Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606074
M. Aydınlı, E. Kaçal, İ. Gür, F. Yildirim, S. Önder, M. Altındal, Y. Karakurt
Abstract
Salt stress poses a substantial threat to fruit cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. An essential aspect of mitigating this challenge involves understanding the adaptive changes in plants under salinity conditions. In this study, salinity stress (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) induced in Ankara and Deveci pear varieties grafted onto OH×F 97, OH×F 333, and BA 29 rootstocks. Plant height and diameter, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and K+/Na+ ratio exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating the impact of salt stress. Conversely, the salt stress index and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed an increasing trend, highlighting the plant’s defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In our comprehensive evaluation, the Deveci × OH×F 97 demonstrated a higher level of tolerance to sodium chloride stress compared to other combinations. Notably, combinations involving the BA 29, particularly Ankara × BA 29, exhibited more pronounced damage under NaCl stress. An intriguing finding was the announced response of enzymatic antioxidants, where despite a higher increase in SOD activity in the Deveci × OH×F 97, CAT and APX activities were generally higher in the Ankara × BA 29. This suggests the effective operation of enzymatic antioxidants in ameliorating oxidative damage in cells exposed to NaCl stress, irrespective of the overall stress tolerance of the plant, within the Pyrus. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between pear varieties, rootstocks, and NaCl stress, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in orchard management practices to enhance the resilience of pear cultivation in challenging environmental conditions.
摘要 盐胁迫对干旱和半干旱地区的水果种植构成了巨大威胁。缓解这一挑战的一个重要方面是了解植物在盐胁迫条件下的适应性变化。本研究对嫁接在 OH×F 97、OH×F 333 和 BA 29 砧木上的安卡拉和 Deveci 梨品种进行了盐度胁迫（0、20、40 和 80 mM）。植株高度和直径、气孔导度、光合色素和 K+/Na+ 比率呈下降趋势，表明盐胁迫的影响。相反，盐胁迫指数和抗氧化酶（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）的活性呈上升趋势，突显了植物对氧化胁迫的防御机制。在我们的综合评估中，与其他组合相比，Deveci × OH×F 97 对氯化钠胁迫的耐受性更高。值得注意的是，涉及 BA 29 的组合，特别是 Ankara × BA 29，在氯化钠胁迫下表现出更明显的损害。一个耐人寻味的发现是酶抗氧化剂的反应，尽管 Deveci × OH×F 97 的 SOD 活性增加较多，但 Ankara × BA 29 的 CAT 和 APX 活性普遍较高。这表明，无论植物的整体抗逆性如何，酶抗氧化剂都能有效地改善暴露在 NaCl 胁迫下的细胞的氧化损伤。这项研究为了解梨品种、砧木和 NaCl 胁迫之间复杂的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解，为果园管理实践中的明智决策提供了基础，从而提高梨栽培在具有挑战性的环境条件下的抗逆性。
{"title":"Physiological and Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Several Local Pyrus communis L. cv on Different Rootstocks under NaCl Stress","authors":"M. Aydınlı, E. Kaçal, İ. Gür, F. Yildirim, S. Önder, M. Altındal, Y. Karakurt","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606074","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Salt stress poses a substantial threat to fruit cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. An essential aspect of mitigating this challenge involves understanding the adaptive changes in plants under salinity conditions. In this study, salinity stress (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) induced in Ankara and Deveci pear varieties grafted onto OH×F 97, OH×F 333, and BA 29 rootstocks. Plant height and diameter, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating the impact of salt stress. Conversely, the salt stress index and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed an increasing trend, highlighting the plant’s defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In our comprehensive evaluation, the Deveci × OH×F 97 demonstrated a higher level of tolerance to sodium chloride stress compared to other combinations. Notably, combinations involving the BA 29, particularly Ankara × BA 29, exhibited more pronounced damage under NaCl stress. An intriguing finding was the announced response of enzymatic antioxidants, where despite a higher increase in SOD activity in the Deveci × OH×F 97, CAT and APX activities were generally higher in the Ankara × BA 29. This suggests the effective operation of enzymatic antioxidants in ameliorating oxidative damage in cells exposed to NaCl stress, irrespective of the overall stress tolerance of the plant, within the <i>Pyrus</i>. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between pear varieties, rootstocks, and NaCl stress, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in orchard management practices to enhance the resilience of pear cultivation in challenging environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605688
S. M. M. Mirfatah, M. Rasouli, M. Gholami, A. Mirzakhani
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important limitations in the production of agricultural products and especially horticulture in different parts of the world and Iran. The climate changes that have happened in the last few years, it is possible to provide sustainable production of grapes in water stress conditions by examining and selecting cultivars that tolerate to drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment from 2018 to 2022 in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in garden conditions to investigate the effect of changes in soil water potential on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of grafted cuttings on cultivar traits Tolerant to sensitive 7 grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars were carried out. The treatments included 7 selected grape varieties (‘Bidaneh Ghermez’, ‘Bidaneh Sefid’, ‘Rashe’, ‘Sahani’, ‘Kare Royeh’, ‘Moulai’, and ‘Chafte’) as the base and red quince cultivar as scion and three levels of drought stress including humidity. Agricultural (control), 75% (moderate stress) and 55% (severe stress) were based on agricultural moisture discharge. The results showed that with more severe water stress, the amount of proline, ABA, activity of catalase and peroxidase, the expression of CBF4, NCED3, and DHN1 genes increased, as well as the amount of total chlorophyll were decreased. In this experiment, the highest proline, abscisic acid, catalase, peroxidase, NCED3, CBF4 and DHN1 gene expression were observed in this experiment under severe stress treatment. In general, ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ cultivar grafted on the rootstocks of ‘Chafte’, ‘Moulai’ and ‘Kare Royeh’ had a higher potential for tolerance to drought stress than other grafted combinations tested in most of the traits.
{"title":"Physiochemical and Molecular Response of the Grafted ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ Grape Cultivar on Native Rootstocks to Identify Tolerant Combination to Drought Stress in Vineyard Conditions","authors":"S. M. M. Mirfatah, M. Rasouli, M. Gholami, A. Mirzakhani","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605688","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Drought stress is one of the most important limitations in the production of agricultural products and especially horticulture in different parts of the world and Iran. The climate changes that have happened in the last few years, it is possible to provide sustainable production of grapes in water stress conditions by examining and selecting cultivars that tolerate to drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment from 2018 to 2022 in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in garden conditions to investigate the effect of changes in soil water potential on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of grafted cuttings on cultivar traits Tolerant to sensitive 7 grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) cultivars were carried out. The treatments included 7 selected grape varieties (‘Bidaneh Ghermez’, ‘Bidaneh Sefid’, ‘Rashe’, ‘Sahani’, ‘Kare Royeh’, ‘Moulai’, and ‘Chafte’) as the base and red quince cultivar as scion and three levels of drought stress including humidity. Agricultural (control), 75% (moderate stress) and 55% (severe stress) were based on agricultural moisture discharge. The results showed that with more severe water stress, the amount of proline, ABA, activity of catalase and peroxidase, the expression of <i>CBF4</i>, <i>NCED3</i>, and <i>DHN1</i> genes increased, as well as the amount of total chlorophyll were decreased. In this experiment, the highest proline, abscisic acid, catalase, peroxidase, <i>NCED3</i>, <i>CBF4</i> and <i>DHN1</i> gene expression were observed in this experiment under severe stress treatment. In general, ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ cultivar grafted on the rootstocks of ‘Chafte’, ‘Moulai’ and ‘Kare Royeh’ had a higher potential for tolerance to drought stress than other grafted combinations tested in most of the traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724606165
E. Nourozi, A. Hedayati, R. Tahmasebi, Sh. Shameh, R. Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Rosa × damascene Mill. plant is one of the most well-known plants in the history of horticulture, which is cultivated in many regions of the world due to its wonderful aroma and variety of cultivars. This research was perpetrated to investigate the morphological and phytochemical differences of three genotypes between R. × damascena cultivated in Urmia. For this purpose, in RCB (randomized complete block) design, three genotypes of R. × damascena (Tabriz, Kashan and Bi-Khar) were cultivated in the research farm of West-Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR. In the third year after planting and when flowering, traits such as fresh and dry weight of flowers, percentages of essential oil, essential oil components and polyphenol compound were studied. Based on results, the highest flower dry weight (21.5 gram per 100-g fresh flower) was obtained in Kashan genotype and the lowest flower dry weight (17.7 gram per 100 gram fresh flower) was obtained in Bi-Khar genotype. The results of essential oil extraction with Clevenger showed that the highest (0.028%) and lowest (0.011%) essential oil percentage were obtained in Kashan and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Analysis by GC-MS identified 88.60%, 94.94% and 91.22% of essential oil components of Kashan, Tabriz and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Also, 6-octen-1-ol, geraniol, nonadecane and eicosane were the great constituents of essential oils of all three genotypes. The present study show that the ovulated genotypes are a good source of polyphenolic compounds and valuable components of the essential oil of the damask rose.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening of Valuable Polyphenol Compounds and Essential Oil Profile of Three Rosa damascene Genotypes, as an Important Plant for Medicine and Food Industry","authors":"E. Nourozi, A. Hedayati, R. Tahmasebi, Sh. Shameh, R. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606165","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Rosa × damascene</i> Mill. plant is one of the most well-known plants in the history of horticulture, which is cultivated in many regions of the world due to its wonderful aroma and variety of cultivars. This research was perpetrated to investigate the morphological and phytochemical differences of three genotypes between <i>R. × damascena</i> cultivated in Urmia. For this purpose, in RCB (randomized complete block) design, three genotypes of <i>R. × damascena</i> (Tabriz, Kashan and Bi-Khar) were cultivated in the research farm of West-Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR. In the third year after planting and when flowering, traits such as fresh and dry weight of flowers, percentages of essential oil, essential oil components and polyphenol compound were studied. Based on results, the highest flower dry weight (21.5 gram per 100-g fresh flower) was obtained in Kashan genotype and the lowest flower dry weight (17.7 gram per 100 gram fresh flower) was obtained in Bi-Khar genotype. The results of essential oil extraction with Clevenger showed that the highest (0.028%) and lowest (0.011%) essential oil percentage were obtained in Kashan and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Analysis by GC-MS identified 88.60%, 94.94% and 91.22% of essential oil components of Kashan, Tabriz and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Also, 6-octen-1-ol, geraniol, nonadecane and eicosane were the great constituents of essential oils of all three genotypes. The present study show that the ovulated genotypes are a good source of polyphenolic compounds and valuable components of the essential oil of the damask rose.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603683
X. Li, J. Wang
Abstract
The plastic response of Bassia dasyphylla (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze functional traits to saline-alkali land habitat and its mechanism were investigated. Two neutral salts, NaCl and Na2SO4, and two alkali salts, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, were mixed in various ratios according to the varying ranges of salinity and pH in a natural soil, and the response of B. dasyphylla seedlings to salt-alkaline stress was determined. The osmolyte contents, peroxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant morphology and biomass were determined. Thirty different salt-alkaline ecological treatments were applied, including ranges of salinity of 50–250 mmol/L and pH values of 7.10–10.19. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, betaine, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, ({text{O}}_{2}^{ - }) production rate and cell membrane permeability of B. dasyphylla rose with increases in salt concentration and pH. There were differences between the treatment groups and the control (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes initially increased and then decreased, but catalase activity continued to increase. The plant height, main root length, stem thickness, branch number, lateral root number and root, stem and leaf biomass were significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). In regard to biomass, the proportion of root biomass increased, but the proportions of stem and leaf biomass decreased. The correlations between the salt component ions and the above plant characteristics indicated complex effects of salt composition on the functional characteristics of B. dasyphylla. This study suggests that salt-alkaline environments inhibited the functional characteristics of B. dasyphylla and negatively affected several physiological responses and morphological plasticity.
{"title":"Functional Traits and Their Plastic Response of Bassia dasyphylla under Salt-Alkaline Mixed Stress in a Desert Region, Northwestern China","authors":"X. Li, J. Wang","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603683","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The plastic response of <i>Bassia dasyphylla</i> (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze functional traits to saline-alkali land habitat and its mechanism were investigated. Two neutral salts, NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and two alkali salts, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, were mixed in various ratios according to the varying ranges of salinity and pH in a natural soil, and the response of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> seedlings to salt-alkaline stress was determined. The osmolyte contents, peroxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant morphology and biomass were determined. Thirty different salt-alkaline ecological treatments were applied, including ranges of salinity of 50–250 mmol/L and pH values of 7.10–10.19. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, betaine, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{ - })</span> production rate and cell membrane permeability of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> rose with increases in salt concentration and pH. There were differences between the treatment groups and the control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes initially increased and then decreased, but catalase activity continued to increase. The plant height, main root length, stem thickness, branch number, lateral root number and root, stem and leaf biomass were significantly decreased compared with the control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In regard to biomass, the proportion of root biomass increased, but the proportions of stem and leaf biomass decreased. The correlations between the salt component ions and the above plant characteristics indicated complex effects of salt composition on the functional characteristics of <i>B. dasyphylla</i>. This study suggests that salt-alkaline environments inhibited the functional characteristics of <i>B. dasyphylla</i> and negatively affected several physiological responses and morphological plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460586x
A. Ali Naghizadeh, M. Mahmoudi Zarandi, S. M. R. Khoshroo, F. Hasanzadeh Davarani
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a valuable crop, suffers greatly from salt stress. This study investigates the potential of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized using Aloe vera extract to relieve the harmful effects of salt stress on spinach seed germination and growth. The experiment evaluated various seed germination and plant growth characteristics of spinach cultivar Viroflay RZ under five Ag-NP concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, and 100 ppm) and four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) in a controlled laboratory setting. This studymeasured seed germination percentage, rate and relative germination, vigor indices, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Data analysis revealed that salinity stress significantly inhibited seed germination and all other studied parameters, especially at higher salt concentrations. The impact of green Ag-NPs on these traits varied considerably under salt stress. A complex statistical model showed a non-linear relationship between Ag-NP concentration and its effect, with an optimal concentration potentially alleviating the negative effects of salt stress. The study suggests that pre-treating spinach seeds with green Ag-NPs at an optimized concentration might enhance their tolerance to salt stress, potentially improving germination and growth under saline conditions. This research promotes using eco-friendly nanotechnology to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Green Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Physiological Parameters of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Salt Stress","authors":"A. Ali Naghizadeh, M. Mahmoudi Zarandi, S. M. R. Khoshroo, F. Hasanzadeh Davarani","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460586x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460586x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.), a valuable crop, suffers greatly from salt stress. This study investigates the potential of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized using <i>Aloe vera</i> extract to relieve the harmful effects of salt stress on spinach seed germination and growth. The experiment evaluated various seed germination and plant growth characteristics of spinach cultivar Viroflay RZ under five Ag-NP concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, and 100 ppm) and four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) in a controlled laboratory setting. This studymeasured seed germination percentage, rate and relative germination, vigor indices, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Data analysis revealed that salinity stress significantly inhibited seed germination and all other studied parameters, especially at higher salt concentrations. The impact of green Ag-NPs on these traits varied considerably under salt stress. A complex statistical model showed a non-linear relationship between Ag-NP concentration and its effect, with an optimal concentration potentially alleviating the negative effects of salt stress. The study suggests that pre-treating spinach seeds with green Ag-NPs at an optimized concentration might enhance their tolerance to salt stress, potentially improving germination and growth under saline conditions. This research promotes using eco-friendly nanotechnology to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s102144372460555x
D. Q. Deng, J. Fan, L. Cao, W. Ma, X. C. Meng
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism is profoundly influenced by environmental stress. Low-temperature stress can induce the production of NO and ROS. The root of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao is commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia. This study aimed to regulate the secondary metabolism and improve the quality of cultivated A. membranaceus var. mongolicus by subjecting it to different temperatures (5, 20, and 5/20°C). The activities and gene expressions of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including PAL, CHS, HMGR, SQS, were determined. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the contents of NO, superoxide radical (({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and five secondary metabolites were measured. Low-temperature stress of 5°C significantly increased NOS activities and NO contents, which led to a considerable surge in the levels of ({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }}), H2O2, and MDA. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, increased rapidly and peaked on the 2nd and 3rd days. The gene expressions and activities of PAL, CHS, HMGR, and SQS were also markedly enhanced, which led to a substantial increase in all secondary metabolites. In the 5°C treatment group, calyculin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV were increased by 45.6, 36.6, 97.9, 123.4, and 74.9%, respectively, compared with the 20°C treatment group. Thus, low-temperature stress can significantly improve the secondary metabolism of A. membranaceus var. mongolicus, enhance the accumulation of medicinal chemical components, and augment the quality of the herb.
摘要 植物次生代谢受环境胁迫的影响很大。低温胁迫可诱导 NO 和 ROS 的产生。膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao）是亚洲常用的药材。本研究旨在通过在不同温度（5、20 和 5/20°C）下栽培膜荚黄芪（A. membranaceus var. mongolicus Hsiao），调节其次生代谢并改善其品质。测定了催化次生代谢物合成的酶的活性和基因表达，包括 PAL、CHS、HMGR 和 SQS。测定了一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性、NO、超氧自由基（({text{O}}_{2}^{bullet - }}）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（MDA）和五种次生代谢产物的含量。5°C的低温胁迫显著提高了NOS活性和NO含量，从而导致({text{O}}_{2}^{bullet - }}）、H2O2和MDA的水平大幅上升。此外，SOD、CAT 和 POD 的活性也迅速增加，并在第 2 天和第 3 天达到峰值。PAL、CHS、HMGR 和 SQS 的基因表达和活性也明显增强，从而导致所有次生代谢物的大量增加。与 20°C 处理组相比，5°C 处理组的钙苷-7-葡萄糖苷、芒柄苷、钙苷、甲芒柄苷和黄芪苷 IV 分别增加了 45.6%、36.6%、97.9%、123.4% 和 74.9%。因此，低温胁迫能显著改善膜衣壳变种的次生代谢，促进药用化学成分的积累，提高药材品质。
{"title":"Effect of Low-Temperature Stress on Secondary Metabolism of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus Hsiao","authors":"D. Q. Deng, J. Fan, L. Cao, W. Ma, X. C. Meng","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460555x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460555x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Plant secondary metabolism is profoundly influenced by environmental stress. Low-temperature stress can induce the production of NO and ROS. The root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Bge. var. <i>mongolicus</i> Hsiao is commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia. This study aimed to regulate the secondary metabolism and improve the quality of cultivated <i>A. membranaceus</i> var. <i>mongolicus</i> by subjecting it to different temperatures (5, 20, and 5/20°C). The activities and gene expressions of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including PAL, CHS, HMGR, SQS, were determined. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the contents of NO, superoxide radical (<span>({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})</span>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and five secondary metabolites were measured. Low-temperature stress of 5°C significantly increased NOS activities and NO contents, which led to a considerable surge in the levels of <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{{bullet - }})</span>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and MDA. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, increased rapidly and peaked on the 2nd and 3rd days. The gene expressions and activities of PAL, CHS, HMGR, and SQS were also markedly enhanced, which led to a substantial increase in all secondary metabolites. In the 5°C treatment group, calyculin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV were increased by 45.6, 36.6, 97.9, 123.4, and 74.9%, respectively, compared with the 20°C treatment group. Thus, low-temperature stress can significantly improve the secondary metabolism of <i>A. membranaceus</i> var. <i>mongolicus</i>, enhance the accumulation of medicinal chemical components, and augment the quality of the herb.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605317
K. M. Nikerova, N. A. Galibina, I. N. Sofronova, A. V. Klimova, L. I. Semenova
Abstract
The actual study is the description of the biochemical characteristics of a wide range of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) and metabolites (malondialdehyde, phenols, extractives, cellulose, lignin), as well as the profiles of their activities during the xylem structural elements’ formation during the predominance of differentiation processes during straight-grained wood formation or proliferation while the figured wood formation in the radial row cambial zone (Fraction 1)—differentiating xylem (Fraction 2)—mature xylem (MX) in the period of active cambial growth in 16-year-old straight-grained Betula pendula var. pendula and figured Betula pendula var. carelica plants. We generalized the processes associated with abnormal xylogenesis were separated spatially, and, to the greatest extent, the metabolism of the studied birch forms differed in the Fraction 2, while the diagnostic contribution of secondary metabolism enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) probably characterized the active secondary metabolism of parenchyma cells, which formed figured wood basis. This study described for the first time the biochemical features of a wide range of enzymes and metabolites as well as the profiles of their activities in the xylem structural elements’ formation. The necessity of separately analyzing all tissue complexes was proven. This approach made possible to separate the generally observed biochemical patterns spatially. Thus, during the active cambial growth period in 16-year-old B. pendula var. pendula and B. pendula var. carelica, the differences between straight-grained plants and Karelian birch plants (non-figured and figured trunk parts) were most clearly expressed in the differentiating xylem.
{"title":"Enzyme and Metabolite Profiles Spatial Distribution under Different Xylogenesis Scenarios in Karelian Birch","authors":"K. M. Nikerova, N. A. Galibina, I. N. Sofronova, A. V. Klimova, L. I. Semenova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605317","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The actual study is the description of the biochemical characteristics of a wide range of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) and metabolites (malondialdehyde, phenols, extractives, cellulose, lignin), as well as the profiles of their activities during the xylem structural elements’ formation during the predominance of differentiation processes during straight-grained wood formation or proliferation while the figured wood formation in the radial row cambial zone (Fraction 1)—differentiating xylem (Fraction 2)—mature xylem (MX) in the period of active cambial growth in 16-year-old straight-grained <i>Betula pendula</i> var. <i>pendula</i> and figured <i>Betula pendula</i> var. <i>carelica</i> plants. We generalized the processes associated with abnormal xylogenesis were separated spatially, and, to the greatest extent, the metabolism of the studied birch forms differed in the Fraction 2, while the diagnostic contribution of secondary metabolism enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) probably characterized the active secondary metabolism of parenchyma cells, which formed figured wood basis. This study described for the first time the biochemical features of a wide range of enzymes and metabolites as well as the profiles of their activities in the xylem structural elements’ formation. The necessity of separately analyzing all tissue complexes was proven. This approach made possible to separate the generally observed biochemical patterns spatially. Thus, during the active cambial growth period in 16-year-old <i>B. pendula</i> var. <i>pendula</i> and <i>B. pendula</i> var. <i>carelica</i>, the differences between straight-grained plants and Karelian birch plants (non-figured and figured trunk parts) were most clearly expressed in the differentiating xylem.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724605640
N. Wang, H. Chen
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii Coss., an invasive weed, has a detrimental impact on the winter wheat cultivation areas of China. Understanding how drought influences competitive ability of A. tauschii can help identify traits related to its invasiveness and guide management. Slight, moderate, and severe soil drought stress conditions were established using potted weighing and water control methods. Concurrently, the de Wit replacement experiment was conducted to assess changes in morphological structure, biomass allocation, and physiological characteristics under varying intensities of soil drought stress. Based on observations of alterations in plant height, total leaf area, and total biomass, two-factor variance analysis revealed that soil drought inhibited the growth and development of both A. tauschii and Triticum aestivum L. (‘Xinmai 32’). Furthermore, one-factor variance analysis revealed that A. tauschii and wheat responded to soil drought stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content. However, as drought severity escalated, chlorophyll content in A. tauschii and wheat declined significantly, while relative electrical conductivity (REC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) content increased markedly. The results of the fuzzy membership function indicated that A. tauschii exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the tested wheat variety. Lastly, considering adjustments in the corrected index of relative competition intensity (CRCI), it was observed that soil drought amplified the competitive inhibition of A. tauschii on wheat. In short, A. tauschii was more tolerant of the soil drought stress than wheat through the favorable adjustment of morphology, biomass allocation pattern and physiological features, and soil drought intensified its competitive inhibition on wheat.
摘要 冬小麦外来入侵杂草Aegilops tauschii Coss.对中国冬小麦种植区产生了有害影响。了解干旱如何影响A. tauschii的竞争能力有助于识别其入侵性相关性状并指导管理。利用盆栽称重和控水方法建立了轻度、中度和重度土壤干旱胁迫条件。同时，还进行了 de Wit 替换实验，以评估在不同强度的土壤干旱胁迫下形态结构、生物量分配和生理特征的变化。根据对植株高度、总叶面积和总生物量变化的观察，双因素方差分析显示土壤干旱抑制了 A. tauschii 和 Triticum aestivum L. （'新麦 32'）的生长发育。此外，单因素方差分析显示，太白金牛和小麦通过提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脯氨酸含量来应对土壤干旱胁迫。然而，随着干旱程度的加剧，A. tauschii 和小麦的叶绿素含量显著下降，而相对电导率（REC）和硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）含量则明显增加。模糊成员函数的结果表明，与测试的小麦品种相比，A. tauschii 表现出更强的耐旱性。最后，考虑到相对竞争强度校正指数（CRCI）的调整，观察到土壤干旱扩大了 A. tauschii 对小麦的竞争抑制作用。总之，通过对形态、生物量分配模式和生理特征的有利调整，稗草比小麦更能承受土壤干旱胁迫，土壤干旱加剧了其对小麦的竞争抑制。
{"title":"Effects of Soil Drought on Competitiveness of the Invasive Weed Aegilops tauschii","authors":"N. Wang, H. Chen","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605640","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Aegilops tauschii</i> Coss., an invasive weed, has a detrimental impact on the winter wheat cultivation areas of China. Understanding how drought influences competitive ability of <i>A. tauschii</i> can help identify traits related to its invasiveness and guide management. Slight, moderate, and severe soil drought stress conditions were established using potted weighing and water control methods. Concurrently, the de Wit replacement experiment was conducted to assess changes in morphological structure, biomass allocation, and physiological characteristics under varying intensities of soil drought stress. Based on observations of alterations in plant height, total leaf area, and total biomass, two-factor variance analysis revealed that soil drought inhibited the growth and development of both <i>A. tauschii</i> and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. (‘Xinmai 32’). Furthermore, one-factor variance analysis revealed that <i>A. tauschii</i> and wheat responded to soil drought stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content. However, as drought severity escalated, chlorophyll content in <i>A. tauschii</i> and wheat declined significantly, while relative electrical conductivity (REC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) content increased markedly. The results of the fuzzy membership function indicated that <i>A. tauschii</i> exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the tested wheat variety. Lastly, considering adjustments in the corrected index of relative competition intensity (CRCI), it was observed that soil drought amplified the competitive inhibition of <i>A. tauschii</i> on wheat. In short, <i>A. tauschii</i> was more tolerant of the soil drought stress than wheat through the favorable adjustment of morphology, biomass allocation pattern and physiological features, and soil drought intensified its competitive inhibition on wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604786
S. M’rah, R. Ben Mansour, L. Guesmi, C. Chaffei-Haouari
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) is a toxic heavy metal that is widespread throughout the environment. It is a subject of interest to environmental scientists because of its toxicity to plants, animals, and humans. The current work aims to evaluate the effects of Cd2+ on the production of phenolic compounds and morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of Lupinus albus L. plants exposed to Cd2+ at 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Cd2+ induced negative effect on growth especially at the dose of 150 µM. Cd2+ also induced chlorosis and reduced photosynthetic activity. Besides, the metal increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Under Cd2+ toxicity (50, 100, and 150 µM), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased or not significantly affected, while at 150 µM Cd2+ affected the activity of these enzymes. At the highest Cd2+ level (150 µM), proline and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were markedly increased in leaves and roots of L. albus. Our results suggest that L. albus plants produced phenolic compounds with reducing capacity as a selective mechanism triggered by the highest activity of Cd2+.
{"title":"Interactive Effects of Cadmium on Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Oxidative Stress in Lupinus albus L. Grown in Vitro","authors":"S. M’rah, R. Ben Mansour, L. Guesmi, C. Chaffei-Haouari","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604786","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) is a toxic heavy metal that is widespread throughout the environment. It is a subject of interest to environmental scientists because of its toxicity to plants, animals, and humans. The current work aims to evaluate the effects of Cd<sup>2+</sup> on the production of phenolic compounds and morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of <i>Lupinus albus</i> L. plants exposed to Cd<sup>2+</sup> at 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 μM CdCl<sub>2</sub> for 7 days. Cd<sup>2+</sup> induced negative effect on growth especially at the dose of 150 µM. Cd<sup>2+</sup> also induced chlorosis and reduced photosynthetic activity. Besides, the metal increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Under Cd<sup>2+</sup> toxicity (50, 100, and 150 µM), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased or not significantly affected, while at 150 µM Cd<sup>2+</sup> affected the activity of these enzymes. At the highest Cd<sup>2+</sup> level (150 µM), proline and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were markedly increased in leaves and roots of <i>L. albus</i>. Our results suggest that <i>L. albus</i> plants produced phenolic compounds with reducing capacity as a selective mechanism triggered by the highest activity of Cd<sup>2+</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603695
S. Ngxabi, M. O. Jimoh, C. P. Laubscher, L. Kambizi
Abstract
Many studies have examined the morphological and micromorphological responses of different halophytes to determine their salt tolerance mechanisms. However, few studies have focused on the South African edible halophytes. This study examined the leaf micromorphology, elemental composition, and anatomical responses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to examine salt tolerance levels in Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth. The treatments included varying sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM, while control (0 mM) was watered with nutrient solution only. From the SEM micrographs, salt glands were observed protruding from the epidermis along the vascular system under low salinity and salt crystals appeared under higher concentrations, which makes this plant maintain cellular homeostasis under high salinity, and the plant can be classified as a recretohalophyte. Stomatal distribution, stomatal density and the number of open stomata decreased with increasing salinity. EDX revealed the presence of some important elements such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and more in the leaves. The results showed that increased salinity led to a decrease in the percentage composition of P, K and Ca2+, while Mg2+ was high under the control and low salinity (50 mM), decreased under 100 mM and increased again with increasing salinity. On the contrary, increasing salinity caused an increase in Na+ and Cl- in a stable manner. These findings reveal that T.ciliata acquires salt tolerance through changes to its leaf surface properties, osmotic adjustment, and the regulation of Na+ uptake and distribution in the leaves.
{"title":"Leaf Micromorphological Assessment, Chemical Composition and Anatomical Responses of Trachyandra ciliata (L.F) Kunth to Different Degrees of Salinity","authors":"S. Ngxabi, M. O. Jimoh, C. P. Laubscher, L. Kambizi","doi":"10.1134/s1021443723603695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443723603695","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Many studies have examined the morphological and micromorphological responses of different halophytes to determine their salt tolerance mechanisms. However, few studies have focused on the South African edible halophytes. This study examined the leaf micromorphology, elemental composition, and anatomical responses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to examine salt tolerance levels in <i>Trachyandra ciliata</i> (L.F) Kunth. The treatments included varying sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM, while control (0 mM) was watered with nutrient solution only. From the SEM micrographs, salt glands were observed protruding from the epidermis along the vascular system under low salinity and salt crystals appeared under higher concentrations, which makes this plant maintain cellular homeostasis under high salinity, and the plant can be classified as a recretohalophyte. Stomatal distribution, stomatal density and the number of open stomata decreased with increasing salinity. EDX revealed the presence of some important elements such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and more in the leaves. The results showed that increased salinity led to a decrease in the percentage composition of P, K and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, while Mg<sup>2+</sup> was high under the control and low salinity (50 mM), decreased under 100 mM and increased again with increasing salinity. On the contrary, increasing salinity caused an increase in Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> in a stable manner. These findings reveal that <i>T.</i> <i>ciliata</i> acquires salt tolerance through changes to its leaf surface properties, osmotic adjustment, and the regulation of Na<sup>+</sup> uptake and distribution in the leaves.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号