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Weight management using meal replacements and cardiometabolic risk reduction in individuals with pre-diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 使用代餐食品控制体重和降低糖尿病前期及代谢综合征患者的心脏代谢风险:随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13751
Jarvis C. Noronha, Stephanie K. Nishi, Tauseef A. Khan, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Hana Kahleová, Dario Rahelić, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Lawrence A. Leiter, Michael E. J. Lean, John L. Sievenpiper

This review synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of meal replacements (MRs) as part of a weight loss intervention with conventional food-based weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk in individuals with pre-diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched through January 16, 2024. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference [95% confidence intervals]. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Ten trials (n = 1254) met the eligibility criteria. MRs led to greater reductions in body weight (−1.38 kg [−1.81, −0.95]), body mass index (BMI, −0.56 kg/m2 [−0.78, −0.34]), waist circumference (−1.17 cm [−1.93, −0.41]), HbA1c (−0.11% [−0.22, 0.00]), LDL-c (−0.18 mmol/L [−0.28, −0.08]), non-HDL-c (−0.17 mmol/L [−0.33, −0.01]), and systolic blood pressure (−2.22 mmHg [−4.20, −0.23]). The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. The available evidence suggests that incorporating MRs into a weight loss intervention leads to small important reductions in body weight, BMI, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, and systolic blood pressure, and trivial reductions in waist circumference and HbA1c, beyond that seen with conventional food-based weight loss diets.

摘要本综述综合了随机对照试验的证据,这些试验比较了作为减肥干预措施一部分的代餐(MR)与传统的基于食物的减肥饮食对糖尿病前期和代谢综合征患者的心脏代谢风险的影响。对 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Library 的检索截止到 2024 年 1 月 16 日。采用通用逆方差法对数据进行汇总,并以平均差[95%置信区间]表示。采用 GRADE 对证据的整体确定性进行评估。十项试验(n = 1254)符合资格标准。MRs 可使体重 (-1.38 kg [-1.81, -0.95])、体重指数 (BMI, -0.56 kg/m2 [-0.78, -0.34])、腰围 (-1.17cm[-1.93, -0.41])、HbA1(-0.56 kg/m2 [-0.78, -0.34])、血糖 (HbA1) 降低更多。41])、HbA1c(-0.11% [-0.22, 0.00])、LDL-c(-0.18 mmol/L [-0.28, -0.08])、非 HDL-c(-0.17 mmol/L [-0.33, -0.01])和收缩压(-2.22 mmHg [-4.20, -0.23])。由于不精确和/或不一致,证据的总体确定性为中低。现有证据表明,在减肥干预中加入 MRs 可使体重、体重指数(BMI)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Non-HDL-c)和收缩压略有显著降低,而腰围和 HbA1c 的降低幅度则微不足道,超过了传统的食物减肥饮食。
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引用次数: 0
Food insecurity during pregnancy in high-income countries, and maternal weight and diet: A systematic review and meta-analysis 高收入国家孕期粮食不安全与孕产妇体重和饮食:系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13753
Giang Nguyen, Zoë Bell, Gemma Andreae, Stephanie Scott, Letitia Sermin-Reed, Amelia A. Lake, Nicola Heslehurst

Food insecurity is a well-established obesity driver. Less is known about food insecurity during pregnancy. This review (PROSPERO:CRD42022311669) aimed to explore associations between food insecurity, maternal obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), and nutrition. Searches included seven databases, gray literature, references, citations, and contacting authors. Observational studies reporting data from January 1st, 2008 to 21 November 2023 in high-income countries were included. Duplicate screening, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed. Random effects meta-analysis estimated odds ratios (OR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Narrative synthesis was conducted when data could not be pooled. Database searches identified 22,272 results; 20 studies were included (n = 19 North America, n = 1 Europe; n = 32,803 women). Food insecurity significantly increased obesity (OR 1.53 95%CI 1.39, 1.66), but not underweight (OR 1.12 95%CI 0.89, 1.34) or overweight (OR 1.18 95%CI 0.90, 1.46). Food insecurity significantly reduced GWG (MD -0.42 kg 95%CI -0.62, −0.22) and increased inadequate GWG (OR 1.16 95%CI 1.05, 1.28), but not excessive GWG (OR 1.04 95%CI 0.96, 1.13). Diet outcomes were inconsistent, with some evidence of reduced vitamin E and diet quality and increased red/processed meat consumption. Further studies outside of North America are needed to inform practice and policy to support maternal health.

摘要食物不安全是导致肥胖的一个公认因素。人们对孕期食物不安全的了解较少。本综述(PROSPERO:CRD42022311669)旨在探讨食物不安全、孕产妇肥胖、妊娠体重增加(GWG)和营养之间的关联。检索包括七个数据库、灰色文献、参考文献、引用文献以及联系作者。纳入的观察性研究报告了 2008 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 11 月 21 日期间高收入国家的数据。进行了重复筛选、数据提取和质量评估。随机效应荟萃分析估算了几率比(OR)、平均差(MD)和 95% 置信区间(CI)。当数据无法汇总时,则进行叙述性综合分析。在数据库中搜索到 22272 项结果;共纳入 20 项研究(n = 19 项北美研究,n = 1 项欧洲研究;n = 32803 名女性)。粮食不安全会明显增加肥胖(OR 1.53 95%CI 1.39, 1.66),但不会增加体重不足(OR 1.12 95%CI 0.89, 1.34)或超重(OR 1.18 95%CI 0.90, 1.46)。粮食不安全会明显降低 GWG(MD -0.42 kg 95%CI -0.62,-0.22),增加 GWG 不足(OR 1.16 95%CI 1.05,1.28),但不会增加 GWG 过多(OR 1.04 95%CI 0.96,1.13)。饮食结果不一致,有证据表明维生素 E 和饮食质量下降,红肉/加工肉类摄入量增加。需要在北美以外地区开展进一步研究,为支持孕产妇健康的实践和政策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of bariatric surgery on sexual function and fertility: A narrative review 减肥手术对性功能和生育能力的影响:叙述性综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13757
Saikam Law, Kating Wan, Wah Yang, Global Obesity Collaborative

Obesity has emerged as a prevalent global health concern, with its detrimental effects on the reproductive system and sexual function garnering increasing attention. Both men and women affected by obesity face a heightened risk of fertility challenges and sexual dysfunction. Although fertility and sexual function are distinct topics, they are intricately linked and mutually influential in both medical and societal contexts. Bariatric surgery (BS) has generated promising results in alleviating sexual dysfunction and enhancing fertility, results which are often gender specific. In men, improvements in sexual function can often be attributed to weight loss and subsequent optimizations in sex hormone levels. However, improving female sexual function may be related to a range of factors beyond weight loss. Bariatric procedures have shown limited benefits for male fertility; in fact, in some situations it can even be detrimental, leading to a decrease in sperm count and quality. Conversely, BS may positively impact female fertility, improving pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Nevertheless, it is essential to consider the potential risks related to the adverse effects of malnutrition and rapid weight loss following BS, making it advisable to wait for 12–18 months before attempting pregnancy.

肥胖已成为全球普遍关注的健康问题,其对生殖系统和性功能的有害影响日益受到人们的关注。受肥胖影响的男性和女性都面临着更高的生育挑战和性功能障碍风险。虽然生育和性功能是两个不同的话题,但它们在医学和社会方面却有着错综复杂的联系和相互影响。减肥手术(BS)在缓解性功能障碍和提高生育能力方面取得了可喜的成果,而这些成果往往具有性别针对性。在男性中,性功能的改善通常归因于体重的减轻以及随后性激素水平的优化。然而,女性性功能的改善可能与减肥以外的一系列因素有关。减肥手术对男性生育能力的益处有限;事实上,在某些情况下,它甚至可能是有害的,导致精子数量和质量下降。相反,减肥手术可能会对女性的生育能力产生积极影响,改善妊娠和新生儿的预后。不过,必须考虑到 BS 术后营养不良和体重急剧下降的不利影响所带来的潜在风险,因此建议在 12-18 个月后再尝试怀孕。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing weight bias and stigma in qualitative research interviews: Considerations for researchers 在定性研究访谈中减少体重偏差和耻辱感:研究人员的注意事项
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13750
Pam Hung, Maxi Miciak, Kristine Godziuk, Douglas P. Gross, Mary Forhan

Perceptions and biases influence how we interact with and experience the world, including in professional roles as researchers. Weight bias, defined as negative attitudes or perceptions towards people that have large bodies, can contribute to weight stigma and discrimination leading to negative health and social consequences. Weight bias is experienced by people living with obesity in media, health care, education, employment and social settings. In research settings, there is potential for weight bias to impact various aspects of qualitative research including the participant-researcher dynamic in interviews. However, evidence-based strategies to reduce weight bias in qualitative research interviews have yet to be identified. We discuss how weight bias may influence research interviews and identify several considerations and strategies for researchers to minimize the impact of weight bias. Strategies include practicing reflexivity, planning and conducting interviews in ways that support rapport building, using inclusive language, and considering participatory methods.

摘要观念和偏见影响着我们与世界互动的方式和对世界的体验,包括作为研究人员的专业角色。体重偏见被定义为对身材高大的人的负面态度或看法,会造成体重耻辱和歧视,导致负面的健康和社会后果。肥胖症患者在媒体、医疗保健、教育、就业和社会环境中都会遭遇体重偏见。在研究环境中,体重偏见有可能影响定性研究的各个方面,包括访谈中参与者与研究者之间的动态关系。然而,在定性研究访谈中减少体重偏差的循证策略尚未确定。我们讨论了体重偏差可能如何影响研究访谈,并为研究人员确定了几项考虑因素和策略,以尽量减少体重偏差的影响。这些策略包括:练习反思能力、以有助于建立融洽关系的方式计划和进行访谈、使用包容性语言以及考虑采用参与式方法。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the child-level effects of family-based interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus 以家庭为基础的预防 2 型糖尿病干预措施在儿童层面效果的系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13742
Mette Kurtzhals, Anne-Louise Bjerregaard, Jane Hybschmann, Alberte Laura Oest Müllertz, Bianca DeSilva, Peter Elsborg, Anne Timm, Therese Lockenwitz Petersen, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Peter Kurtzhals, Trine Flensborg-Madsen, Peter Bentsen, Lærke Mygind

Aims

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of family-based health promotion interventions on child-level risk factors for type 2 diabetes in vulnerable families.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist for systematic reviews formed the methodological framework. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched on January 12, 2024. The NTP-OHAT Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the individual studies, and meta-analyses were performed.

Results

The 4723 studies were identified, and 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects on children's body mass index (mean difference [MD], −0.18, 95% CI [−0.33 to −0.03], p = 0.02), body fat percentage (MD, −2.00, 95% CI [−3.31 to −0.69], p = 0.003), daily activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.23, 95% CI [0.01; 0.44], p = 0.04), physical activity self-efficacy (SMD, 0.73, 95% CI [0.36 to 1.10], p < 0.01), intake of snacks (MD, −0.10, 95% CI [−0.17 to −0.04], p = 0.002), and sugar-sweetened beverages (SMD, −0.21, 95% CI [−0.42 to −0.01], p = 0.04). Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions aiming to change child and parent behavior simultaneously have larger effect on fasting glucose and nutrition consumption, and that interventions longer than 26 weeks have larger effects on body composition and physical activity behavior than shorter interventions.

摘要目的本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在研究基于家庭的健康促进干预措施对弱势家庭中儿童水平的 2 型糖尿病风险因素的影响。方法系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)清单构成了本研究的方法框架。在 2024 年 1 月 12 日对 CINAHL、Embase、MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science 进行了检索。采用 NTP-OHAT 偏倚风险评估工具评估各项研究的偏倚风险,并进行荟萃分析。结果显示,这些研究对儿童的体重指数(平均差 [MD],-0.18,95% CI [-0.33 至 -0.03],p = 0.02)、体脂百分比(MD,-2.00,95% CI [-3.31 至 -0.69],p = 0.003)、日常活动量(标准化平均差 [SMD],0.23,95% CI [0.01;0.44],p = 0.04)、身体活动自我效能(SMD,0.73,95% CI [0.36~1.10],p <;0.01)、零食摄入量(MD,-0.10,95% CI [-0.17~-0.04],p = 0.002)和含糖饮料(SMD,-0.21,95% CI [-0.42~-0.01],p = 0.04)。亚组分析表明,旨在同时改变儿童和家长行为的干预措施对空腹血糖和营养消耗的影响更大,与时间较短的干预措施相比,时间超过26周的干预措施对身体组成和体育锻炼行为的影响更大。
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the child-level effects of family-based interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Mette Kurtzhals,&nbsp;Anne-Louise Bjerregaard,&nbsp;Jane Hybschmann,&nbsp;Alberte Laura Oest Müllertz,&nbsp;Bianca DeSilva,&nbsp;Peter Elsborg,&nbsp;Anne Timm,&nbsp;Therese Lockenwitz Petersen,&nbsp;Lau Caspar Thygesen,&nbsp;Peter Kurtzhals,&nbsp;Trine Flensborg-Madsen,&nbsp;Peter Bentsen,&nbsp;Lærke Mygind","doi":"10.1111/obr.13742","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13742","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of family-based health promotion interventions on child-level risk factors for type 2 diabetes in vulnerable families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist for systematic reviews formed the methodological framework. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched on January 12, 2024. The NTP-OHAT Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the individual studies, and meta-analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 4723 studies were identified, and 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects on children's body mass index (mean difference [MD], −0.18, 95% CI [−0.33 to −0.03], <i>p =</i> 0.02), body fat percentage (MD, −2.00, 95% CI [−3.31 to −0.69], <i>p</i> = 0.003), daily activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.23, 95% CI [0.01; 0.44], <i>p</i> = 0.04), physical activity self-efficacy (SMD, 0.73, 95% CI [0.36 to 1.10], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), intake of snacks (MD, −0.10, 95% CI [−0.17 to −0.04], <i>p</i> = 0.002), and sugar-sweetened beverages (SMD, −0.21, 95% CI [−0.42 to −0.01], <i>p</i> = 0.04). Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions aiming to change child and parent behavior simultaneously have larger effect on fasting glucose and nutrition consumption, and that interventions longer than 26 weeks have larger effects on body composition and physical activity behavior than shorter interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic review of the effects of maternal obesity on neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes 母亲肥胖对妊娠糖尿病妇女新生儿预后影响的系统性研究
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13747
Tessa L. Weir, Monica Majumder, Sarah J. Glastras

Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence are increasing, with both conditions associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. This review aimed to determine the risk of adverse outcomes in women with obesity and GDM, compared with women with obesity alone. A systematic search identified 28 eligible articles. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model, to generate pooled estimates (odds ratios, OR, or mean difference, MD). Compared with normal-weight controls, women with obesity had increased risks of large for gestational age (LGA, OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.52) and macrosomia (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.71, 5.03); the latter's risk almost double in women with obesity than GDM. Birth weight (MD 113 g, 95% CI: 69, 156) and shoulder dystocia (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.78) risk was also higher. GDM significantly amplified neonatal risk in women with obesity, with a three- to four-fold risk of LGA (OR 3.22, 95% CI: 2.17, 4.79) and macrosomia (OR 3.71, 95% CI: 2.76, 4.98), as well as higher birth weights (MD 176 g, 95% CI: 89, 263), preterm delivery (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.77), and shoulder dystocia (OR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.03), when compared with normal-weight controls. Our findings demonstrate that maternal obesity increases serious neonatal adverse risk, magnified by the presence of GDM. Effective strategies are needed to safeguard against neonatal complications associated with maternal obesity, regardless of GDM status.

摘要产妇肥胖和妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的发病率正在上升,这两种情况都与新生儿的不良预后有关。本综述旨在确定肥胖合并 GDM 的产妇与单纯肥胖的产妇相比发生不良预后的风险。通过系统性检索发现了 28 篇符合条件的文章。采用随机效应模型进行了元分析,得出了集合估计值(几率比、OR 或平均差、MD)。与体重正常的对照组相比,肥胖症妇女发生胎龄过大(LGA,OR 1.98,95% CI:1.56, 2.52)和巨大儿(OR 2.93,95% CI:1.71, 5.03)的风险增加;肥胖症妇女发生巨大儿的风险几乎是患糖尿病妇女的两倍。出生体重(MD 113 g,95% CI:69, 156)和肩难产(OR 1.23,95% CI:0.85, 1.78)的风险也较高。GDM 明显增加了肥胖妇女的新生儿风险,LGA(OR 3.22,95% CI:2.17,4.79)和巨大儿(OR 3.71,95% CI:2.76,4.与正常体重对照组相比,产妇肥胖会导致出生体重增加(MD 176 g,95% CI:89,263)、早产(OR 1.49,95% CI:1.25,1.77)和肩难产(OR 1.99,95% CI:1.31,3.03)。我们的研究结果表明,产妇肥胖会增加新生儿的严重不良风险,而 GDM 的存在则会放大这种风险。无论产妇是否患有 GDM,都需要采取有效的策略来预防与产妇肥胖相关的新生儿并发症。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce social inequalities of weight status in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis 减少青少年体重状况社会不平等的干预措施的有效性:系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13752
Mohamed Dakin, Abdou Yacoubou Omorou, Francis Guillemin

Many interventions are implemented in the public health context to overcome social inequalities of weight status in adolescents, but their effectiveness is challenged. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of these interventions with a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched for reports of randomized control trials and quasi-experimental studies aiming to reduce social inequalities of weight status in adolescents in five electronic databases. The primary outcomes were social inequalities in weight-related outcomes (body mass index [BMI], BMI z score, waist circumference, percent body fat, prevalence of overweight/obesity). Interventions were effective when they reduced social inequalities in at least one weight-related outcome. Meta-analyses involved using random-effects models. The review included 38 publications (33 studies) with interventions mostly targeting disadvantaged adolescents (n = 29 studies), showing effectiveness in half of the studies (n = 19/33, 57.6%). The meta-analysis (27 studies) revealed that targeted interventions significantly reduced BMI z score (β = −0.04 [95% CI −0.08, −0.01]), BMI (β = −0.32 [−0.47, −0.18]), and waist circumference (β = −0.84 [−1.48, −0.21]) but not percent body fat (β = −0.27 [−0.71, 0.17]) or prevalence of overweight/obesity (odds ratio = 1.06 [0.85, 1.31]). This review shows moderate effectiveness of interventions targeting disadvantaged adolescents to reduce social inequalities of weight status. High-quality research with better implementation to reach their full potential is required to strengthen their effectiveness.

摘要为克服青少年体重状况的社会不平等,公共卫生领域实施了许多干预措施,但其有效性受到质疑。本研究旨在通过系统回顾和荟萃分析来检验这些干预措施的有效性。我们在五个电子数据库中系统地搜索了旨在减少青少年体重状况社会不平等的随机对照试验和准实验研究报告。主要结果是体重相关结果(体重指数[BMI]、BMI z 分数、腰围、体脂百分比、超重/肥胖发生率)中的社会不平等。当干预措施至少减少了一项体重相关结果的社会不平等时,即为有效干预措施。元分析采用随机效应模型。综述包括 38 篇出版物(33 项研究),干预措施主要针对弱势青少年(n = 29 项研究),半数研究显示有效(n = 19/33, 57.6%)。荟萃分析(27 项研究)显示,有针对性的干预措施显著降低了体重指数 z 值(β = -0.04 [95% CI -0.08,-0.01])、体重指数(β = -0.32 [-0.47,-0.18])和腰围。18])、腰围(β = -0.84 [-1.48, -0.21]),但体脂率(β = -0.27 [-0.71, 0.17])或超重/肥胖发生率(几率比 = 1.06 [0.85, 1.31])则没有影响。本综述显示,针对弱势青少年的干预措施在减少体重状况的社会不平等方面效果一般。为充分发挥干预措施的潜力,需要进行高质量的研究并更好地实施干预措施,以加强其有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Role of micro-RNAs associated with adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic disorders 与脂肪源性细胞外囊泡相关的微 RNA 在代谢紊乱中的作用
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13755
Thomas Payet, Elisa Gabinaud, Jean-François Landrier, Lourdes Mounien

Micro-RNAs have emerged as important actors in the onset of metabolic disorders including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Particularly, several micro-RNAs are known to be key modulators of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, or feeding behavior. Interestingly, the role of extracellular vesicles containing micro-RNAs, especially adipose-derived extracellular vesicles, are well-documented endocrine signals and disease biomarkers. However, the role of adipose-derived extracellular vesicles on the different tissues is different and highly related to the micro-RNA content. This review provides recent data about the potential involvement of adipose-derived extracellular vesicle-containing micro-RNAs in metabolic diseases.

微RNA已成为肥胖或2型糖尿病等代谢性疾病发病的重要因素。特别是,已知有几种微 RNA 是脂质代谢、糖稳态或摄食行为的关键调节因子。有趣的是,含有微 RNAs 的细胞外囊泡,尤其是源自脂肪的细胞外囊泡的作用已被充分证明是内分泌信号和疾病生物标志物。然而,脂肪源性细胞外囊泡对不同组织的作用是不同的,而且与微RNA含量高度相关。本综述提供了有关含微 RNA 的脂肪源性细胞外囊泡可能参与代谢性疾病的最新数据。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of the effectiveness of attentional bias modification to support weight management in individuals who are overweight or obese 对改变注意力偏差以帮助超重或肥胖者控制体重的有效性进行系统性审查
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13745
Catherine Heidi Seage

Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a novel cognitive-based treatment that may help individuals reduce overeating by decreasing food processing bias and food cravings. However, most empirical studies have evaluated the short-term effects of ABM in populations that have body mass indexes that are within healthy ranges; therefore, the extent to which this training method can influence eating behavior in individuals who are overweight or obese remains unclear. This systematic review explored the efficacy of ABM as a tool to support weight management for individuals who are overweight or obese. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings reveal that although training is effective at manipulating attentional bias to food cues, there is limited evidence that training significantly impacted appetite and eating behaviors or led to maintained weight loss.

摘要意向偏差修正(ABM)是一种基于认知的新型治疗方法,可通过减少食物加工偏差和对食物的渴望来帮助人们减少暴饮暴食。然而,大多数实证研究都是在体重指数处于健康范围内的人群中评估 ABM 的短期效果;因此,这种训练方法能在多大程度上影响超重或肥胖人群的饮食行为仍不清楚。本系统性综述探讨了 ABM 作为一种支持超重或肥胖者体重管理的工具的功效。十项研究符合综述的纳入标准。研究结果表明,虽然训练能有效控制对食物线索的注意偏差,但只有有限的证据表明训练能显著影响食欲和进食行为,或导致体重持续下降。
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引用次数: 0
Body mass index and meniscal tears: Evidence from meta-analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization 体重指数与半月板撕裂:观察性研究荟萃分析和孟德尔随机分析的证据
IF 8.9 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13749
Jung Hoon Lee, Seungyeop Oh, Kihun Kim, Dongjun Lee, Eunjeong Son, Tae Woo Kim, Tae Sik Goh, Noo Ree Cho, Yun Hak Kim

Obesity is a potential risk factor for meniscal tear (MT). We utilized meta-analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MT. In meta-analysis, a search was performed on June 27, 2022, using PubMed and Embase databases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from included studies. In MR analyses, the research utilized summary-level data on BMI and MT obtained from Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. In meta-analysis, four studies comprising 826,383 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio of MT in the high BMI group was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–2.09), compared with the nonhigh BMI group. The pooled odds ratio in the under 30 group was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–5.03). In MR analyses, one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI was associated with meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidential interval, 1.17–1.59). We found that a high BMI was not associated with an increased likelihood of MT based on meta-analysis of observational studies; however, by complementing MR analyses, we elucidated the causality of BMI increase on meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT.

摘要肥胖是半月板撕裂(MT)的潜在风险因素。我们利用观察性研究的荟萃分析和孟德尔随机(MR)分析来阐明体重指数(BMI)与半月板撕裂之间的关系。在荟萃分析中,我们于 2022 年 6 月 27 日使用 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库进行了检索。从纳入的研究中提取了比率和 95% 的置信区间。在 MR 分析中,研究利用了分别从人体测量特征遗传调查(Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits)和芬兰基因联盟(FinnGen Consortium)获得的 BMI 和 MT 的汇总数据。在荟萃分析中,共纳入了四项研究,共有 826 383 人参与。与非高 BMI 组相比,高 BMI 组 MT 的汇总几率比为 1.32(95% 置信区间,0.83-2.09)。30 岁以下组的汇总几率比为 1.76(95% 置信区间,0.61-5.03)。在 MR 分析中,基因预测的 BMI 值每增加一个标准差,就会导致作为 MT 慢性亚型的半月板脱位(几率比为 1.36;95% 置信区间为 1.17-1.59)。我们发现,根据观察性研究的荟萃分析,高体重指数与 MT 可能性的增加无关;但是,通过补充 MR 分析,我们阐明了体重指数增加与作为 MT 慢性亚型的半月板损伤的因果关系。
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Obesity Reviews
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