The study analyzed the marketing of onion in Kaduna and Katsina States, Nigeria. A survey of 100 onion farmers and 200 traders in these two states was conducted in 2022. Four villages and four markets were purposively selected. Random sampling was used to select respondents using structured questionnaire alongside oral interview. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, marketing margin and multiple regression. Majority of the traders (71%) had marketing experience between 5 to 25 years. Analysis on marketing margin shows that the producer’s share in the price that the final consumer pays was 56%, the wholesaler receives 14% and the retailer gets 30%, while the total marketing margin in the complete distribution chain was 43%. Analysis on the effect of marketing costs on marketing margin using multiple regression reveals that commission paid to agents was significant at 1% for regional wholesalers and 5% for inter-regional wholesalers. Transportation cost had positive coefficients significant at 10% for regional wholesalers and 5% for inter-regional wholesalers. At the level of retailers, the commission and transport charges have insignificant effect and where they exhibited significant effect, they have negative t-values. The loading/un-loading cost, revenue charges and storage cost had insignificant coefficients and negative t-values. The study recommends provision of simple drying machine for processing onion into durable products, provision of efficient transport system, onion exportation to create competition, market access to reduce glut and enlightenment of market participants on joining cooperative societies for solving many of the marketing problems.
{"title":"Analysis of marketing performance of onion (Allium cepa) among participants in Kaduna and Katsina States, Nigeria","authors":"Maharazu Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.17","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the marketing of onion in Kaduna and Katsina States, Nigeria. A survey of 100 onion farmers and 200 traders in these two states was conducted in 2022. Four villages and four markets were purposively selected. Random sampling was used to select respondents using structured questionnaire alongside oral interview. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, marketing margin and multiple regression. Majority of the traders (71%) had marketing experience between 5 to 25 years. Analysis on marketing margin shows that the producer’s share in the price that the final consumer pays was 56%, the wholesaler receives 14% and the retailer gets 30%, while the total marketing margin in the complete distribution chain was 43%. Analysis on the effect of marketing costs on marketing margin using multiple regression reveals that commission paid to agents was significant at 1% for regional wholesalers and 5% for inter-regional wholesalers. Transportation cost had positive coefficients significant at 10% for regional wholesalers and 5% for inter-regional wholesalers. At the level of retailers, the commission and transport charges have insignificant effect and where they exhibited significant effect, they have negative t-values. The loading/un-loading cost, revenue charges and storage cost had insignificant coefficients and negative t-values. The study recommends provision of simple drying machine for processing onion into durable products, provision of efficient transport system, onion exportation to create competition, market access to reduce glut and enlightenment of market participants on joining cooperative societies for solving many of the marketing problems.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 81","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the deteriorating electrical power supply in Nigeria, it is imperative that more alternative sources are explored. This research work is carried out to assess part of the Bida basin as a possible source of geothermal energy that will help to augment the electric power generation in the country. The study was carried out within the northern sector of the Bida Basin and environs and the area which lies between Longitudes 5000ʹ00ʺ – 7000ʹ00ʺ E and Latitudes 8030ʹ00ʺ – 10030ʹ00ʺ N. Sixteen (16) half degree high resolution aeromagnetic data in a block grid format was utilised for this research. To enhance data for interpretation the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map was subjected to regional-residual separation using Oasis Montaj (version 7.0.1) software. To minimize the effect of frequency noise caused by tiny structures near ground surface, the residual magnetic map was upward continued and further divided into sixteen square blocks with each block windowed and subjected to spectral analysis using Matlab (version R2010a) software. Surfer 11 surface mapping software was used for data contouring. Results obtained from the analysis revealed a Curie point depths ranges from 9 – 17 km over the study area, a geothermal gradient range from 32 – 65 0C km-1, and heat flow ranges from 83 – 163 mWm-2. From interpretation of heat flow map, the prospective areas with anomalous geothermal conditions recommended for geothermal exploitation are areas around Masamagu, Mokwa, Bokani, Lapai, Agaie and Agena.
{"title":"Geothermal prospective areas in the Northern sector of Bida Basin and environs, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"J Barka, A Nur","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.28","url":null,"abstract":"With the deteriorating electrical power supply in Nigeria, it is imperative that more alternative sources are explored. This research work is carried out to assess part of the Bida basin as a possible source of geothermal energy that will help to augment the electric power generation in the country. The study was carried out within the northern sector of the Bida Basin and environs and the area which lies between Longitudes 5000ʹ00ʺ – 7000ʹ00ʺ E and Latitudes 8030ʹ00ʺ – 10030ʹ00ʺ N. Sixteen (16) half degree high resolution aeromagnetic data in a block grid format was utilised for this research. To enhance data for interpretation the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map was subjected to regional-residual separation using Oasis Montaj (version 7.0.1) software. To minimize the effect of frequency noise caused by tiny structures near ground surface, the residual magnetic map was upward continued and further divided into sixteen square blocks with each block windowed and subjected to spectral analysis using Matlab (version R2010a) software. Surfer 11 surface mapping software was used for data contouring. Results obtained from the analysis revealed a Curie point depths ranges from 9 – 17 km over the study area, a geothermal gradient range from 32 – 65 0C km-1, and heat flow ranges from 83 – 163 mWm-2. From interpretation of heat flow map, the prospective areas with anomalous geothermal conditions recommended for geothermal exploitation are areas around Masamagu, Mokwa, Bokani, Lapai, Agaie and Agena.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The significant growth in the use of the Internet and the rapid development of network technologies are associated with an increased risk of network attacks. As the use of encryption protocols increases, so does the challenge of identifying malware encrypted traffic also increases. Malware is a threat to people in the cyber world, as it steals personal information and harms computer systems. Network attacks refer to all types of unauthorized access to a network, including any attempts to damage and disrupt the network. This often leads to serious consequences. However, various researchers, developers and information security specialists around the globe continuously work on strategies for detecting malware. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to network security assessments and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) with various breakthroughs, such as using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to classify malicious traffic. But, with the diverse nature of malware, it is difficult to extract features from it. Therefore, existing solutions require more computing resources since available resources are not efficient for datasets with large numbers of samples. Also, adopting existing feature extractors for extracting features of images consumes more resources. This paper therefore solved these problems by combining a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to adequately detect and classify malicious encrypted traffic. This work was conducted on the malware Analysis benchmark Datasets with API Call Sequences, which contains 42,797 malwares and 1,079 goodware API call sequences. The experimental results show that our proposed system has achieved 99.2% accuracy and outperformed all other state-of-the-art models.
{"title":"Malware detection and classification using embedded convolutional neural network and long short-term memory technique","authors":"Theophilus Aniemeka Enem, Olalekan J. Awujoola","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The significant growth in the use of the Internet and the rapid development of network technologies are associated with an increased risk of network attacks. As the use of encryption protocols increases, so does the challenge of identifying malware encrypted traffic also increases. Malware is a threat to people in the cyber world, as it steals personal information and harms computer systems. Network attacks refer to all types of unauthorized access to a network, including any attempts to damage and disrupt the network. This often leads to serious consequences. However, various researchers, developers and information security specialists around the globe continuously work on strategies for detecting malware. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to network security assessments and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) with various breakthroughs, such as using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to classify malicious traffic. But, with the diverse nature of malware, it is difficult to extract features from it. Therefore, existing solutions require more computing resources since available resources are not efficient for datasets with large numbers of samples. Also, adopting existing feature extractors for extracting features of images consumes more resources. This paper therefore solved these problems by combining a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to adequately detect and classify malicious encrypted traffic. This work was conducted on the malware Analysis benchmark Datasets with API Call Sequences, which contains 42,797 malwares and 1,079 goodware API call sequences. The experimental results show that our proposed system has achieved 99.2% accuracy and outperformed all other state-of-the-art models.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discharged industrial effluent poses a significant threat to groundwater due to potential heavy metal contamination. Elevated levels of heavy metals in drinking water pose serious public health risks. This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water from motorized boreholes in Maitumbi, Tipa Garage Area, Minna, Niger State, by measuring heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as the analytical tool. Water samples were collected randomly from ten (10) boreholes, and the concentrations of some environmentally common heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer of PG Instruments Ltd. (Model AA500). The results showed high concentration levels for most of the observed metals, which exceeded the permissible limits by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, the study suggests that the water samples are not safe for drinking directly and recommends some level of tertiary purification to reduce the heavy metal concentration levels to make them safe for drinking.
工业废水由于潜在的重金属污染对地下水构成严重威胁。饮用水中重金属含量升高对公众健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在通过使用原子吸收光谱(AAS)作为分析工具测量重金属浓度，评估尼日尔州Minna Tipa Garage地区Maitumbi机动钻孔的饮用水质量。随机抽取10个钻孔的水样，采用PG Instruments Ltd.(型号AA500)的原子吸收分光光度计测定环境中常见重金属(Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu、Ni、Cr)的浓度。结果显示，大多数观察到的金属的浓度都很高，超过了尼日利亚饮用水质量标准和世界卫生组织允许的限度。总的来说，该研究表明，水样不适合直接饮用，并建议进行一定程度的三级净化，以降低重金属浓度，使其可以安全饮用。
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination in groundwater from motorized boreholes in Maitumbi, Tipa Garage Area, Minna, Niger State","authors":"S. Umar, A. Muhammad, S. Elijah","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Discharged industrial effluent poses a significant threat to groundwater due to potential heavy metal contamination. Elevated levels of heavy metals in drinking water pose serious public health risks. This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water from motorized boreholes in Maitumbi, Tipa Garage Area, Minna, Niger State, by measuring heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as the analytical tool. Water samples were collected randomly from ten (10) boreholes, and the concentrations of some environmentally common heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer of PG Instruments Ltd. (Model AA500). The results showed high concentration levels for most of the observed metals, which exceeded the permissible limits by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, the study suggests that the water samples are not safe for drinking directly and recommends some level of tertiary purification to reduce the heavy metal concentration levels to make them safe for drinking.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previously, pressures on the climate system are influential on the earth's surface. These are not limited to only increased superficial temperatures but also more frequent floods and droughts, including variations in normal environments such as early flowering of plants and fluctuations in the spreading of many species. The health of humans and the biodiversity of other creatures are significantly impacted by these changes. The change in climate affects both biodiversity and human health directly and indirectly through physical effects of climatic extremes (directly) and impacts on the stages of air contamination, agricultural, marine, and freshwater classifications which make available food and water, and vectors and pathogens which result in transmittable disease species. The concentration of energy-trapping gases in the atmosphere, raised by anthropogenic climate change is progressively viewed as a drive for biodiversity loss besides being a threat to the sustainability of the ecosystem and human health. Drought, fire, floods, and outbreaks of certain pests and illnesses that impact both wildlife and humans have occurred recently and are projected to grow more common in the next decades. This mini-review summarizes the connections between biodiversity (ecosystem health), human/public health, and climate change, and provides insight into recent events that have shaped the world consequent on global change in climate. It similarly discusses ways to protect the most vulnerable, as climate change is now an important and emerging danger to both public health and the ecosystem.
{"title":"The impact of global climate change on biodiversity and public health: A review","authors":"T.M. Momoh-Salami, A.W Zakka, A.E. Omotayo, O.M. Buraimoh","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, pressures on the climate system are influential on the earth's surface. These are not limited to only increased superficial temperatures but also more frequent floods and droughts, including variations in normal environments such as early flowering of plants and fluctuations in the spreading of many species. The health of humans and the biodiversity of other creatures are significantly impacted by these changes. The change in climate affects both biodiversity and human health directly and indirectly through physical effects of climatic extremes (directly) and impacts on the stages of air contamination, agricultural, marine, and freshwater classifications which make available food and water, and vectors and pathogens which result in transmittable disease species. The concentration of energy-trapping gases in the atmosphere, raised by anthropogenic climate change is progressively viewed as a drive for biodiversity loss besides being a threat to the sustainability of the ecosystem and human health. Drought, fire, floods, and outbreaks of certain pests and illnesses that impact both wildlife and humans have occurred recently and are projected to grow more common in the next decades. This mini-review summarizes the connections between biodiversity (ecosystem health), human/public health, and climate change, and provides insight into recent events that have shaped the world consequent on global change in climate. It similarly discusses ways to protect the most vulnerable, as climate change is now an important and emerging danger to both public health and the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid urbanisation and associated land use changes have profound impacts on the local climate and environmental conditions in urban areas. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of land surface temperature (LST) and its relationship with land use/land cover (LULC) patterns in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. The research utilizes remote sensing data and geospatial techniques from multiple sensors, such as Landsat MSS, ETM + and OLI/TIRS, spanning a period of 38years (1984 – 2022), to processed, analysed and investigate the spatiotemporal variations in LST and their drivers. Statistical analyses, such as correlation and regression models, are employed to quantify the associations between LST and LULC variables. Findings show that urban area increased from 7% in 1984 to 32% in 2022, while bare land decreased from 82% in 1984 to 49% in 2022. Vegetation also increased slightly from 11% in 1984 to 19% in 2022. The LST increased with a mean value of 16°C in 1984, 25°C in 2003, and 30.5°C in 2022. Results still revealed a negative correlation between vegetation health and land surface temperature, indicating that as vegetation health declines, land surface temperature increases due to the lack of cooling effects from transpiration while a positive correlation exist between the built-up index and land surface temperature, signifying that as urban areas expand, land surface temperature rises due to the urban heat island effect. The research emphasises the significance of implementing land use planning and management strategies to address the adverse effects of urban heat and improve the urban microclimate. The findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental practitioners, assisting them in making informed decisions for sustainable urban development and enhancing the residents' quality of life in Kano Metropolis.
{"title":"An analysis of the dynamics of land surface temperature on land use/ land cover in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"Sylvanus Helda Bernard, Hamza Bilal","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanisation and associated land use changes have profound impacts on the local climate and environmental conditions in urban areas. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of land surface temperature (LST) and its relationship with land use/land cover (LULC) patterns in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. The research utilizes remote sensing data and geospatial techniques from multiple sensors, such as Landsat MSS, ETM + and OLI/TIRS, spanning a period of 38years (1984 – 2022), to processed, analysed and investigate the spatiotemporal variations in LST and their drivers. Statistical analyses, such as correlation and regression models, are employed to quantify the associations between LST and LULC variables. Findings show that urban area increased from 7% in 1984 to 32% in 2022, while bare land decreased from 82% in 1984 to 49% in 2022. Vegetation also increased slightly from 11% in 1984 to 19% in 2022. The LST increased with a mean value of 16°C in 1984, 25°C in 2003, and 30.5°C in 2022. Results still revealed a negative correlation between vegetation health and land surface temperature, indicating that as vegetation health declines, land surface temperature increases due to the lack of cooling effects from transpiration while a positive correlation exist between the built-up index and land surface temperature, signifying that as urban areas expand, land surface temperature rises due to the urban heat island effect. The research emphasises the significance of implementing land use planning and management strategies to address the adverse effects of urban heat and improve the urban microclimate. The findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental practitioners, assisting them in making informed decisions for sustainable urban development and enhancing the residents' quality of life in Kano Metropolis.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ginger production is dominated by small holder low-income farmers, though experienced, yield remained consistently and relatively low. Hence the study investigated information needs of farmers using closed structured questionnaires, randomly but purposefully distributed to 120 farmers in Agunu, Gidan Tagwai, Gumel, Kurmin Musa, Kwaturu and Sabon Sarki wards in Kachia. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, mathematical techniques(Confrontation indexes), correlation and regression analyses at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that 80.83 % married male (66.67 %) within the ages of 31-40 years (46.67 %) dominated production with average farm size of 1-2 ha and farming experience of 6-7 years. Of the 14 identified information needs, six were needed with pest management (3.85), fertilizer (3.84), marketing information (3.59) and source of credit ranking high while seven were rarely needed but irrigation and water management were not needed. Evidently, ginger farming is basically on traditional technology as major source of information is from parents and friends (39.86 %) coupled with problems like irregular power (3.63), inadequate funds for digital information (3.44) and inadequate information dissemination (3.43). Positive and significant correlation and regression coefficient between demographic data and information needs (sex (R2 = 0.847), farm size (R2 = 0.728) and family size (R2 = 0.707)) indicated strong influence. Therefore, inter alia emphasis on the use of digital knowledge, women involvement, funding, functional extension services, training and retraining of farmers are imperative to improve production and livelihood of farmers.
{"title":"Assessment of ginger production value chain information needs for sustainable livelihood in Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"M.R.O. Onwunali, G.O. Oparandudu, S.I. Bamali","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger production is dominated by small holder low-income farmers, though experienced, yield remained consistently and relatively low. Hence the study investigated information needs of farmers using closed structured questionnaires, randomly but purposefully distributed to 120 farmers in Agunu, Gidan Tagwai, Gumel, Kurmin Musa, Kwaturu and Sabon Sarki wards in Kachia. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, mathematical techniques(Confrontation indexes), correlation and regression analyses at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that 80.83 % married male (66.67 %) within the ages of 31-40 years (46.67 %) dominated production with average farm size of 1-2 ha and farming experience of 6-7 years. Of the 14 identified information needs, six were needed with pest management (3.85), fertilizer (3.84), marketing information (3.59) and source of credit ranking high while seven were rarely needed but irrigation and water management were not needed. Evidently, ginger farming is basically on traditional technology as major source of information is from parents and friends (39.86 %) coupled with problems like irregular power (3.63), inadequate funds for digital information (3.44) and inadequate information dissemination (3.43). Positive and significant correlation and regression coefficient between demographic data and information needs (sex (R2 = 0.847), farm size (R2 = 0.728) and family size (R2 = 0.707)) indicated strong influence. Therefore, inter alia emphasis on the use of digital knowledge, women involvement, funding, functional extension services, training and retraining of farmers are imperative to improve production and livelihood of farmers.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naseer Inuwa Durumin Iya, Binta Hadi Jume, Zaini Assim
The effective elimination of heavy metals from a polluted environment is of utmost significance, particularly in cases where soil contamination is induced by the discharge of landfill leachate. The contamination of landfill soil with heavy metals has been one of the major concerns for decades. Therefore, identifying potential plants for phytoremediation of landfill soil is unavoidable. This research aimed to analyze soil of an abandoned landfill from Matang Malaysia and to conduct phytoremediation of landfill metal-contaminated soil using the Acalypha wilkesiana plant. Analyses shows that Cd, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Ni, and Cr were higher than the Environmental Quality Standard of Malaysia. While Zn was found less than the standard, Fe was not detected by the plant. The removal of heavy metal by A. wilkesiana was higher compared to unexposed plants. The highest removal occurred on Mn, Cr, Cu, and Ni with concentrations 10.93, 1.50, 1.30, and 1.10 mg/kg, respectively, which was achieved in 6 months harvesting period. The results also revealed that the bio-concentration and translocation factors of Cu, Cd, Ni, and As were above 1, which means the plant has the ability to accumulate and transfer metals to the shoot of the plant. The plant has the capability to be used in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil.
{"title":"The use of <i>Acalypha Wilkesiana</i> plant for phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil","authors":"Naseer Inuwa Durumin Iya, Binta Hadi Jume, Zaini Assim","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The effective elimination of heavy metals from a polluted environment is of utmost significance, particularly in cases where soil contamination is induced by the discharge of landfill leachate. The contamination of landfill soil with heavy metals has been one of the major concerns for decades. Therefore, identifying potential plants for phytoremediation of landfill soil is unavoidable. This research aimed to analyze soil of an abandoned landfill from Matang Malaysia and to conduct phytoremediation of landfill metal-contaminated soil using the Acalypha wilkesiana plant. Analyses shows that Cd, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Ni, and Cr were higher than the Environmental Quality Standard of Malaysia. While Zn was found less than the standard, Fe was not detected by the plant. The removal of heavy metal by A. wilkesiana was higher compared to unexposed plants. The highest removal occurred on Mn, Cr, Cu, and Ni with concentrations 10.93, 1.50, 1.30, and 1.10 mg/kg, respectively, which was achieved in 6 months harvesting period. The results also revealed that the bio-concentration and translocation factors of Cu, Cd, Ni, and As were above 1, which means the plant has the ability to accumulate and transfer metals to the shoot of the plant. The plant has the capability to be used in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high demand for energy as a result of the increase in population and the need to keep our environments clean makes research on biogas from wastes very necessary. The study was conducted to use poultry wastes mixed with sawdust to generate gases that can be used for cooking. The poultry waste was mixed with saw dust in the ratio 4:0, 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 over a period of 4 weeks. The gases collected were subjected to laboratory analysis using Gas Chromatography of Perkin Elmer model. Methane yields of 3.45 x 10-3m3, 3.05 x 10-3m3, 2.03 x 10-3m3 and 1.00 x 10-3m3 were generated respectively. The more saw dust added the less gas of interest produced. Analysis of residue showed concentrations of N, P, and K in the residue are 0.847 %, 0.28 %, and 2.09 % respectively which implies materials that can be incorporated in soil amendment. Removing saw dust from the environment to generate gas reduces environmental pollution caused by burning.
{"title":"Biogas production from poultry waste modified with sawdust","authors":"H. Ayedun, A.I. Adeyemo, P.O. Ayadi","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The high demand for energy as a result of the increase in population and the need to keep our environments clean makes research on biogas from wastes very necessary. The study was conducted to use poultry wastes mixed with sawdust to generate gases that can be used for cooking. The poultry waste was mixed with saw dust in the ratio 4:0, 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 over a period of 4 weeks. The gases collected were subjected to laboratory analysis using Gas Chromatography of Perkin Elmer model. Methane yields of 3.45 x 10-3m3, 3.05 x 10-3m3, 2.03 x 10-3m3 and 1.00 x 10-3m3 were generated respectively. The more saw dust added the less gas of interest produced. Analysis of residue showed concentrations of N, P, and K in the residue are 0.847 %, 0.28 %, and 2.09 % respectively which implies materials that can be incorporated in soil amendment. Removing saw dust from the environment to generate gas reduces environmental pollution caused by burning.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Stephen Mshelia, Arhyel Yusuf Mbaya, Lawan Bulama
The paper assessed the effects of wastewater on socio-economic activities of residents in Kano metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. High population, poor drainage channels and lack of central wastewater sewerage and functional treatment plants have necessitated indiscriminate discharge of wastewater into the environment. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for determining sample size, a total of 384 population size was sampled and purposefully, systematically and randomly administered questionnaires in Likert Scale Format. Interviews were also conducted with stakeholders and community elders and direct filed observation for elucidation of the socioeconomic effects of wastewater. Results were presented in tables and charts and further expressed in strength of associations using Spearman rho statistics analysis. Findings show that 89.75% of respondents are of the view that wastewater from households and commercial areas is let loose into the environment and affects land-use as well as domestic activities. It also shows that 88.5% reported that wastewater affects the means of livelihood of residents and 92.19% opined that economic cost of construction of drainage channels, embankment and sandbags while 92.5% strongly and agreed that wastewater affects the health of the residents and causes different kinds of diseases. The study further shows that wastewater has effect on businesses and recreations while making some places inaccesible and affectng their economic activities. The study therefore recommends public enlightenment, strong legislations and enforcement of principle of polluter pays, attitudinal change and population decongestion, centralized sewerages system should be implemented among others should strictly be adhered to harness to encourage socio-economic activities.
{"title":"Evaluation of effects of wastewater on socio-economic activities of residents in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"Simon Stephen Mshelia, Arhyel Yusuf Mbaya, Lawan Bulama","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper assessed the effects of wastewater on socio-economic activities of residents in Kano metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. High population, poor drainage channels and lack of central wastewater sewerage and functional treatment plants have necessitated indiscriminate discharge of wastewater into the environment. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for determining sample size, a total of 384 population size was sampled and purposefully, systematically and randomly administered questionnaires in Likert Scale Format. Interviews were also conducted with stakeholders and community elders and direct filed observation for elucidation of the socioeconomic effects of wastewater. Results were presented in tables and charts and further expressed in strength of associations using Spearman rho statistics analysis. Findings show that 89.75% of respondents are of the view that wastewater from households and commercial areas is let loose into the environment and affects land-use as well as domestic activities. It also shows that 88.5% reported that wastewater affects the means of livelihood of residents and 92.19% opined that economic cost of construction of drainage channels, embankment and sandbags while 92.5% strongly and agreed that wastewater affects the health of the residents and causes different kinds of diseases. The study further shows that wastewater has effect on businesses and recreations while making some places inaccesible and affectng their economic activities. The study therefore recommends public enlightenment, strong legislations and enforcement of principle of polluter pays, attitudinal change and population decongestion, centralized sewerages system should be implemented among others should strictly be adhered to harness to encourage socio-economic activities.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：