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Community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions for obesity prevention during the first 1000 days: A scoping review 基于社区的饮食和肥胖相关政策、系统和环境干预措施,在最初的 1000 天内预防肥胖:范围综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13815
Chelsea L. Kracht, Cody D. Neshteruk, Kameron J. Moding, Laura J. Rolke, Brooke E. Wagner, Elizabeth Kielb, Mackenzie J. Ferrante, Cayla Robinson, Jason Keinsley, Jordan Colella, Katherine E. Speirs, Courtney T. Luecking

Community-based policy, systems, and environmental interventions have the potential to reduce modifiable risk factors for obesity early in life. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize the breadth, generalizability, and methodological quality of community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions during the first 1000 days of life, from pregnancy to 24 months of age. Eight databases were searched, and 83 studies (122 references) were included. Data were extracted for breadth (intervention characteristics), generalizability (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance), and study quality (Downs and Black Checklist). Systems and environmental approaches were common (> 80%), relative to policy approaches (39%). The majority (60–69%) occurred in the prenatal period and early infancy (0–3 months), assessed breastfeeding or child growth/obesity (53% for both), and included people with lower income (80%) or racial and/or ethnic minority groups (63%). Many interventions reported positive outcomes (i.e., in the expected direction) for child diet, breastfeeding, and feeding practices (> 62%). Few reported intervention maintenance or spanned the full 1000 days. Most studies were classified as good (32%) or fair (56%) methodological quality. The interventions mainly addressed pregnancy and early infancy. Rigorous and representative investigation is needed to improve intervention reach, sustainability, and application in toddlerhood.

基于社区的政策、系统和环境干预措施有可能减少生命早期可改变的肥胖风险因素。本次范围界定综述的目的是对生命最初 1000 天(从怀孕到 24 个月大)内以社区为基础的饮食和肥胖相关政策、系统和环境干预措施的广泛性、普遍性和方法质量进行描述。共检索了 8 个数据库,纳入了 83 项研究(122 篇参考文献)。数据的提取包括广度(干预措施的特点)、可推广性(覆盖范围、有效性、采纳、实施和维持)以及研究质量(Downs 和 Black 检查表)。相对于政策方法(39%),系统和环境方法很常见(> 80%)。大多数干预措施(60-69%)发生在产前和婴儿早期(0-3 个月),对母乳喂养或儿童生长/肥胖进行评估(两者均为 53%),干预对象包括低收入人群(80%)或少数种族和/或少数族裔群体(63%)。许多干预措施报告了对儿童饮食、母乳喂养和喂养方式的积极成果(即朝预期方向发展)(> 62%)。很少有研究报告了干预措施的维持情况或持续了整整 1000 天。大多数研究的方法质量被归类为良好(32%)或一般(56%)。干预措施主要针对孕期和婴儿早期。需要进行严格且具有代表性的调查,以提高干预的覆盖面、可持续性以及在幼儿期的应用。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of social connections as determinants of obesity: Longitudinal evidence limited to marital transitions 社会关系作为肥胖决定因素的系统回顾:仅限于婚姻转变的纵向证据。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13819
Rana Madani Civi, Sanaz Mehranfar, Riley Plunkett, Gerry Veenstra, Annalijn I. Conklin

Background

Social relationships impact health and may affect proximal determinants such as obesity. Our review examined empirical evidence of the impact of changes in social relationships on risk of obesity in aging adults, with attention to gender.

Methods

We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and reference lists of relevant reviews and papers published up to November 2022. Longitudinal studies examining changes in marital status, living arrangement, social participation, and social networks and anthropometric changes or incident obesity were deemed eligible. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized narratively.

Results

We identified 41,910 eligible titles, resulting in 252 full texts and 7 included studies. All studies were conducted in the United States and assessed marital transitions only; 3 studies included both women and men. Overall, compared with people who remain non-married, entering marriage leads to a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) for both genders. Conversely, transitioning out of marriage through widowhood or divorce leads to a decrease in weight (kg/lbs), waist circumference, and BMI for both genders. All seven studies were deemed to be of medium quality.

Conclusions

Our review revealed a paucity of prospective evidence on social connections as determinants of obesity among aging adults. There is limited evidence that marital transitions are associated with changes in anthropometric measurements in aging individuals, but no evidence on the effects of changes in living arrangements, social participation, and social networks on anthropometric measurements. More research attention to the social determinants of obesity is warranted.

背景:社会关系会影响健康,并可能影响肥胖等近端决定因素。我们的综述研究了社会关系变化对老年人肥胖风险影响的经验证据,并关注了性别问题:我们系统地检索了 Medline、EMBASE、Scopus、CINAHL 和 ProQuest Dissertations 以及截至 2022 年 11 月发表的相关综述和论文的参考文献列表。对婚姻状况、生活安排、社会参与和社交网络的变化以及人体测量变化或肥胖事件进行研究的纵向研究被认为符合条件。我们对相关数据进行了提取和综合叙述:我们确定了 41,910 个符合条件的标题,最终得出 252 篇全文和 7 项纳入研究。所有研究都是在美国进行的,并且只评估了婚姻的转变;3 项研究同时纳入了女性和男性。总体而言,与不结婚的人相比,结婚会导致男女的体重指数(BMI)显著增加。相反,因丧偶或离婚而退出婚姻的男女,体重(公斤/磅)、腰围和体重指数都会下降。所有七项研究均被视为中等质量:我们的综述显示,有关社会关系是老年人肥胖决定因素的前瞻性证据很少。有限的证据表明,婚姻变化与老年人人体测量值的变化有关,但没有证据表明生活安排、社会参与和社会网络的变化对人体测量值的影响。有必要对肥胖的社会决定因素进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitators and barriers to healthful eating among adolescents in high-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review 高收入国家青少年健康饮食的促进因素和障碍:混合方法系统综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13813
Jennifer Louey, Jingju He, Stephanie R. Partridge, Margaret Allman-Farinelli

Adolescent obesity continues to be a public health challenge with poor quality diets contributing to its etiology. As part of the process to plan health promotion and policy interventions, understanding adolescents perceived facilitators and barriers to healthful eating is important. An integrative convergent mixed-methods systematic review was used to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence from studies among adolescents aged 10–19 years in high-income countries. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2023 and exploring adolescents' perspectives on healthful eating and contemporary contextual factors. Transformed quantitative data were integrated with qualitative data. Text was coded into subthemes and themes using an inductive approach. Key facilitators included health and physical appearance; motivation; taste; nutrition knowledge, awareness, and skills; nutrition education access; availability and accessibility of healthful foods; family; and social influences and digital media. Key barriers included taste and cravings for unhealthful foods; mood; lack of motivation, awareness, knowledge, and skills; high availability and low cost of unhealthful foods; peers and social influences; ineffective school policies; high density of fast-food outlets; unhealthful food advertising; digital influences; and time constraints. Social, behavioral, digital, and food environmental factors should be considered from an adolescent perspective in the design of education, health promotion, and policy interventions.

青少年肥胖症仍然是一项公共卫生挑战,而劣质饮食是肥胖症的病因之一。作为健康促进和政策干预计划过程的一部分,了解青少年对健康饮食的促进因素和障碍非常重要。本研究采用了一种综合聚合混合方法的系统综述,以综合来自高收入国家 10-19 岁青少年研究的定性和定量证据。研究人员在 Medline、Embase、PsycInfo 和 Scopus 上检索了 2010 年至 2023 年间发表的同行评审文章,这些文章探讨了青少年对健康饮食和当代环境因素的看法。转换后的定量数据与定性数据进行了整合。采用归纳法将文本编码为子主题和主题。主要的促进因素包括健康和外貌;动机;口味;营养知识、意识和技能;营养教育途径;健康食品的可获得性和可及性;家庭;以及社会影响和数字媒体。主要障碍包括:口味和对不健康食品的渴望;情绪;缺乏动力、意识、知识和技能;不健康食品的高供应量和低成本;同伴和社会影响;无效的学校政策;高密度的快餐店;不健康食品广告;数字影响;以及时间限制。在设计教育、健康促进和政策干预措施时,应从青少年的角度考虑社会、行为、数字和食品环境因素。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with weight regain or insufficient weight loss after metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis 胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂对代谢性减肥手术后体重反弹或体重减轻不足患者的安全性和疗效:系统综述与荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13811
Ali Esparham, Ali Mehri, Amin Dalili, Jesse Richards, Zhamak Khorgami

Introduction

Weight regain and insufficient weight loss are major challenges after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), affecting patients' comorbidities and quality of life. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with weight regain or insufficient weight loss after MBS.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant studies.

Results

A total of 19 articles were included. The highest doses of liraglutide and semaglutide were 3 mg per day and 1 mg once weekly, respectively, in the included studies. The mean differences in weight and body mass index after treatment were −7.02 kg or 3.07 kg/m2, −8.65 or −5.22 kg/m2, and −6.99 kg or −3.09 kg/m2 for treatment durations of ≤ 6 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months with liraglutide, respectively. Additionally, weekly semaglutide showed significantly greater weight loss compared to daily liraglutide, with a mean difference of 4.15 kg. Common complications included nausea (19.1%), constipation (8.6%), abdominal pain (3.7%), and vomiting (2.4%).

Conclusion

Using GLP-1 RA is a safe and effective treatment for weight regain and insufficient weight loss after MBS.

导言:体重反弹和体重减轻不足是代谢减肥手术(MBS)后面临的主要挑战,会影响患者的并发症和生活质量。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估 GLP-1 受体激动剂(GLP-1 RA)对代谢性减肥术后体重反弹或体重减轻不足患者的疗效和安全性:方法:在 PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行系统检索,以找到相关研究:结果:共纳入 19 篇文章。在纳入的研究中,利拉鲁肽和塞马鲁肽的最高剂量分别为每天 3 毫克和每周一次 1 毫克。利拉鲁肽治疗时间≤6个月、6-12个月和>12个月时,治疗后体重和体重指数的平均差异分别为-7.02千克或3.07千克/平方米、-8.65或-5.22千克/平方米和-6.99千克或-3.09千克/平方米。此外,与每日服用利拉鲁肽相比,每周服用塞马鲁肽的患者体重减轻幅度更大,平均差异为4.15千克。常见并发症包括恶心(19.1%)、便秘(8.6%)、腹痛(3.7%)和呕吐(2.4%):结论:使用 GLP-1 RA 是治疗 MBS 后体重反弹和体重减轻不足的一种安全有效的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Insights and implications: A reflective commentary on bibliometric analyses in sarcopenic obesity research 见解和影响:对肌肉疏松性肥胖症研究中文献计量分析的反思性评论。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13814
Jie Tian, Ming-Jia Jin, Yang Gao
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review and meta-analysis of loss-of-control eating in relation to cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers 关于失控饮食与心脏代谢健康成分和炎症标志物关系的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13805
Meghan E. Byrne, Lisa M. Shank, Jason M. Lavender, Mary Katy Higgins-Neyland, Alexander Rice, Regan S. Sweeney, Candace Norton, Mark Haigney, Jack A. Yanovski, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff

Introduction

Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, or the subjective experience of being unable to stop eating, is a hallmark feature of binge-eating episodes, which are also characterized by consuming an unusually large amount of food. However, regardless of the size of eating episode, LOC-eating may be a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively examine the relationship of LOC-eating with cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers.

Methods

Search procedures were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines in six electronic databases. Studies of adult or youth samples published in English from the year 2000 onward were included. Given heterogeneity in age groups and adjustment for body mass index across studies, these factors were included as meta-regression moderators.

Results

Fifty-eight studies were identified through the literature search. Among individuals with (versus without) LOC-eating, relative risk ratios provided evidence of a greater relative risk for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; standardized mean differences also provided evidence of higher waist circumference and impaired levels of fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides, but not blood pressure. Age group did not impact cardiometabolic health components. Body mass index differences moderated the effect on waist circumference. A narrative review of inflammatory markers revealed mixed findings linking inflammatory markers to LOC-eating.

Discussion

Overall, evidence for the relationship between LOC-eating and impaired cardiometabolic health underscores LOC-eating as an important early intervention target for prevention of serious adverse health outcomes.

简介:进食失控(LOC),即无法停止进食的主观体验,是暴饮暴食发作的一个标志性特征,而暴饮暴食发作的另一个特征是摄入异常大量的食物。然而,无论进食发作的规模如何,持续进食都可能是导致不良健康后果的风险因素。这篇系统综述和荟萃分析全面研究了LOC饮食与心脏代谢健康成分和炎症标志物的关系:根据系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)报告指南,在六个电子数据库中进行了搜索。纳入了 2000 年以来用英语发表的成人或青少年样本研究。考虑到各研究中年龄组和体重指数调整的异质性,这些因素被列为元回归调节因子:通过文献检索发现了 58 项研究。有(相对于无)LOC饮食的个体中,相对风险比证明代谢综合征、高血压和血脂异常的相对风险更高;标准化平均差也证明腰围更高,空腹血浆葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平受损,但血压没有受损。年龄组对心脏代谢健康成分没有影响。体重指数的差异缓和了对腰围的影响。对炎症标志物的叙述性综述显示,炎症标志物与 LOC 饮食相关的研究结果不一:总之,有关低脂饮食与心血管健康受损之间关系的证据强调,低脂饮食是预防严重不良健康后果的重要早期干预目标。
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of loss-of-control eating in relation to cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers","authors":"Meghan E. Byrne,&nbsp;Lisa M. Shank,&nbsp;Jason M. Lavender,&nbsp;Mary Katy Higgins-Neyland,&nbsp;Alexander Rice,&nbsp;Regan S. Sweeney,&nbsp;Candace Norton,&nbsp;Mark Haigney,&nbsp;Jack A. Yanovski,&nbsp;Marian Tanofsky-Kraff","doi":"10.1111/obr.13805","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, or the subjective experience of being unable to stop eating, is a hallmark feature of binge-eating episodes, which are also characterized by consuming an unusually large amount of food. However, regardless of the size of eating episode, LOC-eating may be a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively examine the relationship of LOC-eating with cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Search procedures were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines in six electronic databases. Studies of adult or youth samples published in English from the year 2000 onward were included. Given heterogeneity in age groups and adjustment for body mass index across studies, these factors were included as meta-regression moderators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-eight studies were identified through the literature search. Among individuals with (versus without) LOC-eating, relative risk ratios provided evidence of a greater relative risk for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; standardized mean differences also provided evidence of higher waist circumference and impaired levels of fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides, but not blood pressure. Age group did not impact cardiometabolic health components. Body mass index differences moderated the effect on waist circumference. A narrative review of inflammatory markers revealed mixed findings linking inflammatory markers to LOC-eating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, evidence for the relationship between LOC-eating and impaired cardiometabolic health underscores LOC-eating as an important early intervention target for prevention of serious adverse health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes: An umbrella review 超重与 COVID-19 结果之间的关联:综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13803
Jamie Matu, Alex Griffiths, Oliver M. Shannon, Andrew Jones, Rhiannon Day, Duncan Radley, Alison Feeley, Lisa Mabbs, Jamie Blackshaw, Naveed Sattar, Louisa Ells

This umbrella review assessed the association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for reviews that assessed the association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes. A second-order meta-analysis was conducted on the available data for intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation administration, disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality. The quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 appraisal tool. In total, 52 systematic reviews were included, 49 of which included meta-analyses. The risk of severe outcomes (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.70 to 2.05), intensive care unit admission (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.72), invasive mechanical ventilation administration (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.83), hospitalization (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61 to 2.05), and mortality (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.48) following COVID-19 infection was significantly higher in individuals living with excess weight compared with those with a healthy weight. There was limited evidence available in the included reviews regarding the influence of moderating factors such as ethnicity, and the majority of included reviews were of poor quality. Obesity appears to represent an important modifiable pre-infection risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including death.

本综述评估了超重与 COVID-19 结果之间的关系。系统检索了MEDLINE、PsycINFO和CINAHL中评估超重与COVID-19结果相关性的综述。根据重症监护室入院、有创机械通气管理、疾病严重程度、住院和死亡率等可用数据进行了二阶荟萃分析。采用 AMSTAR-2 评估工具对纳入的综述进行了质量评估。共纳入了 52 篇系统综述,其中 49 篇包括荟萃分析。严重后果(OR = 1.86;95% CI:1.70 至 2.05)、入住重症监护室(OR = 1.58;95% CI:1.45 至 1.72)、使用有创机械通气(OR = 1.70;95% CI:1.57 至 1.83)、住院(OR = 1.82;95% CI:1.61 至 2.05),以及 COVID-19 感染后的死亡率(OR = 1.35;95% CI:1.24 至 1.48)。在所纳入的综述中,有关种族等调节因素影响的证据有限,且大部分纳入的综述质量较差。肥胖似乎是导致严重 COVID-19 结果(包括死亡)的一个重要的可调节感染前风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Episodic future thinking improves intertemporal choice and food choice in individuals with higher weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis 偶发性未来思维可改善体重较重者的时际选择和食物选择:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13801
Emily Colton, Mia Connors, Justin Mahlberg, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia

Episodic future thinking (EFT) strengthens self-regulation abilities by increasing the perceived value of long-term reinforcements and reducing impulsive choice in delay discounting tasks. As such, EFT interventions have the potential to improve dietary and eating-related decision-making in individuals with obesity or binge eating symptoms, conditions associated with elevated delay discounting. Here, we meta-analyzed evidence from 12 studies that assessed whether EFT interventions improve delay discounting and real-world food choice compared to control interventions. Included studies involved 951 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25). There were no studies involving participants with binge eating disorder. EFT intervention pooled effects were significant, improving delay discounting with a medium effect, g = 0.55, p < 0.0001, and subsequent food choice outcomes with a small effect, g = 0.31, p < 0.01. Notably, our review is the first to analyze mechanisms of effect in this population, demonstrating that improvements were greater when temporal horizons of EFT episodes were aligned with delay discounting tasks and more distant horizons predicted far-transfer to subsequent dietary and eating-related choices. Our findings thus show that EFT is an effective intervention for individuals with higher weight at risk of adverse health consequences.

外显未来思维(EFT)能提高长期强化的感知价值,减少延迟折现任务中的冲动选择,从而增强自我调节能力。因此,EFT 干预措施有可能改善肥胖症或暴饮暴食症状患者的饮食相关决策,这些症状与延迟折现升高有关。在此,我们对来自 12 项研究的证据进行了元分析,这些研究评估了与对照干预相比,EFT 干预是否能改善延迟折现和真实世界中的食物选择。纳入的研究涉及 951 名超重或肥胖的成年人(体重指数 [BMI] ≥25)。没有研究涉及暴食症患者。EFT干预的综合效果显著,改善了延迟折现,效果中等,g = 0.55, p
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引用次数: 0
Cardiometabolic implications of adipose tissue aging 脂肪组织老化对心脏代谢的影响
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13806
Bulbul Ahmed, Melissa G. Farb, Noyan Gokce

Adipose tissue is a large endocrine organ that serves numerous physiological functions. As we age, adipose tissue remodels and can develop functional changes that alters its phenotype, potentially contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Aging adipose tissue is characterized by regional redistribution of fat, accumulation of senescent cells, fibrosis, and decline in adipocyte differentiation capacities, which collectively impact adipose tissue function and whole body health. A notable transformation involves increased accumulation of intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat around internal organs such as the heart, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys that alter their functions. Other changes associated with aging include alterations in adipokine secretion and changes in adipocyte size and numbers. Aging adipocytes play a role in mediating chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Visceral adipose tissue, which increases in volume with aging, is in particular associated with inflammation, angiogenic dysfunction, and microvascular abnormalities, and mediators released by visceral fat may have adverse consequences systemically in multiple target organs, including the cardiovascular system. Understanding mechanisms underlying adipose tissue aging and its impact on cardiovascular health are important for developing interventions and treatments to promote healthy aging and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.

脂肪组织是一个大型内分泌器官,具有多种生理功能。随着年龄的增长,脂肪组织会发生重塑和功能变化,从而改变其表型,可能导致代谢和心血管疾病。老化脂肪组织的特点是脂肪的区域性重新分布、衰老细胞的积累、纤维化和脂肪细胞分化能力的下降,这些都会影响脂肪组织的功能和全身健康。一个显著的变化是腹部内脏脂肪组织和内脏器官(如心脏、血管、肝脏和肾脏)周围的异位脂肪堆积增加,从而改变了它们的功能。与衰老相关的其他变化包括脂肪因子分泌的改变以及脂肪细胞大小和数量的变化。老化的脂肪细胞在慢性炎症、代谢功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗中起着介导作用。内脏脂肪组织的体积会随着衰老而增大,尤其与炎症、血管生成功能障碍和微血管异常有关,内脏脂肪释放的介质可能会对包括心血管系统在内的多个靶器官产生不利影响。了解脂肪组织老化的内在机制及其对心血管健康的影响,对于开发干预措施和治疗方法以促进健康老化和降低心血管代谢疾病风险非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
The utility of obesity polygenic risk scores from research to clinical practice: A review 肥胖多基因风险评分从研究到临床实践的效用:综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13810
Philip R. Jansen, Niels Vos, Jorrit van Uhm, Ilona A. Dekkers, Rieneke van der Meer, Marcel M. A. M. Mannens, Mieke M. van Haelst

Obesity represents a major public health emergency worldwide, and its etiology is shaped by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Over the last decade, polygenic risk scores (PRS) have emerged as a promising tool to quantify an individual's genetic risk of obesity. The field of PRS in obesity genetics is rapidly evolving, shedding new lights on obesity mechanisms and holding promise for contributing to personalized prevention and treatment. Challenges persist in terms of its clinical integration, including the need for further validation in large-scale prospective cohorts, ethical considerations, and implications for health disparities. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PRS for studying the genetics of obesity, spanning from methodological nuances to clinical applications and challenges. We summarize the latest developments in the generation and refinement of PRS for obesity, including advances in methodologies for aggregating genome-wide association study data and improving PRS predictive accuracy, and discuss limitations that need to be overcome to fully realize its potential benefits of PRS in both medicine and public health.

肥胖症是全球重大的公共卫生问题,其病因是由环境和遗传因素的复杂相互作用造成的。在过去十年中,多基因风险评分(PRS)已成为量化个人肥胖遗传风险的一种有前途的工具。肥胖遗传学领域的多基因风险评分正在迅速发展,为肥胖症的发病机制提供了新的线索,并有望为个性化预防和治疗做出贡献。在临床整合方面仍存在挑战,包括需要在大规模前瞻性队列中进一步验证、伦理考虑以及对健康差异的影响。在这篇综述中,我们全面概述了用于研究肥胖遗传学的 PRS,从方法学的细微差别到临床应用和挑战。我们总结了肥胖症 PRS 生成和完善方面的最新进展,包括全基因组关联研究数据汇总方法的进步和 PRS 预测准确性的提高,并讨论了需要克服的局限性,以充分实现 PRS 在医学和公共卫生方面的潜在益处。
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引用次数: 0
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Obesity Reviews
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