The study assessed instructional strategies in agricultural science to enhanced senior secondary school’s students interest in agriculture, within Zaria educational zone. Four specific objectives, four research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Structure questionnaire design on 4-point rating scale with 154 teachers and 200 students as sampled respondents was used. The data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and t – test at 5% level of significance. The result revealed that most of the teachers were male (72.08%), with age ranged from 35 – 39 years (35.07%), married (64.29%) and were qualified to teach agricultural science at senior secondary school level (76.63%) with more than five years working experience (81.85%). Use of successful agropreneurs as resource person, use of motivation and less punishment, giving award/rewards to students, taking students for field trips, relating teaching with real life situation outside classroom, exposing students’ on careers opportunities in agriculture, organizing agricultural shows and exhibition among others were acceptable instructional based strategies that could enhance students’ interest in agriculture. However, there was significant difference on the mean responses of teachers and students on the instructional-based strategies that could enhanced students interest in agriculture. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.
{"title":"Assessing instructional strategies in agricultural science to enhance senior secondary school students’ interest in agriculture in Zaria Educational Zone","authors":"Joshua Fachano Yusuf, A.O.E. Egunsola","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed instructional strategies in agricultural science to enhanced senior secondary school’s students interest in agriculture, within Zaria educational zone. Four specific objectives, four research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Structure questionnaire design on 4-point rating scale with 154 teachers and 200 students as sampled respondents was used. The data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and t – test at 5% level of significance. The result revealed that most of the teachers were male (72.08%), with age ranged from 35 – 39 years (35.07%), married (64.29%) and were qualified to teach agricultural science at senior secondary school level (76.63%) with more than five years working experience (81.85%). Use of successful agropreneurs as resource person, use of motivation and less punishment, giving award/rewards to students, taking students for field trips, relating teaching with real life situation outside classroom, exposing students’ on careers opportunities in agriculture, organizing agricultural shows and exhibition among others were acceptable instructional based strategies that could enhance students’ interest in agriculture. However, there was significant difference on the mean responses of teachers and students on the instructional-based strategies that could enhanced students interest in agriculture. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Bishop, Eliabeth Opawoye, Blessing Ndjideka Ezea, Christiana Ozeiza Apata, Samuel Jacob
Schistosomiasis negatively impacts children’s health. Children expose themselves daily to schistosome infections due to lack of awareness and knowledge about the disease or the danger of infested water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Kaduna South Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred (400) consented school children submitted 10mL urine each and responded to structured questionnaires. Sediment of each urine sample was examined by light microscopy, after centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 4.5%. Both male and female children were equally infected (4.5% each). Older children between 13-17 years old were more infected (5.0%) and more at risk (OR = 2.982) than younger children (8-12 years old) who had 1.7% of the infection. No infection was recorded among children who had awareness about the disease. Water-based activities that served as significant risk factors for the infection included swimming in river (8.7%, P=0.016, OR= 3.064), fishing (12.2%, P=0.005, OR=3.942) and washing of clothes in river (17.4%, P=0.002, OR=5.459). Significant symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis identified were frequent urination (12.5%, P=0.023, OR=3.612), abdominal pain (10.0%, P=0.045, OR=2.880), and terminal haematuria (13.6%, P=0.002, OR=4.526). Infected individuals were more at risk of experiencing pains during urination (7.4%, OR=2.047). Unawareness promotes the spread of schistosomiasis among Nigerian children; their continuous exposure to infested water poses a greater risk. Creation of awareness amongst children will help to control their play habits in unsafe water bodies.
{"title":"Determination of prevalence, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Kaduna South Local Government Area, Kaduna State","authors":"H. Bishop, Eliabeth Opawoye, Blessing Ndjideka Ezea, Christiana Ozeiza Apata, Samuel Jacob","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis negatively impacts children’s health. Children expose themselves daily to schistosome infections due to lack of awareness and knowledge about the disease or the danger of infested water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Kaduna South Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred (400) consented school children submitted 10mL urine each and responded to structured questionnaires. Sediment of each urine sample was examined by light microscopy, after centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 4.5%. Both male and female children were equally infected (4.5% each). Older children between 13-17 years old were more infected (5.0%) and more at risk (OR = 2.982) than younger children (8-12 years old) who had 1.7% of the infection. No infection was recorded among children who had awareness about the disease. Water-based activities that served as significant risk factors for the infection included swimming in river (8.7%, P=0.016, OR= 3.064), fishing (12.2%, P=0.005, OR=3.942) and washing of clothes in river (17.4%, P=0.002, OR=5.459). Significant symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis identified were frequent urination (12.5%, P=0.023, OR=3.612), abdominal pain (10.0%, P=0.045, OR=2.880), and terminal haematuria (13.6%, P=0.002, OR=4.526). Infected individuals were more at risk of experiencing pains during urination (7.4%, OR=2.047). Unawareness promotes the spread of schistosomiasis among Nigerian children; their continuous exposure to infested water poses a greater risk. Creation of awareness amongst children will help to control their play habits in unsafe water bodies.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study comprehensively analyzed the nexus between economic growth, health expenditures, education, and the environment in Nigeria, using data obtained from Central bank of Nigeria and World Bank. By utilizing a robust dataset spanning from 1981 to 2021, the study employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to uncover intricate relationships. Results, both short-run and long-run analyses, reveal that health and education spending, and gross fixed capital formation positively correlated with economic growth. Conversely, the findings demonstrated that population growth and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) exerted detrimental effects on economic growth due to the negative impact on the health of the working population. Additionally, the inverted U-shaped relationship between the macroeconomic footprint and income confirms the validity of Nigeria's Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon. Lastly, the findings of this study hold important policy implications, emphasizing the need for technological advancements and innovative solutions to address the challenges associated with economic growth, health expenditures, education, and the environment in Nigeria. Policy measures promoting birth control through contraception and family planning should be embraced to effectively manage the country's rapidly growing population.
该研究利用从尼日利亚中央银行和世界银行获得的数据，全面分析了尼日利亚经济增长、卫生支出、教育和环境之间的关系。研究利用 1981 年至 2021 年的可靠数据集，采用自回归分布式滞后（ARDL）方法揭示了错综复杂的关系。短期和长期分析结果显示，卫生和教育支出以及固定资本形成总额与经济增长呈正相关。相反，研究结果表明，人口增长和二氧化碳排放（CO2）对劳动人口的健康产生负面影响，从而对经济增长产生不利影响。此外，宏观经济足迹与收入之间的倒 U 型关系证实了尼日利亚环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）现象的正确性。最后，本研究的结果具有重要的政策意义，强调了技术进步和创新解决方案的必要性，以应对与尼日利亚经济增长、医疗支出、教育和环境相关的挑战。应采取政策措施，通过避孕和计划生育来促进生育控制，以有效管理该国快速增长的人口。
{"title":"Linkages between economic growth, health expenditures, education, and environment: dynamic analysis of Nigeria","authors":"M. Onwunali, C.I. Chima, B.G. Ochigbo","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study comprehensively analyzed the nexus between economic growth, health expenditures, education, and the environment in Nigeria, using data obtained from Central bank of Nigeria and World Bank. By utilizing a robust dataset spanning from 1981 to 2021, the study employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to uncover intricate relationships. Results, both short-run and long-run analyses, reveal that health and education spending, and gross fixed capital formation positively correlated with economic growth. Conversely, the findings demonstrated that population growth and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) exerted detrimental effects on economic growth due to the negative impact on the health of the working population. Additionally, the inverted U-shaped relationship between the macroeconomic footprint and income confirms the validity of Nigeria's Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon. Lastly, the findings of this study hold important policy implications, emphasizing the need for technological advancements and innovative solutions to address the challenges associated with economic growth, health expenditures, education, and the environment in Nigeria. Policy measures promoting birth control through contraception and family planning should be embraced to effectively manage the country's rapidly growing population.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A laboratory scale study was designed and conducted to assess the biodegradation of Bonny light crude oil by plasmid and non-plasmid borne soil bacterial strains using biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques. The enrichment technique, turbidometric test, plasmid curing test, molecular identification method, biostimulation test, bioaugmentation test and gas chromatographic technique were carried out using standard analytical techniques. The physicochemical analysis result showed that the pH was slightly neutral, the organic carbon content was higher (2.32 to 4.34%), the conductivity was higher (0.41 to 0.44 μS/cm), and the water holding capacity was lower (0.27 percent and 10.11 kg, respectively). Based on their capacity to use crude oil, the results showed that 22 of the 60 isolated bacterial strains had higher pollutant degrading potentials (A600nm > 0.3).The identified potent hydrocarbon degraders includes: Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa KAVK01 and Ochrobacterium E85b strains. The highest degradation efficiency of 91% was found in soil that had been contaminated with 3 % (v/w) crude oil, amended with inorganic salts, and inoculated with plasmid-borne mixed cultures. The result further indicated that the consortium of plasmid borne isolates enhanced the reduction of the crude oil from the initial concentration of 10,318 ppm to 501 ppm (95 %) whereas 64 % decontamination was facilitated by the consortium of plasmid cured isolates. The information gathered from this investigation may be useful in choosing bacterial species, particularly plasmid-borne ones that can be employed to biodegrade soil contaminated by crude oil in Nigeria's Niger Delta region as well as the sample collection locations.
{"title":"Biodegradation of bonny light crude oil by plasmid and non-plasmid borne soil bacterial strains using biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques","authors":"M. Ifediegwu, B. Uba, V. Awari, D. Okongwu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory scale study was designed and conducted to assess the biodegradation of Bonny light crude oil by plasmid and non-plasmid borne soil bacterial strains using biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques. The enrichment technique, turbidometric test, plasmid curing test, molecular identification method, biostimulation test, bioaugmentation test and gas chromatographic technique were carried out using standard analytical techniques. The physicochemical analysis result showed that the pH was slightly neutral, the organic carbon content was higher (2.32 to 4.34%), the conductivity was higher (0.41 to 0.44 μS/cm), and the water holding capacity was lower (0.27 percent and 10.11 kg, respectively). Based on their capacity to use crude oil, the results showed that 22 of the 60 isolated bacterial strains had higher pollutant degrading potentials (A600nm > 0.3).The identified potent hydrocarbon degraders includes: Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa KAVK01 and Ochrobacterium E85b strains. The highest degradation efficiency of 91% was found in soil that had been contaminated with 3 % (v/w) crude oil, amended with inorganic salts, and inoculated with plasmid-borne mixed cultures. The result further indicated that the consortium of plasmid borne isolates enhanced the reduction of the crude oil from the initial concentration of 10,318 ppm to 501 ppm (95 %) whereas 64 % decontamination was facilitated by the consortium of plasmid cured isolates. The information gathered from this investigation may be useful in choosing bacterial species, particularly plasmid-borne ones that can be employed to biodegrade soil contaminated by crude oil in Nigeria's Niger Delta region as well as the sample collection locations.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the long- run and short-run relationships between solid waste generation in Nigeria and two key climate variables: rainfall and temperature. Employing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis on data from 1982 to 2022, then revealed counterintuitive findings. In the long run, lagged rainfall exhibits a negative association with solid waste (p < 0.05), potentially explained by increased waste decomposition in wetter conditions. Conversely, lagged temperature showed a positive association (p < 0.05), aligning with theories of increased consumption and economic activity in warmer periods. The short-run analysis unveils a self-correcting mechanism in solid waste generation and a statistically significant negative impact of lagged temperature (p < 0.05), requiring further investigation. Based on these findings, the study proposed policy implications for waste management strategies and data collection, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions in the context of climate change.
{"title":"The dynamics of some climate variables on solid waste in Nigeria using Vector Error Correction Model","authors":"A. Shehu, M.O. Adenomon, M.A. Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the long- run and short-run relationships between solid waste generation in Nigeria and two key climate variables: rainfall and temperature. Employing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis on data from 1982 to 2022, then revealed counterintuitive findings. In the long run, lagged rainfall exhibits a negative association with solid waste (p < 0.05), potentially explained by increased waste decomposition in wetter conditions. Conversely, lagged temperature showed a positive association (p < 0.05), aligning with theories of increased consumption and economic activity in warmer periods. The short-run analysis unveils a self-correcting mechanism in solid waste generation and a statistically significant negative impact of lagged temperature (p < 0.05), requiring further investigation. Based on these findings, the study proposed policy implications for waste management strategies and data collection, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions in the context of climate change.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was carried out to examine the potential of yeast as a fish feed stabilizer and growth promoter on Clarias gariepienus with varying levels of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). Clarias gariepinus fingerlings with mean weight of 2.40 grams fingerlings were obtained from Aliu Farms, Kaduna and transported to the Fishery unit located in the Zoological Garden of the school, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State Nigeria. The fish were acclimatized for two weeks in 60 Liters’ plastic tanks. Fish were stocked at 10 fingerlings per tank containing de-chlorinated tap water in triplicate. Four experimental diets with different inclusion levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as follows; Diet I (5%), Diet II (7.5%) Diet III (10%) and Diet IV (12.5%) and the control diet without Saccharomyces cerevisiae were formulated at 40% crude protein. Feed subjected to stability test clearly showed that stability increases with increased level of yeast with Diet IV (12.5%) having the highest at 30 minutes (76%) and 60 minutes (68%). The pelleted feeds were fed to fish at the rate of 5% of the fish biomass throughout the experimental period. The growth response was assessed in terms of daily weight gain, relative weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio. The results showed that diet III (10%) gave the best growth performance with an average weight gain of 2.7 followed by diet IV (12.5%) of average weight gain of 2.39 g when compared to the control diet. Similarly, diet III (10%) recorded the highest survival rate of 80%. Thus, adding baker’s yeast cells into commercial fish feed at 10% improved growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus.
{"title":"Potential of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as feed stabilizer and growth promoter on Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings","authors":"M.A. Dakare, I. Auta, P. Fache, J. A. Auta","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to examine the potential of yeast as a fish feed stabilizer and growth promoter on Clarias gariepienus with varying levels of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). Clarias gariepinus fingerlings with mean weight of 2.40 grams fingerlings were obtained from Aliu Farms, Kaduna and transported to the Fishery unit located in the Zoological Garden of the school, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State Nigeria. The fish were acclimatized for two weeks in 60 Liters’ plastic tanks. Fish were stocked at 10 fingerlings per tank containing de-chlorinated tap water in triplicate. Four experimental diets with different inclusion levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as follows; Diet I (5%), Diet II (7.5%) Diet III (10%) and Diet IV (12.5%) and the control diet without Saccharomyces cerevisiae were formulated at 40% crude protein. Feed subjected to stability test clearly showed that stability increases with increased level of yeast with Diet IV (12.5%) having the highest at 30 minutes (76%) and 60 minutes (68%). The pelleted feeds were fed to fish at the rate of 5% of the fish biomass throughout the experimental period. The growth response was assessed in terms of daily weight gain, relative weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio. The results showed that diet III (10%) gave the best growth performance with an average weight gain of 2.7 followed by diet IV (12.5%) of average weight gain of 2.39 g when compared to the control diet. Similarly, diet III (10%) recorded the highest survival rate of 80%. Thus, adding baker’s yeast cells into commercial fish feed at 10% improved growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bell pepper farming significantly contributes to economic development in Abua. However, phyto-parasitic nematodes are endemic in the area and affect quality of crop yield. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of occurrence of nematodes in bell pepper roots and soil samples of the farms in Abua. Roots and soil from the root rhizosphere were simultaneously collected at 0-20 cm depth using an improvised soil auger and knife. Modified sieve plate technique was employed for nematode detection and a pictorial key was used for nematode identification at the genera level. An overall nematode abundance of 746 nematodes in the soil around the root region and 216 nematodes in the root tissues of the bell peppers were recorded. Gracilachus species (10.6 %) was more prevalent in the soil, and Meloidogyne species (35.2 %) exhibited the highest population in roots. The study found that Abua's cultivated soil is susceptible to nematode infestation, limiting crop performance. The nematodes showcased root burrowing which is an inherent pattern for survival. The result on root nematodes across the five bell farms surveyed was not significant (p > 0.05). The result opined that farmers in Abua, Rivers State, should understand the role of the soil nematodes and implement soil improvement strategies for improved crop performance and rural economic development.
{"title":"Phyto-parasitic nematodes of bell pepper plant and farm soil in Abua, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"E. G. Ekine, C. Ezenwaka","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Bell pepper farming significantly contributes to economic development in Abua. However, phyto-parasitic nematodes are endemic in the area and affect quality of crop yield. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of occurrence of nematodes in bell pepper roots and soil samples of the farms in Abua. Roots and soil from the root rhizosphere were simultaneously collected at 0-20 cm depth using an improvised soil auger and knife. Modified sieve plate technique was employed for nematode detection and a pictorial key was used for nematode identification at the genera level. An overall nematode abundance of 746 nematodes in the soil around the root region and 216 nematodes in the root tissues of the bell peppers were recorded. Gracilachus species (10.6 %) was more prevalent in the soil, and Meloidogyne species (35.2 %) exhibited the highest population in roots. The study found that Abua's cultivated soil is susceptible to nematode infestation, limiting crop performance. The nematodes showcased root burrowing which is an inherent pattern for survival. The result on root nematodes across the five bell farms surveyed was not significant (p > 0.05). The result opined that farmers in Abua, Rivers State, should understand the role of the soil nematodes and implement soil improvement strategies for improved crop performance and rural economic development.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluated the lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes in diabetic Wistar rats treated with stem bark extract of Aristolochia repens. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). A total of thirty-five Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet for eight (8) weeks, while five (5) Wistar rats (Sham control) were fed with low-fat diet. Non-induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water (Sham control); while the induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water, metformin (100 mg/kg), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed; liver, kidney and serum were collected and analyzed for serum glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark significantly reduced the body weight, glucose level, total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein concentration and atherogenic indices. Mild pathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats at dosage above 50 mg/kg. However, the extract reduced the blood glucose, lipids and improve the selected electrolyte balance. This study suggests that ethanolic extract of stem bark of A. repens possesses antihyperglycaemia and antilipidaemic potential and might not be safe at dosage above 50 mg/kg.
{"title":"Effects of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia repens on biochemical and histological changes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced rats","authors":"S.A. Omar, F.A. Abubakar, K.R. Onemola","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes in diabetic Wistar rats treated with stem bark extract of Aristolochia repens. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). A total of thirty-five Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet for eight (8) weeks, while five (5) Wistar rats (Sham control) were fed with low-fat diet. Non-induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water (Sham control); while the induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water, metformin (100 mg/kg), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed; liver, kidney and serum were collected and analyzed for serum glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark significantly reduced the body weight, glucose level, total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein concentration and atherogenic indices. Mild pathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats at dosage above 50 mg/kg. However, the extract reduced the blood glucose, lipids and improve the selected electrolyte balance. This study suggests that ethanolic extract of stem bark of A. repens possesses antihyperglycaemia and antilipidaemic potential and might not be safe at dosage above 50 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutrient depletion is one of the major causes of decreased crop yield, and a threat to food security and sustainable crop production. NutMon- toolbox was used to determine nutrient flows and partial nutrient balances of maize-based smallholders’ farming system. Data was collected using structured questionnaire from 15 randomly selected farmers, with five farmers each in three villages. Composite soil samples were also taken from each of the three plots. At crop maturity, samples of crop products and residues were randomly taken from the selected fields. Nitrogen, P and K contents in soil and crop material was used to calculate nutrient flows and partial balances. Results obtained revealed that mineral fertilizer flow, averaged 349.20kg N yr-1 and 81.45kg K yr-1 and were lower than 376.65kg N yr-1 and 431.44kg K yr-1 organic input. However, phosphorus in mineral fertilizer (55.78kg P yr-1) was higher compared to phosphorus (51.06 kg P ha-1 yr-1) in organic input. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for maize seeds and crop residue were all negative. The partial nutrient balances were positive 53.45kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 79.40kg K ha-1 but negative 1.10kg P ha-1 yr-1. Harvesting of crops for food, without incorporation of crop residue into the soil, were the most important sources of nutrient mining in smallholder production system. Integrated soil fertility management practices that favour the buildup of soil organic matter and use of animal manure should be encouraged through effective extension services at Ikara, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
{"title":"Assessment of nutrient flows in maize-based farming system by smallholder farmers for sustainable production in Ikara, Kaduna State","authors":"N.A. Hiikyaa","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient depletion is one of the major causes of decreased crop yield, and a threat to food security and sustainable crop production. NutMon- toolbox was used to determine nutrient flows and partial nutrient balances of maize-based smallholders’ farming system. Data was collected using structured questionnaire from 15 randomly selected farmers, with five farmers each in three villages. Composite soil samples were also taken from each of the three plots. At crop maturity, samples of crop products and residues were randomly taken from the selected fields. Nitrogen, P and K contents in soil and crop material was used to calculate nutrient flows and partial balances. Results obtained revealed that mineral fertilizer flow, averaged 349.20kg N yr-1 and 81.45kg K yr-1 and were lower than 376.65kg N yr-1 and 431.44kg K yr-1 organic input. However, phosphorus in mineral fertilizer (55.78kg P yr-1) was higher compared to phosphorus (51.06 kg P ha-1 yr-1) in organic input. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for maize seeds and crop residue were all negative. The partial nutrient balances were positive 53.45kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 79.40kg K ha-1 but negative 1.10kg P ha-1 yr-1. Harvesting of crops for food, without incorporation of crop residue into the soil, were the most important sources of nutrient mining in smallholder production system. Integrated soil fertility management practices that favour the buildup of soil organic matter and use of animal manure should be encouraged through effective extension services at Ikara, Kaduna State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.L. Usman, F. N. Ikechiamaka, A. Akinbolati, J.A. Owolabi, C.O. Akusu
Vertical radio refractivity gradients are essential for monitoring propagation conditions when designing and planning terrestrial radio links for communications in the lower atmosphere. Average data gathered from meteorological factors such as temperature, pressure, and relative humidity was used from 1980 to 2020 n this study. This study focuses on the vertical gradient of radio refractivity within the lower atmospheric layer, investigating its influence on factors like signal propagation, route clearance, and line-of-sight communication. The analysis encompasses three cities - Abuja, Makurdi, and Jos. In Figure 2 monthly average changes in the refractivity gradient are presented for Abuja. In addition, the seasonal radio refractivity gradient shows mean values of -110.000N/km for Abuja which shows that the refractivity condition is Super-Refraction, -77.553N/km for Jos which shows that the refractivity condition is Normal-Refraction and -97.209N/km for Makurdi which shows that the refractivity condition is Normal-Refraction respectively. Higher gradient values, G1, G2, and G3 were observed during the dry season (December-February) which could be attributed to dry air and steeper refractivity gradients. In contrast, lower gradient values were observed during the wet season (June-October) due to increased atmospheric moisture. Similarly, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Jos displayed consistent fluctuations throughout the year. Similarly, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Jos displayed consistent fluctuations throughout the year. Notably, wetter months exhibit higher refractivity gradient values, while drier months show lower values. G2 consistently records the highest gradient values, and despite varying magnitudes, the trends remain consistent. Finally, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Makurdi indicate distinct fluctuations with the most negative values observed in November and December. The Dry Season witnesses relatively lower gradient values, while the Transition and Wet Seasons experience rising values, influenced by atmospheric shifts. The Higher negative values during the wet season suggest pronounced variations in the refractive index, affecting radio wave propagation. These findings emphasize the significance of refractivity gradient variations and their implications for radio wave behaviour particularly during different seasons.
{"title":"Exploring vertical gradients of radio refractivity and their significance for radio wave propagation in Abuja, Jos and Makurdi of North-Central Nigeria","authors":"S.L. Usman, F. N. Ikechiamaka, A. Akinbolati, J.A. Owolabi, C.O. Akusu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v19i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v19i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical radio refractivity gradients are essential for monitoring propagation conditions when designing and planning terrestrial radio links for communications in the lower atmosphere. Average data gathered from meteorological factors such as temperature, pressure, and relative humidity was used from 1980 to 2020 n this study. This study focuses on the vertical gradient of radio refractivity within the lower atmospheric layer, investigating its influence on factors like signal propagation, route clearance, and line-of-sight communication. The analysis encompasses three cities - Abuja, Makurdi, and Jos. In Figure 2 monthly average changes in the refractivity gradient are presented for Abuja. In addition, the seasonal radio refractivity gradient shows mean values of -110.000N/km for Abuja which shows that the refractivity condition is Super-Refraction, -77.553N/km for Jos which shows that the refractivity condition is Normal-Refraction and -97.209N/km for Makurdi which shows that the refractivity condition is Normal-Refraction respectively. Higher gradient values, G1, G2, and G3 were observed during the dry season (December-February) which could be attributed to dry air and steeper refractivity gradients. In contrast, lower gradient values were observed during the wet season (June-October) due to increased atmospheric moisture. Similarly, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Jos displayed consistent fluctuations throughout the year. Similarly, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Jos displayed consistent fluctuations throughout the year. Notably, wetter months exhibit higher refractivity gradient values, while drier months show lower values. G2 consistently records the highest gradient values, and despite varying magnitudes, the trends remain consistent. Finally, measured vertical radio refractivity gradient data, G1 N/km, G2 N/km, and G3 N/km for Makurdi indicate distinct fluctuations with the most negative values observed in November and December. The Dry Season witnesses relatively lower gradient values, while the Transition and Wet Seasons experience rising values, influenced by atmospheric shifts. The Higher negative values during the wet season suggest pronounced variations in the refractive index, affecting radio wave propagation. These findings emphasize the significance of refractivity gradient variations and their implications for radio wave behaviour particularly during different seasons.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"9 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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