The machine learning technique for prediction and optimization of building material performances became an essential feature in the contemporary civil engineering. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prognosis of mortar behavior was conducted in this study. The model appraised the design and characteristics of seventeen either building or high-temperature mortars. Seven different cement types were employed. Seventeen mineral additives of primary and secondary origin were embedded in the mortar mixtures. Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis designated groups of similar mortars assigning them a specific purpose based on monitored characteristics. ANN foresaw the quality of designed mortars. The impact of implemented raw materials on the mortar quality was assessed and evaluated. ANN outputs highlighted the high suitability level of anticipation, i.e., 0.999 during the training period, which is regarded appropriate enough to correctly predict the observed outputs in a wide range of processing parameters. Due to the high predictive accuracy, ANN can replace or be used in combination with standard destructive tests thereby saving the construction industry time, resources, and capital. Good performances of altered cement mortars are positive sign for widening of economical mineral additives application in building materials and making progress towards achieved carbon neutrality by reducing its emission.
{"title":"Application of artificial neural networks in performance prediction of cement mortars with various mineral additives","authors":"A. Terzic, Milada L. Pezo, L. Pezo","doi":"10.2298/sos2301011t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos2301011t","url":null,"abstract":"The machine learning technique for prediction and optimization of building material performances became an essential feature in the contemporary civil engineering. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prognosis of mortar behavior was conducted in this study. The model appraised the design and characteristics of seventeen either building or high-temperature mortars. Seven different cement types were employed. Seventeen mineral additives of primary and secondary origin were embedded in the mortar mixtures. Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis designated groups of similar mortars assigning them a specific purpose based on monitored characteristics. ANN foresaw the quality of designed mortars. The impact of implemented raw materials on the mortar quality was assessed and evaluated. ANN outputs highlighted the high suitability level of anticipation, i.e., 0.999 during the training period, which is regarded appropriate enough to correctly predict the observed outputs in a wide range of processing parameters. Due to the high predictive accuracy, ANN can replace or be used in combination with standard destructive tests thereby saving the construction industry time, resources, and capital. Good performances of altered cement mortars are positive sign for widening of economical mineral additives application in building materials and making progress towards achieved carbon neutrality by reducing its emission.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68811406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Rajesh Kannan, R. Vaira Vignesh, M. Govindaraju, P. S. Samuel Ratna Kumar
Fe/Cu-based sintered friction materials are proven potential materials for heavy-duty applications. The current research explores the influence of rare earth oxide (Nd2O3) and graphite on the tribological characteristics of Fe/Cu-based friction materials. The constituents present in the friction material are Fe, Cu, Cg (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%), BaSO4, and Nd2O3 (5%). Optical microscopy and elemental mapping studies reveal the homogeneous distribution of elements in the matrix. Sintered density of the specimens showed a maximum of 70% of the theoretical density measured by Archimedes' principle. XRD analysis shows no new phase formation in all the sintered specimens. A peak microhardness result of 96 HV is obtained in specimen NG-01. The pin-on-disc tribotests are performed at an axial load of 50 N at a sliding velocity of 5.5 m/s. Specimen NG-03 with 3% graphite exhibited an optimum wear rate with a friction coefficient of 0.45. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the worn specimens are investigated. The morphological features inferred that the wear mechanism is predominantly mixed abrasive and adhesive.
{"title":"Influence of rare earth oxide and graphite on the mechanical and tribological properties of Fe/Cu based sintered friction materials","authors":"K. Rajesh Kannan, R. Vaira Vignesh, M. Govindaraju, P. S. Samuel Ratna Kumar","doi":"10.2298/sos230306034r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos230306034r","url":null,"abstract":"Fe/Cu-based sintered friction materials are proven potential materials for heavy-duty applications. The current research explores the influence of rare earth oxide (Nd2O3) and graphite on the tribological characteristics of Fe/Cu-based friction materials. The constituents present in the friction material are Fe, Cu, Cg (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%), BaSO4, and Nd2O3 (5%). Optical microscopy and elemental mapping studies reveal the homogeneous distribution of elements in the matrix. Sintered density of the specimens showed a maximum of 70% of the theoretical density measured by Archimedes' principle. XRD analysis shows no new phase formation in all the sintered specimens. A peak microhardness result of 96 HV is obtained in specimen NG-01. The pin-on-disc tribotests are performed at an axial load of 50 N at a sliding velocity of 5.5 m/s. Specimen NG-03 with 3% graphite exhibited an optimum wear rate with a friction coefficient of 0.45. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the worn specimens are investigated. The morphological features inferred that the wear mechanism is predominantly mixed abrasive and adhesive.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68811554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Lazarević, A. Milutinović, L. Andjelković, M. Petrović, B. Hadžić, M. Romčević, J. Trajic, N. Romčević
Single phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with nanoparticles of similar sizes (15.7-19 nm) was obtained by different synthesis methods: coprecipitation, ultrasonically assisted coprecipitation, coprecipitation followed by mechanochemical treatment, microemulsion and microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The obtained CoFe2O4 samples have been studied using a variety of characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, far infrared (FIR) reflectivity and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in combination with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in mid IR spectra. Different methods of synthesis produced nanoparticles with different lattice constants, internal stresses and different cation inversion values. This is confirmed in the subtle changes in the Raman and IR spectra of different CoFe2O4 nano-powders. The Raman spectra of CoFe2O4 were compared with the spectra of other ferrites and some cubic oxide spinels in an attempt to evaluate the contribution of tetrahedral and octahedral oscillations in certain Raman modes.
{"title":"Characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles obtained by various synthesis methods and comparison with the Raman spectra of other ferrites and some cubic oxide spinels","authors":"Z. Lazarević, A. Milutinović, L. Andjelković, M. Petrović, B. Hadžić, M. Romčević, J. Trajic, N. Romčević","doi":"10.2298/sos230322035l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos230322035l","url":null,"abstract":"Single phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with nanoparticles of similar sizes (15.7-19 nm) was obtained by different synthesis methods: coprecipitation, ultrasonically assisted coprecipitation, coprecipitation followed by mechanochemical treatment, microemulsion and microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The obtained CoFe2O4 samples have been studied using a variety of characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, far infrared (FIR) reflectivity and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in combination with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in mid IR spectra. Different methods of synthesis produced nanoparticles with different lattice constants, internal stresses and different cation inversion values. This is confirmed in the subtle changes in the Raman and IR spectra of different CoFe2O4 nano-powders. The Raman spectra of CoFe2O4 were compared with the spectra of other ferrites and some cubic oxide spinels in an attempt to evaluate the contribution of tetrahedral and octahedral oscillations in certain Raman modes.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68811842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Jevtic, G. Mladenović, Aleksa Milovanovic, Isaak Trajković, M. Djurkovic, Nenad Korolija, M. Milosevic
This article aims to investigate the mechanical characteristics of specimens fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering technology. The research covers flexural specimens, produced by PA12 materials. CAD model dimensions were selected according to the ISO 178 standard, and the chosen specimen geometry is 96 x 8 x 4 [mm] in bulk. All specimens were produced using a specialized machine Fuse 1 (FormLabs, Summerville, MA). Four specimen batches were produced, each with a different printing orientation (i.e. vertical and horizontal) and location on the printing plate (i.e. in the middle and on the edge of the powder bed). The specimens are tested using a Shimadzu universal machine for testing the mechanical characteristics of materials, AGS-X 100 kN, with a unique additional tool for testing 3-point bending specimens.
本文旨在研究选择性激光烧结技术制备的试样的力学特性。本研究涵盖了由PA12材料制作的弯曲试件。根据ISO 178标准选择CAD模型尺寸，所选试样几何尺寸为96 x 8 x 4 [mm]。所有标本均使用专用机器Fuse 1 (FormLabs, Summerville, MA)制作。制作了四个样品批次，每个批次具有不同的印刷方向(即垂直和水平)和印版上的位置(即在粉末床的中间和边缘)。样品测试使用岛津通用机器测试材料的机械特性，AGS-X 100 kN，与一个独特的附加工具测试三点弯曲样品。
{"title":"The influence of printing orientation on the flexural strength of PA 12 specimens produced by SLS","authors":"Ivana Jevtic, G. Mladenović, Aleksa Milovanovic, Isaak Trajković, M. Djurkovic, Nenad Korolija, M. Milosevic","doi":"10.2298/sos230508031j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos230508031j","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to investigate the mechanical characteristics of specimens fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering technology. The research covers flexural specimens, produced by PA12 materials. CAD model dimensions were selected according to the ISO 178 standard, and the chosen specimen geometry is 96 x 8 x 4 [mm] in bulk. All specimens were produced using a specialized machine Fuse 1 (FormLabs, Summerville, MA). Four specimen batches were produced, each with a different printing orientation (i.e. vertical and horizontal) and location on the printing plate (i.e. in the middle and on the edge of the powder bed). The specimens are tested using a Shimadzu universal machine for testing the mechanical characteristics of materials, AGS-X 100 kN, with a unique additional tool for testing 3-point bending specimens.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68812168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) alloys were first dissoluted at 850?C for 120 min. and then were aged at 250?C, 350?C, 450?C, 550?C, 650?C and 750?C respectively. After each aging duration (by looking at hardness ratios aged between 9 to 54 hours), the hardness of the samples was measured. Depending on the aging temperature and time increase, hardness increased upon the formation of ?' phases. After the formation of ?' phases, the hardness started to decrease. The highest hardness value was measured in the sample aged at 450?C for 24 hours. The wear behavior of the untreated and the aged samples was investigated through a detailed pin-on-disc test. The effect of the aging temperature on the volume loss, the specific wear rate, and the coefficient of friction were examined. Metallographic analyses were performed before and after the wear tests. Both abrasive and adhesive wear formations were observed on the FESEM-EDS images of the worn surfaces. When the results were evaluated, it was observed that the highest hardness and good wear behavior were obtained for the samples aged at 450?C for 24 hours.
{"title":"The effect of aging temperature and aging duration on the dry sliding wear behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy","authors":"S. Aksöz","doi":"10.2298/sos230524033a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos230524033a","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) alloys were first dissoluted at 850?C for 120 min. and then were aged at 250?C, 350?C, 450?C, 550?C, 650?C and 750?C respectively. After each aging duration (by looking at hardness ratios aged between 9 to 54 hours), the hardness of the samples was measured. Depending on the aging temperature and time increase, hardness increased upon the formation of ?' phases. After the formation of ?' phases, the hardness started to decrease. The highest hardness value was measured in the sample aged at 450?C for 24 hours. The wear behavior of the untreated and the aged samples was investigated through a detailed pin-on-disc test. The effect of the aging temperature on the volume loss, the specific wear rate, and the coefficient of friction were examined. Metallographic analyses were performed before and after the wear tests. Both abrasive and adhesive wear formations were observed on the FESEM-EDS images of the worn surfaces. When the results were evaluated, it was observed that the highest hardness and good wear behavior were obtained for the samples aged at 450?C for 24 hours.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68812421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, bronze-based brake linings containing 0-8 wt% glass powder were manufactured by a hot pressing process and tribological properties of produced samples were investigated using a Chase-type friction tester. The hardness and density of the samples were also determined. The microstructures and friction surfaces of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, it was dermined that the sample that was reinforced with 8 wt% glass powder has exhibited the best wear behavior. Furthermore, a reduction in the friction coefficient of all the samples with increasing friction surface temperature was observed. The results have showed that friction coefficient stability of the brake lining samples could be improved with the increasing content of glass powder.
{"title":"Effect of glass powder on the friction performance of automotive brake lining materials","authors":"Hüsamettin Kuş, D. Altiparmak","doi":"10.2298/sos211017006k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos211017006k","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, bronze-based brake linings containing 0-8 wt% glass powder were manufactured by a hot pressing process and tribological properties of produced samples were investigated using a Chase-type friction tester. The hardness and density of the samples were also determined. The microstructures and friction surfaces of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, it was dermined that the sample that was reinforced with 8 wt% glass powder has exhibited the best wear behavior. Furthermore, a reduction in the friction coefficient of all the samples with increasing friction surface temperature was observed. The results have showed that friction coefficient stability of the brake lining samples could be improved with the increasing content of glass powder.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68808682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Stevanović, N. Jović-Jovičić, A. Popovič, B. Dojčinović, A. Milutinović-Nikolić, P. Banković, M. Ajdukovic
Catalytic degradation of tartrazine in the presence of Oxone? activated by a catalyst constituted of cobalt supported on a nanocomposite of smectite with chitosan-derived carbon was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized using cobalt impregnation followed by carbonization at 773 K in an inert atmosphere. The synthesized catalyst was previously fully characterized using appropriate characterization methods, including XRPD, XPS, FTIR, HR-TEM, and low-temperature N2-physisorption analysis. The catalytic experiments were performed by varying different experimental parameters (dye concentration, Oxone? concentration, temperature, and initial pH of the reaction solution). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated from the experimental results. The kinetics data showed the best fit with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The activation energy of the investigated degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. The catalyst showed excellent performance at low temperatures even at 298 K, and in the wide range of pH values.
{"title":"Cobalt supported chitosan-derived carbon-smectite catalyst in Oxone® induced dye degradation","authors":"G. Stevanović, N. Jović-Jovičić, A. Popovič, B. Dojčinović, A. Milutinović-Nikolić, P. Banković, M. Ajdukovic","doi":"10.2298/sos230427037s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos230427037s","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic degradation of tartrazine in the presence of Oxone? activated by a catalyst constituted of cobalt supported on a nanocomposite of smectite with chitosan-derived carbon was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized using cobalt impregnation followed by carbonization at 773 K in an inert atmosphere. The synthesized catalyst was previously fully characterized using appropriate characterization methods, including XRPD, XPS, FTIR, HR-TEM, and low-temperature N2-physisorption analysis. The catalytic experiments were performed by varying different experimental parameters (dye concentration, Oxone? concentration, temperature, and initial pH of the reaction solution). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated from the experimental results. The kinetics data showed the best fit with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The activation energy of the investigated degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. The catalyst showed excellent performance at low temperatures even at 298 K, and in the wide range of pH values.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68812413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of Ni-Co-Bronze composites is crucial for various applications. In this study, five Ni-Co-Bronze (CuSn) + XTiC (0, 3, 7, 10, and 15 wt.%) composites were produced by using the hot pressing method. The effect of TiC reinforcement rate on each of their microstructure, wear, hardness, and thermal properties was investigated. Within the scope of microstructure analysis, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and XRD analysis were employed. Thermal analyses were carried out for thermal differences between the samples. Furthermore, microhardness, impact, and wear tests were run to estimate mechanical behaviors of Ni-Co Bronze + XTiC composite. Experimental results indicated that TiC rate had an important effect on the microstructure, wear-resistance and microhardness of Ni-Co bronze composite. As the TiC reinforcement rate increased, the hardness of Ni-Co Bronze + XTiC composites varied between 180 HV and 450 HV. Consequently, microstructure analysis revealed that there was a serious interaction between reinforcement and matrix. Wear resistance increased with a TiC (7-10) wt. % rate but decreased at high TiC rates. It was clearly seen that the wear pattern was both oxidative and abrasive.
{"title":"Production of Ni-Co-bronze composites with different tic composition by hot pressing","authors":"A. Imak, M. Kilic, I. Kirik","doi":"10.2298/sos220404007i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos220404007i","url":null,"abstract":"Improving microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of Ni-Co-Bronze composites is crucial for various applications. In this study, five Ni-Co-Bronze (CuSn) + XTiC (0, 3, 7, 10, and 15 wt.%) composites were produced by using the hot pressing method. The effect of TiC reinforcement rate on each of their microstructure, wear, hardness, and thermal properties was investigated. Within the scope of microstructure analysis, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and XRD analysis were employed. Thermal analyses were carried out for thermal differences between the samples. Furthermore, microhardness, impact, and wear tests were run to estimate mechanical behaviors of Ni-Co Bronze + XTiC composite. Experimental results indicated that TiC rate had an important effect on the microstructure, wear-resistance and microhardness of Ni-Co bronze composite. As the TiC reinforcement rate increased, the hardness of Ni-Co Bronze + XTiC composites varied between 180 HV and 450 HV. Consequently, microstructure analysis revealed that there was a serious interaction between reinforcement and matrix. Wear resistance increased with a TiC (7-10) wt. % rate but decreased at high TiC rates. It was clearly seen that the wear pattern was both oxidative and abrasive.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68809488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Elahi, Elizabeth Winterholler, Jude A. Horsley, Taylor D. Sparks
Samples of 6 mol%Sc2O3 ? 1 mol% CeO2 co ? doped ZrO2 were fabricated by conventional ceramic processing methods and sintered at various temperatures from 1000?C to 1650?C in air. The sintering conditions on microstructure and phase content are investigated using various characterization methods, including pycnometry, diffraction, and spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of samples was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effect of inductive load (measured from room temperature to 800?C) is discussed in low to high temperature regimes. At T < 400?C since the arc is not a complete semicircle, the high-frequency arc could be fit using a constant phase element (CPE), while by subtraction of inductive load, a good fit is achieved using a capacitor element instead of CPE. The Arrhenius conductivity plot of samples reveals that the specimen sintered at 1600?C for 6 hours exhibits the highest conductivity. The activation energy (Ea) and conductivity pre-exponential (??0) factor are calculated from a linear fit to data that decreases by the increase in sintering temperature.
6mol %Sc2O3 ?1mol % CeO2 co ?采用传统的陶瓷加工方法制备了掺杂ZrO2，并在1000?C到1650年?C在空气中。采用各种表征方法，包括体积学、衍射和光谱学，研究了烧结条件对微观结构和相含量的影响。利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了样品的电导率。感应负载的影响(测量从室温到800°C)，讨论了在低到高温制度。T < 400?由于电弧不是一个完整的半圆，高频电弧可以使用恒相元件(CPE)进行适配，而通过减去感性负载，使用电容元件代替CPE实现良好的适配。样品的Arrhenius电导率图显示，试样在1600?在C下放置6小时，电导率最高。通过线性拟合计算活化能(Ea)和电导率指数前因子(0)，该因子随烧结温度的升高而减小。
{"title":"The influence of sintering condition on microstructure, phase composition, and electrochemical performance of the scandia-ceria-Co-doped zirconia for SOFCs","authors":"P. Elahi, Elizabeth Winterholler, Jude A. Horsley, Taylor D. Sparks","doi":"10.2298/sos220805009e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos220805009e","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of 6 mol%Sc2O3 ? 1 mol% CeO2 co ? doped ZrO2 were fabricated by conventional ceramic processing methods and sintered at various temperatures from 1000?C to 1650?C in air. The sintering conditions on microstructure and phase content are investigated using various characterization methods, including pycnometry, diffraction, and spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of samples was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effect of inductive load (measured from room temperature to 800?C) is discussed in low to high temperature regimes. At T < 400?C since the arc is not a complete semicircle, the high-frequency arc could be fit using a constant phase element (CPE), while by subtraction of inductive load, a good fit is achieved using a capacitor element instead of CPE. The Arrhenius conductivity plot of samples reveals that the specimen sintered at 1600?C for 6 hours exhibits the highest conductivity. The activation energy (Ea) and conductivity pre-exponential (??0) factor are calculated from a linear fit to data that decreases by the increase in sintering temperature.","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68811006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elayeb, Milovan R. Janković, Stefan Dikic, D. Bekric, I. Balać
Tensile properties of thin plate specimens made from short carbon fiber reinforced PET-G material are experimentally evaluated for various raster angles (printing directions). In additive manufacturing (AM), raster angle is recognized as one of the key printing parameters which strongly influences the strength and stiffness of the final part. The relatively high average value of ultimate tensile strength was obtained for specimens printed with the 0? raster angle, compared to the value obtained for specimens printed with the 90? raster angle - 52.2 MPa and 25.4 MPa, respectively. Similarly, noticeably higher average value of modulus of elasticity was obtained for specimens printed with the 0? raster angle, compared to the value obtained for specimens printed with the 90? raster angle - 4752 MPa and 1569 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysis of specimens? fracture surfaces. SEM images revealed considerable volume fraction of voids (porosity). ?he porosity, together with weak bonding between two adjacent rasters, could be one of key factors for poor tensile properties of samples printed with rasters perpendicular to direction of load application (90? raster angle).
{"title":"Influence of raster angle on tensile properties of FDM additively manufactured plates made from carbon reinforced PET-G material","authors":"A. Elayeb, Milovan R. Janković, Stefan Dikic, D. Bekric, I. Balać","doi":"10.2298/sos220916010e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/sos220916010e","url":null,"abstract":"Tensile properties of thin plate specimens made from short carbon fiber reinforced PET-G material are experimentally evaluated for various raster angles (printing directions). In additive manufacturing (AM), raster angle is recognized as one of the key printing parameters which strongly influences the strength and stiffness of the final part. The relatively high average value of ultimate tensile strength was obtained for specimens printed with the 0? raster angle, compared to the value obtained for specimens printed with the 90? raster angle - 52.2 MPa and 25.4 MPa, respectively. Similarly, noticeably higher average value of modulus of elasticity was obtained for specimens printed with the 0? raster angle, compared to the value obtained for specimens printed with the 90? raster angle - 4752 MPa and 1569 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysis of specimens? fracture surfaces. SEM images revealed considerable volume fraction of voids (porosity). ?he porosity, together with weak bonding between two adjacent rasters, could be one of key factors for poor tensile properties of samples printed with rasters perpendicular to direction of load application (90? raster angle).","PeriodicalId":21592,"journal":{"name":"Science of Sintering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68811147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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