper species (Capsicum annuumL. and Capsicum chinense Jacq.). The results show that drought affects plant morphology and reduces photosynthetic pigments while increasing phytochemicals [total phenolics (TPh), total flavonoids (TFv) and total antioxidant activity (TAa)], malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline, and antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)] (P ≤ 0.05). Throughout plant development, a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and phytochemicals was observed, accompanied by an increase in biochemical components and antioxidant enzymes. The photosynthetic pigments of C. annuum were less affected by drought. Extreme irrigation conditions (25 and 100% FC) caused significant phytochemical changes. With increasing drought stress severity, C. annuum showed significantly higher biophysical and enzymatic values compared to C. chinense. Different stress conditions resulted in significantly higher increases in SOD, POD and CAT levels in C. annuum compared to C. chinense at all growth stages, with average increases of 1.40-fold, 1.25-fold and 1.75-fold, respectively. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in C. annuum with increasing stress severity, helping to cope with oxidative stress. In conclusion, C. annuum shows more stable morphological, physiological and biochemical performances compared to C. chinense, establishing itself as a more drought-tolerant species.
{"title":"Comparison of Morphological, Biochemical and Enzymatic Responses of Some Capsicum Species to Drought Stress during Developmental Stages","authors":"U. H. Erol","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605895","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Drought, an important abiotic stress factor, has a profound effect on plant growth, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigated the interactive effects of drought stress [100, 75, 50 and 25% Field Capacity (FC)] and plant development stages (20, 40 and 60 days after flowering) on pepper species (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>L. and <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Jacq.). The results show that drought affects plant morphology and reduces photosynthetic pigments while increasing phytochemicals [total phenolics (TPh), total flavonoids (TFv) and total antioxidant activity (TAa)], malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline, and antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)] (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Throughout plant development, a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and phytochemicals was observed, accompanied by an increase in biochemical components and antioxidant enzymes. The photosynthetic pigments of <i>C. annuum</i> were less affected by drought. Extreme irrigation conditions (25 and 100% FC) caused significant phytochemical changes. With increasing drought stress severity, <i>C. annuum</i> showed significantly higher biophysical and enzymatic values compared to <i>C. chinense</i>. Different stress conditions resulted in significantly higher increases in SOD, POD and CAT levels in <i>C. annuum</i> compared to <i>C. chinense</i> at all growth stages, with average increases of 1.40-fold, 1.25-fold and 1.75-fold, respectively. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in <i>C. annuum</i> with increasing stress severity, helping to cope with oxidative stress. In conclusion, <i>C. annuum</i> shows more stable morphological, physiological and biochemical performances compared to <i>C. chinense</i>, establishing itself as a more drought-tolerant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605470
M. Gerami, P. Majidian, M. Andarza, H. R. Ghorbani
Abstract
Salinity poses a serious challenge for stevia cultivation to meet growing demand. This study investigates protective supplements for stevia grown under saline conditions. Seedlings were subjected to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 150, and 300 ppm), putrescine (0 and 1 mM), and salt (0, 75, and 150 mM) in a factorial design. Morphological traits (plant height, leaf dry and fresh weight), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total), proline content, soluble and glycoside sugars (rebaudioside A and stevioside), and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and peroxidase) were measured. Higher salt concentrations (150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, leaf dry and fresh weight, and chlorophyll but increased proline, soluble and glycoside sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Foliar applications of putrescine (1 mM) and TiO2 nanoparticles (150 and 300 ppm) mitigated salt stress by improving growth and physiological properties. Simultaneous application of putrescine (1 mM) and TiO2 nanoparticles (300 ppm) was most effective at enhancing secondary metabolite production, important for the pharmaceutical industry. This study demonstrates protective roles of putrescine and TiO2 nanoparticles for stevia cultivation under saline conditions.
{"title":"Alleviating Salt-Induced Effects in Stevia rebaudiana Via Exogenous Supply of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Putrescine","authors":"M. Gerami, P. Majidian, M. Andarza, H. R. Ghorbani","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605470","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Salinity poses a serious challenge for stevia cultivation to meet growing demand. This study investigates protective supplements for stevia grown under saline conditions. Seedlings were subjected to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 150, and 300 ppm), putrescine (0 and 1 mM), and salt (0, 75, and 150 mM) in a factorial design. Morphological traits (plant height, leaf dry and fresh weight), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, total), proline content, soluble and glycoside sugars (rebaudioside A and stevioside), and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and peroxidase) were measured. Higher salt concentrations (150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, leaf dry and fresh weight, and chlorophyll but increased proline, soluble and glycoside sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Foliar applications of putrescine (1 mM) and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (150 and 300 ppm) mitigated salt stress by improving growth and physiological properties. Simultaneous application of putrescine (1 mM) and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (300 ppm) was most effective at enhancing secondary metabolite production, important for the pharmaceutical industry. This study demonstrates protective roles of putrescine and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for stevia cultivation under saline conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605469
W. Li, L. Zhao, S. F. Jing, D. H. Li, H. Y. Li
Abstract
The HD-ZIP transcription factor family plays crucial roles in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. While its diverse functions and regulatory mechanisms are well-documented, its role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance in peaches remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the bioinformatics profile of PpGL2, a member of the HD-ZIP transcription factor family, and its integration into the soybean genome to assess its potential impact on drought tolerance. Localization studies in onion cells revealed nuclear localization of PpGL2-GFP fusion protein, while yeast hybridization experiments demonstrated its transactivation and DNA binding abilities. PpGL2 overexpression under drought conditions led to reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde compared to wild-type, decreased rate of water loss, and increased chlorophyll and relative water content. Additionally, PpGL2 overexpression promoted soybean height and root length under drought stress, accompanied by altered transcription levels of stress-related genes across different plant genotypes. Furthermore, PpGL2 overexpression enhanced oxidative tolerance. Therefore, our findings suggest that PpGL2 overexpression holds promise for enhancing soybean drought resistance, offering a novel approach to improving soybean drought resistance.
{"title":"Overexpression of PpGL2 from Prunus persica Enhanced Soybean Drought Tolerance","authors":"W. Li, L. Zhao, S. F. Jing, D. H. Li, H. Y. Li","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605469","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The HD-ZIP transcription factor family plays crucial roles in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. While its diverse functions and regulatory mechanisms are well-documented, its role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance in peaches remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the bioinformatics profile of PpGL2, a member of the HD-ZIP transcription factor family, and its integration into the soybean genome to assess its potential impact on drought tolerance. Localization studies in onion cells revealed nuclear localization of PpGL2-GFP fusion protein, while yeast hybridization experiments demonstrated its transactivation and DNA binding abilities. <i>PpGL2</i> overexpression under drought conditions led to reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde compared to wild-type, decreased rate of water loss, and increased chlorophyll and relative water content. Additionally, <i>PpGL2</i> overexpression promoted soybean height and root length under drought stress, accompanied by altered transcription levels of stress-related genes across different plant genotypes. Furthermore, <i>PpGL2</i> overexpression enhanced oxidative tolerance. Therefore, our findings suggest that <i>PpGL2</i> overexpression holds promise for enhancing soybean drought resistance, offering a novel approach to improving soybean drought resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605196
Q. Li, B. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, S. Yan
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghumbicolor) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world and is an important food and feed crop. However, the understanding of the chloroplast genome of sorghum is limited, especially for some landrace varieties. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 10 sorghum varieties from southwestern China were assembled and analysed in depth. The genome sizes ranged between 140.644 and 140.814 bp; the b3 variety had the smallest genome size, and the b6, b7 and b8 varieties had the largest. Highly conserved sequences were found among the 10 cp genomes. A total of 136 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs, were found in each cp genome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the large single-copy (LSC) region had more SNPs and indels than the inverted repeat (IR) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. Furthermore, some genes, including matK, matK-trnk, psbM-petN, rps12-rpl20, and ccsA, exhibited greater sequence variation than others. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that b3 had a distant genetic relationship with the other 9 varieties. Our findings provide valuable information for a deeper understanding of the genetic structure of sorghum germplasm resources globally and provide an important foundation for subsequent genetic improvement of sorghum.
{"title":"Chloroplast Genome Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationships of Different Sorghum Germplasms","authors":"Q. Li, B. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, S. Yan","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605196","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Sorghum (<i>Sorghum</i> <i>bicolor</i>) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world and is an important food and feed crop. However, the understanding of the chloroplast genome of sorghum is limited, especially for some landrace varieties. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 10 sorghum varieties from southwestern China were assembled and analysed in depth. The genome sizes ranged between 140.644 and 140.814 bp; the b3 variety had the smallest genome size, and the b6, b7 and b8 varieties had the largest. Highly conserved sequences were found among the 10 cp genomes. A total of 136 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs, were found in each cp genome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the large single-copy (LSC) region had more SNPs and indels than the inverted repeat (IR) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. Furthermore, some genes, including <i>matK</i>, <i>matK-trnk</i>, <i>psbM-petN</i>, <i>rps12-rpl20</i>, and <i>ccsA</i>, exhibited greater sequence variation than others. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that b3 had a distant genetic relationship with the other 9 varieties. Our findings provide valuable information for a deeper understanding of the genetic structure of sorghum germplasm resources globally and provide an important foundation for subsequent genetic improvement of sorghum.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605536
M. A. Shelyakin, I. G. Zakhozhiy, I. V. Dalke, R. V. Malyshev, T. K. Golovko
Abstract
The effect of dust pollution on the photosynthesis and respiration parameters of foliose lichens Hypogimnia physodes (L.) Nyl, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd., collected near the bauxite mine (Komi Republic, Russia) was investigated. Microscopic analysis showed that fine dust particles were mainly on the thalli surface, with a few mineral inclusions in the thalli medulla. The deposition of dust particles caused significant changes in the optical properties of the lichen surface in the visible and infrared spectral regions. A number of spectral indices (BRI, REP, RES, WI) sensitive to lichen pollution by dust emissions from the bauxite mine were identified due changes in the reflectance spectra of the thalli. Shading of the algal layer by mineral particles deposited on the thalli surface did not affect the content of photosynthetic pigments and PS II photochemical activity parameters. At the same time, lichen CO2-exchange parameters were observed to change. Lichen thalli from the polluted area were characterized by lower values of net CO2 uptake in the moderate light conditions (150 µmol PAR/m2 s), and the proportion of dark respiration in the gas exchange was 1.5 to 2 times higher than the values for thalli from background site. A 2-fold decrease in cytochrome respiration capacity was observed in thalli from the affected area. In thalli of L. pulmonaria and P. aphthosa, the energetically inefficient alternative respiratory pathway capacity increased 1.5‑fold and in H. physodes the activity of residual respiration increased more than 3.5-fold. The results obtained allowed an assessment of the chronic dust pollution effects on the foliose lichens symbionts functioning. The data may be useful for environmental biomonitoring.
摘要 研究了粉尘污染对采集于铝土矿（俄罗斯科米共和国）附近的叶状地衣Hypogimnia physodes (L.) Nyl、Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.和Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.的光合作用和呼吸作用参数的影响。显微镜分析表明，细小的灰尘颗粒主要分布在毛状体表面，毛状体髓质中有少量矿物夹杂物。灰尘颗粒的沉积导致地衣表面在可见光和红外光谱区域的光学特性发生了显著变化。由于苔藓反射光谱的变化，确定了一些对铝土矿粉尘污染地衣敏感的光谱指数（BRI、REP、RES、WI）。沉积在苔藓表面的矿物颗粒对藻层的遮蔽并不影响光合色素的含量和 PS II 光化学活性参数。同时，地衣的二氧化碳交换参数也发生了变化。在中等光照条件下（150 µmol PAR/m2 s），污染区地衣的CO2净吸收值较低，气体交换中的暗呼吸比例是背景区地衣的1.5至2倍。受影响地区的扇叶细胞色素呼吸能力下降了 2 倍。在 L. pulmonaria 和 P. aphthosa 的铊中，能量效率低的替代呼吸途径能力增加了 1.5 倍，而在 H. physodes 中，残余呼吸活动增加了 3.5 倍以上。这些结果有助于评估慢性粉尘污染对叶状地衣共生体功能的影响。这些数据可能对环境生物监测有用。
{"title":"Effects of Dust Pollution on Photosynthesis and Respiration Parameters of Lichens in the Bauxite Mine Area","authors":"M. A. Shelyakin, I. G. Zakhozhiy, I. V. Dalke, R. V. Malyshev, T. K. Golovko","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605536","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of dust pollution on the photosynthesis and respiration parameters of foliose lichens <i>Hypogimnia physodes</i> (L.) Nyl, <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> (L.) Hoffm. and <i>Peltigera aphthosa</i> (L.) Willd., collected near the bauxite mine (Komi Republic, Russia) was investigated. Microscopic analysis showed that fine dust particles were mainly on the thalli surface, with a few mineral inclusions in the thalli medulla. The deposition of dust particles caused significant changes in the optical properties of the lichen surface in the visible and infrared spectral regions. A number of spectral indices (BRI, REP, RES, WI) sensitive to lichen pollution by dust emissions from the bauxite mine were identified due changes in the reflectance spectra of the thalli. Shading of the algal layer by mineral particles deposited on the thalli surface did not affect the content of photosynthetic pigments and PS II photochemical activity parameters. At the same time, lichen CO<sub>2</sub>-exchange parameters were observed to change. Lichen thalli from the polluted area were characterized by lower values of net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in the moderate light conditions (150 µmol PAR/m<sup>2</sup> s), and the proportion of dark respiration in the gas exchange was 1.5 to 2 times higher than the values for thalli from background site. A 2-fold decrease in cytochrome respiration capacity was observed in thalli from the affected area. In thalli of <i>L. pulmonaria</i> and <i>P. aphthosa</i>, the energetically inefficient alternative respiratory pathway capacity increased 1.5‑fold and in <i>H. physodes</i> the activity of residual respiration increased more than 3.5-fold. The results obtained allowed an assessment of the chronic dust pollution effects on the foliose lichens symbionts functioning. The data may be useful for environmental biomonitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605354
A. Bouazzi, A. Bouallegue, M. Kharrat, Z. Abbes, F. Horchani
Abstract
Salinity is a widespread environmental stress that severely impedes plant growth and development from seed germination to harvest. Thus, the development of suitable management practices to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress has become necessary. Among these methods, seed priming is considered as one of the potential physiological approaches to enhance seed germination in salt-affected soils. In the present research, we investigated the potentiality of gallic acid (1 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (2 mM) as priming agents to alleviate the salinity-inhibited germination of three faba bean cvs. (Najeh, Chourouk and Bachaar). The seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming) or pretreated with gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide, individually and simultaneously, and then subjected to 150 mM NaCl-salinity. Our results revealed that mean germination time was significantly increased; whereas final germination percentage and germination index as well as dry weight and water content of the embryonic axes were considerably lowered by salt stress in the unprimed seeds of the three faba bean cvs. This decrease was associated with inhibited starch degradation and increased malondialdehyde contents. Our results also indicated that although all germination traits as well as starch metabolism were enhanced following gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydropriming treatments to varying degrees, priming-mitigating effects were agent-dependent with regard to salt-induced oxidative damage, and osmoprotectant accumulation (proline and glycine betaine) as well as non-enzymatic (total polyphenols and flavonoids) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxide) antioxidant defense system. Contrarily to hydropriming treatment for which no obvious effects were observed, gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide priming significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content, increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation and enhanced the non-enzymatic as well as the enzymatic defense system to varying degrees for the three faba cvs. When compared to other treatments, simultaneous priming with gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide was more efficient in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on faba bean at the germination stage and may be, therefore, suggested as a potential strategy to overcome the salinity-mediated impairment of faba bean, particularly salt-sensitive genotypes, at the germination stage.
摘要 盐碱是一种普遍存在的环境胁迫，严重阻碍植物从种子发芽到收获的生长发育。因此，有必要开发合适的管理方法来尽量减少盐胁迫的有害影响。在这些方法中，种子催芽被认为是提高种子在受盐影响土壤中萌发的潜在生理方法之一。在本研究中，我们调查了没食子酸（1 毫摩尔）和过氧化氢（2 毫摩尔）作为催芽剂的潜力，以缓解三种蚕豆品种（Najeh、Chourouk 和 Bachaar）受盐分抑制的萌发。将种子浸泡在蒸馏水中（水萌发），或单独或同时用没食子酸和过氧化氢预处理，然后置于 150 mM NaCl 盐度条件下。我们的研究结果表明，盐胁迫显著延长了三种蚕豆品种种子的平均发芽时间，降低了最终发芽率和发芽指数以及胚轴的干重和含水量。这种降低与淀粉降解受抑制和丙二醛含量增加有关。我们的研究结果还表明，虽然没食子酸、过氧化氢和水刺处理在不同程度上增强了种子的所有萌发性状和淀粉代谢，但水刺的缓解作用在盐诱导的氧化损伤、渗透保护剂积累（脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱）以及非酶性（总多酚和类黄酮）和酶性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和愈创木酚）抗氧化防御系统方面取决于不同的药剂。与水刺处理无明显效果不同，没食子酸和双氧水刺处理显著降低了丙二醛含量，增加了脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累，并在不同程度上增强了三种蚕豆品种的非酶和酶防御系统。与其他处理相比，同时使用没食子酸和过氧化氢打底能更有效地减轻盐胁迫对蚕豆发芽阶段的不利影响，因此可作为克服盐胁迫对蚕豆（尤其是对盐敏感的基因型）发芽阶段损害的一种潜在策略。
{"title":"Seed Priming with Gallic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide as a Smart Approach to Mitigate Salt Stress in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Germination Stage","authors":"A. Bouazzi, A. Bouallegue, M. Kharrat, Z. Abbes, F. Horchani","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605354","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Salinity is a widespread environmental stress that severely impedes plant growth and development from seed germination to harvest. Thus, the development of suitable management practices to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress has become necessary. Among these methods, seed priming is considered as one of the potential physiological approaches to enhance seed germination in salt-affected soils. In the present research, we investigated the potentiality of gallic acid (1 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (2 mM) as priming agents to alleviate the salinity-inhibited germination of three faba bean cvs. (Najeh, Chourouk and Bachaar). The seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming) or pretreated with gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide, individually and simultaneously, and then subjected to 150 mM NaCl-salinity. Our results revealed that mean germination time was significantly increased; whereas final germination percentage and germination index as well as dry weight and water content of the embryonic axes were considerably lowered by salt stress in the unprimed seeds of the three faba bean cvs. This decrease was associated with inhibited starch degradation and increased malondialdehyde contents. Our results also indicated that although all germination traits as well as starch metabolism were enhanced following gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydropriming treatments to varying degrees, priming-mitigating effects were agent-dependent with regard to salt-induced oxidative damage, and osmoprotectant accumulation (proline and glycine betaine) as well as non-enzymatic (total polyphenols and flavonoids) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxide) antioxidant defense system. Contrarily to hydropriming treatment for which no obvious effects were observed, gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide priming significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content, increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation and enhanced the non-enzymatic as well as the enzymatic defense system to varying degrees for the three faba cvs. When compared to other treatments, simultaneous priming with gallic acid and hydrogen peroxide was more efficient in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on faba bean at the germination stage and may be, therefore, suggested as a potential strategy to overcome the salinity-mediated impairment of faba bean, particularly salt-sensitive genotypes, at the germination stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606062
I. S. Kapustina, E. V. Spiridonova, N. V. Ozolina, A. V. Tretyakova, V. V. Gurina
Abstract
The influence of toxic concentrations of copper ions (100 and 500 μM) on the composition of sterols in the vacuolar membrane of beet roots was studied (Beta vulgaris L.). As a result of the studies, 12 compounds were identified in the free sterol (FS) fraction and 11 compounds in the sterol ester (ES) fraction. The ES contained compounds that were not found in the FS. Interestingly, the total content of these biologically active compounds increased at 500 µM Cu2+. A decrease in such triterpenes as lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3β,18,20-triol, 3,18-diacetate, (20R)-(C34N54O5) was observed in FS and ES. In the FS fraction, the content of the compound 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- increased under stress, while its amount decreased in the ES. It has been established that the total content ∆5-sterols, under normal conditions and under stress, amounted to no more than 33% in the fraction of free sterols and 21% in the fraction of sterol esters. The predominant sterol was β-sitosterol. Its content decreased under the stress conditions studied in both sterol fractions. The results obtained show that the fractions of tonoplast sterols (FS and ES) are represented not only by ∆5-sterols, which are mainly studied in works devoted to membranology and lipidology of plants, but also by triterpene compounds and other substances with biological activity. The discovered substances may possibly affect the biophysical parameters of the tonoplast and the metabolic processes of the cell in which the vacuolar membrane is involved. The identified compounds actively responded to the toxic effects of Cu2+ ions, which can be considered as one of the mechanisms for protecting the plant cell from stress.
{"title":"Component Composition of Tonoplast Sterol Fractions under Conditions of Stress Caused by Copper Ions","authors":"I. S. Kapustina, E. V. Spiridonova, N. V. Ozolina, A. V. Tretyakova, V. V. Gurina","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606062","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The influence of toxic concentrations of copper ions (100 and 500 μM) on the composition of sterols in the vacuolar membrane of beet roots was studied (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.). As a result of the studies, 12 compounds were identified in the free sterol (FS) fraction and 11 compounds in the sterol ester (ES) fraction. The ES contained compounds that were not found in the FS. Interestingly, the total content of these biologically active compounds increased at 500 µM Cu<sup>2+</sup>. A decrease in such triterpenes as lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3β,18,20-triol, 3,18-diacetate, (20R)-(C<sub>34</sub>N<sub>54</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) was observed in FS and ES. In the FS fraction, the content of the compound 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- increased under stress, while its amount decreased in the ES. It has been established that the total content ∆5-sterols, under normal conditions and under stress, amounted to no more than 33% in the fraction of free sterols and 21% in the fraction of sterol esters. The predominant sterol was β-sitosterol. Its content decreased under the stress conditions studied in both sterol fractions. The results obtained show that the fractions of tonoplast sterols (FS and ES) are represented not only by ∆5-sterols, which are mainly studied in works devoted to membranology and lipidology of plants, but also by triterpene compounds and other substances with biological activity. The discovered substances may possibly affect the biophysical parameters of the tonoplast and the metabolic processes of the cell in which the vacuolar membrane is involved. The identified compounds actively responded to the toxic effects of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, which can be considered as one of the mechanisms for protecting the plant cell from stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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