Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460689x
R. P. Zakirova, N. K. Khidyrova, S. D. Gusakova
Abstract
The review highlights the current state of knowledge of the chemical composition of lipids in halophytic plants. The role of lipids and lipophilic substances of halophytes in protecting plants from the effects of stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature is shown. Data on the composition of lipophilic components of halophytic plants growing in the Aral Sea region and other regions of the republic are presented. The rich composition of fatty acids in lipids of seeds and aerial parts of halophytes is shown. The comparative composition of polyprenols of various cotton varieties depending on resistance to stress factors is given. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with preparations based on the lipid components of halophytic plants increases their adaptive abilities. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of using halophytes as a source of biologically active lipids and lipophilic substances to protect plants from salinity stress are shown.
{"title":"Lipids, Lipophilic Components of Halophytes of the Flora of Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity","authors":"R. P. Zakirova, N. K. Khidyrova, S. D. Gusakova","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460689x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460689x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The review highlights the current state of knowledge of the chemical composition of lipids in halophytic plants. The role of lipids and lipophilic substances of halophytes in protecting plants from the effects of stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature is shown. Data on the composition of lipophilic components of halophytic plants growing in the Aral Sea region and other regions of the republic are presented. The rich composition of fatty acids in lipids of seeds and aerial parts of halophytes is shown. The comparative composition of polyprenols of various cotton varieties depending on resistance to stress factors is given. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with preparations based on the lipid components of halophytic plants increases their adaptive abilities. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of using halophytes as a source of biologically active lipids and lipophilic substances to protect plants from salinity stress are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605500
I. V. Zhigacheva, N. I. Krikunova, E. M. Mil, Yu. V. Kuznetsov, I. P. Generozova, P. A. Butsanets, A. N. Goloshchapov
Abstract
The possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine: N-acetylcysteinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine and carnitinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine as plant growth regulators investigated on the pea seedlings mitochondria (Pisum sativum L.) Flora 2 cultivar. The influence of water deficiency (WD) and 3-HP on the functional state of mitochondria was studied. Water deficiency activated lipid peroxidation and led to mitochondrial swelling. An increase in LPO intensity was associated with significant changes in the content of C18 fatty acids The content of linoleic and linolenic acids in the mitochondrial membranes of seedlings decreased by 12.5 and 22.3%, respectively. There were also changes in the content of C20 FA: the content of 20:2 ω6 and 20:1 ω9 decreased by almost 1.65 times and 1.5 times, respectively. The swelling of mitochondria, probably, resulted in a partial loss of cytochrome C from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol, which led to a decrease in the electron transport rates at the end section of the respiratory chain. The treatment of pea seeds with antioxidants led to the prevention of lipid peroxidation, the prevention changes in the composition of FAs membranes and mitochondrial morphology and also restored the rate of electron transport at the end section of the respiratory chain of these organelles. By preventing lipid peroxidation, the drugs helped maintain the functional state of mitochondria under WD conditions, which probably increased the resistance of pea seedlings to stress.
AbstractThe possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine：N-acetylcysteinate 2-乙基-6-甲基-3-羟基吡啶和 carnitinate 2-乙基-6-甲基-3-羟基吡啶作为植物生长调节剂对豌豆苗线粒体（Pisum sativum L.) Flora 2 栽培品种进行了研究。研究了缺水（WD）和 3-HP 对线粒体功能状态的影响。缺水激活了脂质过氧化反应，导致线粒体肿胀。幼苗线粒体膜中亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量分别减少了 12.5% 和 22.3%。C20 脂肪酸的含量也发生了变化：20:2 ω6 和 20:1 ω9 的含量分别减少了近 1.65 倍和 1.5 倍。线粒体的膨胀可能导致部分细胞色素 C 从线粒体的膜间隙流失到细胞质中，从而导致呼吸链末端的电子传递速率下降。用抗氧化剂处理豌豆种子可防止脂质过氧化，防止 FAs 膜成分和线粒体形态发生变化，还能恢复这些细胞器呼吸链末端的电子传输速率。通过防止脂质过氧化，这些药物有助于维持线粒体在 WD 条件下的功能状态，这可能增强了豌豆幼苗的抗逆性。
{"title":"3-Нydroxypyridine Derivatives Reduce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pea Seedlings under Conditions of Water Deficiency","authors":"I. V. Zhigacheva, N. I. Krikunova, E. M. Mil, Yu. V. Kuznetsov, I. P. Generozova, P. A. Butsanets, A. N. Goloshchapov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605500","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The possibility of using antioxidants-derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine: N-acetylcysteinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine and carnitinate 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine as plant growth regulators investigated on the pea seedlings mitochondria (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Flora 2 cultivar. The influence of water deficiency (WD) and 3-HP on the functional state of mitochondria was studied. Water deficiency activated lipid peroxidation and led to mitochondrial swelling. An increase in LPO intensity was associated with significant changes in the content of C<sub>18</sub> fatty acids The content of linoleic and linolenic acids in the mitochondrial membranes of seedlings decreased by 12.5 and 22.3%, respectively. There were also changes in the content of C<sub>20</sub> FA: the content of 20:2 ω6 and 20:1 ω9 decreased by almost 1.65 times and 1.5 times, respectively. The swelling of mitochondria, probably, resulted in a partial loss of cytochrome C from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol, which led to a decrease in the electron transport rates at the end section of the respiratory chain. The treatment of pea seeds with antioxidants led to the prevention of lipid peroxidation, the prevention changes in the composition of FAs membranes and mitochondrial morphology and also restored the rate of electron transport at the end section of the respiratory chain of these organelles. By preventing lipid peroxidation, the drugs helped maintain the functional state of mitochondria under WD conditions, which probably increased the resistance of pea seedlings to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606293
M. Manokari, M. Faisal, A. A. Alatar, M. S. Shekhawat
Abstract
Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Capparaceae) is an occasional and endemic tree species of the Peninsular India. In this study, an effective in vitro regeneration system is reported for the first time for this tree, and the impact of growth regulators on the micro-morphometric growth modulations was assessed. Node explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 types of cytokinins viz., N6-benzyladenine (BA), N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin/Kin), and N6-(meta-hydroxybenzyl)adenine (meta-Topolin/mT). The MS medium with mT at 1.0 mg/L was found the most efficient cytokinin for bud break, resulting in a 90.3% organogenic response and producing 8.0 shoots/explants. Conversely, MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BA produced 4.0 shoots, and only 3.3 shoots resulted in 2.0 mg/L Kin. Additionally, a combination of mT (0.5 mg/L) and 0.25 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased regeneration frequencies and a maximum of 23.0 shoots (5.4 cm length) were amplified, in contrast a combination of BA + IAA and Kin + IAA resulted in a lesser number of shoots comparatively with shoot tip necrosis. Microscopic analysis showed that the leaves developed on the optimal mT and IAA combination were structurally superior with moderately differentiated cuticle, uniform epidermal layers, and increased mesophyll density and vascular elements. The leaves from BA + IAA and Kin + IAA treatments exhibited micro-structural abnormalities. The highest rhizogenic response (95.8%) and a considerable number of roots (5.0 roots with 4.3 cm length) were regenerated from the shoots derived from mT and IAA combination on 1.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 91.7% of the regenerated plantlets survived during ex vitro acclimatization. The study thus highlights the pivotal role of mT in stimulating the in vitro regeneration and alleviation of micro-structural and physiological disorders in cultures of C. trifoliata.
{"title":"In vitro Regeneration and Structural and Physiological Modifications in the Foliages of Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: An Endemic Tree of the Family Capparaceae","authors":"M. Manokari, M. Faisal, A. A. Alatar, M. S. Shekhawat","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606293","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Cadaba trifoliata</i> (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Capparaceae) is an occasional and endemic tree species of the Peninsular India. In this study, an effective in vitro regeneration system is reported for the first time for this tree, and the impact of growth regulators on the micro-morphometric growth modulations was assessed. Node explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 types of cytokinins viz., <i>N</i>6-benzyladenine (BA), <i>N</i>6-furfuryladenine (kinetin/Kin), and <i>N</i>6-(<i>meta</i>-hydroxybenzyl)adenine (<i>meta</i>-Topolin/<i>m</i>T). The MS medium with <i>m</i>T at 1.0 mg/L was found the most efficient cytokinin for bud break, resulting in a 90.3% organogenic response and producing 8.0 shoots/explants. Conversely, MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BA produced 4.0 shoots, and only 3.3 shoots resulted in 2.0 mg/L Kin. Additionally, a combination of <i>m</i>T (0.5 mg/L) and 0.25 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased regeneration frequencies and a maximum of 23.0 shoots (5.4 cm length) were amplified, in contrast a combination of BA + IAA and Kin + IAA resulted in a lesser number of shoots comparatively with shoot tip necrosis. Microscopic analysis showed that the leaves developed on the optimal <i>m</i>T and IAA combination were structurally superior with moderately differentiated cuticle, uniform epidermal layers, and increased mesophyll density and vascular elements. The leaves from BA + IAA and Kin + IAA treatments exhibited micro-structural abnormalities. The highest rhizogenic response (95.8%) and a considerable number of roots (5.0 roots with 4.3 cm length) were regenerated from the shoots derived from <i>m</i>T and IAA combination on 1.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 91.7% of the regenerated plantlets survived during <i>ex vitro</i> acclimatization. The study thus highlights the pivotal role of <i>m</i>T in stimulating the in vitro regeneration and alleviation of micro-structural and physiological disorders in cultures of <i>C. trifoliata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605780
S. P. Maslova, M. A. Shelyakin, E. V. Silina, R. V. Malyshev, I. V. Dalke
Abstract
Data on changes in energy status, activity of pro-/antioxidant metabolism during overwintering of Heracleum sosnowskyi vegetative buds were obtained. The buds of H. sosnowskyi are not endodormant and their growth is limited by the decrease of the soil temperature to negative values at the end of November. The optimum temperature for energy storage in autumn was found to be in the range of low positive temperatures (2–5°C). The autumn buds were characterized a high capacity for the cytochrome respiratory pathway (CP, Vcyt), which accounted for 78% of the total respiration. During autumn morphogenesis and winter dormancy of buds, the levels of pro-oxidants, which are the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 content, remained stable. In December, when a stable snow cover and negative soil temperatures were established, the dormant buds showed 2.5 times lower rate of energy storage and activated alternative respiration capacity (AP, Valt), as indicated by a 2 times lower Vcyt/Valt ratio. In early spring, compared to winter dormancy, H2O2 levels increased 2-fold and antioxidant enzymes activity increased by 27–78% as insolation increased. Spring buds showed an increase in rate of heat production and a decrease in rate of energy storage, which may be due to spring stress caused by increased insolation. It was concluded that in the tissues of H. sosnowskyi buds subjected to exogenous dormancy, an energy balance between dormancy and growth processes is achieved at the level of respiratory capacity and pro-/antioxidant metabolism.
{"title":"Energy and Pro-/Antioxidant Metabolism of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. Buds during the Winter Dormancy","authors":"S. P. Maslova, M. A. Shelyakin, E. V. Silina, R. V. Malyshev, I. V. Dalke","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605780","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Data on changes in energy status, activity of pro-/antioxidant metabolism during overwintering of <i>Heracleum sosnowskyi</i> vegetative buds were obtained. The buds of <i>H. sosnowskyi</i> are not endodormant and their growth is limited by the decrease of the soil temperature to negative values at the end of November. The optimum temperature for energy storage in autumn was found to be in the range of low positive temperatures (2–5°C). The autumn buds were characterized a high capacity for the cytochrome respiratory pathway (CP, <i>V</i><sub>cyt</sub>), which accounted for 78% of the total respiration. During autumn morphogenesis and winter dormancy of buds, the levels of pro-oxidants, which are the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content, remained stable. In December, when a stable snow cover and negative soil temperatures were established, the dormant buds showed 2.5 times lower rate of energy storage and activated alternative respiration capacity (AP, <i>V</i><sub>alt</sub>), as indicated by a 2 times lower <i>V</i><sub>cyt</sub>/<i>V</i><sub>alt</sub> ratio. In early spring, compared to winter dormancy, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels increased 2-fold and antioxidant enzymes activity increased by 27–78% as insolation increased. Spring buds showed an increase in rate of heat production and a decrease in rate of energy storage, which may be due to spring stress caused by increased insolation. It was concluded that in the tissues of <i>H. sosnowskyi</i> buds subjected to exogenous dormancy, an energy balance between dormancy and growth processes is achieved at the level of respiratory capacity and pro-/antioxidant metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606074
M. Aydınlı, E. Kaçal, İ. Gür, F. Yildirim, S. Önder, M. Altındal, Y. Karakurt
Abstract
Salt stress poses a substantial threat to fruit cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. An essential aspect of mitigating this challenge involves understanding the adaptive changes in plants under salinity conditions. In this study, salinity stress (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) induced in Ankara and Deveci pear varieties grafted onto OH×F 97, OH×F 333, and BA 29 rootstocks. Plant height and diameter, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and K+/Na+ ratio exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating the impact of salt stress. Conversely, the salt stress index and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed an increasing trend, highlighting the plant’s defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In our comprehensive evaluation, the Deveci × OH×F 97 demonstrated a higher level of tolerance to sodium chloride stress compared to other combinations. Notably, combinations involving the BA 29, particularly Ankara × BA 29, exhibited more pronounced damage under NaCl stress. An intriguing finding was the announced response of enzymatic antioxidants, where despite a higher increase in SOD activity in the Deveci × OH×F 97, CAT and APX activities were generally higher in the Ankara × BA 29. This suggests the effective operation of enzymatic antioxidants in ameliorating oxidative damage in cells exposed to NaCl stress, irrespective of the overall stress tolerance of the plant, within the Pyrus. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between pear varieties, rootstocks, and NaCl stress, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in orchard management practices to enhance the resilience of pear cultivation in challenging environmental conditions.
摘要 盐胁迫对干旱和半干旱地区的水果种植构成了巨大威胁。缓解这一挑战的一个重要方面是了解植物在盐胁迫条件下的适应性变化。本研究对嫁接在 OH×F 97、OH×F 333 和 BA 29 砧木上的安卡拉和 Deveci 梨品种进行了盐度胁迫（0、20、40 和 80 mM）。植株高度和直径、气孔导度、光合色素和 K+/Na+ 比率呈下降趋势，表明盐胁迫的影响。相反，盐胁迫指数和抗氧化酶（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）的活性呈上升趋势，突显了植物对氧化胁迫的防御机制。在我们的综合评估中，与其他组合相比，Deveci × OH×F 97 对氯化钠胁迫的耐受性更高。值得注意的是，涉及 BA 29 的组合，特别是 Ankara × BA 29，在氯化钠胁迫下表现出更明显的损害。一个耐人寻味的发现是酶抗氧化剂的反应，尽管 Deveci × OH×F 97 的 SOD 活性增加较多，但 Ankara × BA 29 的 CAT 和 APX 活性普遍较高。这表明，无论植物的整体抗逆性如何，酶抗氧化剂都能有效地改善暴露在 NaCl 胁迫下的细胞的氧化损伤。这项研究为了解梨品种、砧木和 NaCl 胁迫之间复杂的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解，为果园管理实践中的明智决策提供了基础，从而提高梨栽培在具有挑战性的环境条件下的抗逆性。
{"title":"Physiological and Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Several Local Pyrus communis L. cv on Different Rootstocks under NaCl Stress","authors":"M. Aydınlı, E. Kaçal, İ. Gür, F. Yildirim, S. Önder, M. Altındal, Y. Karakurt","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606074","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Salt stress poses a substantial threat to fruit cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. An essential aspect of mitigating this challenge involves understanding the adaptive changes in plants under salinity conditions. In this study, salinity stress (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) induced in Ankara and Deveci pear varieties grafted onto OH×F 97, OH×F 333, and BA 29 rootstocks. Plant height and diameter, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating the impact of salt stress. Conversely, the salt stress index and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed an increasing trend, highlighting the plant’s defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In our comprehensive evaluation, the Deveci × OH×F 97 demonstrated a higher level of tolerance to sodium chloride stress compared to other combinations. Notably, combinations involving the BA 29, particularly Ankara × BA 29, exhibited more pronounced damage under NaCl stress. An intriguing finding was the announced response of enzymatic antioxidants, where despite a higher increase in SOD activity in the Deveci × OH×F 97, CAT and APX activities were generally higher in the Ankara × BA 29. This suggests the effective operation of enzymatic antioxidants in ameliorating oxidative damage in cells exposed to NaCl stress, irrespective of the overall stress tolerance of the plant, within the <i>Pyrus</i>. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between pear varieties, rootstocks, and NaCl stress, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in orchard management practices to enhance the resilience of pear cultivation in challenging environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606165
E. Nourozi, A. Hedayati, R. Tahmasebi, Sh. Shameh, R. Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Rosa × damascene Mill. plant is one of the most well-known plants in the history of horticulture, which is cultivated in many regions of the world due to its wonderful aroma and variety of cultivars. This research was perpetrated to investigate the morphological and phytochemical differences of three genotypes between R. × damascena cultivated in Urmia. For this purpose, in RCB (randomized complete block) design, three genotypes of R. × damascena (Tabriz, Kashan and Bi-Khar) were cultivated in the research farm of West-Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR. In the third year after planting and when flowering, traits such as fresh and dry weight of flowers, percentages of essential oil, essential oil components and polyphenol compound were studied. Based on results, the highest flower dry weight (21.5 gram per 100-g fresh flower) was obtained in Kashan genotype and the lowest flower dry weight (17.7 gram per 100 gram fresh flower) was obtained in Bi-Khar genotype. The results of essential oil extraction with Clevenger showed that the highest (0.028%) and lowest (0.011%) essential oil percentage were obtained in Kashan and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Analysis by GC-MS identified 88.60%, 94.94% and 91.22% of essential oil components of Kashan, Tabriz and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Also, 6-octen-1-ol, geraniol, nonadecane and eicosane were the great constituents of essential oils of all three genotypes. The present study show that the ovulated genotypes are a good source of polyphenolic compounds and valuable components of the essential oil of the damask rose.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening of Valuable Polyphenol Compounds and Essential Oil Profile of Three Rosa damascene Genotypes, as an Important Plant for Medicine and Food Industry","authors":"E. Nourozi, A. Hedayati, R. Tahmasebi, Sh. Shameh, R. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606165","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Rosa × damascene</i> Mill. plant is one of the most well-known plants in the history of horticulture, which is cultivated in many regions of the world due to its wonderful aroma and variety of cultivars. This research was perpetrated to investigate the morphological and phytochemical differences of three genotypes between <i>R. × damascena</i> cultivated in Urmia. For this purpose, in RCB (randomized complete block) design, three genotypes of <i>R. × damascena</i> (Tabriz, Kashan and Bi-Khar) were cultivated in the research farm of West-Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR. In the third year after planting and when flowering, traits such as fresh and dry weight of flowers, percentages of essential oil, essential oil components and polyphenol compound were studied. Based on results, the highest flower dry weight (21.5 gram per 100-g fresh flower) was obtained in Kashan genotype and the lowest flower dry weight (17.7 gram per 100 gram fresh flower) was obtained in Bi-Khar genotype. The results of essential oil extraction with Clevenger showed that the highest (0.028%) and lowest (0.011%) essential oil percentage were obtained in Kashan and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Analysis by GC-MS identified 88.60%, 94.94% and 91.22% of essential oil components of Kashan, Tabriz and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Also, 6-octen-1-ol, geraniol, nonadecane and eicosane were the great constituents of essential oils of all three genotypes. The present study show that the ovulated genotypes are a good source of polyphenolic compounds and valuable components of the essential oil of the damask rose.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605688
S. M. M. Mirfatah, M. Rasouli, M. Gholami, A. Mirzakhani
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important limitations in the production of agricultural products and especially horticulture in different parts of the world and Iran. The climate changes that have happened in the last few years, it is possible to provide sustainable production of grapes in water stress conditions by examining and selecting cultivars that tolerate to drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment from 2018 to 2022 in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in garden conditions to investigate the effect of changes in soil water potential on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of grafted cuttings on cultivar traits Tolerant to sensitive 7 grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars were carried out. The treatments included 7 selected grape varieties (‘Bidaneh Ghermez’, ‘Bidaneh Sefid’, ‘Rashe’, ‘Sahani’, ‘Kare Royeh’, ‘Moulai’, and ‘Chafte’) as the base and red quince cultivar as scion and three levels of drought stress including humidity. Agricultural (control), 75% (moderate stress) and 55% (severe stress) were based on agricultural moisture discharge. The results showed that with more severe water stress, the amount of proline, ABA, activity of catalase and peroxidase, the expression of CBF4, NCED3, and DHN1 genes increased, as well as the amount of total chlorophyll were decreased. In this experiment, the highest proline, abscisic acid, catalase, peroxidase, NCED3, CBF4 and DHN1 gene expression were observed in this experiment under severe stress treatment. In general, ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ cultivar grafted on the rootstocks of ‘Chafte’, ‘Moulai’ and ‘Kare Royeh’ had a higher potential for tolerance to drought stress than other grafted combinations tested in most of the traits.
{"title":"Physiochemical and Molecular Response of the Grafted ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ Grape Cultivar on Native Rootstocks to Identify Tolerant Combination to Drought Stress in Vineyard Conditions","authors":"S. M. M. Mirfatah, M. Rasouli, M. Gholami, A. Mirzakhani","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605688","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Drought stress is one of the most important limitations in the production of agricultural products and especially horticulture in different parts of the world and Iran. The climate changes that have happened in the last few years, it is possible to provide sustainable production of grapes in water stress conditions by examining and selecting cultivars that tolerate to drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment from 2018 to 2022 in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in garden conditions to investigate the effect of changes in soil water potential on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of grafted cuttings on cultivar traits Tolerant to sensitive 7 grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) cultivars were carried out. The treatments included 7 selected grape varieties (‘Bidaneh Ghermez’, ‘Bidaneh Sefid’, ‘Rashe’, ‘Sahani’, ‘Kare Royeh’, ‘Moulai’, and ‘Chafte’) as the base and red quince cultivar as scion and three levels of drought stress including humidity. Agricultural (control), 75% (moderate stress) and 55% (severe stress) were based on agricultural moisture discharge. The results showed that with more severe water stress, the amount of proline, ABA, activity of catalase and peroxidase, the expression of <i>CBF4</i>, <i>NCED3</i>, and <i>DHN1</i> genes increased, as well as the amount of total chlorophyll were decreased. In this experiment, the highest proline, abscisic acid, catalase, peroxidase, <i>NCED3</i>, <i>CBF4</i> and <i>DHN1</i> gene expression were observed in this experiment under severe stress treatment. In general, ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ cultivar grafted on the rootstocks of ‘Chafte’, ‘Moulai’ and ‘Kare Royeh’ had a higher potential for tolerance to drought stress than other grafted combinations tested in most of the traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603683
X. Li, J. Wang
Abstract
The plastic response of Bassia dasyphylla (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze functional traits to saline-alkali land habitat and its mechanism were investigated. Two neutral salts, NaCl and Na2SO4, and two alkali salts, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, were mixed in various ratios according to the varying ranges of salinity and pH in a natural soil, and the response of B. dasyphylla seedlings to salt-alkaline stress was determined. The osmolyte contents, peroxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant morphology and biomass were determined. Thirty different salt-alkaline ecological treatments were applied, including ranges of salinity of 50–250 mmol/L and pH values of 7.10–10.19. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, betaine, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, ({text{O}}_{2}^{ - }) production rate and cell membrane permeability of B. dasyphylla rose with increases in salt concentration and pH. There were differences between the treatment groups and the control (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes initially increased and then decreased, but catalase activity continued to increase. The plant height, main root length, stem thickness, branch number, lateral root number and root, stem and leaf biomass were significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). In regard to biomass, the proportion of root biomass increased, but the proportions of stem and leaf biomass decreased. The correlations between the salt component ions and the above plant characteristics indicated complex effects of salt composition on the functional characteristics of B. dasyphylla. This study suggests that salt-alkaline environments inhibited the functional characteristics of B. dasyphylla and negatively affected several physiological responses and morphological plasticity.
{"title":"Functional Traits and Their Plastic Response of Bassia dasyphylla under Salt-Alkaline Mixed Stress in a Desert Region, Northwestern China","authors":"X. Li, J. Wang","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603683","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The plastic response of <i>Bassia dasyphylla</i> (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze functional traits to saline-alkali land habitat and its mechanism were investigated. Two neutral salts, NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and two alkali salts, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, were mixed in various ratios according to the varying ranges of salinity and pH in a natural soil, and the response of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> seedlings to salt-alkaline stress was determined. The osmolyte contents, peroxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant morphology and biomass were determined. Thirty different salt-alkaline ecological treatments were applied, including ranges of salinity of 50–250 mmol/L and pH values of 7.10–10.19. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, betaine, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{ - })</span> production rate and cell membrane permeability of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> rose with increases in salt concentration and pH. There were differences between the treatment groups and the control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes initially increased and then decreased, but catalase activity continued to increase. The plant height, main root length, stem thickness, branch number, lateral root number and root, stem and leaf biomass were significantly decreased compared with the control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In regard to biomass, the proportion of root biomass increased, but the proportions of stem and leaf biomass decreased. The correlations between the salt component ions and the above plant characteristics indicated complex effects of salt composition on the functional characteristics of <i>B. dasyphylla</i>. This study suggests that salt-alkaline environments inhibited the functional characteristics of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> and negatively affected several physiological responses and morphological plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460586x
A. Ali Naghizadeh, M. Mahmoudi Zarandi, S. M. R. Khoshroo, F. Hasanzadeh Davarani
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a valuable crop, suffers greatly from salt stress. This study investigates the potential of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized using Aloe vera extract to relieve the harmful effects of salt stress on spinach seed germination and growth. The experiment evaluated various seed germination and plant growth characteristics of spinach cultivar Viroflay RZ under five Ag-NP concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, and 100 ppm) and four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) in a controlled laboratory setting. This studymeasured seed germination percentage, rate and relative germination, vigor indices, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Data analysis revealed that salinity stress significantly inhibited seed germination and all other studied parameters, especially at higher salt concentrations. The impact of green Ag-NPs on these traits varied considerably under salt stress. A complex statistical model showed a non-linear relationship between Ag-NP concentration and its effect, with an optimal concentration potentially alleviating the negative effects of salt stress. The study suggests that pre-treating spinach seeds with green Ag-NPs at an optimized concentration might enhance their tolerance to salt stress, potentially improving germination and growth under saline conditions. This research promotes using eco-friendly nanotechnology to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Green Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Physiological Parameters of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Salt Stress","authors":"A. Ali Naghizadeh, M. Mahmoudi Zarandi, S. M. R. Khoshroo, F. Hasanzadeh Davarani","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460586x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460586x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.), a valuable crop, suffers greatly from salt stress. This study investigates the potential of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized using <i>Aloe vera</i> extract to relieve the harmful effects of salt stress on spinach seed germination and growth. The experiment evaluated various seed germination and plant growth characteristics of spinach cultivar Viroflay RZ under five Ag-NP concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, and 100 ppm) and four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) in a controlled laboratory setting. This studymeasured seed germination percentage, rate and relative germination, vigor indices, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Data analysis revealed that salinity stress significantly inhibited seed germination and all other studied parameters, especially at higher salt concentrations. The impact of green Ag-NPs on these traits varied considerably under salt stress. A complex statistical model showed a non-linear relationship between Ag-NP concentration and its effect, with an optimal concentration potentially alleviating the negative effects of salt stress. The study suggests that pre-treating spinach seeds with green Ag-NPs at an optimized concentration might enhance their tolerance to salt stress, potentially improving germination and growth under saline conditions. This research promotes using eco-friendly nanotechnology to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460555x
D. Q. Deng, J. Fan, L. Cao, W. Ma, X. C. Meng
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism is profoundly influenced by environmental stress. Low-temperature stress can induce the production of NO and ROS. The root of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao is commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia. This study aimed to regulate the secondary metabolism and improve the quality of cultivated A. membranaceus var. mongolicus by subjecting it to different temperatures (5, 20, and 5/20°C). The activities and gene expressions of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including PAL, CHS, HMGR, SQS, were determined. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the contents of NO, superoxide radical (({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and five secondary metabolites were measured. Low-temperature stress of 5°C significantly increased NOS activities and NO contents, which led to a considerable surge in the levels of ({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }}), H2O2, and MDA. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, increased rapidly and peaked on the 2nd and 3rd days. The gene expressions and activities of PAL, CHS, HMGR, and SQS were also markedly enhanced, which led to a substantial increase in all secondary metabolites. In the 5°C treatment group, calyculin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV were increased by 45.6, 36.6, 97.9, 123.4, and 74.9%, respectively, compared with the 20°C treatment group. Thus, low-temperature stress can significantly improve the secondary metabolism of A. membranaceus var. mongolicus, enhance the accumulation of medicinal chemical components, and augment the quality of the herb.
摘要 植物次生代谢受环境胁迫的影响很大。低温胁迫可诱导 NO 和 ROS 的产生。膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao）是亚洲常用的药材。本研究旨在通过在不同温度（5、20 和 5/20°C）下栽培膜荚黄芪（A. membranaceus var. mongolicus Hsiao），调节其次生代谢并改善其品质。测定了催化次生代谢物合成的酶的活性和基因表达，包括 PAL、CHS、HMGR 和 SQS。测定了一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性、NO、超氧自由基（({text{O}}_{2}^{bullet - }}）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（MDA）和五种次生代谢产物的含量。5°C的低温胁迫显著提高了NOS活性和NO含量，从而导致({text{O}}_{2}^{bullet - }}）、H2O2和MDA的水平大幅上升。此外，SOD、CAT 和 POD 的活性也迅速增加，并在第 2 天和第 3 天达到峰值。PAL、CHS、HMGR 和 SQS 的基因表达和活性也明显增强，从而导致所有次生代谢物的大量增加。与 20°C 处理组相比，5°C 处理组的钙苷-7-葡萄糖苷、芒柄苷、钙苷、甲芒柄苷和黄芪苷 IV 分别增加了 45.6%、36.6%、97.9%、123.4% 和 74.9%。因此，低温胁迫能显著改善膜衣壳变种的次生代谢，促进药用化学成分的积累，提高药材品质。
{"title":"Effect of Low-Temperature Stress on Secondary Metabolism of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao","authors":"D. Q. Deng, J. Fan, L. Cao, W. Ma, X. C. Meng","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460555x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460555x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Plant secondary metabolism is profoundly influenced by environmental stress. Low-temperature stress can induce the production of NO and ROS. The root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Bge. var. <i>mongolicus</i> Hsiao is commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia. This study aimed to regulate the secondary metabolism and improve the quality of cultivated <i>A. membranaceus</i> var. <i>mongolicus</i> by subjecting it to different temperatures (5, 20, and 5/20°C). The activities and gene expressions of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including PAL, CHS, HMGR, SQS, were determined. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the contents of NO, superoxide radical (<span>({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})</span>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and five secondary metabolites were measured. Low-temperature stress of 5°C significantly increased NOS activities and NO contents, which led to a considerable surge in the levels of <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})</span>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and MDA. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, increased rapidly and peaked on the 2nd and 3rd days. The gene expressions and activities of PAL, CHS, HMGR, and SQS were also markedly enhanced, which led to a substantial increase in all secondary metabolites. In the 5°C treatment group, calyculin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV were increased by 45.6, 36.6, 97.9, 123.4, and 74.9%, respectively, compared with the 20°C treatment group. Thus, low-temperature stress can significantly improve the secondary metabolism of <i>A. membranaceus</i> var. <i>mongolicus</i>, enhance the accumulation of medicinal chemical components, and augment the quality of the herb.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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