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[Phytotherapeutic treatments of gynecological diseases and fertility disorders in cattle - a veterinary historical analysis]. [牛妇科疾病和生育障碍的植物治疗——兽医历史分析]。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00367
L Steiner, U Jenny, G Hirsbrunner, M Walkenhorst

Introduction: Fertility problems are the main reasons for culling dairy cows. Diseases of the female genital tract are also often the cause of antibiotic or hormonal treatments in bovine practices. The use of medicinal plants could expand the available therapeutics. The aim of the work was to analyze historical literature before the introduction of antibiotics in veterinary reproductive medicine. Five books in German language, published in Germany and Switzerland between 1878 and 1921, and one handwritten therapy booklet by the rural veterinarian Carl Ammann-Honegger (1879-1960) were systematically examined regarding the descriptions (AW) on gynecological diseases. The herbal and additional ingredients of the recipe, the target animal species, the type of administration and the indication were recorded in detail for each AW. The six literature sources contained a total of 103 AW (79 administered orally, 13 locally, and 11 both orally and locally). Almost two thirds of the AW (61) were based on a mixture of different plants (two to seven plants), and one third of the AW (31) on a single plant. A total of 55 plants were recorded. The most frequently mentioned medical plants were plants of the genus Juniperus (J. communis L. (19 AW), J. sabina L. (13 AW)) and Linum usitatissimum L. (18 AW), Matricaria chamomilla L. (13 AW) and Gentiana lutea L. (12 AW). The treatment of the Retentio secundinarum was the most frequently mentioned indication (44 AW), followed by parturition preparation (17 AW) and endometritis treatment (15 AW). The most frequently recorded plants can be divided based on their ingredients and their effect into (a) energy- and protein-rich forage plants, (b) generally appetizing, digestive- and metabolism-enhancing plants, (c) medical plants with a specific gynecological organotrophic effect and (d) according to current knowledge, predominantly toxic plants. Besides the antimicrobial active immunity to defence against bacterial infections, a stable barrier funcion of the endometrium contributes to uterine health. The plants classified under (a) - (c) have at least the potential for a positive effect on the immune system and the endometrial barrier function and thus contribute indirectly to the uterine health.

生育问题是淘汰奶牛的主要原因。在牛的实践中,女性生殖道疾病也常常是抗生素或激素治疗的原因。药用植物的使用可以扩大现有的治疗方法。这项工作的目的是分析在兽医生殖医学引入抗生素之前的历史文献。1878年至1921年间在德国和瑞士出版的五本德语书,以及农村兽医Carl Ammann-Honegger(1879-1960)撰写的一本手写治疗小册子,系统地检查了有关妇科病的描述(AW)。每种AW的草药和附加成分、靶动物物种、给药类型和适应症均被详细记录。6个文献来源共包含103个AW(79个口服给药,13个局部给药,11个同时口服和局部给药)。几乎三分之二的人工智能(61种)是基于不同植物的混合物(2到7种植物),三分之一的人工智能(31种)是基于单一植物。共记录到55种植物。最常被提及的药用植物是杜松属植物(J. communis L. (19 AW), sabina L. (13 AW))和Linum usitatissimum L. (18 AW), chamomilla L. (13 AW)和龙胆lutea L. (12 AW)。继发性子宫保留的治疗是最常提到的适应症(44 AW),其次是分娩准备(17 AW)和子宫内膜炎治疗(15 AW)。根据其成分和作用,最常记录的植物可分为(a)富含能量和蛋白质的饲料植物,(b)一般开胃,消化和代谢增强植物,(c)具有特定妇科有机营养作用的药用植物和(d)根据目前的知识,主要是有毒植物。除了抗微生物活性免疫防御细菌感染外,子宫内膜稳定的屏障功能有助于子宫健康。(a) - (c)分类的植物至少对免疫系统和子宫内膜屏障功能有潜在的积极作用,因此间接有助于子宫健康。
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引用次数: 1
Particle size distribution in commercial pig compound feeds in Switzerland: survey and methodological considerations. 瑞士商品猪复合饲料的粒度分布:调查和方法学考虑。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00366
M Bertsch, M Terranova, M Kreuzer, M Clauss

Introduction: The grinding intensity of pig feed is considered one potential predisposing factor for gastric ulcers, and a variety of particle size recommendations have been published for pig feeds. We subjected 51 different commercial compound feeds for pigs (38 meals, 13 pellets/granulates) to dry and/or wet sieve analysis. The amount of particles passing the finest sieve (or being soluble) was estimated by the difference to the total dry matter weighed prior to sieving. Mean particle size was calculated based on the weighted average of the material retained on the sieves (MPSsieves), and additionally with accounting for this lost material (MPStotal). Dry sieve analysis of the meals yielded MPSsieves of 0,58-2,90 mm and MPStotal of 0,58-2,89 mm; only 0,02 to 2,71 % of the dry matter passed all sieves. Wet sieve analysis of all meals and pellets yielded similar MPSsieves of 0,63-1,66 mm, but dramatically lower MPStotal of 0,26-1,04 mm; between 35 and 66 % of the dry matter was not retained on the sieves. Pellets had smaller MPS, and a higher proportion of particles passing all sieves than meals. Depending on the reference used, a maximum of 26 % of meals conformed to recommendations for pig feed particle size. None of the pelleted feeds met these criteria, irrespective of the source consulted for the recommendation. Wet sieving should be considered the standard analysis, because in dry sieving, very fine particles adhering to larger particles may not be registered separately but contribute erroneously to larger particle weight. In addition, the MPS calculation should account for material lost through the finest sieve. Reasons why Swiss pig feed does not meet particle size recommendations should be further investigated.

猪饲料的研磨强度被认为是胃溃疡的一个潜在诱发因素,已经发表了各种猪饲料粒度建议。我们对51种不同的猪用商业复合饲料(38种饲料,13种颗粒/颗粒)进行干筛和/或湿筛分析。通过最细筛(或可溶)的颗粒的数量是通过筛分前称重的总干物质的差来估计的。平均粒径是根据保留在筛上的物质的加权平均值(MPSsieves)计算的,另外还考虑了损失的物质(MPStotal)。干筛法测定粗粉的mpsieves为0.58 ~ 2.90 mm, MPStotal为0.58 ~ 2.89 mm;只有0.2% ~ 2.71%的干物质通过了所有筛检。湿筛分析所得的颗粒料和颗粒料均为0.63 - 1.66 mm,但颗粒料总粒径显著低于0.26 - 1.04 mm;35%到66%的干物质没有保留在筛子上。与正餐相比,颗粒的MPS更小,颗粒通过所有筛分的比例更高。根据所使用的参考,最多26%的饲料符合猪饲料粒度的建议。没有一种颗粒饲料符合这些标准,不管建议的来源是什么。湿筛应考虑标准分析,因为在干筛中,附着在较大颗粒上的非常细的颗粒可能不会单独登记,但会错误地导致较大的颗粒重量。此外,MPS计算应考虑通过最细筛的材料损失。瑞士猪饲料不符合推荐粒度的原因应进一步调查。
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引用次数: 1
[Mandibular fractures in cattle - a review of 108 cases]. [108例牛下颌骨骨折的回顾性分析]。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00364
I Zimmermann, M Hässig, K Nuss

Introduction: Mandibular fractures are among the most common fractures in cattle. The medical records of 108 cattle with a mandibular fracture, that were referred to the University of Zurich Veterinary Hospital from 2005 to 2019, were analysed to document the types of treatment, complications and long-term outcomes. Cattle, still alive at the time of retrospective analysis, underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. A fall was the single most common cause of a mandibular fracture (48,1 %), and a third of all cattle had a concomitant disease at the time of referral. Seventy-five cattle (69,4 %) had a single fracture, 26 (24,1 %) had two fractures and seven (6,5 %) had three fractures of the mandible. The molar part of the mandibular body was most commonly (40,7 %) fractured followed by the diastema (23,6 %), the pars incisiva (13,4 %), the ramus (12,1 %) and the symphysis (10,2 %) of the mandible. The majority of cattle (84/108, 77,8 %) had open fractures. Treatment was instituted in 63/108 animals (58,3 %) with 77/148 fractures. Of these fractures, 28 were treated with plate osteosynthesis, 25 with an external fixator, 8 with cerclage wire, 7 using mixed techniques, 4 with fragment excision, 4 underwent conservative treatment and one a mucosal suture. In total, 45/108 animals (41,7 %) were culled because of multiple fractures, concomitant diseases and because of economic reasons. Complications occurred in 34 (54,0 %) treated cattle; 22 had abnormal wound healing of which 18 developed osteomyelitis complicated by a sequestrum (14). Of the treated 63 cattle, 56 (88,9 %) were discharged. The mean postoperative productive life was 46 ± 29,2 months for animals that were deceased at the time of the study. Thirteen of the cattle with a sequestrum remained in the herd for 15 to 92 months (mean, 47 months) and one for 2 months. The life expectancy after treatment did not differ significantly from that of the Brown Swiss and Swiss Holstein dairy cattle populations, where the cattle of this study mainly came from. Eleven cattle were available for long-term follow-up; all had a good general health status but nine had dental abnormalities including missing teeth, steps or enamel points, which did not noticeably affect the body condition of the animals. Surgical treatment of selected mandibular fractures had a favourable prognosis (52/63 healed, 82,5 %) in cattle.

下颌骨骨折是牛最常见的骨折之一。研究人员分析了2005年至2019年在苏黎世大学兽医医院转诊的108头下颌骨折牛的医疗记录,以记录治疗类型、并发症和长期结果。在回顾性分析时仍然活着的牛进行了临床和放射检查。跌倒是下颌骨折最常见的单一原因(48.1%),三分之一的牛在转诊时伴有疾病。75头牛(69.4%)单侧骨折,26头牛(24.1%)双侧骨折,7头牛(6.5%)三侧骨折。下颌体的磨牙部分骨折发生率最高(40.7%),其次为裂口(23.6%)、切部(13.4%)、支(12.1%)和联合(10.2%)。大多数牛(84/ 108,77,8%)有开放性骨折。63/108只动物(58.3%)接受治疗,77/148只骨折。在这些骨折中,28例采用钢板固定,25例采用外固定架,8例采用环扎钢丝,7例采用混合技术,4例采用碎片切除,4例采用保守治疗,1例采用粘膜缝合。108只动物中有45只(41.7%)因多发骨折、伴发疾病和经济原因被扑杀。34头(54.0%)治疗牛出现并发症;22例伤口愈合异常,其中18例发展为骨髓炎并发骨骺(14)。治疗的63头牛中,56头(88.9%)出院。在研究时死亡的动物的平均术后生产寿命为46±29.2个月。其中有13头牛在畜群中停留了15 - 92个月(平均47个月),1头停留了2个月。治疗后的预期寿命与布朗瑞士和瑞士荷斯坦奶牛群体没有显着差异,这是本研究中牛的主要来源。11头牛可供长期随访;所有动物的总体健康状况都很好,但有9只牙齿异常,包括缺牙、缺台阶或缺牙尖,这些都没有明显影响动物的身体状况。牛下颌骨骨折的手术治疗预后良好(52/63愈合,82.5%)。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and whole genome-based phylogenetic, virulence and antibiotic -resistance characteristics of nasal -Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Swiss horses. 健康瑞士马鼻金黄色葡萄球菌的流行、全基因组系统发育、毒力和抗生素耐药性特征
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00360
J I Hurni, S Kaiser-Thom, V Gerber, J E Keller, A Collaud, J Fernandez, S Schwendener, V Perreten

Introduction: A total of 100 nasal swabs were collected from healthy horses in Switzerland between January 2020 and August 2020. The samples were taken from horses at 40 different stables in 12 different cantons and screened for both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) using selective agar plates. S. aureus were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and for virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and phylogenetic characteristics using whole genome sequence analysis. Ten horses were found to be positive (10 %, CI: 95 %, 0,0552 - 0,1744) for S. aureus, and four of them harboured MRSA (4 %, CI: 95 %, CI: 1,5 % - 9 %). The MRSA were detected in horses from three different stables in the same region of one canton and MSSA were detected in horses from five different cantons. All the MRSA isolates were genetically related (ST398-t011-IVa), while the MSSA were diverse (ST1-t127/t398/t1508, ST816-t1294, ST133-t1403, ST30-t012). MRSA showed resistance to penicillin (blaZ), cefoxitin (mecA), trimethoprim (dfrK), gentamicin, kanamycin (aac(6')-Ie - aph(2'')-Ia), and tetracycline (tet(M)). MSSA were resistant to either none or one of the antibiotics tested like penicillin (blaZ) and erythromycin (erm(T)). Virulence genes were more abundant in MSSA than in MRSA. This study provides first insight into the prevalence and type of S. aureus in healthy Swiss horses and reveals a source of strains, which may cause infections in both horses and humans.

在2020年1月至2020年8月期间,从瑞士的健康马身上共收集了100份鼻拭子。样本取自12个州40个不同马厩的马,采用选择性琼脂平板筛选耐甲氧西林(MRSA)和敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)。采用最小抑制浓度(MIC)法检测金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素敏感性,采用全基因组序列分析检测毒力因子、抗生素耐药基因和系统发育特征。10匹马金黄色葡萄球菌阳性(10%,CI: 95%, 0,0552 ~ 0,1744),其中4匹马携带MRSA (4%, CI: 95%, CI: 1,5 % ~ 9%)。在一个州同一地区的三个不同马厩的马中检测到MRSA,在五个不同州的马中检测到MSSA。所有MRSA分离株均具有遗传相关性(ST398-t011-IVa),而MSSA存在差异(ST1-t127/t398/t1508、ST816-t1294、ST133-t1403、ST30-t012)。MRSA对青霉素(blaZ)、头孢西丁(mecA)、甲氧苄啶(dfrK)、庆大霉素、卡那霉素(aac(6′)- ie - aph(2′)- ia)和四环素(tet(M))均有耐药性。MSSA对青霉素(blaZ)和红霉素(erm(T))等抗生素不耐药或不耐药。毒力基因在MSSA中比在MRSA中更丰富。这项研究首次深入了解了健康瑞士马中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行程度和类型,并揭示了菌株的来源,这可能导致马和人感染。
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引用次数: 0
[Intramammary use of antibiotics in dairy farms in the canton of Ticino before, during and after Staphylococcus aureus genotype B elimination]. [提契诺州奶牛场在消除基因型B金黄色葡萄球菌之前、期间和之后的乳内抗生素使用情况]。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00361
M Vaccani, L Sesso, J Pont, G Schüpbach-Regula, M Bodmer

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of intramammary antibiotics before, during and after the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B (SAGTB). Data on intramammary antibiotic use was collected in 65 dairy farms as part of a pilot project for SAGTB elimination in the canton of Ticino from 2017 to 2019. The investigated farms were divided into 46 affected farms (with at least one SAGTB-positive animal) and 19 control farms (SAGTB-free farms). Data on antibiotic use were requested from veterinarians and treatment incidence, as a measure of antibiotic use, was calculated based on medical records and veterinary prescriptions. In addition, the treatment incidence was calculated for 47 farms during alpine farming period. In 2018 (elimination year), the mean incidence of treatment during lactation in the SAGTB-positive farms was significantly higher than in the control farms (p=0,003). In 2019 no significantly lower antibiotic use during lactation or dry period was detected between 2017 (before elimination) and 2019 (after elimination). Alpine farming places where only S. aureus genotype B-negative animals had access to had a significantly lower antibiotic use during lactation (p=0,004). The new federal database (Antibiotics Information System in Veterinary Medicine, IS ABV) should allow continuous monitoring and to confirm the reduction of antibiotic use in the coming years.

前言:本研究的目的是评估在消除基因型B金黄色葡萄球菌(SAGTB)之前、期间和之后乳腺内抗生素的使用情况。作为2017年至2019年提契诺州消除SAGTB试点项目的一部分,在65个奶牛场收集了乳内抗生素使用数据。被调查的农场分为46个受感染农场(至少有一只sagtb阳性动物)和19个对照农场(无sagtb农场)。要求兽医提供抗生素使用数据,并根据医疗记录和兽医处方计算作为抗生素使用衡量标准的治疗发生率。此外,还计算了47个养殖场在高寒农作期的处理发生率。2018年(消除年),sagtb阳性猪场哺乳期间治疗的平均发生率显著高于对照猪场(p= 0.003)。2019年,在2017年(消除前)和2019年(消除后)期间,未发现哺乳期或干燥期抗生素使用显著减少。只有金黄色葡萄球菌基因型b阴性动物能够进入的高山养殖场,在哺乳期抗生素的使用显著降低(p= 0.004)。新的联邦数据库(兽医抗生素信息系统,IS ABV)应该允许持续监测并确认在未来几年抗生素使用的减少。
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引用次数: 0
[Outcome of selective mating in the Entlebucher Mountain Dog for reduction of ureteral ectopia]. [选择交配减少输尿管异位对恩特布彻山犬的影响]。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00363
F Merz, M Gallana, S Hartnack, F Del Chicca, G Dolf, S Hungerbühler, K M Hittmair, R Dorsch, M Zaal, M Vink-Nooteboom, A Hartmann, A Pieńkowska-Schelling, C Schelling, I M Reichler

Introduction: The Entlebucher Mountain Dog is predisposed to ureteral ectopia and associated diseases of the urinary tract as well as the kidneys, which can have severe to lethal consequences. Due to the clustered occurrence of clinical signs in 11 % of Entlebucher Mountain dogs in the absence of a genetic test for ureteral ectopia, screening was introduced in 2008 to allow phenotype-based breeding selection. The ureteral orifices of the dogs are visualized by ultrasound and existing urinary retention or urinary incontinence is documented. The diagnostic findings were evaluated centrally with assignment to one of five phenotypes depending on the localization of the ureteral orifices and the renal and ureteral shape. Breeding approval and mating restrictions are the responsibility of the respective breeding associations and predominantly Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with extravesical ectopic ureters and/or clinical signs were excluded from breeding. The effect of phenotype-based selective mating on the incidence of ureteral ectopia and its clinical signs, as well as possible factors influencing the expression of the phenotype, were determined in the birth cohorts after the introduction of screening. Analysis of the data set of 1456 phenotyped Entlebucher Mountain Dogs showed, that at 11 % versus 5 %, males were more frequently assigned to the extravesical phenotype than females. The effect of phenotype-based breeding selection was examined in a subpopulation consisting of phenotyped parents and their offspring (n = 876). The prevalence of the extravesical phenotype decreased from 24 % in the 2005 to 2007 birth cohorts to 1,4 % in the 2015 to 2017 birth cohorts. Since 2015 almost no Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with incontinence, hydroureter or hydronephrosis have been recorded. It was feared that the additional selection measures to control ureteral ectopia in the small Entlebucher Mountain Dog population would intensify the inbreeding increase. However, this has so far remained absent. Therefore, as long as no genetic test is available, it is recommended to continue phenotype-based breeding selection with exclusion of dogs with extravesical ureteral ectopia and/or hydroureter/hydronephrosis/urinary incontinence, while keeping an eye on the development of the inbreeding coefficient.

恩特布彻山犬易患输尿管异位和泌尿道及肾脏相关疾病,这些疾病可造成严重甚至致命的后果。由于在没有输尿管异位基因检测的情况下,11%的恩特布彻山犬的临床症状聚集性发生,因此2008年引入了筛查,以允许基于表型的育种选择。通过超声观察狗的输尿管口,记录现有的尿潴留或尿失禁。根据输尿管口的定位以及肾脏和输尿管的形状,诊断结果被集中评估为五种表型之一。繁殖审批和交配限制由各自的繁殖协会负责,主要是有体外异位输尿管和/或临床症状的恩特布彻山犬被排除在繁殖之外。在引入筛查后的出生队列中,确定基于表型的选择性交配对输尿管异位发生率及其临床体征的影响,以及可能影响表型表达的因素。对1456只表型的Entlebucher山地犬的数据集分析表明,11%的雄性比5%的雌性更频繁地被分配到外显性表型。在一个由表型亲本及其后代组成的亚群体中,研究了基于表型的育种选择的影响(n = 876)。体外表型的患病率从2005年至2007年出生队列的24%下降到2015年至2017年出生队列的1.4%。自2015年以来,几乎没有恩特布赫山犬出现尿失禁、输尿管积水或肾积水的记录。担心为控制小种群输尿管异位而采取的额外选择措施会加剧近交的增加。然而,到目前为止,这种情况仍然没有出现。因此,只要没有基因检测,建议继续进行基于表型的育种选择,排除膀胱外输尿管异位和/或输尿管积水/肾积水/尿失禁的狗,同时密切关注近交系数的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Prognostic factors in dogs with common causes of proteinuria. 犬蛋白尿常见病因的预后因素。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00362
F Baumgartner, F S Boretti, B Gerber

Introduction: Little is known about the prognostic value of increased urine protein to creatinine ratios (UPC) comparing different underlying diseases in dogs. Therefore, between 2014 and 2015, dogs with a UPC of 2,0 or higher measured were retrospectively analysed at least once. They were divided into groups of the most common underlying diseases, namely primary glomerulopathy, Cushing's disease, leishmaniasis and in a group of different diseases. Possible prognostic factors, like UPC at time of diagnosis, creatinine, urine specific gravity, albumin and haematocrit, were assessed. Eighty-nine dogs with severe proteinuria were included in the study. Median time of survival was 42 days. UPC and time of survival did not differ significantly between the groups. Among the dogs with primary glomerulopathy, identified significant risk factors for death included increased UPC (p=0,03), increased creatinine (p.

导言:关于尿蛋白与肌酐比值(UPC)升高对狗不同基础疾病的预后价值,我们所知甚少。因此,在2014年至2015年期间,对UPC为2000或更高的狗进行了至少一次回顾性分析。他们被分为最常见的基础疾病组,即原发性肾小球病、库欣病、利什曼病和一组不同的疾病。评估可能的预后因素,如诊断时的UPC、肌酐、尿比重、白蛋白和红细胞压积。89只患有严重蛋白尿的狗参与了这项研究。中位生存时间为42天。各组间UPC和生存时间无显著差异。在患有原发性肾小球病的狗中,确定的显著死亡危险因素包括UPC升高(p= 0.03),肌酐升高(p= 0.03)。
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引用次数: 1
Non-blinded treatment of aural -hematoma with oral prednisolone as a monotherapy in privately-owned dogs. 口服强的松龙单药治疗私家犬耳血肿的非盲法研究。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00358
S. Rüfenacht, S. Schellenberg, S. Borio, A. Summerfield, M. Ricklin
INTRODUCTIONAural hematoma is the most common injury of the pinna in dogs. Treatment options are various. More recently, medical therapy has been more commonly pursued than surgical options. Therefore, our hypothesis was that monotherapy with oral prednisolone for one month is sufficient to successfully treat dogs diagnosed with aural hematoma. In this open prospective experimental study without control group, clinicians treated 24 privately-owned dogs suffering from aural hematoma with oral prednisolone at 1 mg / kg / day for 14 days, followed by 0,5 mg / kg / day for another 14 days. In case of strong side effects, the dose reduction was already initiated after 7 days of treatment. The success was assessed subjectively after 14 days by the owner and after 28 days by a clinician or specialist. In addition, before and after treatment the thickness of the swelling was measured. In 21 of 24 dogs, oral prednisolone treatment for 28 days lead to a subjective clinical improvement of at least 80 %. The ear thickness was reduced by at least 50 %. This study showed that treating dogs suffering from aural hematoma for four weeks with oral prednisolone used as a monotherapy leads to promising results and could be considered as an economical, non-invasive and safe treatment alternative for aural hematoma in dogs.
耳血肿是犬耳廓最常见的损伤。治疗方案多种多样。最近,药物治疗比手术治疗更普遍。因此,我们的假设是,口服强的松龙一个月的单药治疗足以成功治疗诊断为耳部血肿的狗。在这项没有对照组的开放式前瞻性实验研究中,临床医生用口服强的松龙治疗24只患有耳部血肿的私人狗,剂量为1mg / kg /天,持续14天,然后再用0.5 mg / kg /天,持续14天。如果有强烈的副作用,则在治疗7天后开始减量。14天后由业主主观评估成功,28天后由临床医生或专家评估成功。此外,还测量了治疗前后的肿胀厚度。在24只狗中的21只中,口服强的松龙治疗28天导致主观临床改善至少80%。耳部厚度减少了至少50%。本研究表明,用口服强的松龙作为单药治疗患有耳血肿的狗四周,效果良好,可以被认为是一种经济、无创和安全的治疗犬耳血肿的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of early administration of tranexamic acid on ongoing haemorrhage in dogs with non-surgically treated haemoabdomen. 早期给药氨甲环酸对非手术治疗的血腹犬持续出血的影响。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00357
N. Sigrist, L. Langenegger, R. Jud Schefer, K. Kluge, A. Kutter
INTRODUCTIONTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug used for the prophylaxis and treatment of haemorrhage of various origin. This retrospective study investigated the effect of TXA on ongoing bleeding in dogs with nonsurgically treated haemoabdomen. The study population consisted of 48 dogs treated in the period 2009-2020 at the Small Animal Clinic of the Vetsuisse Faculty of Zurich. Twenty-eight of 48 dogs were treated with 20 mg/kg TXA IV within 3h of diagnosis of haemoabdomen. Dogs treated with and without TXA were monitored over 48 hours for signs of ongoing haemorrhage. Ongoing haemorrhage was defined as an increase in abdominal fluid accumulation, a decrease in haematocrit of >5% over time or need for surgical exploration after at least 12 hours of medical treatment. Transfusion requirements, cumulative amount of fluid therapy, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, systolic and mean arterial pressure, estimate of abdominal fluid identified by FAST analysis, venous haematocrit, abdominal haematocrit, serum albumin, serum lactate and thrombocyte count were extracted from patient records at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after diagnosis of haemoabdomen. Groups were comparable at presentation, however dogs of the TXA group showed a significantly lower abdominal haematocrit at presentation (37 vs 45%, P=0,034) and a higher fluid accumulation (P=0,019), both persisting over time. None of the outcome parameters for ongoing haemorrhage was significantly different between groups. Transfusion requirement was low and similar in both groups. Of interest, none of the 16 dogs undergoing thromboelastometry showed hyperfibrinolysis at presentation. We conclude that other mechanisms than antifibrinolytic therapy was responsible for cessation of bleeding in the majority of patients.
氨甲环酸(TXA)是一种抗纤溶药物,用于预防和治疗各种来源的出血。本回顾性研究探讨了TXA对非手术治疗的血腹犬持续出血的影响。研究人群包括2009年至2020年期间在苏黎世Vetsuisse学院小动物诊所接受治疗的48只狗。48只犬中28只在诊断出血腹后3h内给予20 mg/kg TXA IV治疗。接受和不接受TXA治疗的狗在48小时内监测持续出血的迹象。持续出血定义为腹部积液增加,红细胞压积下降>5%,或在药物治疗至少12小时后需要手术探查。从诊断出血腹后6、12、24和48小时的患者记录中提取输血需求、累计液体治疗量、心率、呼吸频率、体温、收缩压和平均动脉压、通过FAST分析确定的腹部液体估计值、静脉红细胞压积、腹部红细胞压积、血清白蛋白、血清乳酸和血小板计数。两组在首发时具有可比性,但TXA组的狗在首发时表现出明显较低的腹部红细胞压积(37% vs 45%, P= 0.034)和较高的液体积聚(P= 0.019),两者都持续一段时间。持续出血的结局参数在两组间无显著差异。两组输血需要量低且相似。有趣的是,16只接受血栓弹性测量的狗在入院时都没有出现高纤溶。我们得出结论,在大多数患者中,除抗纤溶治疗外,其他机制是止血的原因。
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引用次数: 1
Agonistic behaviour of dairy goats and sheep during feeding - A pilot study on Swiss farms with mixed rations. 奶山羊和绵羊在饲养过程中的拮抗行为-瑞士农场混合口粮的初步研究。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.17236/sat00359
R. Berthel, L. Purtschert, M. Braillard, D. Wiederkehr, A. Scheurer, N. Keil
INTRODUCTIONFeeding mixed rations is a widely used practice for cattle to ensure the intake of a balanced diet and to reduce competition for food. It is unknown, whether mixed rations have the same advantages for small ruminants because they differ from cattle in their feeding and social behaviour. In this observational pilot study, an array of feeding and social behaviour of dairy goats and sheep fed ad libitum with mixed rations on Swiss farms was investigated. Twelve dairy goat and 12 dairy sheep farms feeding mixed rations were visited once during the winter feeding period. Data on the feeding management, feeding place design and the composition of the mixed rations were collected. The number of animals feeding simultaneously and the number and type of agonistic interactions during feeding were assessed by direct observations for 6 hours after the morning feed-distribution. The feeding management and the composition of the mixed rations were very heterogeneous among farms. The feed rations were mostly well balanced in relation to energy and protein and covered the requirements for the daily production of about 2,5 kg of milk. In terms of feeding simultaneously, sheep were more synchronous than goats. The mean number of agonistic interactions per feeding place within 6 hours were 3,8 in goats and 1,8 in sheep; thus, the probability to observe agonistic behaviour is higher in goats than in sheep. Goats and sheep also differed in the frequency of types of agonistic interactions. Overall, the occurrence of agonistic interactions between animals during feeding decreased with higher numbers of feeding places per animal and longer periods of time since the feed distribution. To conclude, when feeding mixed rations, agonistic interactions related to feeding are more frequent in goats but also occur in sheep to a considerable extent. They can be decreased by offering more feeding places.
饲喂混合口粮是一种广泛使用的做法,以确保牛摄入均衡的饮食和减少对食物的竞争。目前尚不清楚,混合口粮是否对小型反刍动物有同样的好处,因为它们在喂养和社会行为上与牛不同。在这项观察性试点研究中,对瑞士农场自由饲喂混合口粮的奶山羊和绵羊的一系列喂养和社会行为进行了调查。在冬季饲养期间,对12个饲喂混合口粮的奶山羊场和12个奶羊场进行了一次访问。收集了饲养管理、饲养场所设计和混合口粮组成等方面的数据。在早上投喂后6小时,通过直接观察来评估同时饲喂的动物数量以及饲喂过程中相互作用的数量和类型。不同养殖场的饲养管理和混合口粮组成差异很大。饲料的能量和蛋白质基本平衡,可满足每日约2.5公斤的产奶量。在同时饲喂方面,绵羊比山羊更具有同步性。在6小时内,山羊和绵羊在每个饲养场所的平均激动作用次数分别为3,8次和1,8次;因此,在山羊中观察到竞争行为的可能性比在绵羊中更高。山羊和绵羊在激动相互作用类型的频率上也有所不同。总体而言,随着每只动物饲养地点数量的增加和饲料分布时间的延长,动物之间在饲养过程中发生的激动相互作用减少。综上所述,饲喂混合口粮时,与饲养有关的激动相互作用在山羊中更为常见,但在相当程度上也发生在绵羊中。它们可以通过提供更多的喂食场所来减少。
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引用次数: 0
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Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde
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