Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde最新文献

Introduction: Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Its prevalence, distribution, and reservoirs are not yet clearly defined. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence and genomic characteristics of E. albertii in livestock from Switzerland. A total of 515 caecal samples from sheep, cattle, calves, and fattening swine were collected between May 2022 and August 2022 at abattoir level. Using an E. albertii-specific PCR targeting the Eacdt-gene, 23,7 % (51/215) of swine from 24 different farms were positive. One (1 %) out of 100 calves showed a positive PCR result, while all samples from sheep and cattle were PCR negative. Eight E. albertii isolates could be recovered from swine samples and were analysed using whole-genome sequencing. All eight isolates belonged to ST2087 or a ST4619 group subclade, as did most genomes of the 11 available global swine isolates from public databases. These two clusters shared the presence of a virulence plasmid harboring the sitABCD and iuc genes. In summary, we demonstrate that fattening swine constitute an E. albertii reservoir in Switzerland and describe specific swine-associated lineages.

Introduction: With every surgical procedure there is a risk of postoperative infection (surgical site infection = SSI). This risk of infection can be influenced by various factors, including perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. In terms of antibiotic stewardship, antibiotics should only be used if there is a proven benefit for the patient. However, this advantage has not yet been conclusively proven, especially for clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. The aim of our study was to document various relevant influencing factors on the infection rate after clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in dogs and cats. In particular, it was documented to what extent a reduced use of antibiotics affects the infection rate in the context of all influencing factors. Over a period of eleven months, 807 clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in dogs and cats were prospectively analyzed with possible influencing factors (gender, ASA classification, underlying endocrinological diseases, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, type of surgery, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (POA), duration of hospitalization) affecting the infection rate. After surgery all cases were followed up either 30 or 90 days, if implants were used. The effect of the various factors was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. SSI was detected in 25/664 clean and 10/143 clean-contaminated surgeries. Longer hospitalization, without antimicrobial prophylaxis, and male animals had a significantly higher risk of SSI. In clean surgeries, SSI occurred in 2,3 % of all cases with POA and 5,3 % without POA. The SSI in clean-contaminated was 3,6 % with POA and 9 % without. This difference resulted mainly from the results of osteosynthesis, gastrointestinal and skin surgeries. However, other types of surgeries, such as castrations, neurological interventions, abdominal and thoracic surgeries, and surgeries in the head and neck region, showed comparable infection rates with and without POA.

Introduction: Lifespan and time of death of dogs died in Switzerland between 2016 and 2020 were evaluated in order to increase the awareness of the public to animal welfare-related consequences of extreme brachycephalic breeding and to clarify the torture breeding problem of dogs suffering from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Skull shape, body size, country of origin and altitude of the registered place of residence at the time of death were analysed in a set of anonymized data from the national animal database Amicus as potential factors influencing the life expectancy. Death rate during summer months and the altitude of the reported place of residence at death were analysed in relation to the skull shape to demonstrate the heat intolerance of brachycephalic dog breeds. The final dataset included 137 469 dogs. The average age of death of the study population was 11,8 years, mixed breeds reaching a higher average age of 12,4 years than purebred dogs with 11,5 years. Bodyweight classification, skull shape and the origin of the dogs had a significant effect on the average lifespan. Giant breeds reached with 9,0 years the lowest mean age compared to the other bodyweight categories. The mean life expectancy of brachycephalic dogs was 9,8 years, i.e., 2,1 and 1,7 years less than mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs, respectively. Brachycephalic dogs and dogs imported from abroad showed increased mortality at a young age.

Introduction: With every surgical procedure there is a risk of postoperative infection (surgical site infection = SSI). This risk of infection can be influenced by various factors, including perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. In terms of antibiotic stewardship, antibiotics should only be used if there is a proven benefit for the patient. However, this advantage has not yet been conclusively proven, especially for clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. The aim of our study was to document various relevant influencing factors on the infection rate after clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in dogs and cats. In particular, it was documented to what extent a reduced use of antibiotics affects the infection rate in the context of all influencing factors. Over a period of eleven months, 807 clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in dogs and cats were prospectively analyzed with possible influencing factors (gender, ASA classification, underlying endocrinological diseases, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, type of surgery, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (POA), duration of hospitalization) affecting the infection rate. After surgery all cases were followed up either 30 or 90 days, if implants were used. The effect of the various factors was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. SSI was detected in 25/664 clean and 10/143 clean-contaminated surgeries. Longer hospitalization, without antimicrobial prophylaxis, and male animals had a significantly higher risk of SSI. In clean surgeries, SSI occurred in 2,3 % of all cases with POA and 5,3 % without POA. The SSI in clean-contaminated was 3,6 % with POA and 9 % without. This difference resulted mainly from the results of osteosynthesis, gastrointestinal and skin surgeries. However, other types of surgeries, such as castrations, neurological interventions, abdominal and thoracic surgeries, and surgeries in the head and neck region, showed comparable infection rates with and without POA.

Introduction: Knowledge of the obligate intracellular bacteria from the Chlamydiaceae family has increased significantly in recent years. Not only new chlamydia species, such as Chlamydia avium or C. buteonis in birds have been described, but also known chlamydia in new host species, such as C. psittaci in horses. This review article provides an up-to-date overview of the zoonotic potential of C. psittaci, C. abortus, C. caviae and C. felis and summarizes current findings on other chlamydia species in different animal species; supplemented by information on optimal sampling and pathogen detection.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to investigate the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in healthy and ill cows and their newborn calves. A total of 40 cows and their 42 newborn calves were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 19 clinically healthy cows and their 20 newborn calves, and group 2 comprised 21 cows that had had a chronic illness in the third trimester of gestation and their 22 newborn calves. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system was used to measure the HCC in hair samples that were collected from the cows and calves on the day the calves were born. In both groups, the mean HCCs of the calves was significantly higher than that of the cows (group 1, 31,0 vs. 0,6 pg/mg; group 2, 19,4 vs. 0,8 pg/mg; P.

Introduction: This case report describes a 14-year-old, male castrated York Shire Terrier, which was presented due to stranguria and tenesmus. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan raised a high suspicion of a persistent mullerian duct. During laparotomy structures were found that were suspected to be a persistent ovary and uterus. The abnormal uterus was filled with fluid and had a blind end on both sides. The abnormal structures were surgically removed and pathologically examined. Pathology confirmed a persistent mullerian duct. The patient recovered well from the surgery and was able to urinate spontaneously the same day and was discharged the next day.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current use of antibiotics by Swiss equine veterinarians and to compare the results with a similar study from 2013 before the introduction of the web tool Antibiotic Scout. The survey was sent to equine veterinarians according to the member database of the Swiss Veterinary Association (GST, SVS). The demographic data of the respondents and their antibiotics usage were collected. In addition, six different case scenarios were presented with questions to their potential antibiotic usage, active substance/preparation and the dosing scheme. The dosage provided was compared with the dosage information approved by Swissmedic in the information for healthcare professionals and the recommendations of the antibiotic scout. A backward logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between different aspects of antibiotic use and demographic data. The response rate was 94/739 (13 %), 22 of the 94 (23 %) had also participated in the 2013 study. 47/94 (50 %) of the respondents obtained their information from the antibiotic scout. The respondents indicated that they used an antibiotic in 16 %-88 % depending on the case scenario. Neither 3rd nor 4th generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones were used in the case scenarios. Dihydrostreptomycin was indicated as a possible antibiotic in a case scenario by 14/94 (15 %) of the respondents. Respondents who had already taken part in the 2013 survey used dihydrostreptomycin significantly more frequently (7/22, 32 % vs. 7/72, 10 %; p = 0,047). 29/81 (36 %) had underdosed compared to the prescribing information and 38/81 (47 %) compared to the antibiotic scout; neither was associated with demographic data. The use of non-equine-licensed antimicrobial products was directly related to the number of veterinarians in the practice (p = 0,007) and to the percentage of horses (p = 0,02). No association between demographics and peri-operative antibiotic use >24h (17/44, 39 %) was detected. The antibiotic prescribing habits of Swiss equine veterinarians have improved over the last 10 years. The antibiotic use decreased compared to the study of Schwechler et al. in 2013 by 0-16 % depending on the case scenario. The use of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins was reduced by 4 % and fluoroquinolones by 7 %. Underdosing according to scientific recommendations was reduced by 32 %. Furthermore, there is a need for additional information regarding the indication for antimicrobial use and the adequate use of perioperative antibiotics.