The antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens has been varying over the period of years, in community and healthcare-associated infections. The study provided the current prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp among individuals with urinary tract infections from hospital and community settings in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Midstream urine samples were collected and studied using standard microbiological techniques. Information for the factors associated with UTIs was obtained using questionnaires. An agar disc diffusion technique was used to test for antibiotic susceptibility. The chi-square test and Poisson regression was used to express associations among descriptive variables of UTI. The study revealed females are more susceptible to UTIs than males. Bacterial isolates showed a low prevalence of UTI with 122(8.5%). The age-wise distribution shows that the Incidence is more common in age bracket 51-60 and 21to 30 years. Gender and risk factors among the individuals had a significant relationship with UTIs. Overall, the bacterial strains showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate 43(91.5%) and most susceptible to imipenem 40(85.1%). The bacteria isolates also showed high multiple resistance with 0.6 MAR index. Appropriate diagnosis and management of UTI are aimed at treating the acute occurrence as well as preventing recurrences of this infection.
{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp among individuals with urinary tract infection from hospital and community settings in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Ajayi, C.O. Anidiobu, M. Fowora","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"The antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens has been varying over the period of years, in community and healthcare-associated infections. The study provided the current prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp among individuals with urinary tract infections from hospital and community settings in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Midstream urine samples were collected and studied using standard microbiological techniques. Information for the factors associated with UTIs was obtained using questionnaires. An agar disc diffusion technique was used to test for antibiotic susceptibility. The chi-square test and Poisson regression was used to express associations among descriptive variables of UTI. The study revealed females are more susceptible to UTIs than males. Bacterial isolates showed a low prevalence of UTI with 122(8.5%). The age-wise distribution shows that the Incidence is more common in age bracket 51-60 and 21to 30 years. Gender and risk factors among the individuals had a significant relationship with UTIs. Overall, the bacterial strains showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate 43(91.5%) and most susceptible to imipenem 40(85.1%). The bacteria isolates also showed high multiple resistance with 0.6 MAR index. Appropriate diagnosis and management of UTI are aimed at treating the acute occurrence as well as preventing recurrences of this infection.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that cause permanent long term disability inform of hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis that develop as a result of inflammation of the lymphatic system. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and perception of participants towards Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programme. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study for screening microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in consenting participants. A total of 1010 participants’ from selected communities on the MDA programme in 5 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bauchi, Plateau and Kaduna states were enlisted into to the study. The communities were chosen based on the presence of the people living with LF according to the signs and symptoms. A well-structured adapted questionnaire was administered to collect participants’ information and their perception of the MDA programme. Microflaria of Wuchereria bancrofti were identified based on the sheathed nuclear, caudal nuclei and bent tail in Parasitology and Entomology Research Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared and odds ratio. Participants with knowledge (294/1010; 29.11%) of the MDA programme were less than those without knowledge (716/1010; 70.89%) of the MDA. Similar, the prevalence of LF was higher in participants with knowledge (26.87%) of the MDA than in those without knowledge (25.14%). The status of participation showed that, those that participated (380/1010; 37.62%) in the MDA were lower than those did not participants (630/1010; 62.38%); the infection in participants that did not partook in the MDA programme had higher prevalence (29.68%) of LF than those that participated. Participants gave various reasons for not being part of the MDA programme ranging from absent (177/1010; 17.53%) at the time of the campaign to side effect (2/1010; 0.20%) of the drugs after taking it. However, those that gave reasons for not participating because Community Drug Distributors (CDD) did not come, had highest prevalence (40.74%) of LF compared to those that gave reasons as side effect (0.00%) for not taking the drugs. Overall LF prevalence of 25.64% was found in this study. There is poor knowledge of MDA programme among the participants in the communities examined. Similarly, microfilaria was present in some participants despite the MDA campaign in the selected states. Intensive awareness campaign and drug distribution need to be carried out in most of the remote communities in the affected states. Furthermore, members of the communities must be part of the CDDs for acceptability and effectiveness of the campaign.
{"title":"Assessment of participants’ perception on the use of mass drug administration in communities endemic to Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold, 1877 in Northern Nigeria","authors":"B. Kamba, I. Ndams, E. Kogi, M. Aliyu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that cause permanent long term disability inform of hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis that develop as a result of inflammation of the lymphatic system. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and perception of participants towards Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programme. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study for screening microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in consenting participants. A total of 1010 participants’ from selected communities on the MDA programme in 5 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bauchi, Plateau and Kaduna states were enlisted into to the study. The communities were chosen based on the presence of the people living with LF according to the signs and symptoms. A well-structured adapted questionnaire was administered to collect participants’ information and their perception of the MDA programme. Microflaria of Wuchereria bancrofti were identified based on the sheathed nuclear, caudal nuclei and bent tail in Parasitology and Entomology Research Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared and odds ratio. Participants with knowledge (294/1010; 29.11%) of the MDA programme were less than those without knowledge (716/1010; 70.89%) of the MDA. Similar, the prevalence of LF was higher in participants with knowledge (26.87%) of the MDA than in those without knowledge (25.14%). The status of participation showed that, those that participated (380/1010; 37.62%) in the MDA were lower than those did not participants (630/1010; 62.38%); the infection in participants that did not partook in the MDA programme had higher prevalence (29.68%) of LF than those that participated. Participants gave various reasons for not being part of the MDA programme ranging from absent (177/1010; 17.53%) at the time of the campaign to side effect (2/1010; 0.20%) of the drugs after taking it. However, those that gave reasons for not participating because Community Drug Distributors (CDD) did not come, had highest prevalence (40.74%) of LF compared to those that gave reasons as side effect (0.00%) for not taking the drugs. Overall LF prevalence of 25.64% was found in this study. There is poor knowledge of MDA programme among the participants in the communities examined. Similarly, microfilaria was present in some participants despite the MDA campaign in the selected states. Intensive awareness campaign and drug distribution need to be carried out in most of the remote communities in the affected states. Furthermore, members of the communities must be part of the CDDs for acceptability and effectiveness of the campaign.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"2 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habeeba Ibraheem Abdullahi, Muhammad Aminu Ahmad, Khalid Haruna
The use of natural language processing, to identify, extract and organize sentiment from user generated texts in social networks, blogs or product review of text is known as sentiment analysis or opinion mining. Hausa language belongs to one of the major well-spoken languages in Africa and one of the three major Nigerian languages. Now investigating into such a language will have significant influence on social, economic business political and even educational services and settings. Some of these Hausa texts are abbreviated and some in acronym format which is a challenge to researchers as such comments are in an unstructured format and needs normalization to get further understanding of that text and also there is scarcity of sentiment analysis on Hausa abbreviation and acronym. Abbreviation is a shorten form of a word while acronym is an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word. This research aims to develop an improved Hausa Sentiment Dataset for the enhancement of sentiment analysis with abbreviation and acronyms. This is achieved by adapting to the approach for Hausa Sentiment Analysis based on Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) and Logistic Regression algorithms using the count vectorizer, along with python libraries for NLP. This research affirmed that the improved dataset with abbreviation and acronym outperforms the plain Hausa dataset by 4% in accuracy using Multinomial Naïve Bayes. The result shows that in addition to normal preprocessing techniques of the social media stream, understanding, interpreting and resolving ambiguity in the usage of abbreviations and acronyms lead to improved accuracy of algorithms with evidence in the experimental result.
{"title":"Twitter sentiment analysis for Hausa abbreviations and acronyms","authors":"Habeeba Ibraheem Abdullahi, Muhammad Aminu Ahmad, Khalid Haruna","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural language processing, to identify, extract and organize sentiment from user generated texts in social networks, blogs or product review of text is known as sentiment analysis or opinion mining. Hausa language belongs to one of the major well-spoken languages in Africa and one of the three major Nigerian languages. Now investigating into such a language will have significant influence on social, economic business political and even educational services and settings. Some of these Hausa texts are abbreviated and some in acronym format which is a challenge to researchers as such comments are in an unstructured format and needs normalization to get further understanding of that text and also there is scarcity of sentiment analysis on Hausa abbreviation and acronym. Abbreviation is a shorten form of a word while acronym is an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word. This research aims to develop an improved Hausa Sentiment Dataset for the enhancement of sentiment analysis with abbreviation and acronyms. This is achieved by adapting to the approach for Hausa Sentiment Analysis based on Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) and Logistic Regression algorithms using the count vectorizer, along with python libraries for NLP. This research affirmed that the improved dataset with abbreviation and acronym outperforms the plain Hausa dataset by 4% in accuracy using Multinomial Naïve Bayes. The result shows that in addition to normal preprocessing techniques of the social media stream, understanding, interpreting and resolving ambiguity in the usage of abbreviations and acronyms lead to improved accuracy of algorithms with evidence in the experimental result.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Nubi, Olu Timilehin Ayelagbe, Olaiwola Falilu Adekunbi, Samuel Olatunde Popoola, Otolorin Opeyemi Oyatola
The impact of shipping operations on the level of trace metals along the Commodore Channel of the Lagos lagoon is a topic that requires careful consideration. Shipping activities can have a significant impact on the water quality of the lagoon, which in turn can affect the health of the flora and fauna that depend on it. This study attempts to assess the impact of shipping operations on the level of trace metals along the Commodore Channel of the Lagos lagoon. Concentrations of trace metals in the Lagos Lagoon specifically the Commodore channel were determined in March 2016, and the downstream variation was compared. Trace metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn and Co) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of trace metals were found to be beyond the permissible limits stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU). There exists an exception in the mean level of Zn (0.23±0.1107mg/L) in the harbor water which was lower than the WHO standard of 5mg/L as at the time of this study. The trace metals showed the decreasing order of Pb > Fe > Zn > Co > Cd with concentration of 1.0±0.6mg/L, 0.62±0.2mg/L. 0.23±0.1107, 0.14±0.12mg/L and 0.05±0.02mg/L respectively. The result of contamination factor showed the harbor water had very high degree of Pb and Cd contamination. This high CF can be caused by the shipping and vessel transportation route and gateway of the harbor into the country. Continuous monitoring is required to assess environmental quality and adopt suitable management techniques in order to prevent the negative impacts of shipping operations on trace metal occurrence in harbors.
航运作业对拉各斯泻湖准将海峡沿岸痕量金属含量的影响是一个需要认真考虑的问题。航运活动会对泻湖的水质产生重大影响，进而影响依赖泻湖的动植物的健康。本研究试图评估航运作业对拉各斯泻湖准将海峡沿岸痕量金属含量的影响。2016 年 3 月测定了拉各斯泻湖（特别是 Commodore 航道）中的痕量金属浓度，并比较了下游的变化情况。痕量金属（铅、镉、铁、锌和钴）采用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）进行测定。结果发现，痕量金属的浓度超出了世界卫生组织（WHO）和欧盟（EU）规定的允许限值。但港湾水中锌的平均含量（0.23±0.1107mg/L）低于世界卫生组织规定的 5mg/L 的标准。痕量金属的浓度呈现出 Pb > Fe > Zn > Co > Cd 的递减顺序，分别为 1.0±0.6mg/L、0.62±0.2mg/L、0.23±0.1107mg/L 和 0.23±0.1107mg/L。0.23±0.1107、0.14±0.12mg/L 和 0.05±0.02mg/L。污染因子的结果表明，港湾水的铅和镉污染程度非常高。污染因子较高的原因可能是航运和船舶运输路线以及港口进入该国的门户。需要持续监测以评估环境质量，并采用适当的管理技术，以防止航运作业对港口痕量金属发生的负面影响。
{"title":"Possible influence of shipping operations on trace metals gradients along the Commodore Channel, Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Nubi, Olu Timilehin Ayelagbe, Olaiwola Falilu Adekunbi, Samuel Olatunde Popoola, Otolorin Opeyemi Oyatola","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of shipping operations on the level of trace metals along the Commodore Channel of the Lagos lagoon is a topic that requires careful consideration. Shipping activities can have a significant impact on the water quality of the lagoon, which in turn can affect the health of the flora and fauna that depend on it. This study attempts to assess the impact of shipping operations on the level of trace metals along the Commodore Channel of the Lagos lagoon. Concentrations of trace metals in the Lagos Lagoon specifically the Commodore channel were determined in March 2016, and the downstream variation was compared. Trace metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn and Co) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of trace metals were found to be beyond the permissible limits stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU). There exists an exception in the mean level of Zn (0.23±0.1107mg/L) in the harbor water which was lower than the WHO standard of 5mg/L as at the time of this study. The trace metals showed the decreasing order of Pb > Fe > Zn > Co > Cd with concentration of 1.0±0.6mg/L, 0.62±0.2mg/L. 0.23±0.1107, 0.14±0.12mg/L and 0.05±0.02mg/L respectively. The result of contamination factor showed the harbor water had very high degree of Pb and Cd contamination. This high CF can be caused by the shipping and vessel transportation route and gateway of the harbor into the country. Continuous monitoring is required to assess environmental quality and adopt suitable management techniques in order to prevent the negative impacts of shipping operations on trace metal occurrence in harbors.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urinary schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is affecting the health of many children, especially in Nigeria. Awareness about schistosomiasis in some communities is low; hence more children undertake activities in unsafe bodies of water. This study determined the prevalence, socio-demography, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs. A total of 200 school children were enrolled in this study and each of them submitted 10 mL urine sample. Each urine sample was concentrated by centrifugation and the sediment was examined using a light compound microscope. Data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 23 at 95% confidence interval. Overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in this study was 19(9.5%). Spatial prevalence was 10.0% and 9.0% in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs respectively. There was no infection among the females (0.0%), but 13.5% of infection occurred among the males (P=0.003, OR =1.156). School children within the age-group of 18–19 years old had highest infection of 20.0%, followed by 12.1% and 5.6% among those within age-groups of 14-15 and 12-13 years old respectively. The infection was more occurring among children in junior secondary school (10.4%) than among those in senior secondary school (7.7%). Significant risk factors were irrigation farming, swimming, fishing and washing of clothes in rivers (P<0.05, OR >1). Significant symptoms of the disease among them included painful urination and terminal haematuria (P<0.05, OR >1). However, infected individuals mostly encountered frequent urination and abdominal pains (OR>1). Urinary schistosomiasis prevails in the study area. It is important to create widespread awareness and treatment intervention.
{"title":"Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Giwa and Markafi Local Government Areas, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Danaladi Austine Markus, H. Bishop","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is affecting the health of many children, especially in Nigeria. Awareness about schistosomiasis in some communities is low; hence more children undertake activities in unsafe bodies of water. This study determined the prevalence, socio-demography, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs. A total of 200 school children were enrolled in this study and each of them submitted 10 mL urine sample. Each urine sample was concentrated by centrifugation and the sediment was examined using a light compound microscope. Data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 23 at 95% confidence interval. Overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in this study was 19(9.5%). Spatial prevalence was 10.0% and 9.0% in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs respectively. There was no infection among the females (0.0%), but 13.5% of infection occurred among the males (P=0.003, OR =1.156). School children within the age-group of 18–19 years old had highest infection of 20.0%, followed by 12.1% and 5.6% among those within age-groups of 14-15 and 12-13 years old respectively. The infection was more occurring among children in junior secondary school (10.4%) than among those in senior secondary school (7.7%). Significant risk factors were irrigation farming, swimming, fishing and washing of clothes in rivers (P<0.05, OR >1). Significant symptoms of the disease among them included painful urination and terminal haematuria (P<0.05, OR >1). However, infected individuals mostly encountered frequent urination and abdominal pains (OR>1). Urinary schistosomiasis prevails in the study area. It is important to create widespread awareness and treatment intervention.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Soji-Omoniwa, B.T. Adekeye, U.O. Abdulazeez, J.O. Olayinka, C.O. Oloba, A.F. Ajediti, S. O. Kolawole, H.T. Yusuf
Biscuit, a popular snack, serve as an ideal vehicle for incorporating therapeutic agents for disease management. This study aimed to assess the effect of Vernonia amygdalina (VO) and fish oil (FO)-supplemented biscuits (VFSB) on the total lipid profile and blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats. Forty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups (A to G). Upon induction and confirmation of diabetes in experimental rats, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level were monitored weekly using glucometer. Twenty-four hours after the last day of treatment, rats were sacrificed and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were assayed using assay kits. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in FBG, TC, LDL-c, and TG concentrations in biscuit fed groups D, E, and F compared to group B fed VFSB. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in groups D, E, and F compared to Group B. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil-supplemented biscuits exhibited a glucose-lowering effect and mitigated dyslipidemia associated with diabetes mellitus.
饼干是一种广受欢迎的零食，是加入治疗药物进行疾病管理的理想载体。本研究旨在评估添加了杏仁蕨（VO）和鱼油（FO）的饼干（VFSB）对糖尿病大鼠总血脂和血糖浓度的影响。49 只 Wistar 大鼠被分为 7 组（A 至 G 组）。在诱导并确认实验鼠患有糖尿病后，每周使用血糖仪监测空腹血糖（FBG）水平。治疗最后一天的 24 小时后，大鼠被处死，并使用检测试剂盒检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）的浓度。结果显示，与饲喂 VFSB 的 B 组相比，饲喂饼干的 D、E 和 F 组的 FBG、TC、LDL-c 和 TG 浓度明显降低（p < 0.05）。与 B 组相比，D、E 和 F 组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显升高（p < 0.05）。总之，添加杏仁蕨和鱼油的饼干具有降糖作用，并能缓解与糖尿病相关的血脂异常。
{"title":"Effect of Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil-supplemented biscuits on lipid profile parameters and blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats","authors":"O. Soji-Omoniwa, B.T. Adekeye, U.O. Abdulazeez, J.O. Olayinka, C.O. Oloba, A.F. Ajediti, S. O. Kolawole, H.T. Yusuf","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Biscuit, a popular snack, serve as an ideal vehicle for incorporating therapeutic agents for disease management. This study aimed to assess the effect of Vernonia amygdalina (VO) and fish oil (FO)-supplemented biscuits (VFSB) on the total lipid profile and blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats. Forty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups (A to G). Upon induction and confirmation of diabetes in experimental rats, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level were monitored weekly using glucometer. Twenty-four hours after the last day of treatment, rats were sacrificed and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were assayed using assay kits. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in FBG, TC, LDL-c, and TG concentrations in biscuit fed groups D, E, and F compared to group B fed VFSB. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in groups D, E, and F compared to Group B. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina and fish oil-supplemented biscuits exhibited a glucose-lowering effect and mitigated dyslipidemia associated with diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation delves into the ecological dimensions of freshwater snails in the vicinity of an artificially created lake. The aim of this research was to comprehend the distribution, prevalence, and variety of freshwater snail species within the ecosystem surrounding the manmade lake. The study spanned from August to November 2023, conducted at three distinct sample stations (I, II, and III), with bi-weekly sample collections. Standard keys were employed for the identification of snails, and the Shanon-Weiner and Simpson's similarity indices were used to explore the diversity of snail species. Throughout the study, a total of 311 individuals representing three distinct species encountered in this study were documented. Acathina fulica exhibited the highest abundance (129 individuals), while Pomacea bridgesii displayed the lowest abundance (66 individuals). The month of August registered the highest population (122 individuals), contrasting with the lowest count in November (37 individuals). Abundance varied across stations, with Station II recording the lowest (77 individuals) and Station III the highest (116 individuals). Regarding diversity, Pomacea bridgesii emerged as the most diverse species (0.3670 & 0.3662), while Littorina littorea exhibited the least diversity (0.0000) across the stations. This investigation contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of freshwater snail populations in the periphery of artificial lakes, shedding light on their distribution patterns and ecological interactions.
{"title":"Ecological observations of freshwater snails in the vicinity of an artificial lake","authors":"Sani Alhaji Tukur, Timothy Auta, T. Atalabi","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation delves into the ecological dimensions of freshwater snails in the vicinity of an artificially created lake. The aim of this research was to comprehend the distribution, prevalence, and variety of freshwater snail species within the ecosystem surrounding the manmade lake. The study spanned from August to November 2023, conducted at three distinct sample stations (I, II, and III), with bi-weekly sample collections. Standard keys were employed for the identification of snails, and the Shanon-Weiner and Simpson's similarity indices were used to explore the diversity of snail species. Throughout the study, a total of 311 individuals representing three distinct species encountered in this study were documented. Acathina fulica exhibited the highest abundance (129 individuals), while Pomacea bridgesii displayed the lowest abundance (66 individuals). The month of August registered the highest population (122 individuals), contrasting with the lowest count in November (37 individuals). Abundance varied across stations, with Station II recording the lowest (77 individuals) and Station III the highest (116 individuals). Regarding diversity, Pomacea bridgesii emerged as the most diverse species (0.3670 & 0.3662), while Littorina littorea exhibited the least diversity (0.0000) across the stations. This investigation contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of freshwater snail populations in the periphery of artificial lakes, shedding light on their distribution patterns and ecological interactions.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.E. Adegbite, D. O. Aworinde, S. Fakoya, S. Erinoso, O.T. Aturu, S. O. Ojo
This study was conducted to investigate the plants used medicinally in rural and semi-urban areas of Ondo State, Nigeria with a view to generating a comprehensive list of therapeutic plants and evaluating their importance quantitatively. Surveys were conducted in some communities in Ondo State between November 2021 and November 2022 with focus on different uses of plants. Structured questionnaires were administered to plant collectors and users. Data were analyzed based on some ethnobotanical indices. In total, 179 medicinal plants belonging to 66 plant families were recorded. The family Fabaceae had the highest (16.20%) representative species while shrubs formed the most used plant form (32%). The highest Frequency of Citation (FC, 49) was obtained for Azadirachta indica. The most valuable plant was A. indica (0.17) based on the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and highest (1.67) Use Value (UV). The Consensus Index and Fidelity Level (FL) were also found to be highest with A. indica (50% and 83.33% respectively) while Fabaceae had the highest Family Importance Value (FIV, 10.98%). The ethnomedicinal use of A. indica, V. amygdalina etc. in the treatment of malaria/fever has been further confirmed in this study. The family Fabaceae has been shown to contain plant species that are important to the informants. The use of quantitative techniques in ethnomedicinal studies allows the identification of commonly used plants and their recommendation for pharmacological research to confirm traditional claims. There is need to properly educate plant users in the communities on the sustainable use of plant resources.
{"title":"Plant use knowledge and quantitative analysis of some medicinal plants from Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A.E. Adegbite, D. O. Aworinde, S. Fakoya, S. Erinoso, O.T. Aturu, S. O. Ojo","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the plants used medicinally in rural and semi-urban areas of Ondo State, Nigeria with a view to generating a comprehensive list of therapeutic plants and evaluating their importance quantitatively. Surveys were conducted in some communities in Ondo State between November 2021 and November 2022 with focus on different uses of plants. Structured questionnaires were administered to plant collectors and users. Data were analyzed based on some ethnobotanical indices. In total, 179 medicinal plants belonging to 66 plant families were recorded. The family Fabaceae had the highest (16.20%) representative species while shrubs formed the most used plant form (32%). The highest Frequency of Citation (FC, 49) was obtained for Azadirachta indica. The most valuable plant was A. indica (0.17) based on the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and highest (1.67) Use Value (UV). The Consensus Index and Fidelity Level (FL) were also found to be highest with A. indica (50% and 83.33% respectively) while Fabaceae had the highest Family Importance Value (FIV, 10.98%). The ethnomedicinal use of A. indica, V. amygdalina etc. in the treatment of malaria/fever has been further confirmed in this study. The family Fabaceae has been shown to contain plant species that are important to the informants. The use of quantitative techniques in ethnomedicinal studies allows the identification of commonly used plants and their recommendation for pharmacological research to confirm traditional claims. There is need to properly educate plant users in the communities on the sustainable use of plant resources.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addresses the ongoing global health challenge of malaria by exploring the therapeutic potential of the Prosopis africana fraction in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Using 42 male mice divided into six groups, including a control group, infected groups without treatment, infected treated with 20 mg/kg bw chloroquine, and infected groups treated with different doses of Prosopis africana fraction at 6.25 mg/kg,12.5mg/kg and 25 mg/kg bw respectively. The mice were induced by NK-65 chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei and administered oral treatment for four days. After the treatment period, biochemical analysis of blood samples and tissues was conducted, focusing on liver and kidney function markers, as well as oxidative stress indicators. Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei exhibited significant alterations in biochemical indices and oxidative balance compared to the control group. However, treatment with Prosopis africana fraction mitigated these changes, restoring biochemical parameters and reestablishing oxidative balance. Notably, the dose at 12.5 mg/kg bw of Prosopis africana fraction demonstrated superior efficacy in reversing the alterations induced by malaria infection. These findings suggest that Prosopis africana fraction holds therapeutic potential in mitigating the biochemical disruptions and oxidative stress associated with malaria infection.
{"title":"Enhancing impact of Prosopis africana fraction on biochemical indices and oxidative balance in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice","authors":"F.A. Abubakar, H.O.B. Oloyede","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the ongoing global health challenge of malaria by exploring the therapeutic potential of the Prosopis africana fraction in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Using 42 male mice divided into six groups, including a control group, infected groups without treatment, infected treated with 20 mg/kg bw chloroquine, and infected groups treated with different doses of Prosopis africana fraction at 6.25 mg/kg,12.5mg/kg and 25 mg/kg bw respectively. The mice were induced by NK-65 chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei and administered oral treatment for four days. After the treatment period, biochemical analysis of blood samples and tissues was conducted, focusing on liver and kidney function markers, as well as oxidative stress indicators. Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei exhibited significant alterations in biochemical indices and oxidative balance compared to the control group. However, treatment with Prosopis africana fraction mitigated these changes, restoring biochemical parameters and reestablishing oxidative balance. Notably, the dose at 12.5 mg/kg bw of Prosopis africana fraction demonstrated superior efficacy in reversing the alterations induced by malaria infection. These findings suggest that Prosopis africana fraction holds therapeutic potential in mitigating the biochemical disruptions and oxidative stress associated with malaria infection.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"25 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Manga, Mohammed Maina, H. Samaila, E.W. Likta, R. Amusat, S. Daniel
This study investigates the structural mechanics of titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) alloy thin film using computational modelling through COMSOL Multiphysics based on Poisson’s equation and continuity equation for stress check by considering its linear elastic, conservation of charge and providing insight into nanomaterial deformation. In the COMSOL environment the parameters for titanium nickel (Ti-Ni) are embedded in the COMSOL Simulink interface. The Thin film layer was designed by defining the layer geometry of the size and shape of the layer with a width of 500 μm, depth of 200 μm and height of 3 μm subjected to boundary conditions such as von – mises stress, surface temperature, iso-surface temperature, multi-slice electric potential, displacement component, surface elastic strain energy density and total enthalpy. The results displayed a trend that is, as the surface temperature increases there will be an increase in the current densities associated with high electrical conduction. On the same note, the designed thin film layer will pass the percolation threshold. The results of surface elastic strain energy density and total enthalpy imply that the designed thin film layer is effective and efficient as a structural pseudopotential device (photodiode).
{"title":"Exploring the structural mechanics of titanium nickel solid alloy using COMSOL Multiphysics: A Poisson equation and continuity equation perspective","authors":"P. Manga, Mohammed Maina, H. Samaila, E.W. Likta, R. Amusat, S. Daniel","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the structural mechanics of titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) alloy thin film using computational modelling through COMSOL Multiphysics based on Poisson’s equation and continuity equation for stress check by considering its linear elastic, conservation of charge and providing insight into nanomaterial deformation. In the COMSOL environment the parameters for titanium nickel (Ti-Ni) are embedded in the COMSOL Simulink interface. The Thin film layer was designed by defining the layer geometry of the size and shape of the layer with a width of 500 μm, depth of 200 μm and height of 3 μm subjected to boundary conditions such as von – mises stress, surface temperature, iso-surface temperature, multi-slice electric potential, displacement component, surface elastic strain energy density and total enthalpy. The results displayed a trend that is, as the surface temperature increases there will be an increase in the current densities associated with high electrical conduction. On the same note, the designed thin film layer will pass the percolation threshold. The results of surface elastic strain energy density and total enthalpy imply that the designed thin film layer is effective and efficient as a structural pseudopotential device (photodiode).","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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