S.A. Garba, F. U. Ambursa, Y.S. Baguda, M.A. Shehu
Wireless networks, especially 4G LTE technology, have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information (Dike & Iddy, 2023). The performance and reliability of these networks, specific to the network operator in this study, are critical factors in ensuring a seamless user experience. However, the understanding of network behavior in urban environments, characterized by high population densities and diverse mobility patterns, remains a challenging task. This paper presents a dataset comprising 4G LTE user equipment measurements collected along Sabon-Gari Market, located in Kano, Nigeria, using a major 4G LTE network operator. The dataset is the result of a comprehensive data collection effort aimed at understanding wireless connectivity and network performance within this urban market environment. The primary objective is to share and make available this dataset to the research community, fostering further investigations and advancements in the field of mobile communication technologies. The work undertook an extensive data collection campaign in Sabon-Gari Market using a major 4G LTE network operator. The G-NetTrack Pro Android application was utilized to capture user equipment measurements during a three-week period, encompassing both morning and evening periods. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the wireless connectivity and network performance characteristics of Sabon-Gari Market using a major 4G LTE network operator. Researchers and practitioners can leverage this dataset to analyze network behavior, study mobility patterns, investigate the impact of various factors on network performance, and develop innovative solutions to enhance wireless communication technologies in similar urban environments.
{"title":"Exploring wireless connectivity and network performance: A dataset of 4G LTE user equipment measurements","authors":"S.A. Garba, F. U. Ambursa, Y.S. Baguda, M.A. Shehu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networks, especially 4G LTE technology, have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information (Dike & Iddy, 2023). The performance and reliability of these networks, specific to the network operator in this study, are critical factors in ensuring a seamless user experience. However, the understanding of network behavior in urban environments, characterized by high population densities and diverse mobility patterns, remains a challenging task. This paper presents a dataset comprising 4G LTE user equipment measurements collected along Sabon-Gari Market, located in Kano, Nigeria, using a major 4G LTE network operator. The dataset is the result of a comprehensive data collection effort aimed at understanding wireless connectivity and network performance within this urban market environment. The primary objective is to share and make available this dataset to the research community, fostering further investigations and advancements in the field of mobile communication technologies. The work undertook an extensive data collection campaign in Sabon-Gari Market using a major 4G LTE network operator. The G-NetTrack Pro Android application was utilized to capture user equipment measurements during a three-week period, encompassing both morning and evening periods. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the wireless connectivity and network performance characteristics of Sabon-Gari Market using a major 4G LTE network operator. Researchers and practitioners can leverage this dataset to analyze network behavior, study mobility patterns, investigate the impact of various factors on network performance, and develop innovative solutions to enhance wireless communication technologies in similar urban environments.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janet Iyabo Idowu, Akin Soga Fasoranbaku, K. Ayinde
Gamma Modified Two Parameter (GMTP) is a novel biased two-parameter estimator proposed to address the effects of multicollinearity in Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). An expansion of the linear regression model's Modified Two Parameters (MTP) is the newly suggested estimator. The performance of the GMTP estimator over the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), gamma ridge estimator (GRE), gamma Liu estimator (GLE), and gamma Liu-type estimator (GLTE) reviewed in this article are theoretically compared, and the estimator's properties is discussed. A simulation study that examine the effects of the dispersion parameter, sample size, explanatory variables, and degree of correlation are used to examine the superiority of the GMTP with four different biasing parameters over the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE with regard to the estimated MSE criterion. The GMTP estimator with biasing parameters and outperforms the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE, according to simulation research. More research can be done to see how well the GMTP estimator performs in comparison to other estimators that were not examined in this study. 2 k 4 k
伽马修正两参数（Gamma Modified Two Parameter，GMTP）是一种新颖的有偏差的两参数估计器，用于解决广义线性模型（GLM）中多重共线性的影响。新提出的估计器是对线性回归模型修正两参数（MTP）的扩展。本文从理论上比较了 GMTP 估计器相对于最大似然估计器（MLE）、伽玛脊估计器（GRE）、伽玛刘估计器（GLE）和伽玛刘型估计器（GLTE）的性能，并讨论了估计器的特性。通过对离散参数、样本大小、解释变量和相关程度的影响进行模拟研究，考察了具有四个不同偏置参数的 GMTP 在估计 MSE 标准方面优于 MLE、GRE、GLE 和 GLTE 的情况。根据模拟研究，带有偏置参数的 GMTP 估计器优于 MLE、GRE、GLE 和 GLTE。还可以进行更多的研究，以了解 GMTP 估计器与本研究未考察的其他估计器相比的性能如何。2 k 4 k
{"title":"A two-parameter estimator for correlated regressors in gamma regression model","authors":"Janet Iyabo Idowu, Akin Soga Fasoranbaku, K. Ayinde","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma Modified Two Parameter (GMTP) is a novel biased two-parameter estimator proposed to address the effects of multicollinearity in Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). An expansion of the linear regression model's Modified Two Parameters (MTP) is the newly suggested estimator. The performance of the GMTP estimator over the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), gamma ridge estimator (GRE), gamma Liu estimator (GLE), and gamma Liu-type estimator (GLTE) reviewed in this article are theoretically compared, and the estimator's properties is discussed. A simulation study that examine the effects of the dispersion parameter, sample size, explanatory variables, and degree of correlation are used to examine the superiority of the GMTP with four different biasing parameters over the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE with regard to the estimated MSE criterion. The GMTP estimator with biasing parameters and outperforms the MLE, GRE, GLE, and GLTE, according to simulation research. More research can be done to see how well the GMTP estimator performs in comparison to other estimators that were not examined in this study. 2 k 4 k","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adamu Abubakar, Othniel Kamfani Likkason, Yunusa Abdulganiyu, Hadiza Umar Tsafe, Umar Mahmood, B. Balarabe, A. Yohanna
The Paleocene sediments from the Sokoto Group, which comprises of the Gamba, Dange, and Kalambaina formations, were covered by Maastrichtian sediments from the Rima Group, which includes the Wurno, Dukamaje, and Taloka formations. High-resolution aeromagnetic and satellite gravity measurements were used to study these sediments. The aforementioned strata correspond to the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in this research area and are situated in the south-eastern part of the Iullemmeden Basin. Our aim is to determine and explain the horizontal variation in density and magnetization using the whole regional satellite gravity and aeromagnetic data. The deeper magnetic and density sources were scanned using a two-dimensional (2D) radially averaged power spectrum analysis to produce the NE to SW and E to W trending models for the Moho, lower, and upper lithosphere under the study area. The results were further assessed using upward continuation, derivative analysis, and two-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling. Numerous important structural trends (i.e., NE-SW, E-W & ENE-WSW), have been identified as a result of the vertical gradients for the potential field data. Spectral analysis and Euler deconvolution can be used to calculate the depths to the lower and upper mantle crust boundaries as well as the depth to Moho. The findings of a qualitative analysis point to an intrusion of the Gundumi and Illo Formations that has a northeast orientation as the primary cause of the significant gravitational and magnetic interaction. The differences in the deep-seated crustal structures and mineralized anomalous bodies with depth were visible on anomaly maps with an upward continuation of 5 km, 7 km, 20 km, and 30 km. Quantitatively, the 2D regional models along the selected profiles (L1, L2, L4, L6 and L7) display a typical lithostratigraphic succession of the Gundumi and Illo Formation (Continental Intercalaire, CI) type of crust, which is subdivided into the lower and upper mantle crust as well as the Moho. The sediment thickness by surface depth ranges from ∼4.06 km and ∼23.31 km. The Moho interface, lower and upper mantle crusts, and magnetic crust are all located at depths of around ∼10.23 km. The distance between the local models of the foundation rocks to the north and south of the Sokoto Group was approximately ∼6 to ∼8 km and ∼4.5 km, respectively.
{"title":"Investigation into a deep-rooted crustal framework deduced from potential field data in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, Sokoto Basin NW, Nigeria","authors":"Adamu Abubakar, Othniel Kamfani Likkason, Yunusa Abdulganiyu, Hadiza Umar Tsafe, Umar Mahmood, B. Balarabe, A. Yohanna","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Paleocene sediments from the Sokoto Group, which comprises of the Gamba, Dange, and Kalambaina formations, were covered by Maastrichtian sediments from the Rima Group, which includes the Wurno, Dukamaje, and Taloka formations. High-resolution aeromagnetic and satellite gravity measurements were used to study these sediments. The aforementioned strata correspond to the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in this research area and are situated in the south-eastern part of the Iullemmeden Basin. Our aim is to determine and explain the horizontal variation in density and magnetization using the whole regional satellite gravity and aeromagnetic data. The deeper magnetic and density sources were scanned using a two-dimensional (2D) radially averaged power spectrum analysis to produce the NE to SW and E to W trending models for the Moho, lower, and upper lithosphere under the study area. The results were further assessed using upward continuation, derivative analysis, and two-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling. Numerous important structural trends (i.e., NE-SW, E-W & ENE-WSW), have been identified as a result of the vertical gradients for the potential field data. Spectral analysis and Euler deconvolution can be used to calculate the depths to the lower and upper mantle crust boundaries as well as the depth to Moho. The findings of a qualitative analysis point to an intrusion of the Gundumi and Illo Formations that has a northeast orientation as the primary cause of the significant gravitational and magnetic interaction. The differences in the deep-seated crustal structures and mineralized anomalous bodies with depth were visible on anomaly maps with an upward continuation of 5 km, 7 km, 20 km, and 30 km. Quantitatively, the 2D regional models along the selected profiles (L1, L2, L4, L6 and L7) display a typical lithostratigraphic succession of the Gundumi and Illo Formation (Continental Intercalaire, CI) type of crust, which is subdivided into the lower and upper mantle crust as well as the Moho. The sediment thickness by surface depth ranges from ∼4.06 km and ∼23.31 km. The Moho interface, lower and upper mantle crusts, and magnetic crust are all located at depths of around ∼10.23 km. The distance between the local models of the foundation rocks to the north and south of the Sokoto Group was approximately ∼6 to ∼8 km and ∼4.5 km, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many of the plant materials used in traditional medicine are readily available in rural areas and thus have made traditional medicine relatively cheaper than modern medicine. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites and these constitute an important source of microbiocides, pesticides and many pharmaceutical drugs. Ceiba pentandra is naturally present in equatorial Africa and naturalized in all the humid tropics including Nigeria. Ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous leave extract of Ceiba pentandra were assayed against clinical isolates of S. aureus, P.vulgaris, E. coli and K. pneumoniae by agar diffusion method. All the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. K. pneumoniae was the most susceptible to the plant extracts while E. coli was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts against the test organisms ranged between 15μg/mLto30μg/mL The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts was within the ranges of 15μg/mL and 35μg/mL Ethyl acetate extract of leaf of Ceiba pentandra appeared to be more effective than aqueous or ethanol extract as antimicrobial agent against all the test bacteria. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extracts possess useful antimicrobial properties.
{"title":"Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Ceiba pentanra against some clinical pathogenic bacteria","authors":"A. Banso, M.A. Ajayi","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the plant materials used in traditional medicine are readily available in rural areas and thus have made traditional medicine relatively cheaper than modern medicine. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites and these constitute an important source of microbiocides, pesticides and many pharmaceutical drugs. Ceiba pentandra is naturally present in equatorial Africa and naturalized in all the humid tropics including Nigeria. Ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous leave extract of Ceiba pentandra were assayed against clinical isolates of S. aureus, P.vulgaris, E. coli and K. pneumoniae by agar diffusion method. All the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. K. pneumoniae was the most susceptible to the plant extracts while E. coli was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts against the test organisms ranged between 15μg/mLto30μg/mL The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts was within the ranges of 15μg/mL and 35μg/mL Ethyl acetate extract of leaf of Ceiba pentandra appeared to be more effective than aqueous or ethanol extract as antimicrobial agent against all the test bacteria. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extracts possess useful antimicrobial properties.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yohanna, Othniel Kamfani Likkason, A. Maigari, Ali Sani, S. Iyakwari, Adamu Abubakar, Mamidak Miner Iliya, Rawen Barnabas Ori, Gideon Ombugu
The geothermal gradient, heat flow and Curie point depth (CPD) were calculated using aeromagnetic data to assess their viability in terms of energy generation around Mambilla plateau and environ, Northeast, Nigeria. Each block of spectral plot was used to determine the depths to the top boundary (Zt), to bottom (Zb) and centroid (Zo). Empirical formula was used to calculate the geothermal gradient, Curie Point Depth (CPD) and heat flow in the area. The resulting depth measurements were then consider as the area's geothermal gradient, heat flow, and curie point depths (CPD). Two CPD locations with geothermal potential are described in the results: areas with shallow curie point depths (0.11-1.72 km) and areas with deeper curie point depths (0.34-4.46 km). The geothermal gradients measured range from 46.22 to 121.620oCkm-1, while the measured heat-flow values range from 139.16 to 304.05 mWm-2 . This study also reveals how complex magmatic and tectonic linkages of large intrusions and fault systems, particularly the Chain faults that may have extended into the study area, are related to geothermal systems. A common CPD of 3oC100m-1 or 30oCKm-1 and average thermal conductivity values ranging from 105.68 to 227.63mWm-2 are considered to have a good potential for geothermal energy. This result have strong and positive correlation with what is obtained in some countries were geothermal energy is been utilized for power generation. The potential for geothermal energy resources in the area is therefore very high. The study's most important and practical finding is that the area has good potentials for geothermal energy resources, which could be used to compliment the Government-owned Mambilla Hydro-Electric Power Plant, as a reliable renewable energy source.
{"title":"Depth estimation for geothermal reconnaissance deduced from aeromagnetic data over the Mambilla plateau and environs, Taraba State, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Yohanna, Othniel Kamfani Likkason, A. Maigari, Ali Sani, S. Iyakwari, Adamu Abubakar, Mamidak Miner Iliya, Rawen Barnabas Ori, Gideon Ombugu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The geothermal gradient, heat flow and Curie point depth (CPD) were calculated using aeromagnetic data to assess their viability in terms of energy generation around Mambilla plateau and environ, Northeast, Nigeria. Each block of spectral plot was used to determine the depths to the top boundary (Zt), to bottom (Zb) and centroid (Zo). Empirical formula was used to calculate the geothermal gradient, Curie Point Depth (CPD) and heat flow in the area. The resulting depth measurements were then consider as the area's geothermal gradient, heat flow, and curie point depths (CPD). Two CPD locations with geothermal potential are described in the results: areas with shallow curie point depths (0.11-1.72 km) and areas with deeper curie point depths (0.34-4.46 km). The geothermal gradients measured range from 46.22 to 121.620oCkm-1, while the measured heat-flow values range from 139.16 to 304.05 mWm-2 . This study also reveals how complex magmatic and tectonic linkages of large intrusions and fault systems, particularly the Chain faults that may have extended into the study area, are related to geothermal systems. A common CPD of 3oC100m-1 or 30oCKm-1 and average thermal conductivity values ranging from 105.68 to 227.63mWm-2 are considered to have a good potential for geothermal energy. This result have strong and positive correlation with what is obtained in some countries were geothermal energy is been utilized for power generation. The potential for geothermal energy resources in the area is therefore very high. The study's most important and practical finding is that the area has good potentials for geothermal energy resources, which could be used to compliment the Government-owned Mambilla Hydro-Electric Power Plant, as a reliable renewable energy source.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of developing any numerical method is to complement the challenges inherent in obtaining the analytical solution of a differential equation, if at all a closed form solution does exist. In this study we present a one-step implicit code of order eight block algorithms for the purpose of utilizing data at points other than a whole step number. The major advantage of hybrid method is that they possess remarkably small error constants which translate to better approximation. These methods constitute a class of methods whose computational potentialities have probably not yet been fully exploited. Therefore, the performance of the derived block hybrid algorithm is investigated using some numerical examples for the purpose of demonstrating its validity and applicability. The results obtained revealed that the algorithm is suitable for solving first order linear and nonlinear initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations.
{"title":"Investigation of a one-step hybrid algorithm towards the solution of first order linear and nonlinear initial-value problems of ordinary differential equations (FOLNIVP)","authors":"N. Kamoh, B.C. Dang, M. C. Soomiyol","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of developing any numerical method is to complement the challenges inherent in obtaining the analytical solution of a differential equation, if at all a closed form solution does exist. In this study we present a one-step implicit code of order eight block algorithms for the purpose of utilizing data at points other than a whole step number. The major advantage of hybrid method is that they possess remarkably small error constants which translate to better approximation. These methods constitute a class of methods whose computational potentialities have probably not yet been fully exploited. Therefore, the performance of the derived block hybrid algorithm is investigated using some numerical examples for the purpose of demonstrating its validity and applicability. The results obtained revealed that the algorithm is suitable for solving first order linear and nonlinear initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H.M. Muhammed, D. Y. Stephen, U.A. Gabi, A. M. Rabe, M.L. Saratu
Drought is one of the most unfavorable abiotic factors that can affect the growth and yield of cowpea. Drought at different reproductive stages can interfere with the morphological processes of plants. Therefore this research aim to determine the effect of drought at different reproductive stages on yield and yield components of some cowpea varieties. A screen house experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden of Biological Science Department, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, University during the 2022 cropping season The three cowpea varieties used were; FUAMPEA 1, FUAMPEA 2 and ITK89KD-288 which were planted and subjected to water stress at three different reproductive stages which included; early flowering stage, early pod set stage, early seed filling stage and a well-watered treatment to serve as control. The treatments were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in three replications. Cowpea yield attributes evaluated were; number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight per pot, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. Results revealed that variety was highly significant (p≤0.01) for pod length, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. On the other hand, drought was significant (p≤0.05) for pod weight per pot. Variety however was not significant for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Drought showed a highly significant effect (p≤0.01) on number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight per pot, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. Water stress at early seed filling stage significantly reduced total grain yield per plot and total grain yield per hectare. Drought at different reproductive stages affects the morphological and physiological processes of cowpea as a crop. This is an indication that water is very crucial during the growth and yield of cowpea.
{"title":"Effect of drought at different reproductive stages on yield and yield components of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l. Walp) varieties in Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"H.M. Muhammed, D. Y. Stephen, U.A. Gabi, A. M. Rabe, M.L. Saratu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.21","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the most unfavorable abiotic factors that can affect the growth and yield of cowpea. Drought at different reproductive stages can interfere with the morphological processes of plants. Therefore this research aim to determine the effect of drought at different reproductive stages on yield and yield components of some cowpea varieties. A screen house experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden of Biological Science Department, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, University during the 2022 cropping season The three cowpea varieties used were; FUAMPEA 1, FUAMPEA 2 and ITK89KD-288 which were planted and subjected to water stress at three different reproductive stages which included; early flowering stage, early pod set stage, early seed filling stage and a well-watered treatment to serve as control. The treatments were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in three replications. Cowpea yield attributes evaluated were; number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight per pot, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. Results revealed that variety was highly significant (p≤0.01) for pod length, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. On the other hand, drought was significant (p≤0.05) for pod weight per pot. Variety however was not significant for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Drought showed a highly significant effect (p≤0.01) on number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight per pot, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, total grain yield per pot and estimated grain yield per hectare. Water stress at early seed filling stage significantly reduced total grain yield per plot and total grain yield per hectare. Drought at different reproductive stages affects the morphological and physiological processes of cowpea as a crop. This is an indication that water is very crucial during the growth and yield of cowpea.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"38 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baba Gabi, Aishatu M. Aliyu, J. T. Orasugh, Zakari Abdullahi
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the development of novel antibacterial agents with reduced environmental impact. In this study, we present a novel green synthesis approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a plant-based extract. These AgNPs were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by exhibiting a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at around 401 and 420 nm. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape and exhibited an average size within the nanoscale range. FTIR analysis was employed to elucidate the potential bioactive compounds present in the plant extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of these synthesized AgNPs against a panel of bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates were sensitive to the silver nanoparticles. Staphylococcus aureus as found to be most resistant, while E. coli as found to be the most sensitive.
{"title":"Green synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of silver nano particles against some bacterial isolates","authors":"Baba Gabi, Aishatu M. Aliyu, J. T. Orasugh, Zakari Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the development of novel antibacterial agents with reduced environmental impact. In this study, we present a novel green synthesis approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a plant-based extract. These AgNPs were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by exhibiting a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at around 401 and 420 nm. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape and exhibited an average size within the nanoscale range. FTIR analysis was employed to elucidate the potential bioactive compounds present in the plant extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of these synthesized AgNPs against a panel of bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates were sensitive to the silver nanoparticles. Staphylococcus aureus as found to be most resistant, while E. coli as found to be the most sensitive.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth of Crotallaria retusa and Senna occidentalis under three phosphorus levels (low, medium, and high). Conducted in the experimental garden of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, the soil samples were collected from a degraded site at the Institute of Agricultural Research, sieved, and sterilized. Perforated buckets were filled with sterilized soil, and the trench method was employed for AMF application. Three phosphorus levels were tested, and seeds of C. retusa and S. occidentalis were planted in individual buckets. Daily watering and observations were carried out for twelve weeks, measuring seedling height, leaf length, width, and number of leaves. The results indicate that high phosphorus concentration (12g/bucket) constrains the growth of C. retusa, while medium concentration (6g/bucket) enhances shoot length, branches, and leaves. AMF inoculation significantly improves growth attributes, but reduced growth in C. retusa under high phosphorus suggests potential incompatibility between phosphorus and AMF. At week 6, medium phosphorus (6g/bucket) resulted in more leaves (122.17±37.61) than low and high levels. Lowest growth occurred at low phosphorus (0g/bucket). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved overall growth, but high phosphorus hindered C. retusa growth due to potential incompatibility with AMF. Overall, the study highlights the complex interplay between AMF, phosphorus levels, and plant growth, offering insights into optimizing conditions for the cultivation of C. retusa and S. occidentalis.
本研究调查了在三种磷水平（低、中、高）下，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对 Crotallaria retusa 和 Senna occidentalis 生长的影响。实验在扎里亚艾哈迈杜-贝洛大学的实验园进行，土壤样本从农业研究所的一个退化场地采集，过筛并消毒。在带孔的桶中装入消毒过的土壤，并采用沟渠法施用 AMF。测试了三个磷含量水平，并在每个桶中种植了 C. retusa 和 S. occidentalis 的种子。每天浇水并观察 12 周，测量幼苗高度、叶片长度、宽度和叶片数量。结果表明，高浓度磷（12 克/桶）限制了 C. retusa 的生长，而中等浓度磷（6 克/桶）则增加了幼苗的长度、分枝和叶片。接种 AMF 能明显改善生长特性，但在高磷条件下，网纹草的生长量减少，这表明磷和 AMF 之间可能不相容。第 6 周时，中磷（6 克/桶）比低磷和高磷条件下的叶片数（122.17±37.61）更多。低磷（0 克/桶）时生长量最低。丛枝菌根真菌改善了总体生长状况，但由于与丛枝菌根真菌可能不相容，高磷会阻碍 C. retusa 的生长。总之，该研究强调了丛枝菌根真菌、磷水平和植物生长之间复杂的相互作用，为优化 C. retusa 和 S. occidentalis 的栽培条件提供了启示。
{"title":"Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on nutrient uptake and the growth of C. retusa and S. occidentalis under phosphorus stress","authors":"S. A. Jere, W.S. Japhet, D. Iortsuun, A.M. Chia","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth of Crotallaria retusa and Senna occidentalis under three phosphorus levels (low, medium, and high). Conducted in the experimental garden of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, the soil samples were collected from a degraded site at the Institute of Agricultural Research, sieved, and sterilized. Perforated buckets were filled with sterilized soil, and the trench method was employed for AMF application. Three phosphorus levels were tested, and seeds of C. retusa and S. occidentalis were planted in individual buckets. Daily watering and observations were carried out for twelve weeks, measuring seedling height, leaf length, width, and number of leaves. The results indicate that high phosphorus concentration (12g/bucket) constrains the growth of C. retusa, while medium concentration (6g/bucket) enhances shoot length, branches, and leaves. AMF inoculation significantly improves growth attributes, but reduced growth in C. retusa under high phosphorus suggests potential incompatibility between phosphorus and AMF. At week 6, medium phosphorus (6g/bucket) resulted in more leaves (122.17±37.61) than low and high levels. Lowest growth occurred at low phosphorus (0g/bucket). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved overall growth, but high phosphorus hindered C. retusa growth due to potential incompatibility with AMF. Overall, the study highlights the complex interplay between AMF, phosphorus levels, and plant growth, offering insights into optimizing conditions for the cultivation of C. retusa and S. occidentalis.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activated charcoal or carbon commonly employed as filter examinant of water, and air with surface area of 300–2,000m2/g, adsorbs a wide range of impurities and contaminants. This study was undertaken to produce adsorbent from plantain peels (Natural based), for the treatment of water samples, subsequently tested. Pyrolysis activation method was adopted using H3P04 and KOH. Water samples of wells from Gonigora, boreholes from Ungwan Romi, fishponds from Kawo and Kaduna Polytechnic, river water from river Kaduna, rain, tap from Tudun Wada and Eva water from Coca-Cola were used for the analysis. Which include water treatment, pH determination, total suspended, total dissolved, and total volatile solids, colour and odour determination. The results showed activated carbon effectiveness on pH of water samples well within 7.00, for borehole, Tap, and 7.02, for pond, rain and Eva waters, while 7.10 for river water. This indicated that the adsorbent is active and compared favorably with the standard adsorbent which pH of the water samples treated were 7.00 for pond, rain, tap and Eva, while 7.02 and 7.04 for borehole and river water respectively. This validated the production of granular natural based adsorbent via pyrolysis of plantain peels at 4500C by chemical activation method. Therefore an economical adsorbent obtained naturally based as cheap, readily available waste material for future commercial purification application.
{"title":"Production and purification of water using natural based adsorbent from plantain peels","authors":"Baba Gabi, H. Umar, Y. Yakubu, B. Shehu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Activated charcoal or carbon commonly employed as filter examinant of water, and air with surface area of 300–2,000m2/g, adsorbs a wide range of impurities and contaminants. This study was undertaken to produce adsorbent from plantain peels (Natural based), for the treatment of water samples, subsequently tested. Pyrolysis activation method was adopted using H3P04 and KOH. Water samples of wells from Gonigora, boreholes from Ungwan Romi, fishponds from Kawo and Kaduna Polytechnic, river water from river Kaduna, rain, tap from Tudun Wada and Eva water from Coca-Cola were used for the analysis. Which include water treatment, pH determination, total suspended, total dissolved, and total volatile solids, colour and odour determination. The results showed activated carbon effectiveness on pH of water samples well within 7.00, for borehole, Tap, and 7.02, for pond, rain and Eva waters, while 7.10 for river water. This indicated that the adsorbent is active and compared favorably with the standard adsorbent which pH of the water samples treated were 7.00 for pond, rain, tap and Eva, while 7.02 and 7.04 for borehole and river water respectively. This validated the production of granular natural based adsorbent via pyrolysis of plantain peels at 4500C by chemical activation method. Therefore an economical adsorbent obtained naturally based as cheap, readily available waste material for future commercial purification application.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":" 94","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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