Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606426
N. E. Manzhalesava, R. P. Litvinovskaya, A. L. Savchuk, D. V. Denisyuk, V. A. Khripach
Abstract
The growth-regulating effect of 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, and ferulic acid was studied at the initial stages of ontogenesis of spring wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) when used separately and together as was their effect on the endogenous balance of phytohormonal steroids and the dynamics of some physiological processes. The compounds and their mixtures were applied by soaking the seeds in solutions of the substances for 24 h. The concentrations of brassinosteroids used for the study (10–7 and 10–9 M) were selected during previous experiments because they showed a stimulating effect on growth processes. Ferulic acid in mixtures and separately was used in equimolar dosages. Plants were grown for 3 weeks in soil culture. Samples (leaves) for analysis were taken on days 7, 14, and 21 from the start of seed treatment with solutions of substances. It was shown that presowing treatment of seeds with brassinosteroids or ferulic acid led to activation of growth functions and an increase in the level of endogenous brassinosteroids, free radical oxidation, and pigments in the leaves. When brassinosteroids and ferulic acid were used together, their effectiveness increased. The study of the differentiated and combined effects of phytohormonal steroids and ferulic acid showed that these compounds exhibit, to a greater or lesser extent, a synergistic interaction in stimulating growth and metabolic processes.
{"title":"Combined Effect of Brassinosteroids and Ferulic Acid on the Initial Growth of Spring Wheat Plants","authors":"N. E. Manzhalesava, R. P. Litvinovskaya, A. L. Savchuk, D. V. Denisyuk, V. A. Khripach","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606426","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The growth-regulating effect of 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, and ferulic acid was studied at the initial stages of ontogenesis of spring wheat plants (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) when used separately and together as was their effect on the endogenous balance of phytohormonal steroids and the dynamics of some physiological processes. The compounds and their mixtures were applied by soaking the seeds in solutions of the substances for 24 h. The concentrations of brassinosteroids used for the study (10<sup>–7</sup> and 10<sup>–9</sup> M) were selected during previous experiments because they showed a stimulating effect on growth processes. Ferulic acid in mixtures and separately was used in equimolar dosages. Plants were grown for 3 weeks in soil culture. Samples (leaves) for analysis were taken on days 7, 14, and 21 from the start of seed treatment with solutions of substances. It was shown that presowing treatment of seeds with brassinosteroids or ferulic acid led to activation of growth functions and an increase in the level of endogenous brassinosteroids, free radical oxidation, and pigments in the leaves. When brassinosteroids and ferulic acid were used together, their effectiveness increased. The study of the differentiated and combined effects of phytohormonal steroids and ferulic acid showed that these compounds exhibit, to a greater or lesser extent, a synergistic interaction in stimulating growth and metabolic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604129
X. Li
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can impact the host’s response to various environmental challenges, including lead (Pb) stress. Consequently, an investigation was set up to evaluate how the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae (F.mosseae; FM) impacts the defense mechanisms in cotton plants subjected to Pb (1000 mg/kg) stress. The Pb treatment resulted in a substantial rise in Pb accumulation in both the roots and leaves. This led to elevated levels of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide in the cotton leaves, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde content, ion leakage, and a reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The alterations were linked to a decline in photosynthetic performance and overall plant growth. Nevertheless, inoculation with the F. mosseae fungus resulted in the enhancement of photosynthetic pigment contents and the upregulation of Rubisco S and Rubisco L subunits, contributing to the protection of photosynthetic processes in stressed plants. Furthermore, this symbiotic fungus, through reducing Pb absorption and inducing increased activity of antioxidant and glyoxalase enzymes, led to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal levels while safeguarding membrane integrity under Pb stress. Plants inoculated with F. mosseae exhibited higher levels of metal-sequestering organic compounds, including glutathione and phytochelatins, in both roots and leaves, indicating their protective role in sequestering Pb from leaf tissues against Pb toxicity. This symbiosis also made photosynthetic organs more resistant to Pb toxicity by changing the metabolism of polyamines and making more spermidine and spermine levels in the leaves. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the symbiotic relationship between F. mosseae and cotton in environments contaminated with lead.
摘要丛生菌根真菌可影响宿主对各种环境挑战的反应，包括铅（Pb）胁迫。因此，我们进行了一项调查，以评估接种Funneliformis mosseae（F. mosseae；FM）如何影响棉花植株在铅（1000 mg/kg）胁迫下的防御机制。铅处理导致根部和叶片中的铅积累量大幅上升。这导致棉花叶片中的甲基乙二醛和过氧化氢水平升高，同时丙二醛含量增加、离子泄漏和光合色素减少。这些变化与光合作用性能和植物整体生长的下降有关。然而，接种 F. mosseae 真菌后，光合色素含量增加，Rubisco S 和 Rubisco L 亚基上调，有助于保护受胁迫植物的光合过程。此外，这种共生真菌通过减少对铅的吸收，提高抗氧化酶和乙二醛酶的活性，降低了过氧化氢和甲基乙二醛的水平，同时保护了铅胁迫下膜的完整性。接种了 F. mosseae 的植物在根部和叶片中都表现出较高水平的金属螯合有机化合物，包括谷胱甘肽和植物螯合素，这表明它们在螯合叶片组织中的铅以防止铅毒性方面发挥了保护作用。这种共生关系还通过改变多胺的代谢，使叶片中的亚精胺和精胺含量增加，从而使光合器官对铅毒性具有更强的抵抗力。我们的研究为修复铅污染环境中 F. mosseae 与棉花之间的共生关系提供了理论基础。
{"title":"The Role of Funneliformis mosseae Symbiosis on Cotton Plants under Lead Toxicity: Molecular and Physiological Aspects","authors":"X. Li","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604129","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can impact the host’s response to various environmental challenges, including lead (Pb) stress. Consequently, an investigation was set up to evaluate how the inoculation of <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (<i>F.</i> <i>mosseae</i>; FM) impacts the defense mechanisms in cotton plants subjected to Pb (1000 mg/kg) stress. The Pb treatment resulted in a substantial rise in Pb accumulation in both the roots and leaves. This led to elevated levels of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide in the cotton leaves, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde content, ion leakage, and a reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The alterations were linked to a decline in photosynthetic performance and overall plant growth. Nevertheless, inoculation with the <i>F. mosseae</i> fungus resulted in the enhancement of photosynthetic pigment contents and the upregulation of <i>Rubisco S</i> and <i>Rubisco L</i> subunits, contributing to the protection of photosynthetic processes in stressed plants. Furthermore, this symbiotic fungus, through reducing Pb absorption and inducing increased activity of antioxidant and glyoxalase enzymes, led to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal levels while safeguarding membrane integrity under Pb stress. Plants inoculated with <i>F. mosseae</i> exhibited higher levels of metal-sequestering organic compounds, including glutathione and phytochelatins, in both roots and leaves, indicating their protective role in sequestering Pb from leaf tissues against Pb toxicity. This symbiosis also made photosynthetic organs more resistant to Pb toxicity by changing the metabolism of polyamines and making more spermidine and spermine levels in the leaves. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the symbiotic relationship between <i>F. mosseae</i> and cotton in environments contaminated with lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604002
Z. Behroshan, H. Zahedi, A. Alipour, Y. Sharghi, A. Zand
Abstract
Amino acids aid plant stress tolerance, but their precise role in soybean drought physiology remains unclear. This study included amino acid spray treatments (cysteine, valine, leucine, commercial mix) as subplots and irrigation levels (optimal, mild, severe stress) as main plots. Under optimal irrigation, amino acid and lysine performed best for Fv/Fm, while cysteine performed best under severe stress. For chlorophyll content, cysteine, valine and lysine performed best with optimal irrigation, with little difference across water stress conditions. Under optimal irrigation, leucine and valine had the highest SOD levels, while leucine, valine and commercial amino acids performed best under mild stress. Cysteine and valine showed higher CAT under severe stress. Leucine had the lowest MDA without stress, while the commercial mix performed best under mild stress. Valine, amino acids and cysteine had the highest proline without stress and under mild stress, while cysteine and lysine performed best under severe stress. Minimal differences occurred without stress, while valine, amino acids and cysteine performed best under stress. In 2020, amino acids and valine had the highest photosynthesis, while cysteine performed best under severe stress. Valine had the highest mesophyll conductance, while cysteine and valine performed well in 2021. Valine had the highest CO2 and stomatal conductance without stress. All treatments showed superior transpiration. Without stress in 2020, cysteine, valine and amino acids had the highest oil yield, while leucine had it in 2021. Modulation of osmolytes like proline and antioxidants such as SOD and CAT helped valine and cysteine protect soybean plants against water stress.
{"title":"Impact of Amino Acid Foliar Applications on Soybean under Optimal and Water-Deficit Conditions: Photosynthesis, Antioxidants, Osmotic Adjustment, and Fatty Acids","authors":"Z. Behroshan, H. Zahedi, A. Alipour, Y. Sharghi, A. Zand","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604002","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Amino acids aid plant stress tolerance, but their precise role in soybean drought physiology remains unclear. This study included amino acid spray treatments (cysteine, valine, leucine, commercial mix) as subplots and irrigation levels (optimal, mild, severe stress) as main plots. Under optimal irrigation, amino acid and lysine performed best for <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>, while cysteine performed best under severe stress. For chlorophyll content, cysteine, valine and lysine performed best with optimal irrigation, with little difference across water stress conditions. Under optimal irrigation, leucine and valine had the highest SOD levels, while leucine, valine and commercial amino acids performed best under mild stress. Cysteine and valine showed higher CAT under severe stress. Leucine had the lowest MDA without stress, while the commercial mix performed best under mild stress. Valine, amino acids and cysteine had the highest proline without stress and under mild stress, while cysteine and lysine performed best under severe stress. Minimal differences occurred without stress, while valine, amino acids and cysteine performed best under stress. In 2020, amino acids and valine had the highest photosynthesis, while cysteine performed best under severe stress. Valine had the highest mesophyll conductance, while cysteine and valine performed well in 2021. Valine had the highest CO<sub>2</sub> and stomatal conductance without stress. All treatments showed superior transpiration. Without stress in 2020, cysteine, valine and amino acids had the highest oil yield, while leucine had it in 2021. Modulation of osmolytes like proline and antioxidants such as SOD and CAT helped valine and cysteine protect soybean plants against water stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s102144372360201x
M. Zhao, T. W. Yang, P. Wu, H. W. He, X. Huang, T. L. Mo, F. Long, Y. Zou
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating disease threatening the production of many agricultural plants, with no effective and radical control measures identified and applied to date. At present, one of the most effective ways to manage the diseases by selecting, breeding, and cultivating banana varieties with very high Fusarium wilt resistance. To this end, this study utilized transcriptome sequencing technology to analyze Fusarium wilt resistance in the root system, leaves, and corms of healthy and diseased Baodaojiao banana (Fusarium wilt resistance variety) plants. The DEGs identified in the roots, leaves, and corms included transcription factors such as bHLH, WRKY, NAC, ERF, the enzymes mannan synthase, alkaline/neutral invertase, galacturonosyltransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase, and other related enzyme genes. Additionally, among the differentially expressed enzyme genes involved in plant defense processes (peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, β-glucosidase, laccase, cellulose synthase, and chitinase), peroxidase was the most abundant. Moreover, most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed at markedly higher levels in healthy plants than in diseased plants, and such peroxidase genes may be significantly associated with plant Fusarium wilt resistance. The results of this study provide the basis for the study of the molecular defense mechanisms of Baodaojiao banana plants against Fusarium wilt; provide reference data for the further exploration of the functions and complex network regulatory mechanisms of Fusarium wilt resistance genes.
{"title":"Analysis of Transcriptome Differences in the Root System, Leaves, and Corms between Healthy and Fusarium Wilt-Diseased Baodaojiao Banana Plants","authors":"M. Zhao, T. W. Yang, P. Wu, H. W. He, X. Huang, T. L. Mo, F. Long, Y. Zou","doi":"10.1134/s102144372360201x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372360201x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating disease threatening the production of many agricultural plants, with no effective and radical control measures identified and applied to date. At present, one of the most effective ways to manage the diseases by selecting, breeding, and cultivating banana varieties with very high Fusarium wilt resistance. To this end, this study utilized transcriptome sequencing technology to analyze Fusarium wilt resistance in the root system, leaves, and corms of healthy and diseased Baodaojiao banana (Fusarium wilt resistance variety) plants. The DEGs identified in the roots, leaves, and corms included transcription factors such as bHLH, WRKY, NAC, ERF, the enzymes mannan synthase, alkaline/neutral invertase, galacturonosyltransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase, and other related enzyme genes. Additionally, among the differentially expressed enzyme genes involved in plant defense processes (peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, β-glucosidase, laccase, cellulose synthase, and chitinase), peroxidase was the most abundant. Moreover, most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed at markedly higher levels in healthy plants than in diseased plants, and such peroxidase genes may be significantly associated with plant Fusarium wilt resistance. The results of this study provide the basis for the study of the molecular defense mechanisms of Baodaojiao banana plants against Fusarium wilt; provide reference data for the further exploration of the functions and complex network regulatory mechanisms of Fusarium wilt resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460404x
B. Baccari, H. Ellouzi, A. Krouma
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological responses of four distinct Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes, Seville (SEV), Aguadulce (AGUA), Tunisian (TUN), and F7, when subjected to phosphorus deficiency, with a particular focus on their responses in terms of growth, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthetic activity, and nutrient efficiency. The results revealed that growing Faba bean in a phosphorus-deficient environment induced a reduction in the plant growth, net photosynthesis, SPAD index, and tissue phosphorus content. Genotypic variations were observed, with TUN demonstrating relative tolerance as compared to the other genotypes, by exhibiting a higher capacity for phosphorus uptake under deficiency conditions, lesser phosphorus deficiency stress index (PDSI), higher phosphorus tolerance index (PDTI), and better phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). The latter are two physiological traits that discriminate the studied genotypes. They can be used for further screening programs. Our research contributes to a broader understanding of how Faba bean plants react to phosphorus deficiency, shedding light on the genetic variations.
{"title":"Genotypic Differences in the Physiological Response of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) to Phosphorus Deficiency","authors":"B. Baccari, H. Ellouzi, A. Krouma","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460404x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460404x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study investigated the physiological responses of four distinct Faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) genotypes, Seville (SEV), Aguadulce (AGUA), Tunisian (TUN), and F7, when subjected to phosphorus deficiency, with a particular focus on their responses in terms of growth, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthetic activity, and nutrient efficiency. The results revealed that growing Faba bean in a phosphorus-deficient environment induced a reduction in the plant growth, net photosynthesis, SPAD index, and tissue phosphorus content. Genotypic variations were observed, with TUN demonstrating relative tolerance as compared to the other genotypes, by exhibiting a higher capacity for phosphorus uptake under deficiency conditions, lesser phosphorus deficiency stress index (PDSI), higher phosphorus tolerance index (PDTI), and better phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). The latter are two physiological traits that discriminate the studied genotypes. They can be used for further screening programs. Our research contributes to a broader understanding of how Faba bean plants react to phosphorus deficiency, shedding light on the genetic variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605767
Y. V. Ivanov, A. V. Kartashov, A. I. Ivanova
Abstract
Determining the nutrient composition of woody plant roots is an important tool for studying the physiological response of trees to various environmental factors. Considering the complexity and labor intensity of collecting the roots of woody plants, especially coniferous plants, it is of particular importance to use a suitable method for the desorption of excess nutrients from the root surface to avoid the overestimation of nutrient content within the roots. In the present study, various methods for sample preparation of the roots of both Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings grown in hydroculture with different aeration regimes and saplings grown in soil substrates were investigated to determine the contents of magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc and copper. The possibility of using root samples frozen in liquid nitrogen was also investigated. The effectiveness of different desorbing agents such as Na2-EDTA, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, CaCl2 and MES-Tris for nutrient removal from the root surface, as well as the duration of incubation, were studied. It was shown that desorption of nutrients from roots using EDTA is the preferred method when working with soil-grown roots. In the absence of iron-manganese plaques on the root surface, treatment of roots with DCB should not exceed 5-10 minutes to avoid ion leakage from root cells. If it is not possible to use any extraction methods, it is sufficient to mechanically remove the remaining soil particles from roots, rinse the roots with water and dry. However, this sample preparation method is not suitable for determining the iron content in roots.
{"title":"Selection of Suitable Methods for Sample Preparation and Desorbing Agents for Determination of Nutrient Contents in Scots Pine Roots","authors":"Y. V. Ivanov, A. V. Kartashov, A. I. Ivanova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605767","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Determining the nutrient composition of woody plant roots is an important tool for studying the physiological response of trees to various environmental factors. Considering the complexity and labor intensity of collecting the roots of woody plants, especially coniferous plants, it is of particular importance to use a suitable method for the desorption of excess nutrients from the root surface to avoid the overestimation of nutrient content within the roots. In the present study, various methods for sample preparation of the roots of both Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) seedlings grown in hydroculture with different aeration regimes and saplings grown in soil substrates were investigated to determine the contents of magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc and copper. The possibility of using root samples frozen in liquid nitrogen was also investigated. The effectiveness of different desorbing agents such as Na<sub>2</sub>-EDTA, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and MES-Tris for nutrient removal from the root surface, as well as the duration of incubation, were studied. It was shown that desorption of nutrients from roots using EDTA is the preferred method when working with soil-grown roots. In the absence of iron-manganese plaques on the root surface, treatment of roots with DCB should not exceed 5-10 minutes to avoid ion leakage from root cells. If it is not possible to use any extraction methods, it is sufficient to mechanically remove the remaining soil particles from roots, rinse the roots with water and dry. However, this sample preparation method is not suitable for determining the iron content in roots.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604907
S. Tarkesh Esfahani, F. Pourgholamian, A. Tabandeh Saravi
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum L.) is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family that its role in the treatment of various diseases is known since ancient time. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on some physiological and biochemical properties of the oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) medicinal plant. An experiment in the form of a two-factor factorial completely randomized design were performed. The elicitor concentration at 4 levels (zero, 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mM) and the exposure time after applying the MeJA treatment at 4 levels (zero, 24, 48 and 96 h) were considered as the main factors. The highest contents of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) were seen in two treatment combinations of 0.0 mM MeJA, 48 h and 0.5 mM MeJA, 24 h. While, the highest level of Peroxidase (POX) activity was obtained in two treatments of 2.5 mM and 0.5 mM MeJA. The 2.5 mM concentration resulted in higher concentration of antioxidant enzymes up to 96 h after the treatment. Generally, the foliar spraying of MeJA caused an increased amount of Chl a, proline, antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX). But the MeJA concentration and post-treatment time showed no significant effect on the content of total soluble protein (TSP), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (CAR). The results of this research can be useful in botanical, biological, agricultural biotechnology and medicinal studies on Origanum and other medicinal plants.
摘要 牛至（Origanum L.）是一种唇形科药用植物，其治疗各种疾病的作用自古以来众所周知。本研究旨在评估茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对牛至（Origanum vulgare L.）药用植物某些生理生化特性的影响。实验采用双因子完全随机设计。实验以 4 个浓度水平（0、0.1、0.5 和 2.5 mM）的诱导剂和 4 个浓度水平（0、24、48 和 96 h）的 MeJA 处理后暴露时间为主要因素。叶绿素 a（Chl a）含量最高的是 0.0 mM MeJA、48 h 和 0.5 mM MeJA、24 h 这两种处理组合。2.5 mM 的浓度使处理后 96 小时内的抗氧化酶浓度更高。一般来说，叶面喷施 MeJA 会导致 Chl a、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶（包括抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO) 和过氧化物酶 (POX) 的含量增加。但 MeJA 浓度和后处理时间对总可溶性蛋白（TSP）、叶绿素 b（Chl b）和类胡萝卜素（CAR）的含量没有显著影响。该研究成果可用于牛至及其他药用植物的植物学、生物学、农业生物技术和药用研究。
{"title":"Time and Concentration Dependent Changes in Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacity of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Response to Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate","authors":"S. Tarkesh Esfahani, F. Pourgholamian, A. Tabandeh Saravi","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604907","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Oregano (<i>Origanum</i> L.) is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family that its role in the treatment of various diseases is known since ancient time. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on some physiological and biochemical properties of the oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare</i> L.) medicinal plant. An experiment in the form of a two-factor factorial completely randomized design were performed. The elicitor concentration at 4 levels (zero, 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mM) and the exposure time after applying the MeJA treatment at 4 levels (zero, 24, 48 and 96 h) were considered as the main factors. The highest contents of Chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>) were seen in two treatment combinations of 0.0 mM MeJA, 48 h and 0.5 mM MeJA, 24 h. While, the highest level of Peroxidase (POX) activity was obtained in two treatments of 2.5 mM and 0.5 mM MeJA. The 2.5 mM concentration resulted in higher concentration of antioxidant enzymes up to 96 h after the treatment. Generally, the foliar spraying of MeJA caused an increased amount of Chl <i>a</i>, proline, antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX). But the MeJA concentration and post-treatment time showed no significant effect on the content of total soluble protein (TSP), chlorophyll <i>b</i> (Chl <i>b</i>) and carotenoids (CAR). The results of this research can be useful in botanical, biological, agricultural biotechnology and medicinal studies on <i>Origanum</i> and other medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603811
H. Cao, A. Ghorbanpour, A. Ghorbani, M. Zargar, S. M. Razavi
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a hazardous metal, is widely found in industrial and agricultural wastewater, as well as in pesticides. Silicon (Si) can be crucial in mitigating As toxicity. This research aimed to investigate 0.5 and 1 mM Si treatments on Calendulaofficinalis under As toxicity (25 and 50 µM). As treatments significantly reduced growth characteristics, photosynthesis (Fv/Fm and photosynthetic pigments), and the accumulation of some essential elements (N, Ca, P, Zn, K, Mn, and Fe), while increasing the levels of H2O2, ({text{O}}_{2}^{ - }), and MG. Contrarily, the external application of Si to C. officinalis L. restricted As accumulation, leading to less oxidative damage and better accumulation of elements and photosynthesis. Additionally, the levels of sulfur-containing compounds (GSH, NPTs, PCs, and cysteine) increased, along with enhanced Gly I and Gly II activities and antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, GR, and APX), leading to a notable drop in free toxic radicals and lipid peroxidation in As-stressed plants. Furthermore, Si supplementation regulated the thiol metabolism enzyme glutathione-S-transferase and improved cysteine synthesis by increasing the activities of serine acetyltransferase, cysteine synthase (CS), and adenylyl sulfate reductase. Therefore, this study showcases the significant contribution of Si in promoting growth, facilitating photosynthesis, and fostering As tolerance through various pathways, such as enhancing antioxidant activities, the glyoxalase system, non-enzymatic and enzymatic sulfur metabolism, reducing As uptake, and increasing the accumulation of essential elements.
摘要砷（As）是一种有害金属，广泛存在于工业和农业废水以及农药中。硅（Si）对减轻砷的毒性至关重要。本研究旨在调查 0.5 和 1 mM 硅处理对金盏花在砷毒性（25 和 50 µM）条件下的影响。As处理明显降低了金盏花的生长特性、光合作用（Fv/Fm和光合色素）以及一些必需元素（N、Ca、P、Zn、K、Mn和Fe）的积累，同时增加了H2O2、({text{O}}_{2}^{ - }) 和MG的水平。相反，外部施用 Si 限制了 As 的积累，从而减少了氧化损伤，提高了元素积累和光合作用。此外，含硫化合物（GSH、NPTs、PCs 和半胱氨酸）的含量增加了，Gly I 和 Gly II 的活性以及抗氧化活性（CAT、SOD、GR 和 APX）也增强了，从而导致 As 胁迫植物体内的自由毒性自由基和脂质过氧化显著下降。此外，补充 Si 还能调节硫醇代谢酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶，并通过提高丝氨酸乙酰转移酶、半胱氨酸合成酶（CS）和腺苷酸硫酸还原酶的活性来改善半胱氨酸的合成。因此，本研究通过提高抗氧化活性、乙醛化酶系统、非酶和酶硫代谢、减少砷吸收和增加必需元素积累等多种途径，展示了 Si 在促进生长、促进光合作用和提高砷耐受性方面的重要作用。
{"title":"The Impact of Silicon on the Morphological and Physio-Chemical Characteristics of Calendula officinalis Exposed to Arsenic-Induced Toxicity","authors":"H. Cao, A. Ghorbanpour, A. Ghorbani, M. Zargar, S. M. Razavi","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724603811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724603811","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Arsenic (As), a hazardous metal, is widely found in industrial and agricultural wastewater, as well as in pesticides. Silicon (Si) can be crucial in mitigating As toxicity. This research aimed to investigate 0.5 and 1 mM Si treatments on <i>Calendula</i> <i>officinalis</i> under As toxicity (25 and 50 µM). As treatments significantly reduced growth characteristics, photosynthesis (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub> and photosynthetic pigments), and the accumulation of some essential elements (N, Ca, P, Zn, K, Mn, and Fe), while increasing the levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{ - })</span>, and MG. Contrarily, the external application of Si to <i>C. officinalis</i> L. restricted As accumulation, leading to less oxidative damage and better accumulation of elements and photosynthesis. Additionally, the levels of sulfur-containing compounds (GSH, NPTs, PCs, and cysteine) increased, along with enhanced Gly I and Gly II activities and antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, GR, and APX), leading to a notable drop in free toxic radicals and lipid peroxidation in As-stressed plants. Furthermore, Si supplementation regulated the thiol metabolism enzyme glutathione-S-transferase and improved cysteine synthesis by increasing the activities of serine acetyltransferase, cysteine synthase (CS), and adenylyl sulfate reductase. Therefore, this study showcases the significant contribution of Si in promoting growth, facilitating photosynthesis, and fostering As tolerance through various pathways, such as enhancing antioxidant activities, the glyoxalase system, non-enzymatic and enzymatic sulfur metabolism, reducing As uptake, and increasing the accumulation of essential elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604488
J. J. Hu, H. Song, Z. H. Cao, Q. L. Shu, B. X. Han
Abstract
To investigate the gene expression and metabolic pathways involved in flower development at different growth stages of Camellia oleifera, this study focused on leaves collected during the juvenile stage, initial fruiting stage, and peak fruiting stage of the ‘Dabieshan 1’ C. oleifera variety. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to obtain the transcriptome data of leaf samples during the pre-flowering period. The annotated genes included key regulators of flower development pathways, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), SUPPRESSOR OVEREXPRESSION CONSTANS 2 (SOC2), as well as genes involved in the photoperiod pathway, including CYCLING DOF FACTOR 2 (CDF2), CYCLING DOF FACTOR 3 (CDF3), and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). Specifically, 7 UniGene sequences of the CDF2 gene, 3 UniGene sequences of the CDF3 gene, and 3 UniGene sequences of the LHY gene were identified, highlighting their important roles in flower development regulation in C. oleifera. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated enrichment in various biological processes related to carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis, and environmental response, while differentially expressed genes in the molecular function category were associated with degradation activities. In terms of cellular components, the differentially expressed genes were enriched in ribosome and plasma membranes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment in multiple metabolic pathways, biosynthesis, and degradation across the three developmental stages of C. oleifera leaves. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation into the energy metabolism involved in the regulation of flower development in C. oleifera.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome at Different Growth and Development Stages of Camellia oleifera","authors":"J. J. Hu, H. Song, Z. H. Cao, Q. L. Shu, B. X. Han","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604488","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To investigate the gene expression and metabolic pathways involved in flower development at different growth stages of <i>Camellia oleifera</i>, this study focused on leaves collected during the juvenile stage, initial fruiting stage, and peak fruiting stage of the ‘Dabieshan 1’ <i>C. oleifera</i> variety. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to obtain the transcriptome data of leaf samples during the pre-flowering period. The annotated genes included key regulators of flower development pathways, such as <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC)</i>, <i>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1</i> (<i>SOC1)</i>, <i>SUPPRESSOR OVEREXPRESSION CONSTANS 2</i> (<i>SOC2)</i>, as well as genes involved in the photoperiod pathway, including <i>CYCLING DOF FACTOR 2</i> (<i>CDF2)</i>, <i>CYCLING DOF FACTOR 3</i> (<i>CDF3)</i>, and <i>LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL</i> (<i>LHY)</i>. Specifically, 7 UniGene sequences of the <i>CDF2</i> gene, 3 UniGene sequences of the <i>CDF3</i> gene, and 3 UniGene sequences of the <i>LHY</i> gene were identified, highlighting their important roles in flower development regulation in <i>C. oleifera</i>. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated enrichment in various biological processes related to carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis, and environmental response, while differentially expressed genes in the molecular function category were associated with degradation activities. In terms of cellular components, the differentially expressed genes were enriched in ribosome and plasma membranes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment in multiple metabolic pathways, biosynthesis, and degradation across the three developmental stages of <i>C. oleifera</i> leaves. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation into the energy metabolism involved in the regulation of flower development in <i>C. oleifera</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605044
K. Hu, S.-Z. Liu, Z.-R. Wu, J.-J. Qin, E. Shawky, J.-K. Tian, W. Zhu, H. Ye
Abstract
Mulberry is an important industrial crop and medicinal plant with a history of thousands of years. Glycosylation catalysed by glycosyltransferase (GT) is one of the most important modification reactions necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis in plant cellular processes and is often involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Mulberry contains a large number of active glycosylated products, especially flavonoids and stilbenes, while their biosynthesis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, a total of 121 GT encoding genes were identified in the genome of Morusalba L., and their gene structures, chromosomal locations, and expression levels were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that MaUGT89AS1 might recognize the 7-OH site of flavonoid substrates. In vitro enzymatic activity analysis showed that MaUGT89AS1 was able to glycosylate kaempferol at both 7-OH and 3-OH to form kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, it had glycosylation activity towards 7-OH of other flavonoids such as quercetin. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of MaUGT89AS1 were 40°C and 8.0, respectively. Molecular docking elucidated the binding conformations and interactions for MaUGT89AS1 to recognize different glycosylation sites. Site-directed mutagenesis proved the essential role of His16 and Asp119 catalytic dichotomies in glycosylation reaction. This work will provide molecular resources for heterologous synthesis of flavonoid glycoside compounds with important medicinal activities.
{"title":"Genome-Wide Characterization of the Glycosyltransferase Family in Morus alba L. and Functional Characterization of the Flavonoid-Specific MaUGT89AS1","authors":"K. Hu, S.-Z. Liu, Z.-R. Wu, J.-J. Qin, E. Shawky, J.-K. Tian, W. Zhu, H. Ye","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605044","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mulberry is an important industrial crop and medicinal plant with a history of thousands of years. Glycosylation catalysed by glycosyltransferase (GT) is one of the most important modification reactions necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis in plant cellular processes and is often involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Mulberry contains a large number of active glycosylated products, especially flavonoids and stilbenes, while their biosynthesis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, a total of 121 GT encoding genes were identified in the genome of <i>Morus</i> <i>alba</i> L., and their gene structures, chromosomal locations, and expression levels were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that MaUGT89AS1 might recognize the 7-OH site of flavonoid substrates. In vitro enzymatic activity analysis showed that MaUGT89AS1 was able to glycosylate kaempferol at both 7-OH and 3-OH to form kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, it had glycosylation activity towards 7-OH of other flavonoids such as quercetin. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of MaUGT89AS1 were 40°C and 8.0, respectively. Molecular docking elucidated the binding conformations and interactions for MaUGT89AS1 to recognize different glycosylation sites. Site-directed mutagenesis proved the essential role of His16 and Asp119 catalytic dichotomies in glycosylation reaction. This work will provide molecular resources for heterologous synthesis of flavonoid glycoside compounds with important medicinal activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号