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Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients of 70 years and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 腹腔镜减肥手术对 70 岁及以上患者的疗效和安全性:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13867
Jan Kapała, Tomasz Maroszczuk, Natalia Dowgiałło-Gornowicz

Introduction: Aging population and growing obesity prevalence are two major public health issues. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be both safe and effective, but its role in the treatment of the elderly remains controversial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients over 70 years of age.

Methods: A systematic review and assessment of the literature was performed in November-December 2023. Inclusion criteria gathered studies of elderly (age ≥70 years old) who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The data extraction focused on weight loss, obesity-related diseases, and complications.

Results: Fourteen retrospective studies were included, involving 3923 septuagenarians (female, 69.70%). One year after the surgery, the mean excess weight loss was 54.66%. At last follow-up, the improvement in obesity-related diseases was regarded as 50% diagnosed with diabetes, 36% with hypertension, 50% with reflux, 36% with sleep apnea, and 25% with hyperlipidemia. The overall postoperative major morbidity and mortality were about 2% and 1%, respectively.

Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that laparoscopic bariatric surgery is an effective and safe treatment for patients over 70 years of age.

引言人口老龄化和肥胖症日益普遍是两大公共卫生问题。减肥手术已被证明既安全又有效,但其在老年人治疗中的作用仍存在争议:评估腹腔镜减肥手术对 70 岁以上患者的疗效和安全性:方法:2023 年 11 月至 12 月对文献进行了系统性回顾和评估。纳入标准是对接受腹腔镜减肥手术的老年人(年龄≥70岁)进行研究。数据提取的重点是体重减轻、肥胖相关疾病和并发症:结果:共纳入 14 项回顾性研究,涉及 3923 名七旬老人(女性,69.70%)。手术一年后,平均超重率为 54.66%。在最后一次随访中,肥胖相关疾病得到改善的比例为:50%确诊为糖尿病,36%确诊为高血压,50%确诊为反流,36%确诊为睡眠呼吸暂停,25%确诊为高脂血症。术后主要发病率和死亡率分别约为2%和1%:本系统综述表明,腹腔镜减肥手术对 70 岁以上的患者是一种有效而安全的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Valuing behavioral interventions for obesity reduction: A scoping review of economic models. 评估减少肥胖的行为干预措施:经济模型范围综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13865
Joanna McLaughlin, Carlos Sillero-Rejon, Theresa H M Moore, Hugh McLeod

Policymakers require health economic modeling to guide their decision-making over the choice of interventions for obesity. This scoping review was undertaken to report on the health economic models in use for estimating the value of behavioral interventions (individual or population level) for obesity reduction. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Web of Science) were searched for publications meeting inclusion criteria from January 2015 to May 2023. Seventy-three studies were included, using 44 health economic models between them. When considered against the expert recommendations for modeling of this type, only four models (9%) met all five key elements. The element most commonly unfulfilled was the use of a microsimulation modeling approach (41%, n = 18), followed by model validation (46%, n = 20). A majority of models met each of the other elements: use of a lifetime horizon (59%, n = 26), inclusion of key health events (66%, n = 29), and a risk equation approach to event simulation (71%, n = 31). In addition, under half of the studies considered health inequalities in their reporting. Continued proliferation of models with inadequate time horizons, breadth of obesity-related health conditions, and perspectives on costs and outcomes risks underestimation of the benefits of longer term interventions and impacts on health inequalities.

决策者需要健康经济模型来指导他们选择肥胖干预措施的决策。本范围综述旨在报告用于估算减少肥胖的行为干预(个人或人群水平)价值的健康经济模型。我们在电子数据库(MEDLINE、Embase、PsycINFO、EconLit 和 Web of Science)中检索了 2015 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月期间符合纳入标准的出版物。共纳入 73 项研究,其中使用了 44 个健康经济模型。根据专家对此类模型的建议,只有四个模型(9%)符合所有五个关键要素。最常见的未满足要素是使用微观模拟建模方法(41%,n = 18),其次是模型验证(46%,n = 20)。大多数模型符合其他各项要素:使用终生范围(59%,n = 26),包含关键健康事件(66%,n = 29),以及采用风险方程方法进行事件模拟(71%,n = 31)。此外,不到一半的研究在报告中考虑了健康不平等问题。时间跨度、肥胖相关健康状况的广度以及成本和结果视角不足的模型继续扩散,有可能低估长期干预措施的益处以及对健康不平等的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: The fat-trimming FGF21 approach. 治疗代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝炎:脂肪修饰 FGF21 方法。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13861
Xiaokun Li, Zhiheng Rao, Wenhao Hu, Weiqin Lu, Yongde Luo

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a condition characterized by hepatosteatosis, inflammation, and tissue damage, with steatosis as the initial stage, which involves chronic, excess deposition of lipids in hepatic lipid droplets. Despite the growing prevalence and serious risks it poses, including liver decompensation, the need for transplantation, and increased patient mortality, MASH currently faces no approved pharmacotherapy. Several promising treatment candidates have emerged from recent clinical trials, including analogs of FGF21 and agonists of the associated FGFR1-KLB complex. These agents were well-tolerated in trials and have demonstrated significant improvements in both histological and biochemical markers of liver fat content, inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in patients with MASH. Endocrine FGF21 plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. It achieves this through pathways that target lipids or lipid droplets in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Mechanistically, pharmacological FGF21 acts as a potent catabolic factor to promote lipid or lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial catabolic flux, and heat-dissipating energy expenditure, leading to effective clearance of hepatic and systemic gluco-lipotoxicity and inflammatory stress, thereby preventing obesity, diabetes, and MASH pathologies. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the outcomes of clinical trials for several FGF21 mimetics. We compare these outcomes with preclinical studies and offer a lipid-centric perspective on the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of these agents for MASH.

代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝炎(MASH)是一种以肝脏脂肪变性、炎症和组织损伤为特征的疾病,脂肪变性是其初始阶段,涉及肝脏脂滴中脂质的慢性过量沉积。尽管 MASH 的发病率越来越高,且具有严重的风险,包括肝脏失代偿、需要移植和增加患者死亡率,但目前还没有获得批准的药物疗法。最近的临床试验中出现了几种有希望的候选治疗药物,包括 FGF21 类似物和相关 FGFR1-KLB 复合物的激动剂。这些药物在试验中耐受性良好,并已证明对MASH患者肝脏脂肪含量、炎症、损伤和纤维化的组织学和生化指标均有显著改善。内分泌 FGF21 在维持脂质、葡萄糖和能量代谢平衡方面发挥着重要作用。它通过以脂肪细胞和肝细胞中的脂质或脂滴为靶点的途径实现这一作用。从机理上讲,药理 FGF21 是一种有效的分解代谢因子,可促进脂质或脂滴的脂肪分解、脂肪酸氧化、线粒体分解代谢通量和热耗散能量消耗,从而有效清除肝脏和全身的糖脂毒性和炎症应激,从而预防肥胖、糖尿病和 MASH 病变。在本综述中,我们旨在介绍几种 FGF21 拟效物临床试验的最新成果。我们将这些结果与临床前研究进行了比较,并从以血脂为中心的角度探讨了这些药物对 MASH 临床疗效的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Recommender systems use in weight management mHealth interventions: A scoping review. 在体重管理移动保健干预中使用推荐系统:范围综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13863
Bianca A de Castro, Sara M Levens, Margaret Sullivan, George Shaw

The use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective of our scoping review was to explore the influence of recommender systems on mHealth app user engagement, identify the theoretical frameworks that have been applied on digital health interventions designed for weight management, and examine the key aspects that support tailoring user engagement through recommender systems. Based on existing literature, we identified 13 articles on recommender systems for weight management. Themes emerged, including theoretical underpinnings, authors' domain knowledge, user motivation, and design. Most studies used constructs from the social cognitive theory. We found inconsistencies between authors' domain knowledge and the intervention's content, with few professionals from the health and psychology fields. Only 46% of articles measured user engagement, whereas gamification and tailored messages were common app features. Despite some positive weight change results, more attention is needed toward implementing behavior theory and other strategies to promote app user engagement. Future studies should more accurately measure user motivation and identify the best features and behavioral constructs to increase app user interaction. Larger studies with a more diverse population are needed to generalize findings and evaluate weight loss maintenance and physical activity habits among users of recommender system.

在控制体重的移动健康应用程序中使用推荐系统的情况越来越多,但用户对应用程序的使用率和参与度仍然有限。我们的范围综述旨在探索推荐系统对移动医疗应用程序用户参与度的影响,确定应用于体重管理数字健康干预的理论框架,并研究支持通过推荐系统定制用户参与度的关键方面。根据现有文献,我们确定了 13 篇有关体重管理推荐系统的文章。其中出现了一些主题,包括理论基础、作者的领域知识、用户动机和设计。大多数研究都使用了社会认知理论中的概念。我们发现作者的领域知识与干预内容不一致,很少有来自健康和心理学领域的专业人士。只有 46% 的文章衡量了用户的参与度,而游戏化和定制信息则是常见的应用功能。尽管取得了一些积极的体重变化结果,但仍需更多关注行为理论和其他策略的实施,以提高应用程序用户的参与度。未来的研究应更准确地衡量用户的动机,并确定增加应用程序用户互动的最佳功能和行为结构。还需要对更多样化的人群进行更大规模的研究,以推广研究结果,并评估推荐系统用户的减肥维持情况和体育锻炼习惯。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomics: Implication in cardiovascular research and diseases 代谢组学:对心血管研究和疾病的影响。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13825
Amir Ajoolabady, Domenico Pratico, Warwick B. Dunn, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Jun Ren

Cellular metabolism influences all aspects of cellular function and is crucial for overall organismal health. Metabolic disorders related to cardiovascular health can lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, associated comorbidities may also damage cardiovascular metabolism, exacerbating CVD and perpetuating a vicious cycle. Given the prominent role of metabolic alterations in CVD, metabolomics has emerged as an imperative technique enabling a comprehensive assessment of metabolites and metabolic architecture within the body. Metabolite profile and metabolic pathways help to deepen and broaden our understanding of complex genomic landscape and pathophysiology of CVD. Here in this review, we aim to overview the experimental and clinical applications of metabolomics in pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and management of various CVD plus future perspectives and limitations.

细胞代谢影响着细胞功能的方方面面,对整个机体的健康至关重要。与心血管健康有关的代谢紊乱可导致心血管疾病(CVD)。此外,相关的并发症也会损害心血管代谢,加剧心血管疾病,使恶性循环持续下去。鉴于代谢改变在心血管疾病中的突出作用,代谢组学已成为一项必要的技术,可对体内代谢物和代谢结构进行全面评估。代谢物图谱和代谢途径有助于加深和拓宽我们对心血管疾病复杂基因组图谱和病理生理学的理解。在这篇综述中,我们旨在概述代谢组学在各种心血管疾病的发病机制、诊断、预后和管理方面的实验和临床应用,以及未来的前景和局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating discrepancies in findings between rigorous randomized trials and meta-analyses evaluating pregnancy interventions to limit gestational weight gain 调查评估限制妊娠体重增加的孕期干预措施的严格随机试验和荟萃分析结果之间的差异。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13826
Jodie M. Dodd, Andrea R. Deussen, Amanda J. Poprzeczny, Laura J. Slade, Megan Mitchell, Jennie Louise

Introduction

Robust randomized trials consistently demonstrate little impact from diet and physical activity interventions on gestational weight gain (GWG) and clinical outcomes, although meta-analyses report some benefit. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of trial quality on treatment effect estimates and review conclusions.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of dietary and/or physical activity interventions for pregnant women with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2. We assessed studies for risk of bias and methodological features impacting reliability. Outcomes included GWG; gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); pre-eclampsia; caesarean birth; and birth weight measures. For each outcome, a sequence of meta-analyses was performed based on intervention group and level of potential bias in the effect estimate.

Results

We identified 128 eligible studies. The most robust estimate from a combined diet and physical activity behavioral intervention, with only studies at negligible risk of bias, was a difference in GWG of 1.10 kg (95% CI −1.62 to −0.58; 17,755 women). There was no evidence of an effect on any clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight discrepancies produced by the indiscriminate inclusion of studies with methodological flaws in previous systematic reviews. Regular weighing of pregnant women is futile in the absence of clinical benefit.

导言:尽管荟萃分析表明饮食和体育锻炼干预对妊娠体重增加(GWG)和临床结果的影响很小,但可靠的随机试验始终证明了这一点。我们的目的是评估试验质量对治疗效果估计值和综述结论的影响:我们对体重指数≥18.5 kg/m2的孕妇的饮食和/或体力活动干预进行了系统性回顾。我们评估了研究的偏倚风险和影响可靠性的方法特征。结果包括妊娠体重指数(GWG)、妊娠糖尿病(GDM)、先兆子痫、剖腹产和出生体重测量。对于每项结果,我们都根据干预组和效应估计的潜在偏倚程度进行了一系列荟萃分析:我们确定了 128 项符合条件的研究。在只有偏倚风险可忽略不计的研究中,综合饮食和体育锻炼行为干预得出的最可靠的估计值是,GWG 的差异为 1.10 千克(95% CI -1.62 至 -0.58;17755 名女性)。没有证据表明对任何临床结果产生了影响:我们的研究结果凸显了以往系统性综述中不加区分地纳入有方法缺陷的研究而产生的差异。在没有临床益处的情况下,对孕妇进行定期称重是徒劳的。
{"title":"Investigating discrepancies in findings between rigorous randomized trials and meta-analyses evaluating pregnancy interventions to limit gestational weight gain","authors":"Jodie M. Dodd,&nbsp;Andrea R. Deussen,&nbsp;Amanda J. Poprzeczny,&nbsp;Laura J. Slade,&nbsp;Megan Mitchell,&nbsp;Jennie Louise","doi":"10.1111/obr.13826","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13826","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Robust randomized trials consistently demonstrate little impact from diet and physical activity interventions on gestational weight gain (GWG) and clinical outcomes, although meta-analyses report some benefit. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of trial quality on treatment effect estimates and review conclusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of dietary and/or physical activity interventions for pregnant women with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. We assessed studies for risk of bias and methodological features impacting reliability. Outcomes included GWG; gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); pre-eclampsia; caesarean birth; and birth weight measures. For each outcome, a sequence of meta-analyses was performed based on intervention group and level of potential bias in the effect estimate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 128 eligible studies. The most robust estimate from a combined diet and physical activity behavioral intervention, with only studies at negligible risk of bias, was a difference in GWG of 1.10 kg (95% CI −1.62 to −0.58; 17,755 women). There was no evidence of an effect on any clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight discrepancies produced by the indiscriminate inclusion of studies with methodological flaws in previous systematic reviews. Regular weighing of pregnant women is futile in the absence of clinical benefit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Primary care practitioner and patient perspectives on care following bariatric surgery: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research 初级保健医生和患者对减肥手术后护理的看法:定性研究的元综合。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13829
Sally Badorrek, Janet Franklin, Kate A. McBride, Laura Conway, Kathryn Williams

Primary care is central to ongoing health care following bariatric surgery and patients indicate a preference for receiving follow-up support by their primary care practitioner (PCP). This meta-synthesis investigates the perspectives of both PCPs and patients in post-bariatric surgery care provided by PCPs. The aim was to synthesize themes from qualitative research to recommend improvements in post-bariatric surgery clinical care in primary care settings. Systematic searches of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar resulted in the inclusion of eight papers in the meta-synthesis. Papers were critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and thematically coded in Quirkos Cloud. Seven themes were reached by author consensus including stigma and judgment; clinician barriers and facilitators; patient-related support needs; communication considerations; patient context or determinants; health care setting; and adapting to life after surgery. PCPs reported barriers including poor communication and guidance from bariatric surgery centers, limited knowledge and training in bariatric patient care, and patients who may have unrealistic outcomes and poor health literacy. Patients seek comprehensive care from their PCP, however, barriers hindering the provision of this care include adverse surgical outcomes, a poor relationship with their PCP, and limited and short-term follow-up care from the PCP. Insights from this meta-synthesis offer actionable recommendations for PCPs and bariatric surgery centers to enhance patient care immediately.

初级保健是减肥手术后持续保健的核心,患者表示更愿意接受初级保健医生(PCP)提供的后续支持。本综述调查了初级保健医生和患者对初级保健医生提供的减肥手术后护理的看法。其目的是综合定性研究的主题,为基层医疗机构的减肥术后临床护理提出改进建议。通过对 Scopus、Medline、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Cochrane Library 和 Google Scholar 进行系统检索,最终有 8 篇论文被纳入元综合研究。我们使用批判性评估技能程序(CASP)对论文进行了点评,并在 Quirkos Cloud 中进行了主题编码。通过作者共识达成了七个主题,包括污名化和评判;临床医生的障碍和促进因素;患者相关的支持需求;沟通考虑因素;患者背景或决定因素;医疗环境;以及适应术后生活。初级保健医生报告的障碍包括:来自减肥手术中心的沟通和指导不畅、减肥患者护理方面的知识和培训有限,以及患者可能有不切实际的结果和健康知识贫乏。患者寻求初级保健医生的全面护理,然而,妨碍提供这种护理的障碍包括不良的手术结果、与初级保健医生的关系不佳以及初级保健医生提供的有限和短期的后续护理。本荟萃综述为初级保健医生和减肥手术中心提供了可行的建议,以便立即加强对患者的护理。
{"title":"Primary care practitioner and patient perspectives on care following bariatric surgery: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research","authors":"Sally Badorrek,&nbsp;Janet Franklin,&nbsp;Kate A. McBride,&nbsp;Laura Conway,&nbsp;Kathryn Williams","doi":"10.1111/obr.13829","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Primary care is central to ongoing health care following bariatric surgery and patients indicate a preference for receiving follow-up support by their primary care practitioner (PCP). This meta-synthesis investigates the perspectives of both PCPs and patients in post-bariatric surgery care provided by PCPs. The aim was to synthesize themes from qualitative research to recommend improvements in post-bariatric surgery clinical care in primary care settings. Systematic searches of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar resulted in the inclusion of eight papers in the meta-synthesis. Papers were critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and thematically coded in Quirkos Cloud. Seven themes were reached by author consensus including stigma and judgment; clinician barriers and facilitators; patient-related support needs; communication considerations; patient context or determinants; health care setting; and adapting to life after surgery. PCPs reported barriers including poor communication and guidance from bariatric surgery centers, limited knowledge and training in bariatric patient care, and patients who may have unrealistic outcomes and poor health literacy. Patients seek comprehensive care from their PCP, however, barriers hindering the provision of this care include adverse surgical outcomes, a poor relationship with their PCP, and limited and short-term follow-up care from the PCP. Insights from this meta-synthesis offer actionable recommendations for PCPs and bariatric surgery centers to enhance patient care immediately.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lipids and adipocytes involvement in tumor progression with a focus on obesity and diet 脂质和脂肪细胞参与肿瘤进展,重点是肥胖和饮食
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13833
Chiara Calabrese, Giacomo Miserocchi, Alessandro De Vita, Chiara Spadazzi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Sofia Gabellone, Giovanni Martinelli, Nicoletta Ranallo, Alberto Bongiovanni, Chiara Liverani

The adipose tissue is a complex organ that can play endocrine, metabolic, and immune regulatory roles in cancer. In particular, adipocytes provide metabolic substrates for cancer cell proliferation and produce signaling molecules that can stimulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Cancer cells, in turn, can reprogram adipocytes towards a more inflammatory state, resulting in a vicious cycle that fuels tumor growth and evolution. These mechanisms are enhanced in obesity, which is associated with the risk of developing certain tumors. Diet, an exogenous source of lipids with pro- or anti-inflammatory functions, has also been connected to cancer risk. This review analyzes how adipocytes and lipids are involved in tumor development and progression, focusing on the relationship between obesity and cancer. In addition, we discuss how diets with varying lipid intakes can affect the disease outcomes. Finally, we introduce novel metabolism-targeted treatments and adipocyte-based therapies in oncology.

摘要脂肪组织是一个复杂的器官,可在癌症中发挥内分泌、代谢和免疫调节作用。特别是,脂肪细胞为癌细胞增殖提供代谢基质,并产生可刺激细胞粘附、迁移、侵袭、血管生成和炎症的信号分子。反过来,癌细胞又能将脂肪细胞重新编程,使其处于更加炎症的状态,从而形成恶性循环,助长肿瘤的生长和演化。这些机制在肥胖症中得到加强,而肥胖症与罹患某些肿瘤的风险有关。饮食作为具有促炎或抗炎功能的脂质的外源性来源,也与癌症风险有关。本综述分析了脂肪细胞和脂质如何参与肿瘤的发生和发展,重点关注肥胖与癌症之间的关系。此外,我们还讨论了不同脂质摄入量的饮食如何影响疾病的结局。最后,我们介绍了肿瘤学中以代谢为靶点的新型疗法和基于脂肪细胞的疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the efficacy of intermittent fasting and exercise combinations for weight loss: A network meta-analysis 评估间歇性禁食与运动相结合的减肥效果:网络荟萃分析
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13834
Xiaoyan Cheng, Shunli Sun, Maolin Chen, Xinyou Zhou, Mingxin Rao, Dongjuan Guo, Jinfeng Xie, Qiang Huang, Liqiang Su

Objective

The purpose of this study is to utilize network meta-analysis (NMA) to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the most effective intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise interventions for weight loss.

Methods

This study searched five databases up until April 2024, obtaining RCTs that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a random-effects statistical analysis of each intervention. Eventually, a NMA was conducted to compare the effectiveness of each intervention on weight loss, thereby determining their combined effectiveness on reducing weight.

Results

A total of nine trials, comparing 12 interventions involving 570 participants, were included. All interventions significantly reduced body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) compared to the control (CON) group. In terms of BW reduction, the alternate-day fasting + moderate-intensity continuous training (ADF + MICT) intervention had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve average (SUCRA) score 88.1(MD: −4.44,95% CI −5.95, −2.92). Furthermore, for improving FM, the ADF + MICT intervention also had the highest SUCRA score 92.7(MD: −3.65,95% CI −5.05, −2.25), making it the optimal intervention for improving FM.

Conclusion

The NMA results indicate that all interventions are effective in reducing weight. Among them, ADF + MICT is the most effective strategy for reducing BW, and it is also the best approach for improving FM.

摘要目的本研究旨在利用网络荟萃分析(NMA)来综合相关的随机对照试验(RCT),并评估最有效的间歇性禁食(IF)与运动相结合的减肥干预措施。方法本研究检索了截至 2024 年 4 月的五个数据库,获得了研究间歇性禁食(IF)与运动相结合效果的 RCT。使用 Cochrane 工具对文献质量进行评估,然后对每项干预措施进行随机效应统计分析。最后,对每种干预措施的减重效果进行了NMA比较,从而确定了它们在减轻体重方面的综合效果。与对照组(CON)相比,所有干预措施都能明显降低体重(BW)和脂肪量(FM)。在降低体重方面,隔日禁食+中等强度持续训练(ADF + MICT)干预的累积排名曲线下表面平均值(SUCRA)得分最高,为88.1(MD:-4.44,95% CI -5.95,-2.92)。此外,在改善 FM 方面,ADF + MICT 干预方案的 SUCRA 得分也最高,为 92.7(MD:-3.65,95% CI -5.05,-2.25),是改善 FM 的最佳干预方案。结论 NMA 结果表明,所有干预措施都能有效降低体重,其中,ADF + MICT 是降低体重最有效的策略,也是改善 FM 的最佳方法。
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引用次数: 0
The vices and virtues of medical models of obesity 肥胖症医学模式的弊端与优点
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13828
Jonathan Sholl, Andreas De Block

Despite numerous public health organizations supporting the pathologization of obesity and considering recent obesity rates a health crisis, many researchers in the humanities, social sciences, and even in the health sciences remain unconvinced. In this paper, we address a set of arguments coming from these academic fields that criticize medical models of obesity for their supposedly flawed diagnostic categories that shift focus onto individuals and support moralizing judgements. Clarifying some key claims in these models and explicating the view of obesity in terms of energy dysregulation, we aim to tease apart misunderstandings and argue that not only do these models not say what they are often accused of saying, but their apparent vices may actually be virtues in helping to combat stigma. Building on the social psychology of stigma and disease labeling, we then suggest that current medical models are largely supportive of many moral and political aims promoted by critics of these models.

摘要尽管许多公共卫生组织支持将肥胖病理化,并认为最近的肥胖率是一场健康危机,但许多人文、社会科学甚至健康科学领域的研究人员仍然不以为然。在本文中,我们将讨论来自这些学术领域的一系列论点,这些论点批评肥胖症的医学模式,认为其诊断类别存在缺陷,将焦点转移到了个人身上,支持道德化的判断。我们澄清了这些模型中的一些关键主张,并从能量调节失调的角度解释了肥胖症的观点,我们的目的是消除误解,并认为这些模型不仅没有说出它们经常被指责的内容,而且它们表面上的缺点实际上可能是有助于消除成见的优点。在污名化和疾病标签的社会心理学基础上,我们提出,当前的医学模式在很大程度上支持这些模式的批评者所倡导的许多道德和政治目标。
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引用次数: 0
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Obesity Reviews
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