Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604580
N. V. Petrova, A. R. Aglyamova, N. E. Mokshina, T. A. Gorshkova
Abstract
Lectins are a group of proteins that are widespread in all kingdoms of living nature, but plants are the undisputed “champions” in terms of the abundance and diversity of lectins. The fundamental property of reversibly binding to specific carbohydrates makes lectins important participants in the “glycocode” system, which has a special functional significance for plants with their incredible carbohydrate diversity. The structural diversity of lectins underlies their numerous functions, including signaling associated with growth and development as well as plant responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. The review presents a retrospective of the development of plant lectinology and last data about the classification of plant lectins, their localization, and known and potential functions.
{"title":"Current State of Plant Lectinology","authors":"N. V. Petrova, A. R. Aglyamova, N. E. Mokshina, T. A. Gorshkova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604580","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Lectins are a group of proteins that are widespread in all kingdoms of living nature, but plants are the undisputed “champions” in terms of the abundance and diversity of lectins. The fundamental property of reversibly binding to specific carbohydrates makes lectins important participants in the “glycocode” system, which has a special functional significance for plants with their incredible carbohydrate diversity. The structural diversity of lectins underlies their numerous functions, including signaling associated with growth and development as well as plant responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. The review presents a retrospective of the development of plant lectinology and last data about the classification of plant lectins, their localization, and known and potential functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603427
W. He, Q. Chai, C. Zhao, W. Yin, H. Fan, A. Yu, Z. Fan, F. Hu, Y. Sun, F. Wang
Abstract
Light is essential for plant growth, although excessive light radiation may have negative effects on many plants, including soybeans. This study examined the influence of white (W), red (R), blue (B), and ultraviolet (UV-A) light on the key enzymes of Calvin cycle, key antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites, and also microbial and fungal communities of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr. To achieve this, fully expanded soybean leaves of 45-day-old plants were maintained in vitro for 7 days W, red R, blue B, or UV-A light. Soybean leaves under B treatment had enhanced Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) activities that improved photosynthesis and starch accumulation, compared to the W, R, and UV-A treatments. There were significant increases for B treatment in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), and a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. B treatment led to enrichment of secondary metabolites, such as phenols and flavonoids. Soybean leaves under R treatment had more plant growth-promoting bacteria than with B treatment. The relative abundances of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungi under B treatment were lower to avoid decomposition of substances than with the R and UV-A treatment. In summary, blue light improved soybean leaf growth and antioxidant capacity compared to red light. The wavelengths of B and UV-A are very close, although UV-A still reduced soybean leaf growth and accelerated leaf senescence.
摘要 光照是植物生长所必需的，但过量的光辐射可能会对包括大豆在内的许多植物产生负面影响。本研究考察了白光（W）、红光（R）、蓝光（B）和紫外线（UV-A）对大豆植株（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）卡尔文循环关键酶、关键抗氧化酶和次生代谢物以及微生物和真菌群落的影响。为此，将 45 天植株完全膨大的大豆叶片在离体条件下进行 7 天的 W 光、红 R 光、蓝 B 光或 UV-A 光处理。与 W、R 和 UV-A 处理相比，B 处理下的大豆叶片核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶（Rubisco）、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶（FBPase）、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（GAPDH）和果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶（FBA）活性增强，从而改善了光合作用和淀粉积累。在 B 处理中，过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性明显提高，丙二醛（MDA）含量降低。B 处理富集了次生代谢物，如酚类和类黄酮。与 B 处理相比，R 处理下的大豆叶片含有更多促进植物生长的细菌。与 R 和 UV-A 处理相比，B 处理下的 Basidiomycota 和 Ascomycota 真菌的相对丰度较低，以避免物质分解。总之，与红光相比，蓝光改善了大豆叶片的生长和抗氧化能力。B 和 UV-A 的波长非常接近，但 UV-A 仍会降低大豆叶片的生长并加速叶片衰老。
{"title":"Influence of Light of Different Narrowband Light on the Key of Calvin Cycle and Antioxidant Enzyme, Secondary Metabolites and Microbial Communities in Soybeans","authors":"W. He, Q. Chai, C. Zhao, W. Yin, H. Fan, A. Yu, Z. Fan, F. Hu, Y. Sun, F. Wang","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603427","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Light is essential for plant growth, although excessive light radiation may have negative effects on many plants, including soybeans. This study examined the influence of white (W), red (R), blue (B), and ultraviolet (UV-A) light on the key enzymes of Calvin cycle, key antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites, and also microbial and fungal communities of soybean plants (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. To achieve this, fully expanded soybean leaves of 45-day-old plants were maintained in vitro for 7 days W, red R, blue B, or UV-A light. Soybean leaves under B treatment had enhanced Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) activities that improved photosynthesis and starch accumulation, compared to the W, R, and UV-A treatments. There were significant increases for B treatment in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), and a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. B treatment led to enrichment of secondary metabolites, such as phenols and flavonoids. Soybean leaves under R treatment had more plant growth-promoting bacteria than with B treatment. The relative abundances of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungi under B treatment were lower to avoid decomposition of substances than with the R and UV-A treatment. In summary, blue light improved soybean leaf growth and antioxidant capacity compared to red light. The wavelengths of B and UV-A are very close, although UV-A still reduced soybean leaf growth and accelerated leaf senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604051
D. E. Khramov, O. I. Nedelyaeva, Y. V. Balnokin
Abstract
The coding sequence of EhNPF6.3, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene AtNPF6.3 (NRT1.1/CHL1), was cloned from the halophyte Eutrema halophilum (C.A.Mey.) O.E.Schulz /Thellungiella halophila. Expression of EhNPF6.3 in cells of a yeast Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha mutant strain for YNT1, the gene of the only nitrate transporter in this organism, restored nitrate uptake by the mutant cells and their ability to growth in selective media containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Examination of nitrate ion uptake from the culture media by cells of O. polymorpha (Morais & M.H. Maia) Y. Yamada, K. Maeda and Mikata strains of wild-type, the Δynt1 knockout mutant, and the knockout mutant expressing EhNPF6.3, using a nitrate-selective electrode, showed that the rate of nitrate uptake by the halophyte transporter, EhNPF6.3, was comparable to that by the endogenous yeast nitrate transporter, YNT1. The results obtained indicate that the protein cloned from the halophyte E. halophilum, EhNPF6.3, is an ortholog of the dual-affinity nitrate transporter and, most likely, plays an important role in nitrate uptake and nitrate distribution among organs and tissues in E. halophilum plants.
{"title":"NPF (NRT1) Family Nitrate Transporter EhNPF6.3, an Ortholog of AtNPF6.3, from the Halophyte Eutrema halophilum (C.A.Mey.) O.E.Schulz: Cloning and Functional Analysis","authors":"D. E. Khramov, O. I. Nedelyaeva, Y. V. Balnokin","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604051","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The coding sequence of <i>EhNPF6.3</i>, a homolog of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene <i>AtNPF6.3</i> (<i>NRT1.1</i>/<i>CHL1</i>), was cloned from the halophyte <i>Eutrema halophilum</i> (C.A.Mey.) O.E.Schulz <b><i>/</i></b> <i>Thellungiella halophila</i>. Expression of <i>EhNPF6.3</i> in cells of a yeast <i>Ogataea</i> (<i>Hansenula</i>) <i>polymorpha</i> mutant strain for <i>YNT1</i>, the gene of the only nitrate transporter in this organism, restored nitrate uptake by the mutant cells and their ability to growth in selective media containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Examination of nitrate ion uptake from the culture media by cells of <i>O. polymorpha</i> (Morais & M.H. Maia) Y. Yamada, K. Maeda and Mikata strains of wild-type, the Δ<i>ynt1</i> knockout mutant, and the knockout mutant expressing <i>EhNPF6.3</i>, using a nitrate-selective electrode, showed that the rate of nitrate uptake by the halophyte transporter, EhNPF6.3, was comparable to that by the endogenous yeast nitrate transporter, YNT1. The results obtained indicate that the protein cloned from the halophyte <i>E. halophilum</i>, EhNPF6.3, is an ortholog of the dual-affinity nitrate transporter and, most likely, plays an important role in nitrate uptake and nitrate distribution among organs and tissues in <i>E. halophilum</i> plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603987
S. Sreedevi, K. G. Ajith Kumar, V. V. Amritha, Sneha John
Abstract
Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. is a tropical, endemic, keystone tree species of the Western Ghats commercially utilized for its valuable timber. The seeds are reported to be recalcitrant, but its exact physiology and the hormonal changes during development and germination has not been well studied. The present study was intended to understand the hormonal dynamics and their interaction to get an idea about the up and down regulation during seed development and germination. Fifteen hormones were simultaneously analyzed using LC MS/MS technique. Our results showed that during histodifferentiation IAA, GA4, cytokinins (tZ and tZR), JA and 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) were found in higher levels, but during seed expansion all these plant hormones began to decrease. However salicylic acid and cis jasmone were found elevated during germination. Like other recalcitrant seeds ABA was found in higher level during early embryogeny but declined sharply in the later embryogeny and germination. JA showed strong positive correlation with IAA (0.997**), ABA (0.955*), tZ (0.997**) and tZR (0.975*) possibly acts as an inducer of all these hormones, but no significant relationship with other hormones. However SA, which was found in extremely higher level during development and germination, did not show any significant relationship with other hormones, possibly functioning in defense mechanism. 24-epiBL was found in significant level, but showed insignificant relationship with hormones. Natural desiccation had a negative impact on the synthesis/accumulation of PGRs. Electrical conductivity studies revealed that cell membrane damage of the embryonic tissue was responsible for the loss of viability of these recalcitrant seeds.
{"title":"Influence of Jasmonates, Salicylic Acid and 24-Epibrassinolide on Other Plant Growth Regulators during Development and Germination in the Recalcitrant Seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.","authors":"S. Sreedevi, K. G. Ajith Kumar, V. V. Amritha, Sneha John","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724603987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724603987","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Artocarpus hirsutus</i> Lam. is a tropical, endemic, keystone tree species of the Western Ghats commercially utilized for its valuable timber. The seeds are reported to be recalcitrant, but its exact physiology and the hormonal changes during development and germination has not been well studied. The present study was intended to understand the hormonal dynamics and their interaction to get an idea about the up and down regulation during seed development and germination. Fifteen hormones were simultaneously analyzed using LC MS/MS technique. Our results showed that during histodifferentiation IAA, GA<sub>4</sub>, cytokinins (<i>t</i>Z and <i>t</i>ZR), JA and 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) were found in higher levels, but during seed expansion all these plant hormones began to decrease. However salicylic acid and cis jasmone were found elevated during germination. Like other recalcitrant seeds ABA was found in higher level during early embryogeny but declined sharply in the later embryogeny and germination. JA showed strong positive correlation with IAA (0.997<b>**</b>), ABA (0.955<b>*</b>), <i>t</i>Z (0.997<b>**</b>) and <i>t</i>ZR (0.975<b>*</b>) possibly acts as an inducer of all these hormones, but no significant relationship with other hormones. However SA, which was found in extremely higher level during development and germination, did not show any significant relationship with other hormones, possibly functioning in defense mechanism. 24-epiBL was found in significant level, but showed insignificant relationship with hormones. Natural desiccation had a negative impact on the synthesis/accumulation of PGRs. Electrical conductivity studies revealed that cell membrane damage of the embryonic tissue was responsible for the loss of viability of these recalcitrant seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603914
M. Norouzi, F. Sanjarian, S. Shahbazi
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of different doses (0, 1, 3, and 5 Gy) of gamma radiation on antioxidant mechanisms and thymol biosynthesis in Thymus vulgaris. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited dose-dependent increases, indicating oxidative damage and a time-dependent progression of stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were triggered in response, accompanied by time-dependent variations in peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. Biochemical analyses revealed enhanced total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anthocyanin levels at 1 Gy. Additionally, the effect of radiation on the expression of pivotal genes in the biosynthesis pathway of thymol, such as DXR, TvTPS, and CYP71D178, was investigated. Gamma irradiation significantly up-regulated DXR transcription at higher doses, while TvTPS and CYP71D178 transcription peaked at 1 Gy. Thymol emerged as the predominant compound in the essential oil composition, experiencing a significant increase at 1 Gy, thus illustrating a hormetic response. This study provides scientific insights into the hormesis effects of gamma irradiation on antioxidant responses and thymol biosynthesis in Thymus vulgaris, contributing to a better understanding of the complicated biochemical processes involved in plant adaptation to radiation stress.
{"title":"Hormetic Effects of Low Dose Gamma Irradiation on Antioxidant Defense System and Thymol Biosynthesis in Thyme Plants","authors":"M. Norouzi, F. Sanjarian, S. Shahbazi","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724603914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724603914","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study investigated the impact of different doses (0, 1, 3, and 5 Gy) of gamma radiation on antioxidant mechanisms and thymol biosynthesis in <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited dose-dependent increases, indicating oxidative damage and a time-dependent progression of stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were triggered in response, accompanied by time-dependent variations in peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. Biochemical analyses revealed enhanced total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anthocyanin levels at 1 Gy. Additionally, the effect of radiation on the expression of pivotal genes in the biosynthesis pathway of thymol, such as <i>DXR, TvTPS</i>, and <i>CYP71D178</i>, was investigated. Gamma irradiation significantly up-regulated <i>DXR</i> transcription at higher doses, while <i>TvTPS</i> and <i>CYP71D178</i> transcription peaked at 1 Gy. Thymol emerged as the predominant compound in the essential oil composition, experiencing a significant increase at 1 Gy, thus illustrating a hormetic response. This study provides scientific insights into the hormesis effects of gamma irradiation on antioxidant responses and thymol biosynthesis in <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>, contributing to a better understanding of the complicated biochemical processes involved in plant adaptation to radiation stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723602938
R. Seyed Sharifi, R. Khalilzadeh, S. Dadashzadeh
Abstract
The use of biological systems and nano-micronutrients are gaining increased attention since they are more ecofriendly on plant growth under water stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of yield, physiological, and chemical characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water deficit, biofertilizers and iron Nano-oxide in the field condition. Treatments were included biofertilizers [application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), PGPR + AM-fungi and not application as control]; nutrition with nano-iron oxide (control, application of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/L) and irrigation levels [normal irrigation, moderate and severe water limitation]. The results showed that water limitation caused a decrease in SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), Fv/Fm, relative water content, and grain yield of barley, whereas electrical conductivity, proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities increased. Combined interactions between 0.9 g/L nano-Fe oxide with AM-fungi + PGPR ameliorated adverse effects by enhancing RWC and proline, which might result from of lower electrical conductivity. The highest proline was detected in plants exposed to the highest nano-Fe oxide and mycorrhiza + Azospirillum application, at all irrigation levels. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities increased by 44.7, 105.3, and 107.5% in plants treated with mycorrhiza and PGPR under severe water limitation. Iron deficiency induced several changes in catalase and peroxidase enzymes and reduced their activities under water deficit. In severe water-stressed plants, the application of AM-fungi and PGPR caused an increase in grain yield by 10.35%. Spraying of 0.9 g/L nano-Fe oxide and application of mycorrhiza + Azospirillum could be suitable for barley growth and production in semi-arid areas.
{"title":"Effect of Biofertilizer and Nano-Fe Oxide Foliar Application on Alleviation of Water Deficit in Yield and Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Barley","authors":"R. Seyed Sharifi, R. Khalilzadeh, S. Dadashzadeh","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723602938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723602938","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The use of biological systems and nano-micronutrients are gaining increased attention since they are more ecofriendly on plant growth under water stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of yield, physiological, and chemical characteristics of barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) to water deficit, biofertilizers and iron Nano-oxide in the field condition. Treatments were included biofertilizers [application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), PGPR + AM-fungi and not application as control]; nutrition with nano-iron oxide (control, application of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/L) and irrigation levels [normal irrigation, moderate and severe water limitation]. The results showed that water limitation caused a decrease in SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>, relative water content, and grain yield of barley, whereas electrical conductivity, proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities increased. Combined interactions between 0.9 g/L nano-Fe oxide with AM-fungi + PGPR ameliorated adverse effects by enhancing RWC and proline, which might result from of lower electrical conductivity. The highest proline was detected in plants exposed to the highest nano-Fe oxide and mycorrhiza <i>+ Azospirillum</i> application, at all irrigation levels. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities increased by 44.7, 105.3, and 107.5% in plants treated with mycorrhiza and PGPR under severe water limitation. Iron deficiency induced several changes in catalase and peroxidase enzymes and reduced their activities under water deficit. In severe water-stressed plants, the application of AM-fungi and PGPR caused an increase in grain yield by 10.35%. Spraying of 0.9 g/L nano-Fe oxide and application of mycorrhiza <i>+ Azospirillum</i> could be suitable for barley growth and production in semi-arid areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604956
S. G. Vasilieva, E. V. Petrova, E. S. Lobakova, A. E. Solovchenko, T. K. Antal, O. A. Gorelova
Abstract
Photogeneration of hydrogen in microalgae is thought to be among the mechanisms increasing their resilience to stresses including those caused by nutrient deprivation by re-routing the flow of electrons and reducing power in the cell. Metabolism of phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient, and its reserve forms such as polyphosphate (PolyP), is affected by and plays a role in the responses to diverse stresses, too. However, the potential interplay of the capability of photogeneration of hydrogen and turnover of phosphorus-rich inclusions in stressed microalgae cells so far escaped the attention of researchers. Here, we present a quantitative ultrastructural view of the turnover of P-rich inclusions in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains, the parent strain CC-425 and its hydEF-1 mutant lacking hydrogenase activity as a function of sulfur and oxygen availability in the medium. In addition to the electron microscopy cell image analysis of the studied strains, we followed the elemental composition of the inclusions in different (sub) compartments of the cells obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The stress caused by sulfur deprivation and subsequent transition of the microalgae culture to anaerobic conditions declined the size of phosphorus-containing inclusions but increased their number in the parent strain. Overall, the accumulation of the phosphorus-rich inclusions in hydEF-1 mutant was much lower than in the fully functional parent strain regardless of the cultivation conditions. We believe that impaired hydrogenase activity and correspondingly reduced sink of electrons and reducing power in the mutant strain indirectly affects the turnover of P and its reserves in the cell. These effects were manifested by the changes in the abundance, morphology, and elemental composition of the P-containing inclusions. We hypothesized that the sulfur-deprivation stress increased the initiation of the biosynthesis of PolyP chains, but their elongation and hence the formation of large PolyP-containing inclusions was hindered by anaerobiosis.
摘要 微藻类中的光生氢被认为是通过改变电子流的路线和减少细胞中的能量来提高其对压力（包括营养匮乏引起的压力）的复原力的机制之一。磷（P）是一种必需的营养物质，其代谢及其储备形式（如多聚磷酸盐（PolyP））也受到各种压力的影响，并在对各种压力的反应中发挥作用。然而，应激微藻细胞中光生成氢的能力与富含磷的内含物的周转之间的潜在相互作用至今未引起研究人员的注意。在此，我们从超微结构的角度定量研究了模式微藻衣藻（Clamydomonas reinhardtii）菌株、亲本菌株 CC-425 及其缺乏氢酶活性的 hydEF-1 突变体中富磷内含物的周转与培养基中硫和氧的可用性之间的关系。除了对所研究的菌株进行电子显微镜细胞图像分析外，我们还利用能量色散 X 射线光谱对细胞内不同（子）区块的内含物元素组成进行了跟踪研究。缺硫造成的压力以及随后微藻培养过渡到厌氧条件降低了含磷内含物的大小，但增加了亲本菌株中含磷内含物的数量。总的来说，无论在什么培养条件下，hydEF-1 突变体中富磷内含物的积累都远远低于完全正常的亲本菌株。我们认为，突变株氢化酶活性受损，电子汇和还原力相应降低，间接影响了细胞中磷的周转及其储备。这些影响表现在含 P 包涵体的丰度、形态和元素组成的变化上。我们推测，缺硫胁迫增加了PolyP链的生物合成启动，但其伸长以及大型含PolyP包涵体的形成受到了无氧状态的阻碍。
{"title":"Effect of Hydrogenase Deficiency on Accumulation of Phosphorus-Rich Inclusions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"S. G. Vasilieva, E. V. Petrova, E. S. Lobakova, A. E. Solovchenko, T. K. Antal, O. A. Gorelova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604956","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Photogeneration of hydrogen in microalgae is thought to be among the mechanisms increasing their resilience to stresses including those caused by nutrient deprivation by re-routing the flow of electrons and reducing power in the cell. Metabolism of phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient, and its reserve forms such as polyphosphate (PolyP), is affected by and plays a role in the responses to diverse stresses, too. However, the potential interplay of the capability of photogeneration of hydrogen and turnover of phosphorus-rich inclusions in stressed microalgae cells so far escaped the attention of researchers. Here, we present a quantitative ultrastructural view of the turnover of P-rich inclusions in the model microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> strains, the parent strain CC-425 and its <i>hydEF-1</i> mutant lacking hydrogenase activity as a function of sulfur and oxygen availability in the medium. In addition to the electron microscopy cell image analysis of the studied strains, we followed the elemental composition of the inclusions in different (sub) compartments of the cells obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The stress caused by sulfur deprivation and subsequent transition of the microalgae culture to anaerobic conditions declined the size of phosphorus-containing inclusions but increased their number in the parent strain. Overall, the accumulation of the phosphorus-rich inclusions in <i>hydEF-1</i> mutant was much lower than in the fully functional parent strain regardless of the cultivation conditions. We believe that impaired hydrogenase activity and correspondingly reduced sink of electrons and reducing power in the mutant strain indirectly affects the turnover of P and its reserves in the cell. These effects were manifested by the changes in the abundance, morphology, and elemental composition of the P-containing inclusions. We hypothesized that the sulfur-deprivation stress increased the initiation of the biosynthesis of PolyP chains, but their elongation and hence the formation of large PolyP-containing inclusions was hindered by anaerobiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604464
N. Baccari, A. Krouma
Abstract
Boron (B) is a critical element for plant growth. Its role in plant physiology is still being debated. B deficiency, toxicity, and optimality for crop growth and yield are challenging. The specific needs of wheat for B and how tolerant genotypes act are still lacking. Analyze the physiological behavior of three durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes (khiar, maali, and razek) regarding B availability in the rhizosphere and highlight useful traits of tolerance. The experiment was conducted in a potted greenhouse under natural light. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution with different B concentrations (0–200 µM). Plant growth, photosynthesis and gas exchange, SPAD index, B distribution and interrelationships were deeply analyzed. Durum wheat genotypes expressed their maximum growth and normal metabolic functioning at 80 μM of B in the rhizosphere. B deficiency as well as toxicity significantly reduced plant growth, net photosynthesis, and SPAD index. These metabolic reactions are strictly dependent (positively or negatively) on the shoot B concentration. The genotype khiar was revealed to be tolerant to B deficiency by developing better B use efficiency for plant growth (BUE-DW), important tolerance index (TI) and effective mechanisms of B management to support the metabolic need for this nutrient under deficient conditions and by sequestering B in roots under toxicity. Although they have the same optimal concentration (80 µM), durum wheat genotypes respond differently to B availability. The identified physiological traits, BUE-DW and TI, determine the genotypic differences in response to B deficiency or toxicity.
{"title":"Insight into the Physiological Traits Underlying the Genotypic Differences in Response of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) to Boron Availability","authors":"N. Baccari, A. Krouma","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604464","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Boron (B) is a critical element for plant growth. Its role in plant physiology is still being debated. B deficiency, toxicity, and optimality for crop growth and yield are challenging. The specific needs of wheat for B and how tolerant genotypes act are still lacking. Analyze the physiological behavior of three durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) genotypes (khiar, maali, and razek) regarding B availability in the rhizosphere and highlight useful traits of tolerance. The experiment was conducted in a potted greenhouse under natural light. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution with different B concentrations (0–200 µM). Plant growth, photosynthesis and gas exchange, SPAD index, B distribution and interrelationships were deeply analyzed. Durum wheat genotypes expressed their maximum growth and normal metabolic functioning at 80 μM of B in the rhizosphere. B deficiency as well as toxicity significantly reduced plant growth, net photosynthesis, and SPAD index. These metabolic reactions are strictly dependent (positively or negatively) on the shoot B concentration. The genotype khiar was revealed to be tolerant to B deficiency by developing better B use efficiency for plant growth (BUE-DW), important tolerance index (TI) and effective mechanisms of B management to support the metabolic need for this nutrient under deficient conditions and by sequestering B in roots under toxicity. Although they have the same optimal concentration (80 µM), durum wheat genotypes respond differently to B availability. The identified physiological traits, BUE-DW and TI, determine the genotypic differences in response to B deficiency or toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603835
M. Dorrazehi, M. Allahdou, B. A. Fakheri, L. Mehravaran
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic elicitors may induce higher synthesis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. In the present study, the impact of salicylic acid (SA) and cellulase from Aspergillus niger (CE) elicitors with 200 mg/L concentration at 24, 48 and 72 h treatment durations was evaluated on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and Withaferin A and Withanolide A compounds (analyzed by HPLC) as well as free radicals scavenging activity in cell suspension culture derived from leaf and stem explants of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal for the their production in commercial level. The results of this investigation revealed that all elicitors treated cell cultures obviously promoted total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Withaferin A and Withanolide A accumulation as well as antioxidant activity. Also, these characteristics increased as treatment duration of SA and CE elicitors enhanced in both leaf and stem cell extracts and reached a maximum at 72 h treatment duration. In most treatments, TPC and TFC of leaf cell extracts did not have significant difference with TPC and TFC of stem cell extracts. In contrast, the leaf cell extracts had higher Withaferin A and Withanolide A amounts when compared to stem cell extracts under all treatments. The highest values of TPC, TFC, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, and antioxidant activity observed in SA elicitor treated leaf cell extracts at 72 h treatment duration (1.61-fold, 2.46-fold, 3.08-fold, 1.99-fold, and 1.78-fold higher than control culture, respectively). Therefore, elicitation can be applied as a promising strategy for large-scale production of W. coagulans valuable secondary metabolites in cell suspension culture at commercial level.
摘要 生物和生物诱导剂可诱导药用植物合成更多的生物活性化合物。本研究评估了水杨酸（SA）和黑曲霉纤维素酶（CE）（浓度为 200 mg/L，处理时间分别为 24、48 和 72 h）对薇甘菊（Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal）叶片和茎外植体细胞悬浮培养物中总酚和类黄酮含量、Withaferin A 和 Withanolide A 化合物（采用 HPLC 分析）以及自由基清除活性的影响，以促进薇甘菊的商业化生产。研究结果表明，所有经诱导剂处理的细胞培养物都明显促进了总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、Withaferin A 和 Withanolide A 的积累以及抗氧化活性。而且，随着 SA 和 CE 诱导剂在叶片和茎细胞提取物中的处理时间延长，这些特征也会增加，并在 72 小时的处理时间内达到最大值。在大多数处理中，叶细胞提取物的 TPC 和 TFC 与茎细胞提取物的 TPC 和 TFC 没有显著差异。相反，在所有处理中，叶细胞提取物的 Withaferin A 和 Withanolide A 含量均高于茎细胞提取物。经 SA 激发剂处理的叶细胞提取物在处理 72 小时后，其 TPC、TFC、Withaferin A、Withanolide A 和抗氧化活性值最高（分别是对照培养物的 1.61 倍、2.46 倍、3.08 倍、1.99 倍和 1.78 倍）。因此，诱导可以作为一种很有前景的策略，用于在细胞悬浮培养中大规模生产凝结球菌有价值的次生代谢物。
{"title":"Elicitation Improves the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Cell Suspension Culture of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal","authors":"M. Dorrazehi, M. Allahdou, B. A. Fakheri, L. Mehravaran","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724603835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724603835","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Abiotic and biotic elicitors may induce higher synthesis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. In the present study, the impact of salicylic acid (SA) and cellulase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (CE) elicitors with 200 mg/L concentration at 24, 48 and 72 h treatment durations was evaluated on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and Withaferin A and Withanolide A compounds (analyzed by HPLC) as well as free radicals scavenging activity in cell suspension culture derived from leaf and stem explants of <i>Withania coagulans</i> (Stocks) Dunal for the their production in commercial level. The results of this investigation revealed that all elicitors treated cell cultures obviously promoted total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Withaferin A and Withanolide A accumulation as well as antioxidant activity. Also, these characteristics increased as treatment duration of SA and CE elicitors enhanced in both leaf and stem cell extracts and reached a maximum at 72 h treatment duration. In most treatments, TPC and TFC of leaf cell extracts did not have significant difference with TPC and TFC of stem cell extracts. In contrast, the leaf cell extracts had higher Withaferin A and Withanolide A amounts when compared to stem cell extracts under all treatments. The highest values of TPC, TFC, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, and antioxidant activity observed in SA elicitor treated leaf cell extracts at 72 h treatment duration (1.61-fold, 2.46-fold, 3.08-fold, 1.99-fold, and 1.78-fold higher than control culture, respectively). Therefore, elicitation can be applied as a promising strategy for large-scale production of <i>W. coagulans</i> valuable secondary metabolites in cell suspension culture at commercial level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603312
N. Abdiazar, H. Zahedi, Y. Sharghi, S. A. M. Modarres-Sanavy, A. Alipour
Abstract
While the potential for biostimulants to mitigate water stress holds promise, the underlying physiological mechanisms in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) regarding this matterremain unclear. Elucidating how biostimulants treatments may induce adaptive changes in ROS scavenging, osmoregulation, carbon fixation, gas exchange, and provides insight into optimizing plant water stress tolerance at the cellular level. This split-plot study included biostimulant foliar treatments (folic acid, epibrassinolide, chitosan, glutathione) as subplots, and irrigation regimes (optimal, mild, severe water deficit) as main plots. Under mild water stress, folic acid and epibrassinolide sprays exhibited the highest increase in chlorophyll a (55.3%) and chlorophyll b (51.0%). These treatments also showed the most substantial increases in carotenoids (36.1%), relative water content (18.5%), and soluble proteins (20%). Proline levels were highest with glutathione and chitosan treatments, which increased levels by 81% compared to the control. Transpiration rates were 30% higher on average with folic acid, epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione treatments. Folic acid led to the highest grain yield increase (26%) and GPX levels (22.9%). Severe water stress saw epibrassinolide and glutathione treatments increase relative water content the most (20%). Chitosan led to the highest increases in soluble proteins (23.2%) and transpiration (97%). Proline levels were 59.7% higher on average with folic acid, epibrassinolide, and chitosan treatments. GPX levels increased the most with epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione (62%). Fv/Fm ratios were 170 and 50% higher with folic acid and chitosan or epibrassinolide and glutathione, respectively. Overall, folic acid and epibrassinolide performed best under mild stress, maintaining photosynthesis and yields through increasing chlorophyll, proteins, and water retention. Epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione were most effective under severe stress, conferring drought tolerance by improving antioxidant defenses, protein levels, and water retention.
{"title":"Comparing Effects of Folic Acid, Epibrassinolide, Chitosan and Glutathione Foliar Treatments on Safflower’s Physiology and Yield during Water Stress","authors":"N. Abdiazar, H. Zahedi, Y. Sharghi, S. A. M. Modarres-Sanavy, A. Alipour","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603312","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>While the potential for biostimulants to mitigate water stress holds promise, the underlying physiological mechanisms in safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) regarding this matterremain unclear. Elucidating how biostimulants treatments may induce adaptive changes in ROS scavenging, osmoregulation, carbon fixation, gas exchange, and provides insight into optimizing plant water stress tolerance at the cellular level. This split-plot study included biostimulant foliar treatments (folic acid, epibrassinolide, chitosan, glutathione) as subplots, and irrigation regimes (optimal, mild, severe water deficit) as main plots. Under mild water stress, folic acid and epibrassinolide sprays exhibited the highest increase in chlorophyll <i>a</i> (55.3%) and chlorophyll <i>b</i> (51.0%). These treatments also showed the most substantial increases in carotenoids (36.1%), relative water content (18.5%), and soluble proteins (20%). Proline levels were highest with glutathione and chitosan treatments, which increased levels by 81% compared to the control. Transpiration rates were 30% higher on average with folic acid, epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione treatments. Folic acid led to the highest grain yield increase (26%) and GPX levels (22.9%). Severe water stress saw epibrassinolide and glutathione treatments increase relative water content the most (20%). Chitosan led to the highest increases in soluble proteins (23.2%) and transpiration (97%). Proline levels were 59.7% higher on average with folic acid, epibrassinolide, and chitosan treatments. GPX levels increased the most with epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione (62%). <i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub> ratios were 170 and 50% higher with folic acid and chitosan or epibrassinolide and glutathione, respectively. Overall, folic acid and epibrassinolide performed best under mild stress, maintaining photosynthesis and yields through increasing chlorophyll, proteins, and water retention. Epibrassinolide, chitosan, and glutathione were most effective under severe stress, conferring drought tolerance by improving antioxidant defenses, protein levels, and water retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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