Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604944
Yu. L. Moshchenskaya, N. A. Galibina, T. V. Tarelkina, K. M. Nikerova, A. A. Serkova, M. A. Korzhenevskyi, A. V. Klimova, I. N. Sofronova, L. I. Semenova
Abstract
Karelian birch is a form of silver birch that is characterized by a violation of the ratio and spatial orientation of the structural elements of the trunk conductive tissues, resulting in the formation of typical figured wood. Karelian birch trees differ greatly in the degree of manifestation of abnormalities, and within the trunk of one tree there can be wood with normal and abnormal structure. The objects of study were 16-year-old common silver birch and Karelian birch trees with abnormal wood. We studied the expression profiles of genes encoding sucrose transporters to identify the role of apoplastic sucrose transport in the formation of trunk tissues in figure wood Karelian birch trees. For analysis, we selected figured and non-figured trunk section of the Karelian birch trees. We showed a sharp decrease in phloem conductivity in Karelian birch plants (2.3 times) compared to common silver birch. In addition to the inhibition of long-distance transport in Karelian birch trees, a disruption of the sucrose concentration gradient between the phloem and xylem was also observed, which probably contributes to the disruption of the symplastic radial transport of sugars to the developing wood. Changes in the symplastic transport system in Karelian birch led to an increased role of apoplastic transport, which was expressed in an increase in the gene expression of the SUT and SWEET gene families, encoding sucrose transporters that carry out transmembrane exchange of sucrose between cells and the apoplastic space.
摘要 卡累利阿桦树是银桦树的一种，其特点是树干传导组织结构元素的比例和空间方向发生变化，从而形成典型的花纹木。卡累利阿桦树的异常表现程度差别很大，一棵树的树干中可能有结构正常的木材，也可能有结构异常的木材。研究对象是 16 年树龄的普通银桦和有异常木材的卡累利阿桦树。我们研究了编码蔗糖转运体的基因的表达谱，以确定凋落物蔗糖转运在图木卡累利阿桦树树干组织形成过程中的作用。为了进行分析，我们选择了卡累利阿桦树的图木和非图木树干切片。我们发现，与普通银桦相比，卡累利阿桦树植株的韧皮部传导性急剧下降（2.3 倍）。除了卡累利阿桦树的长距离运输受到抑制外，我们还观察到韧皮部和木质部之间的蔗糖浓度梯度受到破坏，这可能是糖向发育中的木材的合成径向运输受到破坏的原因之一。卡累利阿桦树交联运输系统的变化导致凋落物运输的作用增加，表现为 SUT 和 SWEET 基因家族的基因表达量增加，这些基因编码蔗糖转运体，在细胞和凋落物空间之间进行蔗糖的跨膜交换。
{"title":"Disruption of Long-Distance Transport Leads to Changes in Gene Expression Profiles of Sugar Transporters in Silver Birch","authors":"Yu. L. Moshchenskaya, N. A. Galibina, T. V. Tarelkina, K. M. Nikerova, A. A. Serkova, M. A. Korzhenevskyi, A. V. Klimova, I. N. Sofronova, L. I. Semenova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604944","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Karelian birch is a form of silver birch that is characterized by a violation of the ratio and spatial orientation of the structural elements of the trunk conductive tissues, resulting in the formation of typical figured wood. Karelian birch trees differ greatly in the degree of manifestation of abnormalities, and within the trunk of one tree there can be wood with normal and abnormal structure. The objects of study were 16-year-old common silver birch and Karelian birch trees with abnormal wood. We studied the expression profiles of genes encoding sucrose transporters to identify the role of apoplastic sucrose transport in the formation of trunk tissues in figure wood Karelian birch trees. For analysis, we selected figured and non-figured trunk section of the Karelian birch trees. We showed a sharp decrease in phloem conductivity in Karelian birch plants (2.3 times) compared to common silver birch. In addition to the inhibition of long-distance transport in Karelian birch trees, a disruption of the sucrose concentration gradient between the phloem and xylem was also observed, which probably contributes to the disruption of the symplastic radial transport of sugars to the developing wood. Changes in the symplastic transport system in Karelian birch led to an increased role of apoplastic transport, which was expressed in an increase in the gene expression of the <i>SUT</i> and <i>SWEET</i> gene families, encoding sucrose transporters that carry out transmembrane exchange of sucrose between cells and the apoplastic space.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604749
Y. Chu, H. Zhang, P. Wan, W. Li, L. Wang, S. Liu
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant medicinal ingredients in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (GBE), which is an important industrial raw material for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our previous study found significantly higher flavonoid content in G.biloba leaves treated with UV-B for 7 days. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the miRNA-mRNA network responds to UV-B irradiation and regulates flavonoid biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, we identified 1348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome sequencing of G.biloba leaves from UV-B treatment at 0 (CK) and 7 days, and 89.76% of DEG were induced by UV-B irradiation. Analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway revealed 16 differentially expressed structural genes (SGs), all of which were upregulated after UV-B treatment. Twelve DEGs were identified by analyzing transcription factors (TFs), including MYB, bHLH, and WD40, which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis, 11 of which were upregulated. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing of ginkgo leaves from control and UV-B-treated groups on days 0 and 7 revealed 58 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the DEMs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Finally, combined analysis of transcriptome and miRNA data identified 32 DEMs targeting 43 SGs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and 42 DEMs targeting 68 TFs that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings revealed that multiple miRNA-SG and miRNA-TF networks may regulate G.biloba flavonoid biosynthesis in response to UV-B irradiation, providing new insights into the miRNA regulation of G.biloba flavonoid biosynthesis.
{"title":"Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Reveals the Mechanism of UV-B-promoted Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba","authors":"Y. Chu, H. Zhang, P. Wan, W. Li, L. Wang, S. Liu","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604749","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Flavonoids are the most abundant medicinal ingredients in <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> L. leaf extract (GBE), which is an important industrial raw material for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our previous study found significantly higher flavonoid content in <i>G.</i> <i>biloba</i> leaves treated with UV-B for 7 days. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the miRNA-mRNA network responds to UV-B irradiation and regulates flavonoid biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, we identified 1348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome sequencing of <i>G.</i> <i>biloba</i> leaves from UV-B treatment at 0 (CK) and 7 days, and 89.76% of DEG were induced by UV-B irradiation. Analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway revealed 16 differentially expressed structural genes (SGs), all of which were upregulated after UV-B treatment. Twelve DEGs were identified by analyzing transcription factors (TFs), including MYB, bHLH, and WD40, which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis, 11 of which were upregulated. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing of ginkgo leaves from control and UV-B-treated groups on days 0 and 7 revealed 58 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the DEMs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Finally, combined analysis of transcriptome and miRNA data identified 32 DEMs targeting 43 SGs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and 42 DEMs targeting 68 TFs that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings revealed that multiple miRNA-SG and miRNA-TF networks may regulate <i>G.</i> <i>biloba</i> flavonoid biosynthesis in response to UV-B irradiation, providing new insights into the miRNA regulation of <i>G.</i> <i>biloba</i> flavonoid biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604671
V. Hegde, M. S. Sowmya, P. S. Basavaraj, M. Sonone, H. Deshmukh, K. S. Reddy, J. Rane
Abstract
Drought stress poses a significant threat to global agricultural productivity and food security. Understanding how plants adapt to drought conditions is crucial for developing drought-resistant crop varieties. Plants have been gifted with adaptation capacity to cope with situations arising from water deficit. Their capacity to acclimate is featured by adaptive changes in plants. The capacity to capture changes in shoot architecture has now been enhanced by the advent of non-invasive phenotyping techniques involving various imaging systems in plant phenomics platforms. These platforms thrive on the assumption that the plant responses reflected in terms of changes in the structure of the plant that can offer ample scope to employ machine vision for differentiating the responses of plants to soil-moisture deficit. Further, it is assumed that the detectable genetic variation in morphological traits responding to soil moisture deficit can provide hints about a plant’s tolerance to stress and can be exploited to improve crop productivity in drought-prone areas. Genomic interventions utilizing high throughput phenotyping, make the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes easier. In recent years, machine vision has emerged as a powerful tool to study and quantify plant responses to drought stress. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on drought-adaptive responses in plants and explores the potential of genomic-assisted breeding tools coupled with high-throughput phenotyping platforms and machine vision to accelerate the elucidation of genotypic differences in adaptive traits. We also highlighted its role in deciphering the complex interplay of genotypic variations in drought-adaptive traits and harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) for machine vision data processing for the transformative potential in enhancing our understanding of plant responses to drought and expediting the development of climate-resilient crop varieties.
{"title":"From Pixels to Phenotypes: Quest of Machine Vision for Drought Tolerance Traits in Plants","authors":"V. Hegde, M. S. Sowmya, P. S. Basavaraj, M. Sonone, H. Deshmukh, K. S. Reddy, J. Rane","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604671","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Drought stress poses a significant threat to global agricultural productivity and food security. Understanding how plants adapt to drought conditions is crucial for developing drought-resistant crop varieties. Plants have been gifted with adaptation capacity to cope with situations arising from water deficit. Their capacity to acclimate is featured by adaptive changes in plants. The capacity to capture changes in shoot architecture has now been enhanced by the advent of non-invasive phenotyping techniques involving various imaging systems in plant phenomics platforms. These platforms thrive on the assumption that the plant responses reflected in terms of changes in the structure of the plant that can offer ample scope to employ machine vision for differentiating the responses of plants to soil-moisture deficit. Further, it is assumed that the detectable genetic variation in morphological traits responding to soil moisture deficit can provide hints about a plant’s tolerance to stress and can be exploited to improve crop productivity in drought-prone areas. Genomic interventions utilizing high throughput phenotyping, make the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes easier. In recent years, machine vision has emerged as a powerful tool to study and quantify plant responses to drought stress. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on drought-adaptive responses in plants and explores the potential of genomic-assisted breeding tools coupled with high-throughput phenotyping platforms and machine vision to accelerate the elucidation of genotypic differences in adaptive traits. We also highlighted its role in deciphering the complex interplay of genotypic variations in drought-adaptive traits and harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) for machine vision data processing for the transformative potential in enhancing our understanding of plant responses to drought and expediting the development of climate-resilient crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604373
S. D. Gumrukcu Simsek, R. Terzi, N. Saruhan Guler
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA), a unique antioxidant compound, can stimulate the antioxidant defense system in plants subjected to abiotic stresses. We aimed to determine the role of LA in induction of the antioxidant system at lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osmotic-stressed maize (Zea mays L.). For this purpose, ROS, GSH and ASC contents were decreased using N,N'‑dimethylthiourea (DMTU), L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and acriflavine (AF), respectively. Pots containing 21-day-old seedlings were divided into nine groups consisting of a non-stressed group; polyethylene glycol6000 (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (PEG) group, LA, DMTU, BSO and AF treatment groups; and DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatment groups under osmotic stress. ROS contents and membrane damage after the DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatments were lower than those after the DMTU, BSO, and AF treatments, respectively. Moreover, the LA treatments in combination with DMTU, BSO and AF increased dry weight, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase), and contents of GSH, ASC, and LA compared to the DMTU, BSO and AF treatments. Additionally, the relative expression levels of SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, CATALASE1 and ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1 genes were consistent with the findings for their related antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicated that LA could adjust ROS level and maintain stimulation of the antioxidant system at lower ROS, GSH, and ASC levels in osmotic stressed maize. Furthermore, LA may play a signaling role and assume the function of ASC and GSH in maize under PEG-induced osmotic stress.
{"title":"Lipoic Acid Can Maintain Stimulation of the Antioxidant System at Lower Reactive Oxygen Species, Ascorbate and Glutathione Levels in Osmotic Stressed Maize","authors":"S. D. Gumrukcu Simsek, R. Terzi, N. Saruhan Guler","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604373","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Lipoic acid (LA), a unique antioxidant compound, can stimulate the antioxidant defense system in plants subjected to abiotic stresses. We aimed to determine the role of LA in induction of the antioxidant system at lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osmotic-stressed maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). For this purpose, ROS, GSH and ASC contents were decreased using N,N'‑dimethylthiourea (DMTU), L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and acriflavine (AF), respectively. Pots containing 21-day-old seedlings were divided into nine groups consisting of a non-stressed group; polyethylene glycol<sub>6000</sub> (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (PEG) group, LA, DMTU, BSO and AF treatment groups; and DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatment groups under osmotic stress. ROS contents and membrane damage after the DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatments were lower than those after the DMTU, BSO, and AF treatments, respectively. Moreover, the LA treatments in combination with DMTU, BSO and AF increased dry weight, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase), and contents of GSH, ASC, and LA compared to the DMTU, BSO and AF treatments. Additionally, the relative expression levels of <i>SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE</i>, <i>CATALASE1</i> and <i>ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1</i> genes were consistent with the findings for their related antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicated that LA could adjust ROS level and maintain stimulation of the antioxidant system at lower ROS, GSH, and ASC levels in osmotic stressed maize. Furthermore, LA may play a signaling role and assume the function of ASC and GSH in maize under PEG-induced osmotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s102144372360294x
H. Rezazadeh, H. Mansouri
Abstract
Under extreme environmental conditions, Haematococcus lacustris (Girod-Chantrans) Rostafinski has shown significant accumulation of astaxanthin. Nevertheless, understanding of the effects of toxic chemicals on pigment synthesis is still limited. In this study, H.lacustris was treated with phenol to investigate cellular responses, pigment synthesis and the astaxanthin production. The effects of phenol were investigated at concentrations ranging from 0 to 150 mg/L for a 14-day treatment and a 7-day pre-treatment followed by a further 7 days at the green and red growth stages. Phenol led to an increase in carotenoids, proteins and dry biomass in the green cells of treatment, while the content of carbohydrates and chlorophyll decreased in the treatment of green cells. Pretreatment increased chlorophyll a, carbohydrates and carotenoids in the green cells, with minimal effects on dry biomass, green cell proteins and red cell proteins. Phenol treatment increased the content of carotenoids, carbohydrates, dry biomass and protein in the red cells, especially at lower concentrations. Treatment with high-concentration phenol had a significant effect on xanthophylls, while pretreatment with lower concentrations of phenol showed parallel effects. Higher phenol concentrations reduced astaxanthin production in both treatment and pretreatment. In conclusion, phenol can stimulate xanthophyll production in H.lacustris algae, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental factors and pigment synthesis.
{"title":"Metabolic Response of Haematococcus lacustris under the Influence of Induced-Stress: Strategies and Exogenous Toxicity of Phenol","authors":"H. Rezazadeh, H. Mansouri","doi":"10.1134/s102144372360294x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372360294x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Under extreme environmental conditions, <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> (Girod-Chantrans) Rostafinski has shown significant accumulation of astaxanthin. Nevertheless, understanding of the effects of toxic chemicals on pigment synthesis is still limited. In this study, <i>H.</i> <i>lacustris</i> was treated with phenol to investigate cellular responses, pigment synthesis and the astaxanthin production. The effects of phenol were investigated at concentrations ranging from 0 to 150 mg/L for a 14-day treatment and a 7-day pre-treatment followed by a further 7 days at the green and red growth stages. Phenol led to an increase in carotenoids, proteins and dry biomass in the green cells of treatment, while the content of carbohydrates and chlorophyll decreased in the treatment of green cells. Pretreatment increased chlorophyll <i>a</i>, carbohydrates and carotenoids in the green cells, with minimal effects on dry biomass, green cell proteins and red cell proteins. Phenol treatment increased the content of carotenoids, carbohydrates, dry biomass and protein in the red cells, especially at lower concentrations. Treatment with high-concentration phenol had a significant effect on xanthophylls, while pretreatment with lower concentrations of phenol showed parallel effects. Higher phenol concentrations reduced astaxanthin production in both treatment and pretreatment. In conclusion, phenol can stimulate xanthophyll production in <i>H.</i> <i>lacustris</i> algae, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental factors and pigment synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723602884
W. Cheng, P. Cheng, W. Li, T. Yan, C. Ou, C. Huang
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play a crucial role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants, making them essential candidates for stress-resistance breeding in Rosa chinensis (Jacq.). In this study, we utilized the whole genome sequencing data of R. chinensis and various biological information software to identify the RcbZIP transcription factor family and investigate its classification and expression patterns. Our findings revealed a total of 64 members in the RcbZIP family, with 35 members forming a gene cluster distributed across different chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed fragment duplication in only one pair of RcbZIP genes, indicating that tandem duplication was the primary driving force behind gene family amplification. Notably, a significant amplification of RcbZIP genes may have occurred prior to the divergence of R. chinensis and A. thaliana from their common ancestor. By integrating the expression patterns of RcbZIP genes under salt stress and their orthologous gene functions in Arabidopsis, we speculate that RcbZIP9, RcbZIP17, RcbZIP25, RcbZIP42, RcbZIP49, and RcbZIP53 may play a crucial role in the response of R.chinensis to salt stress. These results provide valuable insights for further research on the biological functions of RcbZIP genes, as well as their involvement in the growth, development, regulation, and stress response mechanisms in R. chinensis.
{"title":"Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of the bZIP Gene Family Based on the Whole Genome of Rosa chinensis (Jacq.)","authors":"W. Cheng, P. Cheng, W. Li, T. Yan, C. Ou, C. Huang","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723602884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723602884","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play a crucial role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants, making them essential candidates for stress-resistance breeding in <i>Rosa chinensis</i> (Jacq.). In this study, we utilized the whole genome sequencing data of <i>R. chinensis</i> and various biological information software to identify the RcbZIP transcription factor family and investigate its classification and expression patterns. Our findings revealed a total of 64 members in the <i>RcbZIP</i> family, with 35 members forming a gene cluster distributed across different chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed fragment duplication in only one pair of <i>RcbZIP</i> genes, indicating that tandem duplication was the primary driving force behind gene family amplification. Notably, a significant amplification of <i>RcbZIP</i> genes may have occurred prior to the divergence of <i>R. chinensis</i> and <i>A. thaliana</i> from their common ancestor. By integrating the expression patterns of <i>RcbZIP</i> genes under salt stress and their orthologous gene functions in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, we speculate that <i>RcbZIP9</i>, <i>RcbZIP17</i>, <i>RcbZIP25</i>, <i>RcbZIP42</i>, <i>RcbZIP49</i>, and <i>RcbZIP53</i> may play a crucial role in the response of <i>R.</i> <i>chinensis</i> to salt stress. These results provide valuable insights for further research on the biological functions of <i>RcbZIP</i> genes, as well as their involvement in the growth, development, regulation, and stress response mechanisms in <i>R. chinensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460243x
I. Janah, A. Elhasnaoui, M. Anli, O. Raho, M. Mobaligh, K. Lamnai, S. Aissam, A. Meddich
Abstract
The utilization of saline water for irrigating plants in arid and semi-arid regions has become imperative because of the scarcity of water resources. Nevertheless, under salt stress conditions, plants undergo a multitude of variation, which result in delayed growth and adversely affect the plant metabolism. Adopting appropriate and sustainable strategies such as using bio-organic fertilizers from animal and plant waste or integrating microorganisms (symbiotic fungi), can improve plant resilience against salt stress. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis alone and/or combined with compost on growth, nutrient uptake, antioxidant activities, and photosynthesis-related performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under salt stress conditions. Salt stress negatively affected all studied parameters. However, the application of R. irregulare strain in a substrate amended with 5% compost is more effective in enhancing salt stress tolerance in stevia plants compared to the compost and AMF strain applied separately. The synergistic effect of the co-application of these two biofertilizers under salt stress resulted in increased stomatal conductance (276%), chlorophyll fluorescence (38%), antioxidant enzyme activities, and the uptake of K+ (78%), Ca2+ (117%), and P (149%). In conclusion, the application of compost combined with AMF may be a promising sustainable strategy for improving salt stress resistance in stevia.
{"title":"The Application of Organic Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Modifies the Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Stevia Plants under Salt Stress","authors":"I. Janah, A. Elhasnaoui, M. Anli, O. Raho, M. Mobaligh, K. Lamnai, S. Aissam, A. Meddich","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460243x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460243x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The utilization of saline water for irrigating plants in arid and semi-arid regions has become imperative because of the scarcity of water resources. Nevertheless, under salt stress conditions, plants undergo a multitude of variation, which result in delayed growth and adversely affect the plant metabolism. Adopting appropriate and sustainable strategies such as using bio-organic fertilizers from animal and plant waste or integrating microorganisms (symbiotic fungi), can improve plant resilience against salt stress. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> alone and/or combined with compost on growth, nutrient uptake, antioxidant activities, and photosynthesis-related performance of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni under salt stress conditions. Salt stress negatively affected all studied parameters. However, the application of <i>R. irregulare</i> strain in a substrate amended with 5% compost is more effective in enhancing salt stress tolerance in stevia plants compared to the compost and AMF strain applied separately. The synergistic effect of the co-application of these two biofertilizers under salt stress resulted in increased stomatal conductance (276%), chlorophyll fluorescence (38%), antioxidant enzyme activities, and the uptake of K<sup>+</sup> (78%), Ca<sup>2+</sup> (117%), and P (149%). In conclusion, the application of compost combined with AMF may be a promising sustainable strategy for improving salt stress resistance in stevia.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604634
I. Janah, A. Elhasnaoui, R. Makbal, A. Ahmali, M. Ait Tastift, K. Lamnai, S. Aissam
Abstract
The plants are often exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses that affect their yield negatively, among which, we found salt stress caused by accumulation of salts in soil. Currently, different approaches are used to reduce the detrimental effect of salt stress on plants. In light of these circumstances, the present work aims to improve the tolerance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni to salt stress (0 and 80 mM) using salicylic acid (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). The results showed that salt stress affects negatively the mineral nutrition, antioxidant activities (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH), and steviol glycosides production. However, exogenous application of salicylic acid attenuated the depressive effects caused by salt stress by reinforcing the antioxidant system and the synthesis of osmoprotectants such as glycine betaine (54%), total soluble sugars (17%), proline (18%), and steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). Moreover, salicylic acid countered the decline in K (30%), P (33%), and Ca (33%) content induced by salt stress. This fundings supported that the application of salicylic acid to salt-stressed stevia plants is a promising approach to improve the salinity tolerance.
{"title":"Effect of Salicylic Acid Treatment on Agro-Morphological Performances, Mineral Nutrition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Steviol Glycosides Content of Stevia Subjected to Salt Stress","authors":"I. Janah, A. Elhasnaoui, R. Makbal, A. Ahmali, M. Ait Tastift, K. Lamnai, S. Aissam","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604634","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The plants are often exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses that affect their yield negatively, among which, we found salt stress caused by accumulation of salts in soil. Currently, different approaches are used to reduce the detrimental effect of salt stress on plants. In light of these circumstances, the present work aims to improve the tolerance of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni to salt stress (0 and 80 mM) using salicylic acid (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). The results showed that salt stress affects negatively the mineral nutrition, antioxidant activities (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH), and steviol glycosides production. However, exogenous application of salicylic acid attenuated the depressive effects caused by salt stress by reinforcing the antioxidant system and the synthesis of osmoprotectants such as glycine betaine (54%), total soluble sugars (17%), proline (18%), and steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). Moreover, salicylic acid countered the decline in K (30%), P (33%), and Ca (33%) content induced by salt stress. This fundings supported that the application of salicylic acid to salt-stressed stevia plants is a promising approach to improve the salinity tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603002
H. Mansouri, H. Salarinasab
Abstract
In this study, changes in the growth and biochemical parameters of Chlorella sorokiniana under mixotrophic culture conditions with 50 mM acetate and acetate supplemented with 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mM of urea were investigated. Acetate increased fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weights by 54 and 40%, respectively, compared with the control. Acetate treatment also increased the amount of chlorophyll a and carotenoids by 2.93 and 3.32 times, respectively, compared with the control, but decreased the amount of chlorophyll b, protein, and soluble sugars. There was a significant increase in growth and in the amount of metabolites analyzed when urea was used together with acetate. The most suitable concentration of urea for increasing FW and DW, chl a and b, and protein was 1 mM, for increasing carotenoid 0.25 mM and for increasing soluble sugars 0.50 mM. The best results in the simultaneous treatment with acetate and urea for each of the parameters analyzed were as follows: carotenoid 5 times, FW 2.1 times, DW 2.5 times, chl a 3.35 times, chl b 2 times, protein 1.4 times and soluble sugar 1.3 times increase compared with the control. These results showed that the simultaneous use of a carbon source (acetate) and a nitrogen source (urea) was more effective in increasing growth and the amount of metabolites.
摘要 在本研究中，研究了在 50 mM 醋酸和醋酸盐辅以 0.25、0.50 和 1 mM 尿素的混养条件下，苏氏小球藻的生长和生化参数的变化。与对照组相比，醋酸盐分别增加了 54% 和 40% 的鲜重（FW）和干重（DW）。与对照相比，醋酸盐处理还使叶绿素 a 和类胡萝卜素的含量分别增加了 2.93 倍和 3.32 倍，但叶绿素 b、蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量却有所下降。当尿素与醋酸盐同时使用时，生长量和分析的代谢物数量都有明显增加。最适合增加净重和容重、叶绿素 a 和 b 以及蛋白质的尿素浓度为 1 毫摩尔，增加类胡萝卜素的浓度为 0.25 毫摩尔，增加可溶性糖的浓度为 0.50 毫摩尔。与对照组相比，同时使用醋酸盐和尿素处理各分析参数的最佳结果如下：类胡萝卜素增加 5 倍，FW 增加 2.1 倍，DW 增加 2.5 倍，chl a 增加 3.35 倍，chl b 增加 2 倍，蛋白质增加 1.4 倍，可溶性糖增加 1.3 倍。这些结果表明，同时使用碳源（醋酸盐）和氮源（尿素）能更有效地提高生长和代谢产物的数量。
{"title":"Improved Growth and Metabolite Production in Chlorella sorokiniana under Mixotrophic Conditions with Acetate and Urea","authors":"H. Mansouri, H. Salarinasab","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603002","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, changes in the growth and biochemical parameters of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> under mixotrophic culture conditions with 50 mM acetate and acetate supplemented with 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mM of urea were investigated. Acetate increased fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weights by 54 and 40%, respectively, compared with the control. Acetate treatment also increased the amount of chlorophyll <i>a</i> and carotenoids by 2.93 and 3.32 times, respectively, compared with the control, but decreased the amount of chlorophyll <i>b</i>, protein, and soluble sugars. There was a significant increase in growth and in the amount of metabolites analyzed when urea was used together with acetate. The most suitable concentration of urea for increasing FW and DW, chl <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, and protein was 1 mM, for increasing carotenoid 0.25 mM and for increasing soluble sugars 0.50 mM. The best results in the simultaneous treatment with acetate and urea for each of the parameters analyzed were as follows: carotenoid 5 times, FW 2.1 times, DW 2.5 times, chl <i>a</i> 3.35 times, chl <i>b</i> 2 times, protein 1.4 times and soluble sugar 1.3 times increase compared with the control. These results showed that the simultaneous use of a carbon source (acetate) and a nitrogen source (urea) was more effective in increasing growth and the amount of metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604300
D. Sharma, T. S. Chahal, P. P. S. Gill, S. K. Grewal
Abstract
The present research work was planned to explore the nutraceutical composition of sweet orange varieties during different developmental stages for fresh fruit consumption and industrial purposes. Five sweet orangeswere analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) along with the antioxidant capacity by four different assays viz. DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl ion (OH–) activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total reducing power (TRP), some major flavanone like hesperidin and other like naringin. The outcomes of the research work revealed more pronounced antioxidant readings in Early Gold peel (90 days after fruit set, DAFS), while the phenolics were found maximum in the Ruby Nucellar peel; TPC at 90 DAFS (15.4 mg GAE g–1 dry wt) and TFC at 150 DAFS (2.23 mg RE g–1 dry wt). Whereas greater concentrations of hesperidin (7.25 mg g–1 dry wt) and naringin (4.52 mg g–1 dry wt) were detected in Itaborai at 90 DAFS.
{"title":"Focused Analysis of Changes in Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Sweet Orange Varieties throughout Developmental Stages","authors":"D. Sharma, T. S. Chahal, P. P. S. Gill, S. K. Grewal","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604300","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present research work was planned to explore the nutraceutical composition of sweet orange varieties during different developmental stages for fresh fruit consumption and industrial purposes. Five sweet orangeswere analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) along with the antioxidant capacity by four different assays <i>viz</i>. DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl ion (OH<sup>–</sup>) activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total reducing power (TRP), some major flavanone like hesperidin and other like naringin. The outcomes of the research work revealed more pronounced antioxidant readings in Early Gold peel (90 days after fruit set, DAFS), while the phenolics were found maximum in the Ruby Nucellar peel; TPC at 90 DAFS (15.4 mg GAE g<sup>–1</sup> dry wt) and TFC at 150 DAFS (2.23 mg RE g<sup>–1</sup> dry wt). Whereas greater concentrations of hesperidin (7.25 mg g<sup>–1</sup> dry wt) and naringin (4.52 mg g<sup>–1</sup> dry wt) were detected in Itaborai at 90 DAFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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